Journal of applied life sciences international, Jan 5, 2023
The health risk to the population from exposure to heavy metals in an area that have witnessed a ... more The health risk to the population from exposure to heavy metals in an area that have witnessed a surge in illegal mining activities, cattle rustling and banditry were evaluated in the current study. Cabbage leaves sample from Makiya village, Jibia local Government area, Katsina State, Nigeria was evaluated for the presence of heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The health risks of the evaluated heavy metals in the sample to the population were assessed using the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Health Risk Index (HRI)) to assess the possible noncarcinogenic effect and the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) for the cancer risks. The result of the mean concentration value of the evaluated heavy metal Pb from the sample falls above the Maximum Allowable Concentrations (MAC) of heavy metals in leafy vegetables. The concentrations of the other metals including Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Mn and Cd evaluated in the sample were within the permissible values The result of the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) associated with the evaluated heavy metals exposure through consumption of the sample for adults and children were all below 1. The combined health risks for all the metals in the sample for the adults and children population represented as the HRI were below 1, the result of the Incremental Life Cancer Risk (ILCR) for both the adults and children population shows that all the heavy metals have ILCR that falls within the safety limit for cancer risk. Because of the above permissible Pb concentration in the analysed cabbage leaves sample, it can be deduced that the vegetable is not safe for consumption.
The pollution of water bodies with heavy metals can result into the possible contamination of fre... more The pollution of water bodies with heavy metals can result into the possible contamination of freshwater fish. The levels of the heavy metals Pb, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cd were investigated in fish samples (Ameiurus nebulosus, Pylidictis olivaris, Tilapia zilli, Clarias gariepinus) collected from Kwanar-Are dam located at Rimi local government area Katsina State, Nigeria and the health risks of the evaluated heavy metals were estimated. The mean concentration ranges of Pb, Fe, Cu, Zn and Cd were (0.0851-0.4919, 0.3095-0.5039, 0.0366-0.0589, 0.1066-0.3015, 0.1048-0.1417, 0.0128-0.0686 mg/kg) respectively. The risk assessment for non-carcinogenic exposure effect showed that there was no health risk associated with these elements through consumption of the fish samples to the consumer population. However the risk assessment for carcinogenic exposure effect has revealed that the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and the cumulative lifetime cancer risks (∑ILCR) were all above the safe...
This work contributes to the monitoring of heavy metal pollution of Agricultural soils, Katsina S... more This work contributes to the monitoring of heavy metal pollution of Agricultural soils, Katsina State Nigeria, using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The heavy metal contamination of the soil samples were analyzed based on the Geoaccumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI) and potential ecological risk index (PERI). The health risks of the evaluated heavy metals were estimated using the Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI)) to evaluate the possible non-carcinogenic effect and the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) for the cancer risk to the population. The results of the study had revealed that in the soil samples all the evaluated heavy metals lie within acceptable limits as set by the regulatory agencies. The evaluated soil samples pollution indices had revealed that the I-geo values for the soil samples were within the range of unpolluted to moderate pollution. Also, the heavy metal enrichment factor (EF)...
This work contributes to the monitoring of heavy metals in agricultural produce in Katsina State,... more This work contributes to the monitoring of heavy metals in agricultural produce in Katsina State, Northwest Nigeria, and the possible health risk to the consumer population. Samples of lettuce from the three senatorial zones that constitute to make up Katsina state in the North West of Nigeria were collected and the concentrations of seven heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe, Zn, Mn and Ni) in all the samples were evaluated by atomic absorption spectrometry. The health risk assessment methods developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) were employed to explore the potential health hazards of heavy metals in the samples on the children and adult population. The highest mean concentration (mg/kg) was observed for Zn (range: 1.048-1.208), followed by Pb (range: 0.508-0.982), Fe (range: 0.684-0.978) and Cr (range: 0.135-0.261). While Cd has the lowest concentration (range: 0.042-0.051) with the heavy metals Mn and Ni being below detection level (BDL). The target hazard quotient (THQ) and the hazard index (Hi) for the heavy metals evaluated were within the safety limit. The overall cancer risk to the adults based on pseudo-total metal concentrations exceeded the target value, mainly contributed by the heavy metal Pb. Mn is the primary heavy metal posing non cancer risks while Pb caused the greatest cancer risk. It was concluded that consumption of the lettuce leaf samples from Katsina State may contribute to the population cancer burden.
The pollution of water bodies with heavy metals can result into the possible contamination of fre... more The pollution of water bodies with heavy metals can result into the possible contamination of freshwater fish. The levels of the heavy metals Pb, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cd were investigated in fish samples (Ameiurus nebulosus, Pylidictis olivaris, Tilapia zilli, Clarias gariepinus) collected from Kwanar-Are dam located at Rimi local government area Katsina State, Nigeria and the health risks of the evaluated heavy metals were estimated. The mean concentration ranges of Pb, Fe, Cu, Zn and Cd were (0.
The health risk to the population from exposure to heavy metals in an area that have witnessed a ... more The health risk to the population from exposure to heavy metals in an area that have witnessed a surge in illegal mining activities, cattle rustling and banditry were evaluated in the current study. Cabbage leaves sample from Makiya village, Jibia local Government area, Katsina State, Nigeria was evaluated for the presence of heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The health risks of the evaluated heavy metals in the sample to the population were assessed using the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Health Risk Index (HRI)) to assess the possible noncarcinogenic effect and the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) for the cancer risks. The result of the mean concentration value of the evaluated heavy metal Pb from the sample falls above the Maximum Allowable Concentrations (MAC) of heavy metals in leafy vegetables. The concentrations of the other metals including Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Mn and Cd evaluated in the sample were within the permissible values The result of the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) associated with the evaluated heavy metals exposure through consumption of the sample for adults and children were all below 1. The combined health risks for all the metals in the sample for the adults and children population represented as the HRI were below 1, the result of the Incremental Life Cancer Risk (ILCR) for both the adults and children population shows that all the heavy metals have ILCR that falls within the safety limit for cancer risk. Because of the above permissible Pb concentration in the analysed cabbage leaves sample, it can be deduced that the vegetable is not safe for consumption.
This work contributes to the monitoring of water and sediment heavy metal pollution of Are dam Ri... more This work contributes to the monitoring of water and sediment heavy metal pollution of Are dam Rimi Local Government Area, Katsina State Nigeria, using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. From the results, Pb, Ni, and Cd level in the water sample are above the safety limit. The water Pollution index (PI) and Metal index (MI) indicate a threshold threat to human and aquatic life's utilizing the water, the Geo accumulation index (I-geo), Enrichment factor (EF), Contamination factor (CF), and Potential ecological risk index (PERI) values in sediment sample indicate unpolluted (class 0) with minimal enrichment, low contamination level, and low ecological risk respectively. The target hazard quotient (THQ) and Health risk index (HI) values for adults and children of the heavy metals ◆Research Paper ◆
The health risk to the population from exposure to heavy metals in an area that have witnessed a ... more The health risk to the population from exposure to heavy metals in an area that have witnessed a surge in illegal mining activities, cattle rustling and banditry were evaluated in the current study. Moringa leaves sample from Jabiyawa village, Jibia local Government area, Katsina State, Nigeria was evaluated for the presence of heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The health risks of the evaluated heavy metals in the sample to the population were assessed using the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Health Risk Index (HRI)) to assess the possible noncarcinogenic effect and the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) for the cancer risks. The result of the mean concentration values of the evaluated heavy metals Fe, Cu and Pb from the sample falls above the Maximum Allowable Concentrations (MAC) of heavy metals in leafy vegetables. The concentrations of the other metals including Zn, Ni, Mn and Cd evaluated in the sample were within the permissible values The results of the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) associated with the evaluated heavy metals exposure through consumption of the sample for adults and children were below 1, with exception of the THQ for the heavy metal Cu in the children population that was above 1. The combined health risks for all the metals in the sample for the adults and children population represented as the HRI were above 1. The result of the Incremental Life Cancer Risk (ILCR) for both the adults and children population shows that the heavy metal Ni is beyond the threshold of the safety limit for cancer risk. There is a health risk concern from consumption of the sample as the vegetable may contribute to the disease burden of the population.
The risk of exposure to the population from heavy metals in an area that have witnessed a surge i... more The risk of exposure to the population from heavy metals in an area that have witnessed a surge in illegal mining activities, cattle rustling and banditry were evaluated in the current study. Lettuce leaves sample from Gadirge village, Jibia local Government area, Katsina State, Nigeria was evaluated for the presence of heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The health risks of the evaluated heavy metals in the sample to the population were assessed using the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Health Risk Index (HRI)) to assess the possible noncarcinogenic effect and the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) for the cancer risks. The result of the mean concentration values of the evaluated heavy metals Fe and Pb from the sample falls above the Maximum Allowable Concentrations (MAC) of heavy metals in leafy vegetables. The concentrations of the other metals including Cu, Zn, Ni, Mn and Cd evaluated in the sample were within the permissible values. The result of the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) associated with the evaluated heavy metals exposure through consumption of the sample for adults and children were all lower than 1, with exception of the THQ for the heavy metals Fe and Mn in the adults and children population that was above 1. The combined health risks for all the metals in the sample for the adults and children population represented as the HRI were higher than 1, the result of the Incremental Life Cancer Risk (ILCR) for both the adult and children population has revealed that the heavy metal Ni was beyond the threshold of the safety limit for cancer risk. There is a health risk concern from consumption of the sample as the vegetable may contribute to the disease burden of the population.
International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review, 2015
Aim: The study is aimed at analyzing blood samples from 484 male school going adolescents; of whi... more Aim: The study is aimed at analyzing blood samples from 484 male school going adolescents; of which 263 were randomly selected from a public school in Katsina metropolis (urban setting) and 221 from a public school in Batsari (rural setting) for the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL - CH), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL - CH) and triacyl glycerol (TG) in order to ascertain a risk of cardiovascular disease ( CVD). Study Design: A cross sectional study was conducted among male adolescents from urban and rural settings aged between 12 - 18 years attending public secondary schools in Katsina State Nigeria to assess their nutritional status.
Sustainability, Agri, Food and Environmental Research
This work contributes to the monitoring of Agricultural soil pollution in Katsina State, North we... more This work contributes to the monitoring of Agricultural soil pollution in Katsina State, North western Nigeria by assessing the degree of heavy metal pollution in Agricultural soil samples. The study was conducted in the year 2017 within some catchment areas located within the 3 senatorial zones that constitute to make up the state (Katsina senatorial zone: Birchi, Dutsinma and Katsina; Daura senatorial zone: Daura, Ingawa and Zango; Funtua senatorial zone: Dabai, Funtua, Kafur, Malunfashi and Matazu). Analysis for the concentration of these heavy metals; Cr, Cd, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn was conducted by the use of AAS (by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) method. . Several indices were used to assess the metal contamination levels in the Agricultural soil samples, namely; Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Enrichment Factor (EF), Contamination Factor (CF), Degree of Contamination (Cd) and Pollution Load Index (PLI). The result of this study has shown that generally among the heavy met...
Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research, 2018
This study was conducted in the year 2016 to determine the heavy metal concentrations in whole fi... more This study was conducted in the year 2016 to determine the heavy metal concentrations in whole fish (Clarias gariepinus) samples and water obtained from some selected Dams (Ajiwa, Zobe and Dannakola) in Katsina state Nigeria. The objectives were mainly to detect the presence of heavy metals in whole fish and water from some selected Dams in the study area, compare the concentration of heavy metals in samples from the selected Dams concerning the permissible limits specified by WHO/FAO and USEPA Standards. Eight (8) water samples were collected at 8 random points within approximately 1000 meters on each extremity and median parts of the selected dams. Fish (Clarias gariepinus) was sampled using standard methods (AOAC, 1990). The fish and water samples were collected from Ajiwa, Zobe and Dannakola Dams of Katsina state Nigeria. Nine adult fish samples, three each from Ajiwa Dam, and Dannakola were procured from fishermen. Analysis of the concentration of these heavy metals; Cr, Cd, Fe...
Aim: To investigate the effect of five extraction solvents of varying polarity, namely aqueous, m... more Aim: To investigate the effect of five extraction solvents of varying polarity, namely aqueous, methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and n-hexane on phytochemicals yield and composition of Carica papaya seed. The acute toxicity test of each solvent fraction was also carried out and the average weight of rats in each group was measured before and after the experiment. Methodology: The phytochemical screening, both qualitative and quantitative was carried out using standard methods and procedures. Acute toxicity study was conducted by determining the LD50 of each extract. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria, from April 2018 to August 2018. Results: The results shows that the higher the solvent polarity, the better the yield of extract thus Original Research Article Kanadi et al.; AJRIB, 2(3): 1-9, 2019; Article no.AJRIB.49355 2 the extract yield was higher in aqueous followed by methanol,...
This work contributes to the monitoring of water pollution of some selected Dams in Katsina State... more This work contributes to the monitoring of water pollution of some selected Dams in Katsina State, North western Nigeria by assessing the degree of heavy metal pollution in the Dams sediment samples. The study was conducted in the year 2017 within some selected Dams in the State (Ajiwa, Zobe, Sabke/Dannakola) that are beehives of fishing and Agricultural activities in Katsina State. Analysis for the concentration of these heavy metals; Cr, Cd, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn was conducted by the use of AAS (by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) method. Several indices were used to assess the metal contamination levels in the sediment samples, namely; Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Enrichment Factor (EF), Contamination Factor (CF), Degree of Contamination (Cd), Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI). The result of this study has shown that generally among the heavy metals evaluated, the highest concentration was observed for Fe (range: 2.6718-4.2830 ppm), follo...
Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), al... more Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and histological analysis of lungs were carried out in twenty rats exposed to smoke from transfluthrin impregnated insecticide paper. The rats were divided into five groups (I, II, III, IV and V) of four each. Group one served as control while Group II, III, IV and V were exposed to smoke from transfluthrin impregnated paper Insecticide for 15, 30, 60, 120 minutes daily for four weeks respectively. On the 29th day, the rats were euthanized and blood sample was collected and centrifuged for analysis of biochemical parameters (MDA, AST, ALT and ALP), the animals were dissected and lung tissues were collected for histological analysis. Significant increase (p<0.05) in all parameters (MDA, AST, ALT and ALP) were observed in a time dependent pattern compared to normal control. However, histopathological analysis of the lung tissues shows no pathological changes bet...
Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 2019
Aim: To investigate the effect of Carica papaya seed extract on KBrO3 - induced nephrotoxicity in... more Aim: To investigate the effect of Carica papaya seed extract on KBrO3 - induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Renal toxicity was induced by a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg body weight of KBrO3. Study Design: Thirty (30) male albino rats were divided into six groups, five rats per group; normal control, KBrO3 control, papaya control and KBrO3 group administered with methanol seed extract of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg body weight for 48 hours. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria, from April 2018 to August 2018. Methodology: Serum urea, creatinine, uric acid and electrolytes were determined using kits from randox laboratories. Furthermore, activities of renal brush border membrane marker enzymes namely γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), maltase (Mal) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and some parameters of oxidative stress including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismut...
Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017
Ficus polita Vahl is a tropical African evergreen shrub or small tree belonging to the family Mor... more Ficus polita Vahl is a tropical African evergreen shrub or small tree belonging to the family Moraceae, and usually growing up to 15 metres tall. Extracts from different part of the plant had been demonstrated to exhibit various medicinal activities. Qualitative phytochemical screening of aqueous stem bark extract of F. polita was determined. Acute (LD 50) and sub-chronic oral toxicity studies of the extract of F. polita were evaluated in wistar albino rats. Phytochemical screening of Original Research Article
The young leaves of F. polita plant are edible and the bark and roots infusions are used in treat... more The young leaves of F. polita plant are edible and the bark and roots infusions are used in treatment of infectious diseases, dyspepsia and diarrhoea like many other species of Moraceae family. Qualitative phytochemical screening of aqueous leaf extract of F. polita was determined. Lethal mean dose (LD of F. polita were evaluated in wistar albino rats. Phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, flavonols, glycosides, anthraquinones, saponins, tannins, fats and oils, terpenes, triter starch, gums and mucilages, and proteins. The LD than 5000 mg/kg. Oral administration of the extract at 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 mg/kg body weight revealed no significant difference (P> RBC, haemoglobin, PCV, MCH, and MCHC. There was significant increase (P<0.05) in MCV in 3000 mg/kg dose when compared with control. There were significant increases (P<0.05) in WBC, lymphocytes, and platelets, in som enzymes, total protein, albumin, electrolytes, and creatinine revealed no significant changes (P>0.05) in the treated doses compared to their controls. However, significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in urea, direct bilirubin, and total bilirubin of some treated doses when compared to their controls. These results suggest that the aqueous leaf extract of F. polita is rich in phytochemicals, and may be considered relatively safe at the tested doses.
Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 2018
reported after a prolonged period of treatment. Not only that, people affected by DM faces regula... more reported after a prolonged period of treatment. Not only that, people affected by DM faces regular economic burden because the ailment demands regular therapy. 3 Recently, high-fiber diet is being used as asupplement in controlling DM. Water-soluble dietary fibers have the potentials to reduce glucose absorption, increase the hepatic extraction of insulin and increase insulin sensitivity at the cellular level. 7 Okra due to its high fibre content is fast gaining a reputation as 'superfood' for individuals with or at risk of DM, ulcer and other ailments. 8 The term "nutraceutical" was coined from "nutrition" and pharmaceutical in 1989 by Stephen Defelice; founder and Chairman of the Foundation for Innovation in Medicine (FIM). 9 Defelice define nutraceutical as "a food or part of food that provide medicinal or health benefit including the prevention and/or treatment of diseases." 9 Abelmoschus esculentus, (L.) Moench (Ex-maradi variety) is a flowering plant of the Malvaceae family. It is one of the most important and utilized species of vegetables widely known and cultivated throughout the world for its tender fruits. 10 This plant is an economically important vegetable crop that has been used for a long time as a daily food in many countries because of its nourishing components. 10 It is characterized by mucilaginous properties and high fiber content. 11 The fruit of the plant is rich in nutrients like protein, Niacin, Riboflavin, Phosphorus, Zinc, Copper, Potassium, vitamins A, B6, C and K, Thiamine, Folate, Magnesium, Calcium, and Manganese. Okra is rich in phenolic compounds with important biological properties like quercetin and flavonol derivatives, catechin oligomers and hydroxycinnamic derivatives. 12 It is a multipurpose crop due to the various uses of its parts (leaves, buds, flowers, pods, stems and seeds). The immature okra fruits are consumed as vegetables and can be used in salads, soups and stews,
Study on the evaluation of the nutritional quality of poorly utilized plant products is of immens... more Study on the evaluation of the nutritional quality of poorly utilized plant products is of immense importance. This research work, therefore, evaluates the amino acid profile and mineral content of Balanites aegyptiaca kernel using standard analytical methods. The amino acid profile analysis revealed the presence of essential and the non-essential amino acids of which Total sulphur and Total aromatic amino acids content were 2.86 g/100 g protein and 7.21 g/100 g protein respectively. Analysis of the mineral content showed the presence of the following minerals in the order; Magnesium ˃ Sodium ˃ Calcium ˃ Potassium ˃ Iron ˃ Zinc ˃ Manganese ˃ Lead ˃ Copper ˃ Nickel ˃ Chromium ˃ Cadmium. The kernel could, therefore, be used as a good source of protein and minerals in supplementing other sources in order to reduce food insecurity and hence malnutrition from lack of protein diets.
Journal of applied life sciences international, Jan 5, 2023
The health risk to the population from exposure to heavy metals in an area that have witnessed a ... more The health risk to the population from exposure to heavy metals in an area that have witnessed a surge in illegal mining activities, cattle rustling and banditry were evaluated in the current study. Cabbage leaves sample from Makiya village, Jibia local Government area, Katsina State, Nigeria was evaluated for the presence of heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The health risks of the evaluated heavy metals in the sample to the population were assessed using the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Health Risk Index (HRI)) to assess the possible noncarcinogenic effect and the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) for the cancer risks. The result of the mean concentration value of the evaluated heavy metal Pb from the sample falls above the Maximum Allowable Concentrations (MAC) of heavy metals in leafy vegetables. The concentrations of the other metals including Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Mn and Cd evaluated in the sample were within the permissible values The result of the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) associated with the evaluated heavy metals exposure through consumption of the sample for adults and children were all below 1. The combined health risks for all the metals in the sample for the adults and children population represented as the HRI were below 1, the result of the Incremental Life Cancer Risk (ILCR) for both the adults and children population shows that all the heavy metals have ILCR that falls within the safety limit for cancer risk. Because of the above permissible Pb concentration in the analysed cabbage leaves sample, it can be deduced that the vegetable is not safe for consumption.
The pollution of water bodies with heavy metals can result into the possible contamination of fre... more The pollution of water bodies with heavy metals can result into the possible contamination of freshwater fish. The levels of the heavy metals Pb, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cd were investigated in fish samples (Ameiurus nebulosus, Pylidictis olivaris, Tilapia zilli, Clarias gariepinus) collected from Kwanar-Are dam located at Rimi local government area Katsina State, Nigeria and the health risks of the evaluated heavy metals were estimated. The mean concentration ranges of Pb, Fe, Cu, Zn and Cd were (0.0851-0.4919, 0.3095-0.5039, 0.0366-0.0589, 0.1066-0.3015, 0.1048-0.1417, 0.0128-0.0686 mg/kg) respectively. The risk assessment for non-carcinogenic exposure effect showed that there was no health risk associated with these elements through consumption of the fish samples to the consumer population. However the risk assessment for carcinogenic exposure effect has revealed that the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and the cumulative lifetime cancer risks (∑ILCR) were all above the safe...
This work contributes to the monitoring of heavy metal pollution of Agricultural soils, Katsina S... more This work contributes to the monitoring of heavy metal pollution of Agricultural soils, Katsina State Nigeria, using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The heavy metal contamination of the soil samples were analyzed based on the Geoaccumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI) and potential ecological risk index (PERI). The health risks of the evaluated heavy metals were estimated using the Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI)) to evaluate the possible non-carcinogenic effect and the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) for the cancer risk to the population. The results of the study had revealed that in the soil samples all the evaluated heavy metals lie within acceptable limits as set by the regulatory agencies. The evaluated soil samples pollution indices had revealed that the I-geo values for the soil samples were within the range of unpolluted to moderate pollution. Also, the heavy metal enrichment factor (EF)...
This work contributes to the monitoring of heavy metals in agricultural produce in Katsina State,... more This work contributes to the monitoring of heavy metals in agricultural produce in Katsina State, Northwest Nigeria, and the possible health risk to the consumer population. Samples of lettuce from the three senatorial zones that constitute to make up Katsina state in the North West of Nigeria were collected and the concentrations of seven heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe, Zn, Mn and Ni) in all the samples were evaluated by atomic absorption spectrometry. The health risk assessment methods developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) were employed to explore the potential health hazards of heavy metals in the samples on the children and adult population. The highest mean concentration (mg/kg) was observed for Zn (range: 1.048-1.208), followed by Pb (range: 0.508-0.982), Fe (range: 0.684-0.978) and Cr (range: 0.135-0.261). While Cd has the lowest concentration (range: 0.042-0.051) with the heavy metals Mn and Ni being below detection level (BDL). The target hazard quotient (THQ) and the hazard index (Hi) for the heavy metals evaluated were within the safety limit. The overall cancer risk to the adults based on pseudo-total metal concentrations exceeded the target value, mainly contributed by the heavy metal Pb. Mn is the primary heavy metal posing non cancer risks while Pb caused the greatest cancer risk. It was concluded that consumption of the lettuce leaf samples from Katsina State may contribute to the population cancer burden.
The pollution of water bodies with heavy metals can result into the possible contamination of fre... more The pollution of water bodies with heavy metals can result into the possible contamination of freshwater fish. The levels of the heavy metals Pb, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cd were investigated in fish samples (Ameiurus nebulosus, Pylidictis olivaris, Tilapia zilli, Clarias gariepinus) collected from Kwanar-Are dam located at Rimi local government area Katsina State, Nigeria and the health risks of the evaluated heavy metals were estimated. The mean concentration ranges of Pb, Fe, Cu, Zn and Cd were (0.
The health risk to the population from exposure to heavy metals in an area that have witnessed a ... more The health risk to the population from exposure to heavy metals in an area that have witnessed a surge in illegal mining activities, cattle rustling and banditry were evaluated in the current study. Cabbage leaves sample from Makiya village, Jibia local Government area, Katsina State, Nigeria was evaluated for the presence of heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The health risks of the evaluated heavy metals in the sample to the population were assessed using the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Health Risk Index (HRI)) to assess the possible noncarcinogenic effect and the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) for the cancer risks. The result of the mean concentration value of the evaluated heavy metal Pb from the sample falls above the Maximum Allowable Concentrations (MAC) of heavy metals in leafy vegetables. The concentrations of the other metals including Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Mn and Cd evaluated in the sample were within the permissible values The result of the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) associated with the evaluated heavy metals exposure through consumption of the sample for adults and children were all below 1. The combined health risks for all the metals in the sample for the adults and children population represented as the HRI were below 1, the result of the Incremental Life Cancer Risk (ILCR) for both the adults and children population shows that all the heavy metals have ILCR that falls within the safety limit for cancer risk. Because of the above permissible Pb concentration in the analysed cabbage leaves sample, it can be deduced that the vegetable is not safe for consumption.
This work contributes to the monitoring of water and sediment heavy metal pollution of Are dam Ri... more This work contributes to the monitoring of water and sediment heavy metal pollution of Are dam Rimi Local Government Area, Katsina State Nigeria, using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. From the results, Pb, Ni, and Cd level in the water sample are above the safety limit. The water Pollution index (PI) and Metal index (MI) indicate a threshold threat to human and aquatic life's utilizing the water, the Geo accumulation index (I-geo), Enrichment factor (EF), Contamination factor (CF), and Potential ecological risk index (PERI) values in sediment sample indicate unpolluted (class 0) with minimal enrichment, low contamination level, and low ecological risk respectively. The target hazard quotient (THQ) and Health risk index (HI) values for adults and children of the heavy metals ◆Research Paper ◆
The health risk to the population from exposure to heavy metals in an area that have witnessed a ... more The health risk to the population from exposure to heavy metals in an area that have witnessed a surge in illegal mining activities, cattle rustling and banditry were evaluated in the current study. Moringa leaves sample from Jabiyawa village, Jibia local Government area, Katsina State, Nigeria was evaluated for the presence of heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The health risks of the evaluated heavy metals in the sample to the population were assessed using the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Health Risk Index (HRI)) to assess the possible noncarcinogenic effect and the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) for the cancer risks. The result of the mean concentration values of the evaluated heavy metals Fe, Cu and Pb from the sample falls above the Maximum Allowable Concentrations (MAC) of heavy metals in leafy vegetables. The concentrations of the other metals including Zn, Ni, Mn and Cd evaluated in the sample were within the permissible values The results of the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) associated with the evaluated heavy metals exposure through consumption of the sample for adults and children were below 1, with exception of the THQ for the heavy metal Cu in the children population that was above 1. The combined health risks for all the metals in the sample for the adults and children population represented as the HRI were above 1. The result of the Incremental Life Cancer Risk (ILCR) for both the adults and children population shows that the heavy metal Ni is beyond the threshold of the safety limit for cancer risk. There is a health risk concern from consumption of the sample as the vegetable may contribute to the disease burden of the population.
The risk of exposure to the population from heavy metals in an area that have witnessed a surge i... more The risk of exposure to the population from heavy metals in an area that have witnessed a surge in illegal mining activities, cattle rustling and banditry were evaluated in the current study. Lettuce leaves sample from Gadirge village, Jibia local Government area, Katsina State, Nigeria was evaluated for the presence of heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The health risks of the evaluated heavy metals in the sample to the population were assessed using the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Health Risk Index (HRI)) to assess the possible noncarcinogenic effect and the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) for the cancer risks. The result of the mean concentration values of the evaluated heavy metals Fe and Pb from the sample falls above the Maximum Allowable Concentrations (MAC) of heavy metals in leafy vegetables. The concentrations of the other metals including Cu, Zn, Ni, Mn and Cd evaluated in the sample were within the permissible values. The result of the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) associated with the evaluated heavy metals exposure through consumption of the sample for adults and children were all lower than 1, with exception of the THQ for the heavy metals Fe and Mn in the adults and children population that was above 1. The combined health risks for all the metals in the sample for the adults and children population represented as the HRI were higher than 1, the result of the Incremental Life Cancer Risk (ILCR) for both the adult and children population has revealed that the heavy metal Ni was beyond the threshold of the safety limit for cancer risk. There is a health risk concern from consumption of the sample as the vegetable may contribute to the disease burden of the population.
International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review, 2015
Aim: The study is aimed at analyzing blood samples from 484 male school going adolescents; of whi... more Aim: The study is aimed at analyzing blood samples from 484 male school going adolescents; of which 263 were randomly selected from a public school in Katsina metropolis (urban setting) and 221 from a public school in Batsari (rural setting) for the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL - CH), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL - CH) and triacyl glycerol (TG) in order to ascertain a risk of cardiovascular disease ( CVD). Study Design: A cross sectional study was conducted among male adolescents from urban and rural settings aged between 12 - 18 years attending public secondary schools in Katsina State Nigeria to assess their nutritional status.
Sustainability, Agri, Food and Environmental Research
This work contributes to the monitoring of Agricultural soil pollution in Katsina State, North we... more This work contributes to the monitoring of Agricultural soil pollution in Katsina State, North western Nigeria by assessing the degree of heavy metal pollution in Agricultural soil samples. The study was conducted in the year 2017 within some catchment areas located within the 3 senatorial zones that constitute to make up the state (Katsina senatorial zone: Birchi, Dutsinma and Katsina; Daura senatorial zone: Daura, Ingawa and Zango; Funtua senatorial zone: Dabai, Funtua, Kafur, Malunfashi and Matazu). Analysis for the concentration of these heavy metals; Cr, Cd, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn was conducted by the use of AAS (by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) method. . Several indices were used to assess the metal contamination levels in the Agricultural soil samples, namely; Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Enrichment Factor (EF), Contamination Factor (CF), Degree of Contamination (Cd) and Pollution Load Index (PLI). The result of this study has shown that generally among the heavy met...
Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research, 2018
This study was conducted in the year 2016 to determine the heavy metal concentrations in whole fi... more This study was conducted in the year 2016 to determine the heavy metal concentrations in whole fish (Clarias gariepinus) samples and water obtained from some selected Dams (Ajiwa, Zobe and Dannakola) in Katsina state Nigeria. The objectives were mainly to detect the presence of heavy metals in whole fish and water from some selected Dams in the study area, compare the concentration of heavy metals in samples from the selected Dams concerning the permissible limits specified by WHO/FAO and USEPA Standards. Eight (8) water samples were collected at 8 random points within approximately 1000 meters on each extremity and median parts of the selected dams. Fish (Clarias gariepinus) was sampled using standard methods (AOAC, 1990). The fish and water samples were collected from Ajiwa, Zobe and Dannakola Dams of Katsina state Nigeria. Nine adult fish samples, three each from Ajiwa Dam, and Dannakola were procured from fishermen. Analysis of the concentration of these heavy metals; Cr, Cd, Fe...
Aim: To investigate the effect of five extraction solvents of varying polarity, namely aqueous, m... more Aim: To investigate the effect of five extraction solvents of varying polarity, namely aqueous, methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and n-hexane on phytochemicals yield and composition of Carica papaya seed. The acute toxicity test of each solvent fraction was also carried out and the average weight of rats in each group was measured before and after the experiment. Methodology: The phytochemical screening, both qualitative and quantitative was carried out using standard methods and procedures. Acute toxicity study was conducted by determining the LD50 of each extract. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria, from April 2018 to August 2018. Results: The results shows that the higher the solvent polarity, the better the yield of extract thus Original Research Article Kanadi et al.; AJRIB, 2(3): 1-9, 2019; Article no.AJRIB.49355 2 the extract yield was higher in aqueous followed by methanol,...
This work contributes to the monitoring of water pollution of some selected Dams in Katsina State... more This work contributes to the monitoring of water pollution of some selected Dams in Katsina State, North western Nigeria by assessing the degree of heavy metal pollution in the Dams sediment samples. The study was conducted in the year 2017 within some selected Dams in the State (Ajiwa, Zobe, Sabke/Dannakola) that are beehives of fishing and Agricultural activities in Katsina State. Analysis for the concentration of these heavy metals; Cr, Cd, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn was conducted by the use of AAS (by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) method. Several indices were used to assess the metal contamination levels in the sediment samples, namely; Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Enrichment Factor (EF), Contamination Factor (CF), Degree of Contamination (Cd), Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI). The result of this study has shown that generally among the heavy metals evaluated, the highest concentration was observed for Fe (range: 2.6718-4.2830 ppm), follo...
Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), al... more Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and histological analysis of lungs were carried out in twenty rats exposed to smoke from transfluthrin impregnated insecticide paper. The rats were divided into five groups (I, II, III, IV and V) of four each. Group one served as control while Group II, III, IV and V were exposed to smoke from transfluthrin impregnated paper Insecticide for 15, 30, 60, 120 minutes daily for four weeks respectively. On the 29th day, the rats were euthanized and blood sample was collected and centrifuged for analysis of biochemical parameters (MDA, AST, ALT and ALP), the animals were dissected and lung tissues were collected for histological analysis. Significant increase (p<0.05) in all parameters (MDA, AST, ALT and ALP) were observed in a time dependent pattern compared to normal control. However, histopathological analysis of the lung tissues shows no pathological changes bet...
Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 2019
Aim: To investigate the effect of Carica papaya seed extract on KBrO3 - induced nephrotoxicity in... more Aim: To investigate the effect of Carica papaya seed extract on KBrO3 - induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Renal toxicity was induced by a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg body weight of KBrO3. Study Design: Thirty (30) male albino rats were divided into six groups, five rats per group; normal control, KBrO3 control, papaya control and KBrO3 group administered with methanol seed extract of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg body weight for 48 hours. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria, from April 2018 to August 2018. Methodology: Serum urea, creatinine, uric acid and electrolytes were determined using kits from randox laboratories. Furthermore, activities of renal brush border membrane marker enzymes namely γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), maltase (Mal) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and some parameters of oxidative stress including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismut...
Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017
Ficus polita Vahl is a tropical African evergreen shrub or small tree belonging to the family Mor... more Ficus polita Vahl is a tropical African evergreen shrub or small tree belonging to the family Moraceae, and usually growing up to 15 metres tall. Extracts from different part of the plant had been demonstrated to exhibit various medicinal activities. Qualitative phytochemical screening of aqueous stem bark extract of F. polita was determined. Acute (LD 50) and sub-chronic oral toxicity studies of the extract of F. polita were evaluated in wistar albino rats. Phytochemical screening of Original Research Article
The young leaves of F. polita plant are edible and the bark and roots infusions are used in treat... more The young leaves of F. polita plant are edible and the bark and roots infusions are used in treatment of infectious diseases, dyspepsia and diarrhoea like many other species of Moraceae family. Qualitative phytochemical screening of aqueous leaf extract of F. polita was determined. Lethal mean dose (LD of F. polita were evaluated in wistar albino rats. Phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, flavonols, glycosides, anthraquinones, saponins, tannins, fats and oils, terpenes, triter starch, gums and mucilages, and proteins. The LD than 5000 mg/kg. Oral administration of the extract at 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 mg/kg body weight revealed no significant difference (P> RBC, haemoglobin, PCV, MCH, and MCHC. There was significant increase (P<0.05) in MCV in 3000 mg/kg dose when compared with control. There were significant increases (P<0.05) in WBC, lymphocytes, and platelets, in som enzymes, total protein, albumin, electrolytes, and creatinine revealed no significant changes (P>0.05) in the treated doses compared to their controls. However, significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in urea, direct bilirubin, and total bilirubin of some treated doses when compared to their controls. These results suggest that the aqueous leaf extract of F. polita is rich in phytochemicals, and may be considered relatively safe at the tested doses.
Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 2018
reported after a prolonged period of treatment. Not only that, people affected by DM faces regula... more reported after a prolonged period of treatment. Not only that, people affected by DM faces regular economic burden because the ailment demands regular therapy. 3 Recently, high-fiber diet is being used as asupplement in controlling DM. Water-soluble dietary fibers have the potentials to reduce glucose absorption, increase the hepatic extraction of insulin and increase insulin sensitivity at the cellular level. 7 Okra due to its high fibre content is fast gaining a reputation as 'superfood' for individuals with or at risk of DM, ulcer and other ailments. 8 The term "nutraceutical" was coined from "nutrition" and pharmaceutical in 1989 by Stephen Defelice; founder and Chairman of the Foundation for Innovation in Medicine (FIM). 9 Defelice define nutraceutical as "a food or part of food that provide medicinal or health benefit including the prevention and/or treatment of diseases." 9 Abelmoschus esculentus, (L.) Moench (Ex-maradi variety) is a flowering plant of the Malvaceae family. It is one of the most important and utilized species of vegetables widely known and cultivated throughout the world for its tender fruits. 10 This plant is an economically important vegetable crop that has been used for a long time as a daily food in many countries because of its nourishing components. 10 It is characterized by mucilaginous properties and high fiber content. 11 The fruit of the plant is rich in nutrients like protein, Niacin, Riboflavin, Phosphorus, Zinc, Copper, Potassium, vitamins A, B6, C and K, Thiamine, Folate, Magnesium, Calcium, and Manganese. Okra is rich in phenolic compounds with important biological properties like quercetin and flavonol derivatives, catechin oligomers and hydroxycinnamic derivatives. 12 It is a multipurpose crop due to the various uses of its parts (leaves, buds, flowers, pods, stems and seeds). The immature okra fruits are consumed as vegetables and can be used in salads, soups and stews,
Study on the evaluation of the nutritional quality of poorly utilized plant products is of immens... more Study on the evaluation of the nutritional quality of poorly utilized plant products is of immense importance. This research work, therefore, evaluates the amino acid profile and mineral content of Balanites aegyptiaca kernel using standard analytical methods. The amino acid profile analysis revealed the presence of essential and the non-essential amino acids of which Total sulphur and Total aromatic amino acids content were 2.86 g/100 g protein and 7.21 g/100 g protein respectively. Analysis of the mineral content showed the presence of the following minerals in the order; Magnesium ˃ Sodium ˃ Calcium ˃ Potassium ˃ Iron ˃ Zinc ˃ Manganese ˃ Lead ˃ Copper ˃ Nickel ˃ Chromium ˃ Cadmium. The kernel could, therefore, be used as a good source of protein and minerals in supplementing other sources in order to reduce food insecurity and hence malnutrition from lack of protein diets.
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