Papers by Kamo Chilingaryan
Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Теория языка. Семиотика. Семантика, Mar 1, 2021
Аннотация. Проведено комплексное исследование этапов становления и развития корпусной лингвистики... more Аннотация. Проведено комплексное исследование этапов становления и развития корпусной лингвистики. Целью статьи является анализ научных подходов к вопросу научной значимости рассматриваемой лингвистической дисциплины, а также выявление комплекса понятий и критериев, составляющих фундамент данного направления. Корпусная лингвистика представляет собой одну из наиболее перспективных и быстро развивающихся областей языковых исследований. Лингвистика XIX века ставила своей целью изучение языка как такового, лингвистика XXI века видит актуальность исследования не в выявлении абсолютных лингвистических категорий и значений, но в практическом применении лингвистических знаний. Актуальность представляемой статьи определяется тем, что в лингвистических корпусах заложен огромный потенциал, который еще не в полной мере осмыслен научным сообществом, хотя бы в силу того, что текст — основной объект корпусной лингвистики — в различных формах своей реализации представляет собой одну из главных составляющих системы языка и речемыслительной деятельности современного носителя языка. Содержание и объем лингвистических корпусов различного рода позволяет получать достоверную информацию об актуальном и реальном использовании того или иного термина: корпус становится инструментом анализа функционирования этого термина как в лингвистической области (морфологии, синтаксиса и лексики), так и в теории и практике перевода, идентифицируя регистр его формального или неформального узуса. Принципиальная новизна результатов данного исследования позволяет говорить о правомерности создания корпусных словарей и корпусных грамматик нового поколения, разработанных и верифицированных по отношению к конкретному фиксированному корпусу. Одновременно обосновывается положение о том, что корпусный характер словарей и грамматик повышает их надежность, достоверность и объективность и позволяет избежать субъективности, которая нередко свойственна исследованиям, опирающимся исключительно на интуицию лингвиста. Корпус является средой для получения новых научных данных, осмысление которых представляется приоритетным для современного лингвистического описания и абсолютно необходимым в научной деятельности современного исследователя. Новизна проведенного анализа заключается в том, подтверждена целесообразность корпусных исследований как сущностное требование времени, связанное с новым качеством лингвистической реальности и отвечающее потребностям современного общества. В статье рассматриваются основные этапы становления корпусной лингвистики как научного направления, характеризуются научные представления и подходы,
присущие каждому из этих этапов, представляется обзор основных понятийных положений корпусной лингвистики в рамках отечественного и зарубежного языкознания. Автор подробно анализирует полемику между представителями различных научных направлений и выявляет преимущества того или иного подхода, прослеживает сходства и различия между подходами к изучению корпусов на различных исторических этапах становления изучаемого
научного направления. В фокусе обзора роль и место корпусных исследований языка в современной лингвистике, сопоставление аргументов pro и contra применения корпусных технологий в лингвистическом описании. Значительное внимание обращается на основные критерии классификации корпусов, предлагается краткий обзор наиболее известных в истории корпусов, а также обсуждаются перспективы их использования в различных областях современной науки о языке.
ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ КАТЕГОРИИ СКЛОНЕНИЯ СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫХ В РУССКОМ И АРМЯНСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ
Филологические науки. Вопросы теории и практики, 2021
Education and New Developments 2020, Jun 26, 2020
Glocality today is a universal form of reflection of contemporary reality and, as a category of s... more Glocality today is a universal form of reflection of contemporary reality and, as a category of social philosophy, dialectically connects the concepts of "global" and "local." The terms "glocality," "glocalization," and "glocal" have their definitions and are actively used to describe and analyze the corresponding phenomena occurring in the life of society. Some events in the life of modern society can be explained only with the help of the concept of "glocality." In this work, the authors set the goal of analyzing the nature of the interaction between global and local and identifying the possibilities for their harmonious coexistence. The research methodology determined the purpose and focus of the work. The authors conducted a comprehensive analysis of examples, which are a synergy of global and local characteristics of the existence of human society. In the course of the work, various methods were used, the main of which was inductive empirical, which consists in observing, fixing, generalizing and interpreting facts that serve as the basis for general conclusions. The hypothetical-deductive method was used to present the results of the study when, in some cases, general observations were given before particular examples. Property rights may collide with other rights. We must understand the complex process of glocalization through direct and critical research simultaneously-detailed research and fine-tuning of everyday cultural practices, symbolic imaginary, and social relationships that reproduce global processes, connecting various distant planetary points. This includes looking at how global markets interact with political rules, social forms, and the production of cultural property through disparate and heterogeneous stories and geographies.
IJAEDU- International E-Journal of Advances in Education, Apr 30, 2020
Currently, the social order for higher education is significantly focused on the formation of for... more Currently, the social order for higher education is significantly focused on the formation of foreign language communicative competence and the development of communicative skills in foreign languages of a university graduate, allowing the future specialist to carry out effective speech communication in professional and general cultural fields. The article discusses the features of innovative educational technology, "Edutainment." The genesis of the concept of "edutainment" is presented. The article is devoted to the review of the educational tools of "edutainment," which can be used in the educational process of university education. The works of foreign and domestic researchers, addressing the concept of technology education are analyzed and systematized. A brief chronological note is given on the emergence and establishment of "edutainment" abroad and in Russian didactics. The analysis and generalization of the available domestic and authentic pedagogical literature on this issue are given. The shortcomings of the existing definitions of "edutainment" are identified. The authors of the article understand edutainment as an exclusive educational technology, considered as a combination of modern technical and didactic teaching tools, which is based on the concept of learning through entertainment. The main difference between edutainment and the modern paradigm of learning is that the subject takes an active part in the educational process. The result of the interaction of an informatively entertaining object and an active subject in learning is knowledge, skills, individual experience, and subjective emotions. Assignments in the technology of "edutainment" should correspond to three pedagogical principles: the connection of theory with practice, consistency, and accessibility. The article proves that edutainment can be attributed to innovative educational technologies.
New Paradigms of Modern Education: Different Approaches and Challenges
ICERI2014 Proceedings, 2014
Education is relatively independent. It is able to exert an active influence on the functioning a... more Education is relatively independent. It is able to exert an active influence on the functioning and development of the society. As part of the socioeconomic progress, education is a priority of state policy. A person, who is a part of workforce in public production, has to correspond with the level of contemporary socioeconomic development of the state.
At present, the issue of introducing virtual learning is gaining a key sound in the world of ling... more At present, the issue of introducing virtual learning is gaining a key sound in the world of linguo-didactics. Almost all educational institutions choose virtual learning not only as a means to attract new enrolees, but also as a new working model that could combine and make effective various organizational, cultural, technical and commercial initiatives in a new format via the use of information technologies and the vast capacity of educational platforms. In this paper, the authors focus on the most successful Internet project in the field of teaching the Spanish language, the virtual platform of the Instituto Cervantes (the Cervantes Institute). The experience of the Cervantes Institute allowed the authors to systematize methodological principles of our work and it initiated the creation of a corpus of electronic training materials that allow to carry out remote work. It involves larger groups of students, correctly distributing the classroom activity in such a way that part of the assignments are performed at home during extracurricular time and further is discussed in class. The created virtual materials include phonetic, lexical, grammatical, socio-cultural components, as well as texts illustrating various spheres of communication of native speakers. Since the authors of the article work at a law institute, we believe that audio recordings of trial simulation, authentic speeches of politicians on issues of the legal and international sphere may be of particular interest.
Motivation and Its Theoretical Insight
EDULEARN proceedings, Jul 1, 2018
English Documents Writing
The issue is dedicated to English documents writing. The work is aimed at analyzing linguistic pe... more The issue is dedicated to English documents writing. The work is aimed at analyzing linguistic peculiarities of drafting legal documents. The authors have noticed that while participating at Willem C. Vis annual International Commercial Arbitration moots in Vienna, their students show some difficulties in writing memoranda. Some years ago we were not teaching legal writing. Visiting San Diego University we paid attention to special courses taught there. Now that we organized special courses teaching legal writing, in this work the authors pay attention to business documents such as contracts, legal correspondence, claims, etc., considering that rights and duties must be validated by means of documents. In view of this, judicial documents should be drafted correctly. We truly believe that teaching documents writing now, at university, is a very important issue if we want to bring up comprehendible generation of lawyers. The work lays particular emphasis on the formal business language which is referred to as officialese and differs from other types of the English language, mostly due to specific characters of the functional usage that may be featured in classical terms of style, predetermination and main characteristics. English documents are characterized from both legal and linguistic points of view. The authors draw attention to the functional style of official language which is the defining characteristics of its key components. Official document style presupposes conditions, binding two parties in an undertaking. At the same time business correspondence syntactical pattern style is drawn to reach agreement between them. This is where the authors believe that the importance of the issue under study is in the fact that it could be put into legal practice. The work may also be beneficial for lawyer students, linguists and for all those who work in businesses, for all those who is ready for the modern business challenge.
Educational research and reviews, Jan 31, 2015
The paper explores the ways how Russian students with different social background view the cloudb... more The paper explores the ways how Russian students with different social background view the cloudbased foreign language learning. The empirical data was collected through questionnaires and in-depth interviews of students from metropolitan and regional universities, taking into account the students' family incomes, ethnic and religious affiliation. Quantative and qualitative methods were combined to interpret the survey results. Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) was used to process statistic data. The paper reveals the issues the students feel sensitive about. The research findings lead to the conclusion that it is the students' family background in terms of metropolitan or remote region origin and income level that most affect their positive/negative attitude and also the degree of aptitude to cloud-based learning. The research findings aim to contribute to better understanding of the issues regarding the overall cloud-based course design and implementation.
Criminal Law as a Tool for Strengthening Legality and Law Enforcement in the Society
Legality is a multidimensional and multifaceted phenomenon. It permeates and reflects all the leg... more Legality is a multidimensional and multifaceted phenomenon. It permeates and reflects all the legal life of the society, penetrates into other spheres of life, the state, and individual. Legality reflects the state of public relations, the nature and characteristics of the state structure and political regime, testifies to the reality of existing rights and freedoms in the society. According to the state of legality, it is possible to judge the state and society at a certain stage of their development. That is why the problem of legality has always been, is and will be extremely relevant. This study focuses on the use of criminal law as a means of combating crime. The problems associated with the frequent and not always logical reforms of the criminal legal system are pointed out. The article also analyzes analogous experience of foreign countries. The goal is achieved by solving a number of problems:-Explore the features of law as an instrument for strengthening the rule of law and order in the society;-Investigate the process of law-making activity, to identify a system of priorities in the legislative regulation of public relations governed by criminal law;-Highlight the problem of improving legal regulation in the Russian Federation taking into account international experience. The research methodology is based on both qualitative and quantitative analysis, as well as on the method of the empirical experiment. In-depth study of laws and other normative acts was carried out using specific research methods, logical, statistical and content analysis. The authors relied on the results of research by Russian and foreign theorists of law in the relevant and related fields. The results of the research can be used to determine the optimal goals and objectives of the legal impact in the society and improve the functioning of legal systems in law-making, law enforcement, research activities, as well as in educational activities, in particular, in lectures and seminars on criminal law of Russia and foreign countries. Keywords: I criminal law, legality, law and order, sources of criminal law, criminal law policy, the gap of norms.
At present, intellectual property disputes are often associated with the rule of law of several s... more At present, intellectual property disputes are often associated with the rule of law of several states and several respondents, covering issues that are an integral part of new and fast-growing technologies. Numerous researches conducted in the field of the effective resolution of IP disputes have shown that patent litigation means significant costs, especially for small and medium businesses. Because of costly litigation, the number of high-tech research and development, as well as the possibility of investing in high-yield startups, is significantly reducing. IP disputes arise in a wide range of business sectors, including telecommunications, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and other areas of science and technology, ranging from basic contracts to multi-billion dollar claims for violations related to the issuance of a patent license. The arbitration procedure in international intellectual property disputes is a unique problem due to the fact that it is a valuable asset.
RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics, 2021
The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the stages of formation and development of cor... more The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the stages of formation and development of corpus linguistics. The purpose of the article is to analyze various scientific approaches to the scientific significance of this linguistic discipline and identify a set of concepts and criteria that form the foundation of this field. Corpus linguistics is one of the most promising and rapidly developing areas of language research. Linguistics of the XIX century set as its goal the study of language as such, and linguistics of the XXI century sees the relevance of the research not in identifying absolute linguistic categories and meanings but in the practical application of linguistic knowledge. The relevance of the article is determined by the fact that the linguistic corpus contains a vast potential, which the scientific community has not fully comprehended since the text as the main object of corpus linguistics in various forms of its implementation is one of the central components syst...
Proceedings of INTCESS 2019- 6th International Conference on Education and Social Sciences,, 2019
The novels of the most famous Spanish novelist C. Ruiz Zafón are written for the young. The main ... more The novels of the most famous Spanish novelist C. Ruiz Zafón are written for the young. The main characteristic of his work is the dualism of images and the plot, as well as their intertextuality. The main binomial in Ruiz Zafón's novella is the pair of angel/demon, which has an extensive literary history and motivates a wide polylogue and discussion. The undoubtedly precise artistic images-comparisons in the novels the author analyse are saturated with the considerable expressions of sensitivity. The reader meets an angel with reptile eyes, in black robes, with a wolf (dog) grin, animal fangs, claws, furry paws and a smell of sulfur. Such fruits of artistic fantasy, subjected to deliberate infantilization and stylized as adolescent perception are a manifestation of the most critical universal antitheses (light/darkness, harmony/ deformity, life/death). They are complemented by the metaphorical motifs of a mask, game, shadow, mirage, sleep that are appealing for the student audience. The conclusions of this review can be helpful not only for the students but also for researchers.
Fusional and agglutinative features in declension system in the Russian and Armenian languages (a diachronic aspect)
Litera, 2021
The subject of this research is the typological characteristics of declension system in the Russi... more The subject of this research is the typological characteristics of declension system in the Russian and Armenian languages and their diachronic changes. The author compares the modern Armenian and Grabar (classical Armenian) language, as well as Old East Slavic and modern Russian language. The goal of this article is to determine typological peculiarities of grammatical case systems of the Russian and Armenian languages in their current state, taking into account the vectors of evolutionary development of these systems in the history of the two languages. Research methodology leans on the traditional concepts of morphological typology and systemic analysis of language types proposed by G. P. Melnikov. It is established that unlike the Russian language, the Armenian declension system contains certain agglutinative and analytical features. Emphasis is placed on the detailed analysis of these phenomena and explanation of their consistent nature. The acquired results are valuable for ty...
The issue is dedicated to English documents writing. The work is aimed at analyzing linguistic pe... more The issue is dedicated to English documents writing. The work is aimed at analyzing linguistic peculiarities of drafting legal documents. The authors have noticed that while participating at Willem C. Vis annual International Commercial Arbitration moots in Vienna, their students show some difficulties in writing memoranda. Some years ago we were not teaching legal writing. Visiting San Diego University we paid attention to special courses taught there. Now that we organized special courses teaching legal writing, in this work the authors pay attention to business documents such as contracts, legal correspondence, claims, etc., considering that rights and duties must be validated by means of documents. In view of this, judicial documents should be drafted correctly. We truly believe that teaching documents writing now, at university, is a very important issue if we want to bring up comprehendible generation of lawyers. The work lays particular emphasis on the formal business languag...
Ambiguity of Culture-Bound Terms in Legal English and Russian
The present article analyses English and Russian lexemes denoting core legal professions and posi... more The present article analyses English and Russian lexemes denoting core legal professions and positions and emphasizes the problem of their translation equivalency. The aim of the paper is to show that although terms are named among those limited groups of lexemes which are context-independent and characterized by a single meaning, they can also be poly-semantic and even enantiosemic, i.e. contain opposite meanings within a single word form which can be specified only in the context, including the cultural context. This fact poses serious problems in translation. The authors limited the research to the lexemes denoting core legal professions of the semantic groups of defense and prosecution. The data was taken from dictionaries, legal texts as well as Russian and British National Corpora. Drawing on equivalence theory, descriptive theory, distributive theory and discourse analysis the study explores the semantics of the terms, analyses their distinctive features, and marks their sema...
Educational Research Review, 2015
The article focuses on practical experiment on perception of argumentative nature of court opinio... more The article focuses on practical experiment on perception of argumentative nature of court opinions by non-native speakers. Several argumentative frames most frequently used in the texts of court opinions are identified and described in the article. The article also aims at analyzing the distribution characteristics of the identified frames. Text of court opinion not only performs informative and performative functions, but also reflects the socio-pragmatic setup of the author. A definite set of communicative senses is reflected in the respective modus functions forming a specific meta-category of modus in the judicial discourse. The function of this meta-category is to specify facts through the synthesis of the objective (that is, legally justified) and subjective (which include the position of the court, or of the judge) components of argumentative frame. Key words: Meta-language, argumentative frames, distribution of frames, judicial discourse.
Criminal Law as a Tool for Strengthening Legality and Law Enforcement in the Society
Legality is a multidimensional and multifaceted phenomenon. It permeates and reflects all the leg... more Legality is a multidimensional and multifaceted phenomenon. It permeates and reflects all the legal life of the society, penetrates into other spheres of life, the state, and individual. Legality reflects the state of public relations, the nature and characteristics of the state structure and political regime, testifies to the reality of existing rights and freedoms in the society. According to the state of legality, it is possible to judge the state and society at a certain stage of their development. That is why the problem of legality has always been, is and will be extremely relevant. This study focuses on the use of criminal law as a means of combating crime. The problems associated with the frequent and not always logical reforms of the criminal legal system are pointed out. The article also analyzes analogous experience of foreign countries. The goal is achieved by solving a number of problems:-Explore the features of law as an instrument for strengthening the rule of law and order in the society;-Investigate the process of law-making activity, to identify a system of priorities in the legislative regulation of public relations governed by criminal law;-Highlight the problem of improving legal regulation in the Russian Federation taking into account international experience. The research methodology is based on both qualitative and quantitative analysis, as well as on the method of the empirical experiment. In-depth study of laws and other normative acts was carried out using specific research methods, logical, statistical and content analysis. The authors relied on the results of research by Russian and foreign theorists of law in the relevant and related fields. The results of the research can be used to determine the optimal goals and objectives of the legal impact in the society and improve the functioning of legal systems in law-making, law enforcement, research activities, as well as in educational activities, in particular, in lectures and seminars on criminal law of Russia and foreign countries. Keywords: I criminal law, legality, law and order, sources of criminal law, criminal law policy, the gap of norms.
Language Barrier as an Obstacle to Get Access to Medical Care
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Papers by Kamo Chilingaryan
присущие каждому из этих этапов, представляется обзор основных понятийных положений корпусной лингвистики в рамках отечественного и зарубежного языкознания. Автор подробно анализирует полемику между представителями различных научных направлений и выявляет преимущества того или иного подхода, прослеживает сходства и различия между подходами к изучению корпусов на различных исторических этапах становления изучаемого
научного направления. В фокусе обзора роль и место корпусных исследований языка в современной лингвистике, сопоставление аргументов pro и contra применения корпусных технологий в лингвистическом описании. Значительное внимание обращается на основные критерии классификации корпусов, предлагается краткий обзор наиболее известных в истории корпусов, а также обсуждаются перспективы их использования в различных областях современной науки о языке.
присущие каждому из этих этапов, представляется обзор основных понятийных положений корпусной лингвистики в рамках отечественного и зарубежного языкознания. Автор подробно анализирует полемику между представителями различных научных направлений и выявляет преимущества того или иного подхода, прослеживает сходства и различия между подходами к изучению корпусов на различных исторических этапах становления изучаемого
научного направления. В фокусе обзора роль и место корпусных исследований языка в современной лингвистике, сопоставление аргументов pro и contra применения корпусных технологий в лингвистическом описании. Значительное внимание обращается на основные критерии классификации корпусов, предлагается краткий обзор наиболее известных в истории корпусов, а также обсуждаются перспективы их использования в различных областях современной науки о языке.