Papers by Brandon Alderman
It is generally accepted that women tend to ruminate more than men do and these thought patterns ... more It is generally accepted that women tend to ruminate more than men do and these thought patterns are often associated with depressive symptoms . Based on these findings, we considered whether the relationship between rumination and depression is stronger in women than in men and if so, whether this might explain the higher prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in women and finally, whether the association can be disrupted through a mind/body intervention. Adult men and women, most of whom were clinically depressed, participated in an intervention known as MAP Training, which combines "mental" training with silent meditation and "physical" training with aerobic exercise . After eight weeks of training, both men and women reported significantly fewer symptoms of depression and fewer ruminative thoughts (Alderman et al., 2016). Statistical correlations between depressive symptoms and ruminative thoughts were strong and significant (rho > 0.50; p < 0.05) for both men and women before and after MAP Training. However, only in women did depressive symptoms relate to "reflective" ruminations, which involve analyses of past events, feelings, and behaviors. This is also the only relationship that dissipated after the intervention. In general, these analyses suggest that the strength of the relationship between depressive symptoms and rumination does not necessarily explain sex differences in depression; but because the relationship is strong, targeting rumination through intervention can reduce the incidence of MDD, which is more prevalent among women. V C 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mental and physical (MAP) training is a novel clinical intervention that combines mental training... more Mental and physical (MAP) training is a novel clinical intervention that combines mental training through meditation and physical training through aerobic exercise. The intervention was translated from neuroscientific studies indicating that MAP training increases neurogenesis in the adult brain. Each session consisted of 30 min of focused-attention (FA) meditation and 30 min of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. Fifty-two participants completed the 8-week intervention, which consisted of two sessions per week. Following the intervention, individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 22) reported significantly less depressive symptoms and ruminative thoughts. Typical healthy individuals (n = 30) also reported less depressive symptoms at follow-up. Behavioral and event-related potential indices of cognitive control were collected at baseline and follow-up during a modified flanker task. Following MAP training, N2 and P3 component amplitudes increased relative to baseline, especially among individuals with MDD. These data indicate enhanced neural responses during the detection and resolution of conflicting stimuli. Although previous research has supported the individual beneficial effects of aerobic exercise and meditation for depression, these findings indicate that a combination of the two may be particularly effective in increasing cognitive control processes and decreasing ruminative thought patterns.
Journal of Sport and Health Science, 2015
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of acute exercise on motor respon... more Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of acute exercise on motor response inhibition using both behavioral and electrophysiological approaches. Methods: The P3 and N1 event-related potential (ERP) components were recorded while performing a stop-signal task in 21 college students following a moderately intense acute exercise bout for 30 min and a sedentary control session that involved reading. Results: Acute exercise induced a shorter stop signal response time (SSRT) as compared to control; however, the go response time (Go RT) remained unchanged. In examining the ERP data, acute exercise increased both P3 amplitude and latency but did not affect the N1 component. Conclusion: Acute exercise has a selective and beneficial effect on cognitive function, specifically affecting the motor response inhibition aspect of executive function. Furthermore, acute exercise predominately impacts later stages of information processing during motor response inhibition, which may lead to an increase in attentional resource allocation and confer the ability to successfully withhold a response to achieve motor response inhibition.
Journal of Applied Physiology, 2014
Henderson GC, Alderman BL. Determinants of resting lipid oxidation in response to a prior bout of... more Henderson GC, Alderman BL. Determinants of resting lipid oxidation in response to a prior bout of endurance exercise. A single bout of exercise can alter subsequent resting metabolism for many hours and into the next day. However, differences between men and women, effects of nutritional state, and relative effects of resting metabolic rate (RMR) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) in controlling the increase in lipid oxidation (Lox) after exercise are not yet clear. Effects of aerobic capacity (V O2 peak) and exercise bout parameters (intensity and volume) also remain to be clearly elucidated as does the time course of changes after exercise. We performed a meta-analysis to assess these potential moderators of the impact of endurance exercise [effect sizes (ESs)] on subsequent Lox at rest (ES ϭ 0.91; 95% CI: 0.69 -1.12), on the day of exercise (ES ϭ 1.22; 95% CI: 0.89 -1.55), and on the following day (ES ϭ 0.60; 95% CI: 0.35-0.85). ES for the exerciserelated increase in resting Lox was significantly greater in men than women in the postabsorptive state but similar in the postprandial state. The ES for depression of RER after exercise was similar between men and women, while the ES for RMR in the postabsorptive state tended to be higher in men than women. Finally, V O2 peak and exercise energy expenditure (EEE), but not intensity, were predictive of postexercise Lox. The findings indicate importance of EEE and fitness for ability to achieve robust enhancement of Lox after exercise. The results additionally indicate a gender difference in postexercise Lox that is dependent on nutritional state, as the ES for Lox was lower in women only in the postabsorptive state. meta-analysis; fuel metabolism; substrate oxidation; sex; sex-based differences
ABSTRACT Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wyoming, 2000. Includes bibliographical references (leaves ... more ABSTRACT Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wyoming, 2000. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-64).
Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, Jul 1, 2011
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 02701367 2004 10609174, Feb 25, 2013
The purpose of this study was to quantitatively combine and examine the results of studies examin... more The purpose of this study was to quantitatively combine and examine the results of studies examining the effectiveness of periodized (PER) compared to nonperiodized (Non-PER) training programs for strength and/or power development. Two analyses were conducted to (a) examine the magnitude of treatment effect elicited by PER strength training programs compared to Non-PER programs and (b) compare these effects after controlling for training volume, frequency, and intensity. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were coded based on characteristics that might moderate the overall effects (i.e., participant characteristics and characteristics related to the training program). Effect sizes (ESs) were calculated for each study, and an overall ES of 0.84 (± 1.41) favoring PER training was found. Further analyses identified the treatment effect specific to training variation to be ES = 0.25. Significant moderating variables included age, training status, and length of training program. As a result of this statistical review of the literature, it is concluded that PER training is more effective than Non-PER training for men and women, individuals of varying training backgrounds, and for all age groups. In line with the overload principle, additions to volume, intensity, and frequency result in additional training adaptations.
Comparative Exercise Physiology
We investigated the effects of listening to medium-to-fast tempo asynchronous music on performanc... more We investigated the effects of listening to medium-to-fast tempo asynchronous music on performance, heart rate (HR), perceived exertion, and affect during an acute bout of swimming at a self-selected pace. Healthy college-aged recreational swimmers (n=20; M age =20.3±2.0 years) were studied on two occasions in randomised order: swimming 1,200 m while listening to music (125-140 beats per minute) or during a no-music control trial. Following a period of habituation to the SwiMP3 audio player, HR, rating of perceived exertion, feeling scale responses and performance time trials were assessed for each 200 m during the 1,200 m freestyle swimming trial, each interspersed with a one min rest period. Participants swam significantly faster during the asynchronous music condition relative to control (P<0.01, η 2 p =0.32). Although music had no significant influence on perceived exertion, the music condition was associated with more favourable arousal (P<0.01, η 2 p =0.40) and affective (P<0.05, η 2 p =0.19) responses. These findings suggest that both recreational and competitive swimmers may benefit from the use of underwater MP3 players and music.
Obesity affects over one-third of the U.S. adult population and is associated with significant in... more Obesity affects over one-third of the U.S. adult population and is associated with significant increase in disease risk. Until recently, little was known about the relation between obesity and cognitive function. Obesity has been associated with reduced grey matter volume in the orbital frontal cortex and decreased activation of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), brain regions critical to cognitive control. A more sensitive approach to investigating these relationships is through the combined use of behavioral and electrophysiological methods. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between obesity and response monitoring. We compared cognitive control in normal weight, overweight, and obese men and women using a modified version of the Simon Task while recording response-locked event-related potentials (ERPs). Response monitoring was examined through the error-related negativity (ERN) and positivity (Pe). Behavioral task performance was assessed through response ...
Encyclopedia of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2014
Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 2008
... Participants were first-through fifth-grade students attending two elementary schools in the ... more ... Participants were first-through fifth-grade students attending two elementary schools in the southern United States. Boys in this study were more active than girls, regardless of season. ... Education Level: Elementary Education; Grade 1; Grade 2; Grade 3; Grade 4; Grade 5. ...
Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 2004
Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 2012
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2007
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2011
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2004
Biological Psychology, 2014
This aim of the present study was to investigate relationships between aerobic fitness, sympathet... more This aim of the present study was to investigate relationships between aerobic fitness, sympathetic and parasympathetic cardiac control using pre-ejection period (PEP) and high frequency heart rate variability (HF HRV), and performance on a task requiring variable amounts of cognitive control. Fifty-six participants completed a modified-version of the Eriksen flanker task while PEP and HF HRV were collected. A graded maximal exercise test was subsequently used to measure aerobic fitness by assessing maximal oxygen uptake. Results indicated a significant relation of fitness to reaction time performance. Although no fitness differences were observed in resting state PEP or HF HRV, higher fit adults exhibited greater taskinduced parasympathetic cardiac control. However, no significant mediation was found for HF HRV on the fitness-cognitive control relationship, suggesting other mediators may be important. These findings highlight the role of aerobic fitness in enhancing integrated autonomic and neurocognitive health.
ABSTRACT Thesis (Ph. D.)--Arizona State University, 2004. Includes bibliographical references (le... more ABSTRACT Thesis (Ph. D.)--Arizona State University, 2004. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [46]-57).
... Kenneth S. Urakawa, Daniel M. Landers, Brandon L. Alderman, Tracie J. Rogers and Shawn M. Are... more ... Kenneth S. Urakawa, Daniel M. Landers, Brandon L. Alderman, Tracie J. Rogers and Shawn M. Arent Arizona State University E-mail: Landers@asu ... played sport in the world and is rapidly gaining in popularity in the United States (Jordan, Green, Galanty, Mandelbaum, &amp; Jabour ...
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Papers by Brandon Alderman