Universidad del Salvador (USAL)
PSICOPEDAGOGIA
Discrimination of and memory for others’ generous and selfish behaviors could be adaptive abilities in social animals. Dogs have seemingly expressed such skills in both direct and indirect interactions with humans. However, recent studies... more
Discrimination of and memory for others’ generous and selfish behaviors could be adaptive abilities in social animals. Dogs have seemingly expressed such skills in both direct and indirect interactions with humans. However, recent studies suggest that their capacity may rely on cues other than people’s individual characteristics, such as the place where the person stands. Thus, the conditions under which dogs recognize individual humans when solving cooperative tasks still remains unclear. With the aim of contributing to this problem, we made dogs interact with two human experimenters, one generous (pointed towards the food, gave ostensive cues, and allowed the dog to eat it) and the other selfish (pointed towards the food, but ate it before the dog could have it). Then subjects could choose between them (studies 1-3). In study 1, dogs took several training trials to learn the discrimination between the generous and the selfish experimenters when both were of the same gender. In study 2, the discrimination was learned faster when the experimenters were of different gender as evidenced both by dogs’ latencies to approach the bowl in training trials as well as by their choices in preference tests. Nevertheless, dogs did not get confused by gender when the experimenters were changed in between the training and the choice phase in study 3. We conclude that dogs spontaneously used human gender as a cue to discriminate between more and less cooperative experimenters. They also relied on some other personal feature which let them avoid being confused by gender when demonstrators were changed. We discuss these results in terms of dogs’ ability to recognize individuals and the potential advantage of this skill for their lives in human environments.
Discrimination of and memory for others’ generous and selfish behaviors could be adaptive abilities in social animals. Dogs have seemingly expressed such skills in both direct and indirect interactions with humans. However, recent studies... more
Discrimination of and memory for others’ generous and selfish behaviors could be adaptive abilities in social animals. Dogs have seemingly expressed such skills in both direct and indirect interactions with humans. However, recent studies suggest that their capacity may rely on cues other than people’s individual characteristics, such as the place where the person stands. Thus, the conditions under which dogs recognize individual humans when solving
cooperative tasks still remains unclear. With the aim of contributing to this problem, we made dogs interact with two human experimenters, one generous (pointed towards the
food, gave ostensive cues, and allowed the dog to eat it) and the other selfish (pointed towards the food, but ate it before the dog could have it). Then subjects could choose between
them (studies 1-3). In study 1, dogs took several training trials to learn the discrimination between the generous and the selfish experimenters when both were of the same gender. In
study 2, the discrimination was learned faster when the experimenters were of different gender as evidenced both by dogs’ latencies to approach the bowl in training trials as well as by their choices in preference tests. Nevertheless, dogs did not get confused by gender when the experimenters were changed in between the training and the choice phase in study 3. We conclude that dogs spontaneously used human gender as a cue to discriminate between more and less cooperative experimenters. They also relied on some other personal feature which let them avoid being confused by gender when demonstrators were changed. We discuss these results in terms of dogs’ ability to recognize individuals and the potential advantage of this skill for their lives in human environments.
cooperative tasks still remains unclear. With the aim of contributing to this problem, we made dogs interact with two human experimenters, one generous (pointed towards the
food, gave ostensive cues, and allowed the dog to eat it) and the other selfish (pointed towards the food, but ate it before the dog could have it). Then subjects could choose between
them (studies 1-3). In study 1, dogs took several training trials to learn the discrimination between the generous and the selfish experimenters when both were of the same gender. In
study 2, the discrimination was learned faster when the experimenters were of different gender as evidenced both by dogs’ latencies to approach the bowl in training trials as well as by their choices in preference tests. Nevertheless, dogs did not get confused by gender when the experimenters were changed in between the training and the choice phase in study 3. We conclude that dogs spontaneously used human gender as a cue to discriminate between more and less cooperative experimenters. They also relied on some other personal feature which let them avoid being confused by gender when demonstrators were changed. We discuss these results in terms of dogs’ ability to recognize individuals and the potential advantage of this skill for their lives in human environments.
- by Fabricio Carballo and +2
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- Social Cognition, Dogs
Ideas to work with adolescents at school
Aportes para seguir construyendo los dispositivos de las Mesas de Participación en el marco de la Comunicación Nº 3/10
" Somos culpables de muchos errores y faltas, pero nuestro mayor delito es abandonar a los niños… Muchas cosas pueden esperar. El niño NO. Ahora es el momento en que sus huesos se forman, su sangre se constituye y sus sentidos se... more
" Somos culpables de muchos errores y faltas, pero nuestro mayor delito es abandonar a los niños… Muchas cosas pueden esperar. El niño NO. Ahora es el momento en que sus huesos se forman, su sangre se constituye y sus sentidos se desarrollan… No le podemos contestar mañana, su nombre es HOY…" Gabriela Mistral Introducción El abuso sexual infantil no es un problema reciente. En mayor o menor medida los maltra-tos a la infancia son una constante histórica que se produce en todas las culturas, en todas las sociedades y en cualquier estrato social. Este fenómeno provoca importantes y perdurables efectos sociales, físicos y psicológicos, tanto a corto como a largo plazo, y lejos de creer que se tratan de hechos aislados, debemos comprender que este delito ocurre en mayor proporción dentro de la familia. Esa institución que debería ser sinónimo de protección, afecto y cuidado… "Las situaciones de abuso sexual a la infancia por la densidad que poseen, despiertan en nosotros algo que tiene que ver con el orden del horror "-1-… Cuesta creer en su existencia …"porque la tendencia histórica fue encubrir, negar, minimizar su frecuencia y sus efectos, silenciar ….-2-". Sin embargo, y a pesar que en Argentina no existen estadísticas serias sobre la incidencia y magnitud, estos hechos siniestros ocurren cotidianamente sin discriminar condiciones so-cioeconómicas ni académicas. Esto se ve reflejado en las innumerables denuncias que llegan al Departamento de Prevención y Protección contra la violencia familiar y el maltrato infantil-3-, lugar donde desarrolle mi práctica del último año de la carrera de trabajo social.-1-Véase: Parra, José Luis. "Estudio de caso: contaminación masiva en Rojas año 2004. Ecuación latinLic. Carmen frías (trabajadora Social) Bs. As-2003-2-Rozanski, Carlos A.;¿ Denunciar o silenciar?-Crónica Actual, Bs.As, 2003-3-Institución dependiente de la Dirección de niñez, adolescencia y familiar. Ministerio de Desarrollo Social. Tucumán Trabajo final de tesis
- by Maria Rodriguez
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