Research articles in surface engineering, heat tratments, nanometallurgy, materials and maintenan... more Research articles in surface engineering, heat tratments, nanometallurgy, materials and maintenance engineering from the Master in Maintenance Engineering at University of San Carlos of Guatemala
Multiwalled carbonanotubes with cotton support nanomembranes were fabricated, 9.5 volts battery w... more Multiwalled carbonanotubes with cotton support nanomembranes were fabricated, 9.5 volts battery was also utilized by the nanofiltration process, contaminated water was poured into metal mesh and the carbonanotubes nanomembranes. Negative electrode was connected to the CNT´s nanomembrane, the positive electrode was connected to the metal mesh for the filtration and electro separation process. Characterization and analysis were performed at Engineering Research Center in Water certificate laboratory. The results of characterization show that the E.colli were before nanofiltration 6.0 in 100 ml the ecoli were reduced to 2.0 per100 ml after the nanofiltration and electroseparation. Coguanor 29001 norm indicate for drinking water has to be less of 1.8 per 100 ml of ecoli. The voltage of the battery also show a reduction from 9.48 before to 8.46 ater the nanofiltration and electroseparation. Physicochemical analysis show a Ph 6.44 before to 6.87 after the nanofiltation, the concuctivity was 380 then was reduced to 357 microohms/cm. Key words: Nanomembranes, Carbon Nanotubes, nanofiltration, Ecolli, Electroseparation.
Currently no sustainable sludge management strategies are available in small and medium cities of... more Currently no sustainable sludge management strategies are available in small and medium cities of the Latin America and Caribbean Countries (CELAC). Often sludge ends up in landfills or in open field, increasing the health risk of population. The potential wasting the large economic potential The aim of this project is adopting the Nexus approach to implement sustainable management options in selected pilot area of Americas
In this study, the effect of surface modification of aluminum powders on wear and the fracture me... more In this study, the effect of surface modification of aluminum powders on wear and the fracture mechanics behaviors of aluminum/epoxy composites was investigated. Aluminum powders were surface-modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Aluminum/epoxy composites were fabricated by the cast molding method using 10% wt. untreated and silane-treated aluminum powders. Tensile, Mode I fracture and wear tests were performed on both composites. The results showed that the tensile modulus and strength of silane-treated aluminum/epoxy composites were 20% and 30% greater, respectively than those of untreated aluminum/epoxy composites. The results also showed that the fracture toughness and wear resistance of silane-treated aluminum/epoxy composites were ~25% and ~75% greater than that of untreated aluminum/epoxy composites. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination showed that the improvement of tensile and fracture properties of silane-treated aluminum/epoxy composites were attributed to the improved dispersion and bonding of aluminum particles in the epoxy, due to the silanization of aluminum powders. ARTICLE HISTORY
Energía solar. Eficiengcia Energética. Auditoria y gestion energética. Varios artículos de la Mae... more Energía solar. Eficiengcia Energética. Auditoria y gestion energética. Varios artículos de la Maestia en Energia y Ambiente.
El tratamiento de las aguas servidas para reúso, reincorporación a los cuerpos de agua superficia... more El tratamiento de las aguas servidas para reúso, reincorporación a los cuerpos de agua superficiales o reinfiltración a los mantos freáticos no es una opción generalizada.
Las plantas de tratamiento que existen utilizan tecnologías contaminantes, son altas en uso de energía y producen desechos tóxicos como resultado de su operación.
Para ir construyendo una infraestructura urbana sustentable, es necesario optar por tecnología alternativa que permita reutilizar los caudales y/o regresarlos a la naturaleza con buena calidad.
Una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales es una instalación donde a las aguas resultantes de... more Una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales es una instalación donde a las aguas resultantes de un proceso o actividad humana se les retiran los contaminantes, para hacer de ella un agua sin riesgos a la salud y/o medio ambiente al disponerla en un cuerpo receptor natural (mar, ríos o lagos) o por su reúso en otras actividades de nuestra vida cotidiana con excepción del consumo humano.
El incremento desproporcionado de la demanda de energía eléctrica, especialmente por parte de la ... more El incremento desproporcionado de la demanda de energía eléctrica, especialmente por parte de la industria que cada vez consume mayor cantidad de energía, utilizando, por ende, una gran cantidad de recursos naturales como el petróleo o el gas natural. Poco a poco se están tomando medidas para utilizar de mejor forma los recursos energéticos, mediante la aplicación de métodos como lo son las políticas de eficiencia energética para cualquier equipo eléctrico, edificios, comercios, la industria, etc. Una buena práctica consiste en la sustitución de equipos eléctricos de baja eficiencia con unos modernos que cumplen con las normas de eficiencia y bajo consumo energético. Palabras clave: Eficiencia Energética, Ahorro Energético, Supermercado, Climatización, Consumo Energético
Es un dispositivo doméstico que realiza la misma función de una estufa convencional de gas propan... more Es un dispositivo doméstico que realiza la misma función de una estufa convencional de gas propano o de electricidad, la diferencia es que ésta funciona a través de la energía solar.
Renewable energy sources are those that managed properly, can be exploited without limit, that is... more Renewable energy sources are those that managed properly, can be exploited without limit, that is, the amount available not decreases as exploits. To have a policy of sustainable development is essential for the majority of resources, particularly energy, are the renewable type. The aim of all renewable sources, and photovoltaics is no exception, it is to generate electricity at low costs that allow competing with the production of electrical energy obtained from fossil fuels. Manufacture solar cells with high conversion efficiency is one of the fundamental purposes in order to reduce the price per kWh of electricity. A photovoltaic cell is a semiconductor with two doped layers (p-type and n-type). When light shines on the cell, electrons are released and results in an electric current. Of monocrystalline silicon wafers obtained in the laboratory, higher yielding portion (the core material) 25% to 30% is used in electronics applications and in space applications. The perimeter or kernel environment, which has a performance about 15%-18%, is used to produce monocrystalline photovoltaic cells. RESUMEN Las fuentes renovables de energía son aquellas que, administradas de modo adecuado, pueden explotarse ilimitadamente, es decir, la cantidad disponible no disminuye a medida que se aprovecha. Para tener una política de desarrollo sostenido es indispensable que la mayoría de los recursos, particularmente la energía, sean del tipo renovable. El objetivo de todas las fuentes renovables, y la fotovoltaica no es la excepción, es generar energía eléctrica a bajos costos que permitan competir con la producción de energía eléctrica que se obtiene de combustibles fósiles. Fabricar celdas solares con alta eficiencia de conversión es uno de los propósitos fundamentales en aras de disminuir el precio del kWh de energía eléctrica. Una célula fotovoltaica es un semiconductor con dos capas dopadas (tipo p y tipo n). Cuando la luz incide sobre la célula, se liberan electrones y da lugar a una corriente eléctrica continua. De las obleas de silicio monocristalino obtenidas en el laboratorio, la
RESUMEN La forma más común de las celdas solares se basa en el efecto fotovoltáico, en el cual la... more RESUMEN La forma más común de las celdas solares se basa en el efecto fotovoltáico, en el cual la luz que incide sobre un dispositivo semiconductor de dos capas produce una diferencia del fotovoltaje o del potencial entre las capas. Este voltaje es capaz de conducir una corriente a través de un circuito externo de modo de producir trabajo útil, en el presente informe se da a conocer detalladamente dicho efecto y la tecnología de fabricación de celdas fotovoltáicas con el fin de promover el uso de fuentes de energía alternativas a las tradicionales.
Resumen La industria láctea es un sector de la industria que tiene como materia prima la leche pr... more Resumen La industria láctea es un sector de la industria que tiene como materia prima la leche procedente de animales (por regla general vacas. Esta es uno de los alimentos más básicos de la humanidad. Uno de los sub-productos principales de la industria láctea es el queso.Para producir quesos de buena calidad es de vital importancia tratar la leche a utilizar de una forma correcta. El queso se produce por coagulación de las proteínas de la leche, a partir de fermentos lácteos y/o cuajo. En cualquier proceso productivo es necesario el conocimiento de la correcta aplicación de los equipos para apoyar al usuario en la medición, regulación, transformación, etc., de una variable deseada. La instrumentación industrial tiene por fin medir variables así como seleccionar y calibrar instrumentos. Los instrumentos de control pueden clasificarse según su función y la variable del proceso a medir. Los instrumentos industriales se componen de las siguientes partes: elemento primario, transmisor, controlador y elemento final de control. Abstract The dairy industry is an industry whose raw milk from animals (usually cows). This is one of the staples of humanity. A major by-products of the dairy industry is the cheese .To produce a good quality cheese is vital to use milk treated in a correct way. Cheese produced by the coagulation of milk protein, from milk enzymes and / or rennet. In any production process is necessary knowledge of the correct application of equipment to support the user in the measurement, control, transformation, etc., of a desired variable. Industrial instrumentation is intended to measure variables, select and calibrates instruments. The controls instruments can classify by function and process variable to measure. Instruments consist of the following parts: primary element, transmitter, controller and final control element.
Abstrac
The objective of this article is to identify the instrumentation at ports and airports, s... more Abstrac The objective of this article is to identify the instrumentation at ports and airports, so that the reader knows the instruments operation and the importance they have to guide aircraft and ships and land circulating in these areas. These tools are essential and are part of a control of atmospheric variables that could influence the functionality of these facilities. Keywords: Instrumentation, ports, airports, aircraft
10 different papers and authors in Climate Change qualitative research for mitigation and adaptio... more 10 different papers and authors in Climate Change qualitative research for mitigation and adaption as part of the Phd in Climate Change and Sustainabiloity at University of San Carlos of Guatemala. Climatology. Water , Hidrology. Risk and disaters, Nanpotechnology for water filtration. Sustainability.
Abstract
Actually, the instrumentation is a fundamental part of industry, it is used to make more... more Abstract Actually, the instrumentation is a fundamental part of industry, it is used to make more efficient what we knew before as deficient. In this case we use the instrumentation for a description of thermal solar power generated by Stirling engines and steam plants; the Stirling machine was developed in the early twentieth century, had been forgotten, but in recent years has risen, thinking about the possible solution to global energy problems. This hot air engine has outstanding performance and was designed by Robert Stirling, for everything that it can be used even has space use, trying to supply energy to satellites and human settlements outside our planet by what has been studied by NASA and universities as ESA. This is a way of generating energy in a simple and economical way, because you do not need too much maintenance and is a powerful machine to transform energy. But this time there will not be a focus around the operation of this machine, in all its applications and its advantages and disadvantages this time will be in all the instrumentation used for the generation of solar power plants with steam. Keywords: temperature, heat, steam, solar, instrumentation, control, thermometer, pressure gauge, flow meter. Resumen En la actualidad la instrumentación es parte fundamental de la industria, pues se utiliza para hacer más eficiente lo que antes conocíamos deficiente. En este caso utilizaremos la instrumentación para hacer una descripción de la energía solar térmica, generada a través de motores Stirling y plantas de vapor; la máquina Stirling fue desarrollada a principios del siglo xx y había sido olvidada, pero en los últimos años ha resucitado, pensando en la posible solución a los problemas energéticos mundiales. Este motor de aire caliente tiene un excepcional rendimiento y fue ideado por Robert Stirling, para todo lo que este pueda ser utilizado incluso tiene uso espacial, tratando de abastecer de energía a los satélites y asentamientos humanos fuera de nuestro planeta por lo que ha sido estudiado por la NASA y universidades como ESA. Esta es una manera de generar energía de una manera sencilla y económica, dado que no necesita exceso de mantenimiento y es poderosa esta máquina para transformar la energía. Pero esta vez no será un enfoque mayormente en todo el funcionamiento de esta máquina, en todas sus aplicaciones y en sus ventajas y desventajas esta vez será en toda la instrumentación que utiliza, para la generación de energía solar térmica junto con plantas de vapor. Palabras clave: temperatura, calor, vapor, solar, instrumentación, control, termómetro, manómetro, fluxómetro.
ABSTRACT
Renewable energy sources are those that managed properly, can be exploited without limit... more ABSTRACT Renewable energy sources are those that managed properly, can be exploited without limit, that is, the amount available not decreases as exploits. To have a policy of sustainable development is essential for the majority of resources, particularly energy, are the renewable type. The aim of all renewable sources, and photovoltaics is no exception, it is to generate electricity at low costs that allow competing with the production of electrical energy obtained from fossil fuels. Manufacture solar cells with high conversion efficiency is one of the fundamental purposes in order to reduce the price per kWh of electricity. A photovoltaic cell is a semiconductor with two doped layers (p-type and n-type). When light shines on the cell, electrons are released and results in an electric current. Of monocrystalline silicon wafers obtained in the laboratory, higher yielding portion (the core material) 25% to 30% is used in electronics applications and in space applications. The perimeter or kernel environment, which has a performance about 15% - 18%, is used to produce monocrystalline photovoltaic cells. Keywords: Renewable, Photovoltaic Energy, Cells, Solar. RESUMEN
ABSTRACT
This article aims to inform what kind of instrumentation and control must be in a wind p... more ABSTRACT This article aims to inform what kind of instrumentation and control must be in a wind power generating plant. It has a structure which twelve pages were made with the relationship at work and investigation of this type of industry. In the first pages you can find the parameters and activities that should be considered and appropriate instrumentation to perform different activities, intermediate pages are beginning to address the issue of control that best suits the system wind power generation Keywords: Onshore, TLC, TCM, instrumentation, turbine, turbine, Tip Speed Ratio (TSR), power coefficient (Cp), anemometer, Instruments, energy generation.
Abstract
Hospitals are environments that require strict control of many variables, such as steam,... more Abstract Hospitals are environments that require strict control of many variables, such as steam, air quality, temperature facilities, fire and radiation emissions. This control is necessary because the health and lives of many people is at stake, therefore reducing risk and minimize unsanitary conditions is vital. The use of automated systems, such as smoke detection and alarm implied, and systems requiring human intervention, such as measuring radiation, to have all the variables under acceptable levels and also to keep a historical record is necessary projected to unusual behavior of the variables, with outstanding control charts. Keywords: Industrial Instrumentation, Hospital, Mechanical, Engineering, Health
Abstract
In this research we are studying the improve of health of people by application of ne... more Abstract In this research we are studying the improve of health of people by application of new technologies in water and wastewater treatment as Nanotechnology in Guatemala, Central America and other parts of the world affected with pollution of rivers, lakes, underground water resources and scarcity of purified drinking water. The drought, flooding, and the negatives effects of Climate Change have worsened the situation for millions of people. According to UN there are more that 1000 million people without access to purified water. Nanotechnology will be a part of the solution for drinking water access around the World and the effect in health and biodiversity. Keywords: Climate Change. Nanotechnology. Water. Health. Nano filtration. 1 Profesor Investigador, Facultad de Ingeniería, USAC. Maestría en Ingeniería Mecánica y Nanotecnología. Cursante Doctorado en Cambio Climático y Sostenibilidad Contacto: [email protected]
In this study we have fabricated different combinations of aluminium powder, epoxy and carbon nan... more In this study we have fabricated different combinations of aluminium powder, epoxy and carbon nano tubes to have a novel material with better structural properties, especially for small and medium size wind turbines in the Rank of 0.100 to 100 Kilowatts, for functionalization we modified the surface of aluminium powder and nanotubes with 3 aminopropyltriethoxysilane to have a bonding and adhesion with the epoxy and aluminium-nanotubes in the particulate Nano composite tensile, flexion, hardness test were performed in Universal testing machine and Vickers hardener tester, stress-strain curves of different combinations of particles and materials in the Nano composites and also compared with the standard materials utilized to fabricate the blades like, Nylon 6, carbon fiber, fiber glass are showed after the results of the different tests. Toughness, ductility, bending were studied to analyze which materials have better performance in some sizes and powers of wind turbines.
Research articles in surface engineering, heat tratments, nanometallurgy, materials and maintenan... more Research articles in surface engineering, heat tratments, nanometallurgy, materials and maintenance engineering from the Master in Maintenance Engineering at University of San Carlos of Guatemala
Multiwalled carbonanotubes with cotton support nanomembranes were fabricated, 9.5 volts battery w... more Multiwalled carbonanotubes with cotton support nanomembranes were fabricated, 9.5 volts battery was also utilized by the nanofiltration process, contaminated water was poured into metal mesh and the carbonanotubes nanomembranes. Negative electrode was connected to the CNT´s nanomembrane, the positive electrode was connected to the metal mesh for the filtration and electro separation process. Characterization and analysis were performed at Engineering Research Center in Water certificate laboratory. The results of characterization show that the E.colli were before nanofiltration 6.0 in 100 ml the ecoli were reduced to 2.0 per100 ml after the nanofiltration and electroseparation. Coguanor 29001 norm indicate for drinking water has to be less of 1.8 per 100 ml of ecoli. The voltage of the battery also show a reduction from 9.48 before to 8.46 ater the nanofiltration and electroseparation. Physicochemical analysis show a Ph 6.44 before to 6.87 after the nanofiltation, the concuctivity was 380 then was reduced to 357 microohms/cm. Key words: Nanomembranes, Carbon Nanotubes, nanofiltration, Ecolli, Electroseparation.
Currently no sustainable sludge management strategies are available in small and medium cities of... more Currently no sustainable sludge management strategies are available in small and medium cities of the Latin America and Caribbean Countries (CELAC). Often sludge ends up in landfills or in open field, increasing the health risk of population. The potential wasting the large economic potential The aim of this project is adopting the Nexus approach to implement sustainable management options in selected pilot area of Americas
In this study, the effect of surface modification of aluminum powders on wear and the fracture me... more In this study, the effect of surface modification of aluminum powders on wear and the fracture mechanics behaviors of aluminum/epoxy composites was investigated. Aluminum powders were surface-modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Aluminum/epoxy composites were fabricated by the cast molding method using 10% wt. untreated and silane-treated aluminum powders. Tensile, Mode I fracture and wear tests were performed on both composites. The results showed that the tensile modulus and strength of silane-treated aluminum/epoxy composites were 20% and 30% greater, respectively than those of untreated aluminum/epoxy composites. The results also showed that the fracture toughness and wear resistance of silane-treated aluminum/epoxy composites were ~25% and ~75% greater than that of untreated aluminum/epoxy composites. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination showed that the improvement of tensile and fracture properties of silane-treated aluminum/epoxy composites were attributed to the improved dispersion and bonding of aluminum particles in the epoxy, due to the silanization of aluminum powders. ARTICLE HISTORY
Energía solar. Eficiengcia Energética. Auditoria y gestion energética. Varios artículos de la Mae... more Energía solar. Eficiengcia Energética. Auditoria y gestion energética. Varios artículos de la Maestia en Energia y Ambiente.
El tratamiento de las aguas servidas para reúso, reincorporación a los cuerpos de agua superficia... more El tratamiento de las aguas servidas para reúso, reincorporación a los cuerpos de agua superficiales o reinfiltración a los mantos freáticos no es una opción generalizada.
Las plantas de tratamiento que existen utilizan tecnologías contaminantes, son altas en uso de energía y producen desechos tóxicos como resultado de su operación.
Para ir construyendo una infraestructura urbana sustentable, es necesario optar por tecnología alternativa que permita reutilizar los caudales y/o regresarlos a la naturaleza con buena calidad.
Una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales es una instalación donde a las aguas resultantes de... more Una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales es una instalación donde a las aguas resultantes de un proceso o actividad humana se les retiran los contaminantes, para hacer de ella un agua sin riesgos a la salud y/o medio ambiente al disponerla en un cuerpo receptor natural (mar, ríos o lagos) o por su reúso en otras actividades de nuestra vida cotidiana con excepción del consumo humano.
El incremento desproporcionado de la demanda de energía eléctrica, especialmente por parte de la ... more El incremento desproporcionado de la demanda de energía eléctrica, especialmente por parte de la industria que cada vez consume mayor cantidad de energía, utilizando, por ende, una gran cantidad de recursos naturales como el petróleo o el gas natural. Poco a poco se están tomando medidas para utilizar de mejor forma los recursos energéticos, mediante la aplicación de métodos como lo son las políticas de eficiencia energética para cualquier equipo eléctrico, edificios, comercios, la industria, etc. Una buena práctica consiste en la sustitución de equipos eléctricos de baja eficiencia con unos modernos que cumplen con las normas de eficiencia y bajo consumo energético. Palabras clave: Eficiencia Energética, Ahorro Energético, Supermercado, Climatización, Consumo Energético
Es un dispositivo doméstico que realiza la misma función de una estufa convencional de gas propan... more Es un dispositivo doméstico que realiza la misma función de una estufa convencional de gas propano o de electricidad, la diferencia es que ésta funciona a través de la energía solar.
Renewable energy sources are those that managed properly, can be exploited without limit, that is... more Renewable energy sources are those that managed properly, can be exploited without limit, that is, the amount available not decreases as exploits. To have a policy of sustainable development is essential for the majority of resources, particularly energy, are the renewable type. The aim of all renewable sources, and photovoltaics is no exception, it is to generate electricity at low costs that allow competing with the production of electrical energy obtained from fossil fuels. Manufacture solar cells with high conversion efficiency is one of the fundamental purposes in order to reduce the price per kWh of electricity. A photovoltaic cell is a semiconductor with two doped layers (p-type and n-type). When light shines on the cell, electrons are released and results in an electric current. Of monocrystalline silicon wafers obtained in the laboratory, higher yielding portion (the core material) 25% to 30% is used in electronics applications and in space applications. The perimeter or kernel environment, which has a performance about 15%-18%, is used to produce monocrystalline photovoltaic cells. RESUMEN Las fuentes renovables de energía son aquellas que, administradas de modo adecuado, pueden explotarse ilimitadamente, es decir, la cantidad disponible no disminuye a medida que se aprovecha. Para tener una política de desarrollo sostenido es indispensable que la mayoría de los recursos, particularmente la energía, sean del tipo renovable. El objetivo de todas las fuentes renovables, y la fotovoltaica no es la excepción, es generar energía eléctrica a bajos costos que permitan competir con la producción de energía eléctrica que se obtiene de combustibles fósiles. Fabricar celdas solares con alta eficiencia de conversión es uno de los propósitos fundamentales en aras de disminuir el precio del kWh de energía eléctrica. Una célula fotovoltaica es un semiconductor con dos capas dopadas (tipo p y tipo n). Cuando la luz incide sobre la célula, se liberan electrones y da lugar a una corriente eléctrica continua. De las obleas de silicio monocristalino obtenidas en el laboratorio, la
RESUMEN La forma más común de las celdas solares se basa en el efecto fotovoltáico, en el cual la... more RESUMEN La forma más común de las celdas solares se basa en el efecto fotovoltáico, en el cual la luz que incide sobre un dispositivo semiconductor de dos capas produce una diferencia del fotovoltaje o del potencial entre las capas. Este voltaje es capaz de conducir una corriente a través de un circuito externo de modo de producir trabajo útil, en el presente informe se da a conocer detalladamente dicho efecto y la tecnología de fabricación de celdas fotovoltáicas con el fin de promover el uso de fuentes de energía alternativas a las tradicionales.
Resumen La industria láctea es un sector de la industria que tiene como materia prima la leche pr... more Resumen La industria láctea es un sector de la industria que tiene como materia prima la leche procedente de animales (por regla general vacas. Esta es uno de los alimentos más básicos de la humanidad. Uno de los sub-productos principales de la industria láctea es el queso.Para producir quesos de buena calidad es de vital importancia tratar la leche a utilizar de una forma correcta. El queso se produce por coagulación de las proteínas de la leche, a partir de fermentos lácteos y/o cuajo. En cualquier proceso productivo es necesario el conocimiento de la correcta aplicación de los equipos para apoyar al usuario en la medición, regulación, transformación, etc., de una variable deseada. La instrumentación industrial tiene por fin medir variables así como seleccionar y calibrar instrumentos. Los instrumentos de control pueden clasificarse según su función y la variable del proceso a medir. Los instrumentos industriales se componen de las siguientes partes: elemento primario, transmisor, controlador y elemento final de control. Abstract The dairy industry is an industry whose raw milk from animals (usually cows). This is one of the staples of humanity. A major by-products of the dairy industry is the cheese .To produce a good quality cheese is vital to use milk treated in a correct way. Cheese produced by the coagulation of milk protein, from milk enzymes and / or rennet. In any production process is necessary knowledge of the correct application of equipment to support the user in the measurement, control, transformation, etc., of a desired variable. Industrial instrumentation is intended to measure variables, select and calibrates instruments. The controls instruments can classify by function and process variable to measure. Instruments consist of the following parts: primary element, transmitter, controller and final control element.
Abstrac
The objective of this article is to identify the instrumentation at ports and airports, s... more Abstrac The objective of this article is to identify the instrumentation at ports and airports, so that the reader knows the instruments operation and the importance they have to guide aircraft and ships and land circulating in these areas. These tools are essential and are part of a control of atmospheric variables that could influence the functionality of these facilities. Keywords: Instrumentation, ports, airports, aircraft
10 different papers and authors in Climate Change qualitative research for mitigation and adaptio... more 10 different papers and authors in Climate Change qualitative research for mitigation and adaption as part of the Phd in Climate Change and Sustainabiloity at University of San Carlos of Guatemala. Climatology. Water , Hidrology. Risk and disaters, Nanpotechnology for water filtration. Sustainability.
Abstract
Actually, the instrumentation is a fundamental part of industry, it is used to make more... more Abstract Actually, the instrumentation is a fundamental part of industry, it is used to make more efficient what we knew before as deficient. In this case we use the instrumentation for a description of thermal solar power generated by Stirling engines and steam plants; the Stirling machine was developed in the early twentieth century, had been forgotten, but in recent years has risen, thinking about the possible solution to global energy problems. This hot air engine has outstanding performance and was designed by Robert Stirling, for everything that it can be used even has space use, trying to supply energy to satellites and human settlements outside our planet by what has been studied by NASA and universities as ESA. This is a way of generating energy in a simple and economical way, because you do not need too much maintenance and is a powerful machine to transform energy. But this time there will not be a focus around the operation of this machine, in all its applications and its advantages and disadvantages this time will be in all the instrumentation used for the generation of solar power plants with steam. Keywords: temperature, heat, steam, solar, instrumentation, control, thermometer, pressure gauge, flow meter. Resumen En la actualidad la instrumentación es parte fundamental de la industria, pues se utiliza para hacer más eficiente lo que antes conocíamos deficiente. En este caso utilizaremos la instrumentación para hacer una descripción de la energía solar térmica, generada a través de motores Stirling y plantas de vapor; la máquina Stirling fue desarrollada a principios del siglo xx y había sido olvidada, pero en los últimos años ha resucitado, pensando en la posible solución a los problemas energéticos mundiales. Este motor de aire caliente tiene un excepcional rendimiento y fue ideado por Robert Stirling, para todo lo que este pueda ser utilizado incluso tiene uso espacial, tratando de abastecer de energía a los satélites y asentamientos humanos fuera de nuestro planeta por lo que ha sido estudiado por la NASA y universidades como ESA. Esta es una manera de generar energía de una manera sencilla y económica, dado que no necesita exceso de mantenimiento y es poderosa esta máquina para transformar la energía. Pero esta vez no será un enfoque mayormente en todo el funcionamiento de esta máquina, en todas sus aplicaciones y en sus ventajas y desventajas esta vez será en toda la instrumentación que utiliza, para la generación de energía solar térmica junto con plantas de vapor. Palabras clave: temperatura, calor, vapor, solar, instrumentación, control, termómetro, manómetro, fluxómetro.
ABSTRACT
Renewable energy sources are those that managed properly, can be exploited without limit... more ABSTRACT Renewable energy sources are those that managed properly, can be exploited without limit, that is, the amount available not decreases as exploits. To have a policy of sustainable development is essential for the majority of resources, particularly energy, are the renewable type. The aim of all renewable sources, and photovoltaics is no exception, it is to generate electricity at low costs that allow competing with the production of electrical energy obtained from fossil fuels. Manufacture solar cells with high conversion efficiency is one of the fundamental purposes in order to reduce the price per kWh of electricity. A photovoltaic cell is a semiconductor with two doped layers (p-type and n-type). When light shines on the cell, electrons are released and results in an electric current. Of monocrystalline silicon wafers obtained in the laboratory, higher yielding portion (the core material) 25% to 30% is used in electronics applications and in space applications. The perimeter or kernel environment, which has a performance about 15% - 18%, is used to produce monocrystalline photovoltaic cells. Keywords: Renewable, Photovoltaic Energy, Cells, Solar. RESUMEN
ABSTRACT
This article aims to inform what kind of instrumentation and control must be in a wind p... more ABSTRACT This article aims to inform what kind of instrumentation and control must be in a wind power generating plant. It has a structure which twelve pages were made with the relationship at work and investigation of this type of industry. In the first pages you can find the parameters and activities that should be considered and appropriate instrumentation to perform different activities, intermediate pages are beginning to address the issue of control that best suits the system wind power generation Keywords: Onshore, TLC, TCM, instrumentation, turbine, turbine, Tip Speed Ratio (TSR), power coefficient (Cp), anemometer, Instruments, energy generation.
Abstract
Hospitals are environments that require strict control of many variables, such as steam,... more Abstract Hospitals are environments that require strict control of many variables, such as steam, air quality, temperature facilities, fire and radiation emissions. This control is necessary because the health and lives of many people is at stake, therefore reducing risk and minimize unsanitary conditions is vital. The use of automated systems, such as smoke detection and alarm implied, and systems requiring human intervention, such as measuring radiation, to have all the variables under acceptable levels and also to keep a historical record is necessary projected to unusual behavior of the variables, with outstanding control charts. Keywords: Industrial Instrumentation, Hospital, Mechanical, Engineering, Health
Abstract
In this research we are studying the improve of health of people by application of ne... more Abstract In this research we are studying the improve of health of people by application of new technologies in water and wastewater treatment as Nanotechnology in Guatemala, Central America and other parts of the world affected with pollution of rivers, lakes, underground water resources and scarcity of purified drinking water. The drought, flooding, and the negatives effects of Climate Change have worsened the situation for millions of people. According to UN there are more that 1000 million people without access to purified water. Nanotechnology will be a part of the solution for drinking water access around the World and the effect in health and biodiversity. Keywords: Climate Change. Nanotechnology. Water. Health. Nano filtration. 1 Profesor Investigador, Facultad de Ingeniería, USAC. Maestría en Ingeniería Mecánica y Nanotecnología. Cursante Doctorado en Cambio Climático y Sostenibilidad Contacto: [email protected]
In this study we have fabricated different combinations of aluminium powder, epoxy and carbon nan... more In this study we have fabricated different combinations of aluminium powder, epoxy and carbon nano tubes to have a novel material with better structural properties, especially for small and medium size wind turbines in the Rank of 0.100 to 100 Kilowatts, for functionalization we modified the surface of aluminium powder and nanotubes with 3 aminopropyltriethoxysilane to have a bonding and adhesion with the epoxy and aluminium-nanotubes in the particulate Nano composite tensile, flexion, hardness test were performed in Universal testing machine and Vickers hardener tester, stress-strain curves of different combinations of particles and materials in the Nano composites and also compared with the standard materials utilized to fabricate the blades like, Nylon 6, carbon fiber, fiber glass are showed after the results of the different tests. Toughness, ductility, bending were studied to analyze which materials have better performance in some sizes and powers of wind turbines.
Different papers in Instrumentation and control nanosensors, nanotriblogy, in spanish from school... more Different papers in Instrumentation and control nanosensors, nanotriblogy, in spanish from school of mechanical engineering University of San Carlos of Guatemala
Aritcles in mechanical engineering, instrumentation, meterology, waste water treatment, biogas, m... more Aritcles in mechanical engineering, instrumentation, meterology, waste water treatment, biogas, methane,
RESUMEN Con el fin de analizar los resultados obtenidos de los ensayos destructivos de probetas d... more RESUMEN Con el fin de analizar los resultados obtenidos de los ensayos destructivos de probetas de hierro colado, y con aleaciones de cobre, zinc y estaño, por medio de Mecánica de Fracturas, utilizando el primer modelo del Balance Energético de Griffith, se procedió a diseñar y elaborar dichas probetas, para lo cual, primero se compraron los materiales existentes en Guatemala, los cuales eran hierro colado y cobre; y se importaron los materiales inexistentes en Guatemala, es decir, el zinc se importó de Estados Unidos, y el estaño se importó de Alemania. A continuación se realizó la fundición de los materiales para realizar las respectivas aleaciones, lo cual se hizo en el horno cubilote de la Fundidora Ramírez, ubicada en la zona 7 de la Ciudad de Guatemala, una vez obtenidas las placas fundidas y aleadas, se tornearon hasta conseguir la forma precisa de probeta que conseguía ser ajustada en la, lugar donde se realizarían las pruebas. Al tener las probetas maquinadas, se hicieron los ensayos anteriormente mencionados, para analizar los resultados y poder obtener conclusiones. ABSTRACT In order to analyze the results that have been obtained from the destructive testing of cast iron specimens, with copper, zinc, and tin alloys by means of fracture mechanics, using the first Energy Production Griffith model, we proceeded to design and elaborate such specimens, therefore, the first thing was buying the existing materials in Guatemala, which were cast iron and copper; and materials nonexisting in Guatemala, such as zinc, was imported from United States, and tin, was imported from Germany. Hereinafter, the casting iron materials was performed so the respective alloys could be done which was done in the cupola furnace of the Fundidora Ramirez, located in Zone 7 of Guatemala City after obtaining the castings and alloyed plates, they were lathed until the precise shape of specimen was obtained, that way it could be adjusted in the Universal testing Machine from the Mechanical Engineering School at the University San Carlos de
La nanotecnología es la aplicación del comportamiento de ciertas partículas y materiales en escal... more La nanotecnología es la aplicación del comportamiento de ciertas partículas y materiales en escala nano 10 –9 metros. En filtración y tratamiento de contaminantes en el agua para consumo humano y otros usos se utilizan varios sistemas nano membranas, nano fibras, nano bentonita, nanotubos de carbono, grafeno, nano partículas de plata, nano cerámicos, nano celulosa.
Resumen Como parte de las soluciones a los efectos del incremento de gases de efecto invernadero,... more Resumen Como parte de las soluciones a los efectos del incremento de gases de efecto invernadero, el calentamiento global, el cambio climático y la utilización eficiente de los recursos renovables de energía hemos encontrado la energía eólica residencial. Las ventajas son menor costo de inversión inicial, el tiempo de recuperación de la inversión es menor que una granja eólica, el impacto ambiental visual, ruido y a las poblaciones de aves es mínimo, además contribuye a la economía familiar y rentabilidad de pequeños negocios con la reducción del pago mensual de la factura por consumo de electricidad. En este artículo mostramos los 2 sistemas utilizados en generación por medio de turbinas eólicas residenciales como son el sistema independiente con baterías de almacenamiento Off-grid y el sistema con contador bidireccional inyectando energía al sistema On-grid. Además los equipos de conversión de energía Alterna-Directa-Alterna (AC-DC-AC) con inversores y controladores de corriente y voltaje. Palabras Claves: Energía. Aerogenerador. Eficiencia. Cambio Climático. Abstract As part of the solutions for global warming, greenhouse emissions, climate change and efficient use of renewable energy resources we found small wind turbines. Some of the advantages to use this technology are the return of investment is in short time, impact on environmental, bird populations, noise and visual is far less compared to big wind farms; add reduce the cost for electricity bills in families and increase the profit in small business. We show the 2 systems utilized in wind power off-grid with batteries and on-grid, including the energy conversion equipment like inverters and controllers AC-DC-AC for current and voltage.
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Papers by Kavic Eng.c.c.
Key words: Nanomembranes, Carbon Nanotubes, nanofiltration, Ecolli, Electroseparation.
Las plantas de tratamiento que existen utilizan tecnologías contaminantes, son altas en uso de energía y producen desechos tóxicos como resultado de su operación.
Para ir construyendo una infraestructura urbana sustentable, es necesario optar por tecnología alternativa que permita reutilizar los caudales y/o regresarlos a la naturaleza con buena calidad.
Palabras clave: Eficiencia Energética, Ahorro Energético, Supermercado, Climatización, Consumo Energético
The objective of this article is to identify the instrumentation at ports and airports, so that the reader knows the instruments operation and the importance they have to guide aircraft and ships and land circulating in these areas.
These tools are essential and are part of a control of atmospheric variables that could influence the functionality of these facilities.
Keywords:
Instrumentation, ports, airports, aircraft
Actually, the instrumentation is a fundamental part of industry, it is used to make more efficient what we knew before as deficient. In this case we use the instrumentation for a description of thermal solar power generated by Stirling engines and steam plants; the Stirling machine was developed in the early twentieth century, had been forgotten, but in recent years has risen, thinking about the possible solution to global energy problems. This hot air engine has outstanding performance and was designed by Robert Stirling, for everything that it can be used even has space use, trying to supply energy to satellites and human settlements outside our planet by what has been studied by NASA and universities as ESA. This is a way of generating energy in a simple and economical way, because you do not need too much maintenance and is a powerful machine to transform energy. But this time there will not be a focus around the operation of this machine, in all its applications and its advantages and disadvantages this time will be in all the instrumentation used for the generation of solar power plants with steam.
Keywords: temperature, heat, steam, solar, instrumentation, control, thermometer, pressure gauge, flow meter.
Resumen
En la actualidad la instrumentación es parte fundamental de la industria, pues se utiliza para hacer más eficiente lo que antes conocíamos deficiente. En este caso utilizaremos la instrumentación para hacer una descripción de la energía solar térmica, generada a través de motores Stirling y plantas de vapor; la máquina Stirling fue desarrollada a principios del siglo xx y había sido olvidada, pero en los últimos años ha resucitado, pensando en la posible solución a los problemas energéticos mundiales. Este motor de aire caliente tiene un excepcional rendimiento y fue ideado por Robert Stirling, para todo lo que este pueda ser utilizado incluso tiene uso espacial, tratando de abastecer de energía a los satélites y asentamientos humanos fuera de nuestro planeta por lo que ha sido estudiado por la NASA y universidades como ESA. Esta es una manera de generar energía de una manera sencilla y económica, dado que no necesita exceso de mantenimiento y es poderosa esta máquina para transformar la energía. Pero esta vez no será un enfoque mayormente en todo el funcionamiento de esta máquina, en todas sus aplicaciones y en sus ventajas y desventajas esta vez será en toda la instrumentación que utiliza, para la generación de energía solar térmica junto con plantas de vapor.
Palabras clave: temperatura, calor, vapor, solar, instrumentación, control, termómetro, manómetro, fluxómetro.
Renewable energy sources are those that managed properly, can be exploited without limit, that is, the amount available not decreases as exploits. To have a policy of sustainable development is essential for the majority of resources, particularly energy, are the renewable type. The aim of all renewable sources, and photovoltaics is no exception, it is to generate electricity at low costs that allow competing with the production of electrical energy obtained from fossil fuels. Manufacture solar cells with high conversion efficiency is one of the fundamental purposes in order to reduce the price per kWh of electricity. A photovoltaic cell is a semiconductor with two doped layers (p-type and n-type). When light shines on the cell, electrons are released and results in an electric current. Of monocrystalline silicon wafers obtained in the laboratory, higher yielding portion (the core material) 25% to 30% is used in electronics applications and in space applications. The perimeter or kernel environment, which has a performance about 15% - 18%, is used to produce monocrystalline photovoltaic cells.
Keywords: Renewable, Photovoltaic Energy, Cells, Solar.
RESUMEN
This article aims to inform what kind of instrumentation and control must be in a wind power generating plant. It has a structure which twelve pages were made with the relationship at work and investigation of this type of industry. In the first pages you can find the parameters and activities that should be considered and appropriate instrumentation to perform different activities, intermediate pages are beginning to address the issue of control that best suits the system wind power generation
Keywords: Onshore, TLC, TCM, instrumentation, turbine, turbine, Tip Speed Ratio (TSR), power coefficient (Cp), anemometer, Instruments, energy generation.
Hospitals are environments that require strict control of many variables, such as steam, air
quality, temperature facilities, fire and radiation emissions. This control is necessary because
the health and lives of many people is at stake, therefore reducing risk and minimize
unsanitary conditions is vital. The use of automated systems, such as smoke detection and
alarm implied, and systems requiring human intervention, such as measuring radiation, to
have all the variables under acceptable levels and also to keep a historical record is necessary
projected to unusual behavior of the variables, with outstanding control charts.
Keywords: Industrial Instrumentation, Hospital, Mechanical, Engineering, Health
In this research we are studying the improve of health of people by application of new technologies in water and wastewater treatment as Nanotechnology in Guatemala, Central America and other parts of the world affected with pollution of rivers, lakes, underground water resources and scarcity of purified drinking water. The drought, flooding, and the negatives effects of Climate Change have worsened the situation for millions of people. According to UN there are more that 1000 million people without access to purified water. Nanotechnology will be a part of the solution for drinking water access around the World and the effect in health and biodiversity.
Keywords: Climate Change. Nanotechnology. Water. Health. Nano filtration.
1 Profesor Investigador, Facultad de Ingeniería, USAC. Maestría en Ingeniería Mecánica y Nanotecnología. Cursante Doctorado en Cambio Climático y Sostenibilidad Contacto: [email protected]
Key words: Nanomembranes, Carbon Nanotubes, nanofiltration, Ecolli, Electroseparation.
Las plantas de tratamiento que existen utilizan tecnologías contaminantes, son altas en uso de energía y producen desechos tóxicos como resultado de su operación.
Para ir construyendo una infraestructura urbana sustentable, es necesario optar por tecnología alternativa que permita reutilizar los caudales y/o regresarlos a la naturaleza con buena calidad.
Palabras clave: Eficiencia Energética, Ahorro Energético, Supermercado, Climatización, Consumo Energético
The objective of this article is to identify the instrumentation at ports and airports, so that the reader knows the instruments operation and the importance they have to guide aircraft and ships and land circulating in these areas.
These tools are essential and are part of a control of atmospheric variables that could influence the functionality of these facilities.
Keywords:
Instrumentation, ports, airports, aircraft
Actually, the instrumentation is a fundamental part of industry, it is used to make more efficient what we knew before as deficient. In this case we use the instrumentation for a description of thermal solar power generated by Stirling engines and steam plants; the Stirling machine was developed in the early twentieth century, had been forgotten, but in recent years has risen, thinking about the possible solution to global energy problems. This hot air engine has outstanding performance and was designed by Robert Stirling, for everything that it can be used even has space use, trying to supply energy to satellites and human settlements outside our planet by what has been studied by NASA and universities as ESA. This is a way of generating energy in a simple and economical way, because you do not need too much maintenance and is a powerful machine to transform energy. But this time there will not be a focus around the operation of this machine, in all its applications and its advantages and disadvantages this time will be in all the instrumentation used for the generation of solar power plants with steam.
Keywords: temperature, heat, steam, solar, instrumentation, control, thermometer, pressure gauge, flow meter.
Resumen
En la actualidad la instrumentación es parte fundamental de la industria, pues se utiliza para hacer más eficiente lo que antes conocíamos deficiente. En este caso utilizaremos la instrumentación para hacer una descripción de la energía solar térmica, generada a través de motores Stirling y plantas de vapor; la máquina Stirling fue desarrollada a principios del siglo xx y había sido olvidada, pero en los últimos años ha resucitado, pensando en la posible solución a los problemas energéticos mundiales. Este motor de aire caliente tiene un excepcional rendimiento y fue ideado por Robert Stirling, para todo lo que este pueda ser utilizado incluso tiene uso espacial, tratando de abastecer de energía a los satélites y asentamientos humanos fuera de nuestro planeta por lo que ha sido estudiado por la NASA y universidades como ESA. Esta es una manera de generar energía de una manera sencilla y económica, dado que no necesita exceso de mantenimiento y es poderosa esta máquina para transformar la energía. Pero esta vez no será un enfoque mayormente en todo el funcionamiento de esta máquina, en todas sus aplicaciones y en sus ventajas y desventajas esta vez será en toda la instrumentación que utiliza, para la generación de energía solar térmica junto con plantas de vapor.
Palabras clave: temperatura, calor, vapor, solar, instrumentación, control, termómetro, manómetro, fluxómetro.
Renewable energy sources are those that managed properly, can be exploited without limit, that is, the amount available not decreases as exploits. To have a policy of sustainable development is essential for the majority of resources, particularly energy, are the renewable type. The aim of all renewable sources, and photovoltaics is no exception, it is to generate electricity at low costs that allow competing with the production of electrical energy obtained from fossil fuels. Manufacture solar cells with high conversion efficiency is one of the fundamental purposes in order to reduce the price per kWh of electricity. A photovoltaic cell is a semiconductor with two doped layers (p-type and n-type). When light shines on the cell, electrons are released and results in an electric current. Of monocrystalline silicon wafers obtained in the laboratory, higher yielding portion (the core material) 25% to 30% is used in electronics applications and in space applications. The perimeter or kernel environment, which has a performance about 15% - 18%, is used to produce monocrystalline photovoltaic cells.
Keywords: Renewable, Photovoltaic Energy, Cells, Solar.
RESUMEN
This article aims to inform what kind of instrumentation and control must be in a wind power generating plant. It has a structure which twelve pages were made with the relationship at work and investigation of this type of industry. In the first pages you can find the parameters and activities that should be considered and appropriate instrumentation to perform different activities, intermediate pages are beginning to address the issue of control that best suits the system wind power generation
Keywords: Onshore, TLC, TCM, instrumentation, turbine, turbine, Tip Speed Ratio (TSR), power coefficient (Cp), anemometer, Instruments, energy generation.
Hospitals are environments that require strict control of many variables, such as steam, air
quality, temperature facilities, fire and radiation emissions. This control is necessary because
the health and lives of many people is at stake, therefore reducing risk and minimize
unsanitary conditions is vital. The use of automated systems, such as smoke detection and
alarm implied, and systems requiring human intervention, such as measuring radiation, to
have all the variables under acceptable levels and also to keep a historical record is necessary
projected to unusual behavior of the variables, with outstanding control charts.
Keywords: Industrial Instrumentation, Hospital, Mechanical, Engineering, Health
In this research we are studying the improve of health of people by application of new technologies in water and wastewater treatment as Nanotechnology in Guatemala, Central America and other parts of the world affected with pollution of rivers, lakes, underground water resources and scarcity of purified drinking water. The drought, flooding, and the negatives effects of Climate Change have worsened the situation for millions of people. According to UN there are more that 1000 million people without access to purified water. Nanotechnology will be a part of the solution for drinking water access around the World and the effect in health and biodiversity.
Keywords: Climate Change. Nanotechnology. Water. Health. Nano filtration.
1 Profesor Investigador, Facultad de Ingeniería, USAC. Maestría en Ingeniería Mecánica y Nanotecnología. Cursante Doctorado en Cambio Climático y Sostenibilidad Contacto: [email protected]