Accounting

Taxes play a crucial role in the life of the state, especially in the implementation of state’s development because taxes are the main source of state income. For this reason, the realization of the tax revenue target must be achieved. Therefore, a study to identify factors which can influence tax revenue is important to conduct. This study aims to examine the effect of three factors (taxpayer’s compliance, tax audit and tax collection) toward corporate income tax revenue. This study uses secondary data obtained from Tax Office Jakarta Sawah Besar Satu with a time span of 2015-2019. This research is conducted by using a multiple linear regression analysis model. The result of this study reveals that taxpayer’s compliance and tax collection have a significant and positive effect on corporate income tax revenue, while tax audits have no significant effect on corporate income tax revenue at Tax Office Jakarta Sawah Besar Satu. ABSTRAK Pajak memegang peranan penting dalam kehidupan bern...

This study provides information about the likelihood of the natureof fraud companies so that investors and stakeholders can makebetter decisions. The Beneish model and the fraud theory aretwo well-developed ideas for understanding fraud motivationsand detecting earnings manipulation in a corporation. Unlikeprevious studies using the fraud triangle, this study uses the latesttheory (the fraud hexagon) perspective to detect fraud actions.Thus, this study aims to examine the applicability of the fraudhexagon components in combination with the M-score fromthe Beneish model. Seventy-six manufacturing firms listed onIndonesia Stock Exchange from 2015 to 2019 were chosen assamples. The findings confirmed that enterprises with fraud tendto: be more financially stable, be more leveraged, have higherprofitability, have cooperation projects with the government, havemore related-party transactions, have more auditor changes, beless liquid, less changing directors, be less supervised, and lessdi...

Konfirmasi adalah salah satu teknik yang digunakan untuk memperoleh bukti audit. Bukti audit dengan menggunakan konfirmasi memiliki tingkat independen yang baik. Konfirmasi merupakan proses pemerolehan dan penilaian suatu komunikasi langsung dari pihak ketiga sebagai jawaban atas suatu permintaan informasi tentang unsur tertentu yang berdampak terhadap asersi laporan keuangan. Konfirmasi dibagi menjadi 2, yaitu : Konfirmasi positif biasa dilakukan untuk jumlah sampel kecil dengan saldo yang besar. Bentuk konfirmasi positif, biasanya menyebutkan informasi yang dibutuhkan auditor dan responden menjawab setuju atau tidak. Namun, terkadang pada konfirmasi positif auditor mengkosongkan informasi yang hendak ditanyakan dan pihak responden lah yang mengisikan informasi tersebut. Konfirmasi positif dapat dijadikan sebagai bukti audit jika responden membalas konfirmasi yang diberikan. Konfirmasi negatif biasa dilakukan untuk sampel dalam jumlah besar dengan saldo kecil. Bentuk konfirmasi ini juga mencantumkan informasi yang hendak ditanyakan kepada pihak responden, juga bentuk konfirmasi negatif meminta penerima konfirmasi untuk memberikan jawaban hanya jika ia tidak setuju dengan informasi yang disebutkan dalam permintaan konfirmasi. Namun, pada konfirmasi negatif dapat dijadikan alat bukti audit meski tidak mendapatkan jawaban. Hal ini dikarenakan, pada konfirmasi negatif, responden tidak perlu menjawab jika informasi yang tercantum sudah sesuai.

Village funds program is an important step for villages in Indonesia toward achieving greater autonomy. To achieve its goals, it is imperative that village funds are managed according to good governance principles as stipulated in terms of principles of village fund management. One of the efforts to comply with the principles is by developing a software called Siskeudes (Village Financial System). To check implementation in the fields and offer assistance if necessary, community services were carried out in two villages in Tangerang District of Banten Province. The results show that villages’ staffs are competence enough for the basic use of the software, but more training and coaching is needed. In addition, training and coaching in terms of taxation for village finance and asset management are also essential. Results of this observation are in line with previous studies in which government interventions and community participation are required to achieve village funds governance.

Despite having registered the trade volume since 2005, Indonesia's bond market trading and liquidity level in the secondary market are still the lowest in Asia. Neighboring countries like the Philippines and Singapore started registering trading volume records in the same year as Indonesia has exceeded the liquidity level of the Indonesian market. This raises the question of what makes the rate of development in Indonesia's bond market not as fast as other countries in Asia. Therefore, this article aims to analyze the determinants of liquidity in the secondary market of Indonesian bonds, especially government bonds. In the case of Indonesia, research on government liquidity is still limited. Various studies have been conducted to determine the factors affecting liquidity and also the method to calculate them but mostly focus on private bonds. This research uses the level of liquidity of bonds based on turnover ratio as a dependent variable and variable of maturity rate, coupon rate, exchange rate, stock price index, and lending rate as independent variables. The method used is multiple linear regression. The results show that the liquidity of 10-years benchmark government bonds in Indonesia is significantly influenced by the coupon rate and lending rate positively but influenced by the exchange rate and stock price index negatively. These results indicate that liquidity is influenced by macroeconomic variables. Thus, the Indonesian government should monitor macroeconomic indicators closely and change policy related to its bonds accordingly. JEL: E44, E62, H81

The aim of this research is to study the determinants of sovereign credit ratings of Indonesia andits neighborhood countries in the period of 1998-2016. Using secondary data and analyzed usingordered probit, it is found that every credit rating agency has its own variables influencing to itspublished credit ratings.In general, for Indonesia and its neighborhood countries, the variables withsignificant and positive relationship are fiscal balance and current account deficit to GDP, freedomindex, and GDP per capita; while the variables with significant and negative relationship are externaldebt to GNI and real exchange rate. Gross domestic savings to GDP influences credit ratings inboth ways. Interestingly, inflation does not affect the credit ratings. Indonesia and neighborhoodgovernments could use this information to manage their macroeconomic indicators in order to getfavorable ratings from credit rating agencies.

The aim of this research is to study the determinants of sovereign credit ratings of Indonesia andits neighborhood countries in the period of 1998-2016. Using secondary data and analyzed usingordered probit, it is found that every credit rating agency has its own variables influencing to itspublished credit ratings.In general, for Indonesia and its neighborhood countries, the variables withsignificant and positive relationship are fiscal balance and current account deficit to GDP, freedomindex, and GDP per capita; while the variables with significant and negative relationship are externaldebt to GNI and real exchange rate. Gross domestic savings to GDP influences credit ratings inboth ways. Interestingly, inflation does not affect the credit ratings. Indonesia and neighborhoodgovernments could use this information to manage their macroeconomic indicators in order to getfavorable ratings from credit rating agencies.

The rapid increase in population has directly resulted into increased energy demand, especially in transportation sector. To survive with the growth of energy consumption, transit has become key alternative to alleviate mobility problem in the country. However, to cope with the increasing fuel price and limited resources in this coming near future, the important consideration for transit agencies is to guide on how to successfully implement BRT in the changing political, institutional, and operational setting. The alternative of energy sources from biomass productions has received much attention, which could be obtained from the agriculture crop or from domestic waste materials. To enhance fuel diversification, in the same time also to eliminate the environmental pollution through efficient Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), this paper discusses the possibilities of utilizing used-29

State-owned enterprises (SOEs) have additional duties to participate in accelerating development and supporting national economic growth in addition to being profit oriented companies. Various strategies to improve performance of the SOEs can be implemented, including restructuring through the establishment of SOEs holding. Several SOEs active in the same sectors were regrouped to become a holding company so that management is expected to become more optimal. In Indonesia until 2016, four SOEs, i.e.

This article aims to investigate results of empirical studies on causal relationship between government expenditure and economic development. The relationship can be seen in two competing views. Wagner Law views that economic development affects government expenditure, while Keynes Hypothesis argues that government expenditure is a fiscal tool to develop economy. The two views are live academic avenue, as evidenced by numerous scientific articles on the topic but with different, even contradicting results. This article systematically reviews scientific researches which discuss Wagner Law in developing countries and use time series data. The articles are reviewed based on theoretical foundation, empirical methods, causality testing methods, new variables included in addition to GDP and government expenditure, testing results, and significance arguments. Systematic reviews of forty articles which cover seventy two developing countries confirm mixed research results, either support Wagner Law, Keynes Hypothesis, or both, or neither two views. The different results were caused by different data, testing methods, and other variables included in the models. As for implication, the role of government expenditure in public policy should be taken with care, by focusing on specific government expenditures.

ABSTRAKKementerian Keuangan sebagai lembaga pemerintah perlu memperkenalkan organisasi kepada masyarakat, termasuk kepada siswa sekolah dasar. Salah satu kegiatan yang dilakukan dalam rangka hari ulang tahun Kementerian Keuangan tahun 2018 adalah relawan mengajar dari pejabat dan pelaksana Kementerian Keuangan. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman siswa tentang APBN, nilai-nilai Kementerian Keuangan serta meningkatkan motivasi siswa, yang dalam artikel ini berfokus pada SD Negeri Tomang 11 Pagi, Jakarta Barat. Metode yang pelaksanaan pada pengabdian masyarakat tersebut adalah metode tatap muka dengan menggunakan alat peraga, cerita dan permainan. Alat peraga untuk menjelaskan APBN dengan membandingkan anggaran rumah tangga dengan anggaran negara, untuk menjelaskan nilai-nilai Kementerian Keuangan digunakan tebak gambar dan kata serta cerita, sedangkan penggalian cita-cita dan motivasi dilakukan dengan permainan dan pohon cita-cita. Berdasarkan hasil observasi terhadap...

In 2007-2017, the fertilizer subsidy budget showed a trend of an annual average increase of 20.45, particularly allocatod for food crops subsector. The increase in fertilizer subsidy budget allocation for 2007-2017 is related to subsidies for increasing fertilizer prices and underpaid (debt) fertilizer subsidies which also increased from the previous years. This research aims at identifying causes of balloning fertiziler subsidy until the budget year of 2017. This research used qualitative method of non-case studies by using the techniques of collecting data through in depth interviews and library research. The results of the study show that the causes of fertilizer subsidy debts included inappropriate measurement of the cost of goods sold (HPP) of subsidized fertilizers, the highest retail price (HET) which did not increased regularly, increased gas prices and exchange rates for gas purchases as the largest component of cost of goods sold. Thus, the government is expected to be able to make effective and efficient new breakthroughs related to the fertilizer subsidy policy such as by using the farmer card. Possibilities of using the farmer card are also discussed in the article.

In 2011 leaders of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) members pledged to reduce tariffs and nontariff barriers on goods and services related to environmental goods, known as APEC Environmental Goods List. In 2012 it was agreed that the member countries will reduce import tariff for the environmental goods to be maximum of 5% by 2015. The commitment is controversial since it is agreed as APEC commitment and hence nonbinding. However, since the tariffs are applied under Most Favored Nation principle, by definition the tariffs apply to all countries. This article aims at analyzing impacts of import tariffs and nontariff barriers for the environmental goods on Indonesia’s trade performances. In this study, the environmental goods include APEC Environmental Goods List and WTO Environmental Goods Core. The gravity model is used to explain variations in Indonesia’s exports and imports of 54 environmental goods to 18 trading partners. Data included in the analysis were obtained from s...

Social assistance is one of government’s strategies in alleviating poverty and reducing inequality. This article analyses impact of social assistances in terms of Prosperous Rice (Beras Sejahtera, Rastra), Indonesia Intelligent Program (Program Indonesia Pintar, PIP), and Family Hope Program (Program Keluarga Harapan, PKH) on poverty and inequality, and problems related to implementation of these programs. Impact analysis was carried out using the benefit incidence analysis by using household surveys (Susenas) data March 2017, while problems in the fields were collected from literature and mass media analyses. The results indicate that social assistances in Indonesia impacted on alleviating poverty and reducing inequality, as well as absolute progressive in nature. Rastra is the most able to reduce poverty and equality compared to PKH and PIP. However, further improvements are needed to overcome the leakage in the distribution of social assistances. Literature and mass media reviews...