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Abu Shahen

University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh, Department of Social Work, PhD Fellow

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Md. Abu Shahen is the CEO of the Bangladesh Research Institute for Development (BRID). Born in 1991, he holds a Bachelor of Social Science in Social Work from the University of Rajshahi and a Master of Philosophy in Public Administration from the same university. He has presented at international conferences, participated in national workshops, and conducted numerous research projects. He is currently continuing his Doctor of Philosophy degree in the Department of Social Work. Before joining BRID, he worked as a research associate with the Eco-Social Development Organisation (ESDO). His areas of interest include climate change, rural development, urban problems, child labor, globalization, disability, social development, socio-economic issues, empowerment, gender-based violence, and policy and advocacy research.
Supervisors: Professor Dr. Md. Fakrul Islam

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Md. Abubakkor Siddik

Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh

Farhana F I R O Z Meem

University of Dhaka, Bangladesh

TJPRC Publication

Mohammed Sarker

North Bengal University

CIRAD

East West University

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Papers by Abu Shahen

The Street Food Microenterprises in Bangladesh: Situational Analysis Based on the Trends and Needs

American Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2024

This paper tried to explore the current conditions and future needs of the street food microenter... more This paper tried to explore the current conditions and future needs of the street food microenterprises in Bangladesh. This paper is entirely shaped by a qualitative approach based on where KII and FGD methods were used for data collection. However, the study reveals that most street food vendors are male proprietors from small and nuclear families, operating self-owned restaurants, fast foods, and taverns. These businesses are predominantly non-AC conditions, with ten to thirty customer capacities. They are located on roadsides, crowded places, and commercial areas, with poor infrastructure and weak plinth conditions. Most enterprises have five to fifteen carts and more than two hundred customers regularly buy food. Entrepreneurs typically get lease permission from landowners, market management, and city corporations, most renting from different authorities. Most entrepreneurs pay a mentionable amount of taka as rent per month. Most entrepreneurs contribute to monthly savings, with ninety percent savings. Most enterprises lack government-registered legal status, but sixty percent are members of homogenous associations. Training initiatives for employees are underrated, and the working environment is unhygienic, unsafe, and not environmentally friendly. The study suggests prioritizing financial assistance, business expansion, and training for the betterment of the enterprises.

The Tendency of Eco-Brick Uses in Bangladesh: Current Trends and Future Needs

International Journal of Sustainable Rural Development (IJSRD), 2024

This study examined the inclination of microentrepreneurs (MEs) to utilize and engage in commerce... more This study examined the inclination of microentrepreneurs (MEs) to utilize and engage in commerce with environmentally friendly construction materials as opposed to conventional bricks. The propensity was explored using focus group discussions and key informant interviews. The research region underwent a total of eight Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and four Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Nevertheless, the survey revealed that a small number of microentrepreneurs have a fundamental understanding of the environment and pollution. A significant proportion of the MEs failed to implement waste management effectively. The study also discovered that a minuscule proportion of MEs engage in ecologically sustainable production and advertising strategies. All brick kilns utilized topsoil as the primary material for manufacturing conventional fired bricks, employing firewood as the fuel source. They lacked sufficient expertise in utilizing fly ash as a component in the production of bricks and other construction materials. Furthermore, the level of women's involvement in these firms was exceedingly minimal, and they receive comparably meager remuneration from those enterprises. Enterprises should prioritize creating a supportive environment for women and implementing fair wage policies that result in improved compensation for female employees. A significant proportion of the microentrepreneurs (MEs) lacked training and failed to adhere to adequate safety protocols. Consequently, it is imperative to prioritize training programs focused on safety and security for both workers and microentrepreneurs.

Cattle Fattening and Its Roles in Socio-Economic Development of Fatteners: A Learning from Northern Part of Bangladesh

Journal of Rural Sociology, Microfinance, and Poverty Studies (JRSMPS), 2024

Income-generating activities (IGAs) are the activities that are adopted to maintain the livelihoo... more Income-generating activities (IGAs) are the activities that are adopted to maintain the livelihood of people, particularly those who are marginalized and grassroots. IGAs also help to meet the daily needs of the doers by ensuring earnings through producing products. However, to explore the role of cattle fattening in improving the socioeconomic status of the fatteners or farmers as IGA was the paper's main objective. Mainly, the respondent's survey with an interview schedule was used as the data collection method. Shibganj village was chosen purposively as the study area due to the prevalence of cattle fatteners reported. The study found that women were the major portion of the fatteners who were rearing and fattening cattle in separate rooms in their own house rooms in their own houses. Initially, they invested on average fifty thousand takas for purchasing cattle, and after rearing for a duration (average of six months), they sold the cattle to the local market. They were financially benefited by selling cattle, which also played a vital role in changing their social status. Almost all the fatteners opined that cattle fattening improved their social and economic conditions than before. Moreover, some problems were reported such as lack of emergency support for cattle, financial weakness of the fatteners, instability of price, and high-rate interest of loan.

The Roles of NGOs in Skill Development of The Street Food Vendors for Hygienic Food Preparation and Serving in Bangladesh

Deleted Journal, Jun 26, 2024

This paper tried to explore the roles of non-government organizations in developing the skills of... more This paper tried to explore the roles of non-government organizations in developing the skills of street food microentrepreneurs in health and safe food preparation and servicing in the western part of Bangladesh. The study utilized a qualitative approach, using a purposive sampling method to select respondents for in-depth interviews, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. The street food vendors and stakeholders were selected from the project team, and the research tools included in-depth interviews with 20 vendors, interviews with 8 key stakeholders, and two focus group discussions with customers and entrepreneurs. The researcher discovered that NGO plays a critical role in skill development for street food vendors in Bangladesh. Prior to the project, vendors were unfamiliar with safety, hygiene, cleanliness, and sustainable promotion. The project improved their skills in safety and security, market promotion, hygiene maintenance, cleanliness, and sustainable development by implementing various activities like training, meetings, workshops, food festivals and fairs, market linkage, stakeholder involvement, online and offline market promotion, and so on. The project also increased restaurant customers and market creation. However, the study found that food safety NGO workers and street food programs have collaborated to raise awareness about food safety, health, hygiene, and environmental issues. These initiatives have improved health and lifestyles, improved food quality, increased client numbers, and increased business profits. The stakeholders gathering in Bogura and Rajshahi focused on promoting product certification, with some microenterprises pursuing it. Microenterprises received work-based training on food safety and hygiene, leading to advancements in food packaging, safe raw materials, cleanliness, and hygiene practices. Product certification training increased stakeholders&#39; understanding of the importance of certification, and some MEs are now following it. The NGO organized a fair to highlight reputable food businesses and raise awareness of environmental sustainability, hygiene, and food safety. The entrepreneurs know how to prepare healthy dishes, increasing sales and revenue. This awareness have been raised due to the NGO&#39;s interventions implemented for street food vendors in the study area.

Doormat Production and Its Impact on Socio-Economic Status of the Producers: A Study on Doormat Producers in Sadar Upazila in Thakurgaon District, Bangladesh

Deleted Journal, Jun 25, 2024

The objective of this paper is to explore the ways of playing the role of Doormat production in t... more The objective of this paper is to explore the ways of playing the role of Doormat production in the economic development of the producers as income generating role of Doormat production in the economic development of the producers as income generating role of Doormat production in the economic development of the producers as income-generating activities. To fill the objective, Doormat Producing in Thakurgaon district was production in Thakurgaon district was Thakurgaon district selected as respondents. Along with secondary sources like literature and reports related to the producers were analyzed. It is worth mentioning that producing a Doormat is an important livelihood option for the artisans in Bangladesh in the current times. Mostly, poor people in the rural areas involve themselves in two ways such as self-producer and worker areas involve themselves in two ways, such as self-producers, and worker areas involve themselves in two ways, such as self-producers the young generation who had age range was a major portion of the Doormat producers was the young generation who had age range was a major portion of the Doormat producers were the young generation who had an age range of 21-30 years. It is regretful that one-third of the respondents can sign only. About 92.5% of the Doormat producers got training from non-government organizations like ESDO. A major portion of them had 30 days of training on Doormat production. All of the producers used their income and profit to maintain family necessities. About one-third of the respondents took a loan from local loan providing organizations while a loan from local loan-providing organizations while loans from local loan-providing organizations, while40% of the Doormat producers was changed due to involving 40% of the Doormat producerany bank, and they did not save money either. The financial status of 40% of the Doormat producerthe upper level compared to before. A significant portion of the producers are involved in social activities like participation in social and religious occasions with family members and neighbors. Moreover, there were variations in profit in Doormat production between self-producers and Doormat workers. Precisely, the self-producer of Doormats got much more profit than Doormat workers.

How Development Sectors are Contributing to Waste Management in Bangladesh

American Journal of Environmental Economics (AJEE), 2024

This article investigates the role of development sectors like non-government agencies in waste m... more This article investigates the role of development sectors like non-government agencies in waste management in Bangladesh, particularly in semi-urban area. Through qualitative methods, key informant interviews and focus group discussions, the study reveals that NGOs are working to establish efficient waste management protocols in the most polluted and contaminated area. They have funded various activities, including awareness campaigns, agricultural practices, bin installation, information distribution, green club development, treatment plans, and transportation and disposal support. It is crucial for local government officials and women to be well-informed about waste management. To strengthen waste management activities, measures such as permanent disposal facilities, fixed garbage collection schedules, recycling markets, whistle systems, and bin erecting are needed. The article emphasizes the importance of well-informed local government officials and women in waste management.

Market Feasibility and Strategies for the Environment-Friendly Bricks in Bangladesh: A Learning from the Southern Part of Bangladesh

American Journal of Environmental Economics (AJEE), 2024

This paper tried to assess the market feasibility and potential strategies for environmentally fr... more This paper tried to assess the market feasibility and potential strategies for environmentally friendly bricks in southern Bangladesh. To assess the feasibility, the researcher used a mixed-methods approach. A total of 120 respondents were interviewed, including customers, entrepreneurs, wholesalers, masons, and laborers. The paper found that 85% of respondents were familiar with eco-friendly products, with 85% prioritizing them when buying. They prioritize product quality and price, with bricks being the most expensive. Most respondents believed eco-friendly construction materials were sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly. However, sales of burnt bricks decreased compared to the previous year, with 30% selling 40000 pieces of bricks last year. This paper also found a growing interest in using environmentally friendly building materials, with hollow blocks being more popular. Most enterprises invested on average 225,000 BDT, with an average monthly income of 17,800 BDT. Most respondents had eight male workers, with 80% not having female workers. Moreover, the study found some market management problems, including lower prices, low capital, and lack of digital marketing issues.

NGO and Waste Management: Learning from Bangladesh

INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY SERVICES, 2024

Waste management is very crucial for the protection of the environment and for keeping living pla... more Waste management is very crucial for the protection of the environment and for keeping living places safe and hygienic. However, this paper tried to explore the exemplify roles of non-government organizations in reducing waste and proper waste management in the municipality area of Bangladesh. This paper was prepared based on qualitative in nature while some KIIs and FGDs were conducted to unveil the impactful roles of NGOs in environment protection through waste management. The paper revealed that NGOs are trying to develop good practices regarding waste management in the municipality area was considered the most polluted and contaminated area compared to other parts of the country. They have funded various types of activities like awareness building activities, practice growing activities, equipment installments like bins, IEC distribution, green club formation, treatment plan establishment, vehicle support for carrying, and disposal points were mentionable. Moreover, people who can play a vital role in waste management, particularly local government representatives and women should be aware. Along with, installing permanent disposal facilities, fixation of waste collection date, developing a market of recycled waste, whistling before collection of waste, bin installation, etc., are needed to make strong the waste management activities in municipality areas of Bangladesh.

The Roles of NGOs in Skill Development of The Street Food Vendors for Hygienic Food Preparation and Serving in Bangladesh

Journal of Innovative Research (JIR), 2024

This paper tried to explore the roles of non-government organizations in developing the skills of... more This paper tried to explore the roles of non-government organizations in developing the skills of street food microentrepreneurs in health and safe food preparation and servicing in the western part of Bangladesh. The study utilized a qualitative approach, using a purposive sampling method to select respondents for in-depth interviews, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. The street food vendors and stakeholders were selected from the project team, and the research tools included in-depth interviews with 20 vendors, interviews with 8 key stakeholders, and two focus group discussions with customers and entrepreneurs. The researcher discovered that NGO plays a critical role in skill development for street food vendors in Bangladesh. Prior to the project, vendors were unfamiliar with safety, hygiene, cleanliness, and sustainable promotion. The project improved their skills in safety and security, market promotion, hygiene maintenance, cleanliness, and sustainable development by implementing various activities like training, meetings, workshops, food festivals and fairs, market linkage, stakeholder involvement, online and offline market promotion, and so on. The project also increased restaurant customers and market creation. However, the study found that food safety NGO workers and street food programs have collaborated to raise awareness about food safety, health, hygiene, and environmental issues. These initiatives have improved health and lifestyles, improved food quality, increased client numbers, and increased business profits. The stakeholders gathering in Bogura and Rajshahi focused on promoting product certification, with some microenterprises pursuing it. Microenterprises received work-based training on food safety and hygiene, leading to advancements in food packaging, safe raw materials, cleanliness, and hygiene practices. Product certification training increased stakeholders' understanding of the importance of certification, and some MEs are now following it. The NGO organized a fair to highlight reputable food businesses and raise awareness of environmental sustainability, hygiene, and food safety. The entrepreneurs know how to prepare healthy dishes, increasing sales and revenue. This awareness have been raised due to the NGO's interventions implemented for street food vendors in the study area.

Factors Associated with the Infrastructural Development of a Rural Market: Current Conditions and Future Priorities

American Journal of Innovation in Science and Engineering (AJISE), 2024

This paper tried to explore the current conditions of the physical infrastructure, including wate... more This paper tried to explore the current conditions of the physical infrastructure, including water, sanitation, waste management, drainage systems, environmental conditions, etc., of the Katihar bazaar. The study used a mixed-methods approach, while a semi-structural survey questionnaire and guidelines were used. A total of one hundred and twenty-eight respondents were surveyed, while six key KII and two FGD sessions were conducted. However, the study found that the Katihar market, one of northern Bangladesh's oldest weekly markets, faces challenges such as poor drainage, narrow drains, and inadequate facilities for shopkeepers and customers. The market has a diverse population of middle-aged adults aged 47-80, with a small proportion of women. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the market was forced to open until midnight (12 p.m.), with 94% of shoppers wearing masks. Moreover, the market has one functional public toilet, no specialized facilities for women, transgender people, and PWDs, and insufficient water and hand washing facilities.

Globalization and Bangladesh: An Analysis from Cultural Perspective

IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 2020

The aspects of Globalization are seen in all spheres of our life from economy to culture. Due to ... more The aspects of Globalization are seen in all spheres of our life from economy to culture. Due to the process of globalization, individuals of different cultural background interact with each other in all spheres of life more intensively. Culture is an important issue that shows incredible changes in the age of globalization. Changes have entered in our daily lives through technology, consumer products, and new provocative thoughts. As a consequence, cultural globalization has increased cross culture relationship, life style, and dress code, mode of behavior, foods, music and cinemas now become global. In the research findings, interestingly, it is found that globalization has brought some positive aspects as well as negative impacts on the different spheres of life in the context of Bangladesh. These issues have been discussed throughout the whole article.

Child Labor and Poverty: A Study on Rajshahi Metropolitan Area, Bangladesh

IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 2020

Child labor is now a burning question to all of us. Despite of international and national rules a... more Child labor is now a burning question to all of us. Despite of international and national rules and laws, it has been expanding day to day due to some of reasons especially for poverty. It is observed that this issue is happened in mostly under developed and developing countries. This study mainly highlights that more than 80 percent of child labors engage with work at an early age which is major obstacle to build up them as a skilled manpower in future in the study are. At the same time child labor passes their day in work place as a result they deprived of entertainment and recreational facilities which is essential to ensure balanced physical mental maturity. Lack of consciousness and shorten outlook life child labor are not aware the importance of education and they are satisfied their present situation. As a result they deprived of all types of facilities which are essential to build up themselves as a skilled manpower in future. At the same time they have born in a poor family and poverty is a part of their life. They consider it is their out of fate. They can't overcome it by their own effort. So most of them are satisfied their income though it is quite insufficient to serve their family as a result they lead life time poverty. Finally they surrounded by the vicious cycle of poverty and lead life time poverty.

A Study on the Income Variations of the Agricultural Workers in the Teesta Barrage Irrigation Project Area Bangladesh

International Journal of Management and Development Studies, 2024

Wage is a very important issue for the people who are working in different types of work all over... more Wage is a very important issue for the people who are working in different types of work all over the world. It is the payment for labor force either physically or mentally. It is assumed that this wage is not paid equally all the parts of the world even all the periods of year. Wage variation has been seen in various seasons of agricultural activities. However, this study is mixed method oriented and narrative in manner. Survey is used to collect data with interview schedule on the laborers of TBI project area under Nilphamari district of Bangladesh. Study finds some notable wage variations of agriculture laborers over the three seasons in TBI project area. For instance, wage is high in aus season than aman and rabi seasons in the study area. In aus season, laborers are highly paid with money and foods than others two seasons. some activities such as sprouting, preparing seedbed, land preparing, implanting, weed cleaning, fertilizing, paddy reaping, threshing, boiling and drying, drawing straw, and paddy related other works are needed more labor forces in aus and aman seasons than rabi season. The scarcity of laborer is seen in these periods and the remuneration of laborer is seen quietly high. Study also explores some high waged activities in rabi season than aus and aman seasons for instance, Mustard Cultivation Potato Cultivation Chilies related work Ginger, Garlic, Onion Cultivation, and Corn Threshing is found only in rabi season in the study area. It is also seen that the wage of these activities is more than other seasons in the study area.

Dalits and their territorial rights in India

World Affairs, 2024

A caste is one of the conventional four social strata into which Hindu society seperates its memb... more A caste is one of the conventional four social strata into which Hindu society seperates its members. The scriptures from ancient India make reference to it. The four classes are the Brahmins (priestly people), the Kshatriyas (rulers, administrators, and warriors; also known as Rajanyas), the Vaishyas (artisans, merchants, businessmen, and farmers), and the Shudras are the lowest of the caste system (laboring classes). However, an individual of the lowest class in traditional Indian society falls outside of the Hindu caste system and is subject to severe social restrictions. This commentary is divided into three parts; the first part highlights the caste system, the second part examines the constitutional and legislative safeguards for them, and the third part illustrates the current social disparity of Dalits in India.

The Financial Lives of the Workers: An Analysis Amid Corona Pandemic in Bangladesh

ABC Journal of Advanced Research

This paper has tried to explore the nature of the living patterns of the workers amid the CORONA ... more This paper has tried to explore the nature of the living patterns of the workers amid the CORONA pandemic in Bangladesh. The article is shaped entirely by qualitative and secondary data based. However, Bangladesh has achieved tremendous success in the readymade garment sector. Readymade garment sectors are altogether dependent on male and female workers who are contributing to the nation as well as to the sectors. Nevertheless, due to the outbreak of the CORONA virus in 2020, Bangladesh is facing a pandemic situation that makes the workers more vulnerable. They are suffering difficulties in many forms, including layoff, closed or reduced remuneration, factory shutdown, congested working settings, prolonged working hours and overtime, unsecured workplace, lack of protective measures, lack of rehabilitating supports, delay of their children's education, traumatic and fearful environment of worker's children, and insufficient health facilities for them. Moreover, the pandemic i...

The Social and Family Attitude toward Disabled Student: A Study on Rajshahi City Corporation Area, Bangladesh

CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research - Zenodo, Oct 14, 2022

Disability is now a burning question all over the world. About 10 percent population of Banglades... more Disability is now a burning question all over the world. About 10 percent population of Bangladesh is the victim of this kind problem. Actually it is not a disease but a permanent situation. It is a situation when people cannot do their activity in proper way which is normal for a common people. Intellectual disability is the most victim part of disability because they are the most vulnerable group among the people and facing crucial situation in society. Typically, this study is a survey but secondary data is used at a great extent. Mainly, this study have tried to reveal the social and family attitude towards disabled student in the study area. Study reveals that intellectual disable child does not perform their proper duties due their inability and that why they are neglected both in society and family. Society does not take him cordially and behave with him rudely. In some cases, some of people get benefit of disabled child by using them. It also found that girl retarded child often victim of rape or abuse by the meanie. However, they do not get proper government support and services due to their lack of education, unawareness of society, unawareness of parents, and lack of social positive attitude. Moreover, Lack of publicity of governmental opportunities and insufficient allotment for disability are the important obstacles to develop the condition of mental retardation people. It is needed to increase government service through establishing new school for intellectual disable child, full government support for existing school, increase the amount of allowance, appropriate training and full employment.

Covid-19 and Violence against Women: An Analytical Study in the Context of Bangladesh

International Journal of Qualitative Research

At the end of 2019, the people of the world experienced the Covid-19 pandemic situation. After a ... more At the end of 2019, the people of the world experienced the Covid-19 pandemic situation. After a while, the pandemic situation was more acute and threatening to the mass people of the world. Women who have faced violence due to the pandemic situation. However, this paper tried to explore the relationship between Covid-19 and violence against women in the context of Bangladesh. This paper is quite qualitative in manner, and reports, articles, and content on relevant issues have been used as the sources of data. Simultaneously, the study found that the rate of VAW during Covid-19 has increased where women are passing a miserable conditions due to the pandemic situation both in the home and outside of the home. In most cases, women are beaten by their intimate partners and forced to go to the parental house. The Paper also found some reasons for increasing those violent occurrences such as mental depression, economic hardship, wife’s excessive demands, children disturbance, and male-do...

An Analytical Study on the Violence Against Children During Covid-19 Period in Bangladesh

International Journal of Qualitative Research

This paper tried to know the different forms of violence against children during the Corona pande... more This paper tried to know the different forms of violence against children during the Corona pandemic in Bangladesh from 2020 to mid-2021. As we have already experienced this catastrophic and lives losing pandemic situation across the world wherein the people of Bangladesh have been uniquely facing this live losing situation since 2020. World Health Organization has warned people to adopt different precautionary measures like 20-second hand washing, wearing a mask, maintaining physical and social distance, isolation, quarantine, taking immediate treatment, and vaccination. The real situation is that many countries have failed to take these measures and lost a huge number of lives. In spite of those situations, many developed countries have taken precautionary measures to prevent mass transmission of the Covid-19 virus. But unfortunately, many socio-economic problems like violence against children and women have been aroused during this pandemic situation while governments have given ...

Women Empowerment in Family Life of Bangladesh: An Analytical Study

Power is the most vital element and everyone expect to be the most powerful man in this world. It... more Power is the most vital element and everyone expect to be the most powerful man in this world. It empowers the men and women to move freely, to take decision, control over resources and become a self-reliant in family and social life. Women are the most important part of family because they play vital role to rear up and bring up of a human child. So, it should empower them properly for the wellbeing for family life. However, this study conducted to identify the real picture of women‟s empowerment in family life in Bangladesh. It also tried to explore the role of background characteristics of women regarding women‟s empowerment. Current study is narrative and qualitative manner and based on Bangladesh Demographic and Household survey data. But secondary data also helps to make this study meaningful and informative on the concerning issue. However, study found that women are enough self-esteem and not using the freedom of mobility still now in the family life of Bangladesh. They are ...

Gender-Based Violence In Bangladesh: A Critical Analysis

International Journal of Qualitative Research

This study tried to explore the current nature of gender-based violence and harassment in Banglad... more This study tried to explore the current nature of gender-based violence and harassment in Bangladesh. Specifically, gender-related harassment and discrimination with violence against women and children have been explored throughout the study. However, the study is based on secondary data collected from gender-focused scholars and organizations. The data of ASK and BSAF have been used for critical analysis regarding violence, harassment, and discrimination against women and children in Bangladesh. As findings, the study found that the prevalence of domestic violence and oppression against wife and housemate including cleaner, housekeeping, and cooker have existed in the forms of torture, negligence, rape, forced rape, physical assault, and sexual assault. The study also found that women and girls are being harassed in transportation as they feel unsecured in movement through abusive and negative attitudes and behavior such as touching, closely standing, intentionally pushing, and gri...

The Street Food Microenterprises in Bangladesh: Situational Analysis Based on the Trends and Needs

American Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2024

This paper tried to explore the current conditions and future needs of the street food microenter... more This paper tried to explore the current conditions and future needs of the street food microenterprises in Bangladesh. This paper is entirely shaped by a qualitative approach based on where KII and FGD methods were used for data collection. However, the study reveals that most street food vendors are male proprietors from small and nuclear families, operating self-owned restaurants, fast foods, and taverns. These businesses are predominantly non-AC conditions, with ten to thirty customer capacities. They are located on roadsides, crowded places, and commercial areas, with poor infrastructure and weak plinth conditions. Most enterprises have five to fifteen carts and more than two hundred customers regularly buy food. Entrepreneurs typically get lease permission from landowners, market management, and city corporations, most renting from different authorities. Most entrepreneurs pay a mentionable amount of taka as rent per month. Most entrepreneurs contribute to monthly savings, with ninety percent savings. Most enterprises lack government-registered legal status, but sixty percent are members of homogenous associations. Training initiatives for employees are underrated, and the working environment is unhygienic, unsafe, and not environmentally friendly. The study suggests prioritizing financial assistance, business expansion, and training for the betterment of the enterprises.

The Tendency of Eco-Brick Uses in Bangladesh: Current Trends and Future Needs

International Journal of Sustainable Rural Development (IJSRD), 2024

This study examined the inclination of microentrepreneurs (MEs) to utilize and engage in commerce... more This study examined the inclination of microentrepreneurs (MEs) to utilize and engage in commerce with environmentally friendly construction materials as opposed to conventional bricks. The propensity was explored using focus group discussions and key informant interviews. The research region underwent a total of eight Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and four Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Nevertheless, the survey revealed that a small number of microentrepreneurs have a fundamental understanding of the environment and pollution. A significant proportion of the MEs failed to implement waste management effectively. The study also discovered that a minuscule proportion of MEs engage in ecologically sustainable production and advertising strategies. All brick kilns utilized topsoil as the primary material for manufacturing conventional fired bricks, employing firewood as the fuel source. They lacked sufficient expertise in utilizing fly ash as a component in the production of bricks and other construction materials. Furthermore, the level of women's involvement in these firms was exceedingly minimal, and they receive comparably meager remuneration from those enterprises. Enterprises should prioritize creating a supportive environment for women and implementing fair wage policies that result in improved compensation for female employees. A significant proportion of the microentrepreneurs (MEs) lacked training and failed to adhere to adequate safety protocols. Consequently, it is imperative to prioritize training programs focused on safety and security for both workers and microentrepreneurs.

Cattle Fattening and Its Roles in Socio-Economic Development of Fatteners: A Learning from Northern Part of Bangladesh

Journal of Rural Sociology, Microfinance, and Poverty Studies (JRSMPS), 2024

Income-generating activities (IGAs) are the activities that are adopted to maintain the livelihoo... more Income-generating activities (IGAs) are the activities that are adopted to maintain the livelihood of people, particularly those who are marginalized and grassroots. IGAs also help to meet the daily needs of the doers by ensuring earnings through producing products. However, to explore the role of cattle fattening in improving the socioeconomic status of the fatteners or farmers as IGA was the paper's main objective. Mainly, the respondent's survey with an interview schedule was used as the data collection method. Shibganj village was chosen purposively as the study area due to the prevalence of cattle fatteners reported. The study found that women were the major portion of the fatteners who were rearing and fattening cattle in separate rooms in their own house rooms in their own houses. Initially, they invested on average fifty thousand takas for purchasing cattle, and after rearing for a duration (average of six months), they sold the cattle to the local market. They were financially benefited by selling cattle, which also played a vital role in changing their social status. Almost all the fatteners opined that cattle fattening improved their social and economic conditions than before. Moreover, some problems were reported such as lack of emergency support for cattle, financial weakness of the fatteners, instability of price, and high-rate interest of loan.

The Roles of NGOs in Skill Development of The Street Food Vendors for Hygienic Food Preparation and Serving in Bangladesh

Deleted Journal, Jun 26, 2024

This paper tried to explore the roles of non-government organizations in developing the skills of... more This paper tried to explore the roles of non-government organizations in developing the skills of street food microentrepreneurs in health and safe food preparation and servicing in the western part of Bangladesh. The study utilized a qualitative approach, using a purposive sampling method to select respondents for in-depth interviews, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. The street food vendors and stakeholders were selected from the project team, and the research tools included in-depth interviews with 20 vendors, interviews with 8 key stakeholders, and two focus group discussions with customers and entrepreneurs. The researcher discovered that NGO plays a critical role in skill development for street food vendors in Bangladesh. Prior to the project, vendors were unfamiliar with safety, hygiene, cleanliness, and sustainable promotion. The project improved their skills in safety and security, market promotion, hygiene maintenance, cleanliness, and sustainable development by implementing various activities like training, meetings, workshops, food festivals and fairs, market linkage, stakeholder involvement, online and offline market promotion, and so on. The project also increased restaurant customers and market creation. However, the study found that food safety NGO workers and street food programs have collaborated to raise awareness about food safety, health, hygiene, and environmental issues. These initiatives have improved health and lifestyles, improved food quality, increased client numbers, and increased business profits. The stakeholders gathering in Bogura and Rajshahi focused on promoting product certification, with some microenterprises pursuing it. Microenterprises received work-based training on food safety and hygiene, leading to advancements in food packaging, safe raw materials, cleanliness, and hygiene practices. Product certification training increased stakeholders&#39; understanding of the importance of certification, and some MEs are now following it. The NGO organized a fair to highlight reputable food businesses and raise awareness of environmental sustainability, hygiene, and food safety. The entrepreneurs know how to prepare healthy dishes, increasing sales and revenue. This awareness have been raised due to the NGO&#39;s interventions implemented for street food vendors in the study area.

Doormat Production and Its Impact on Socio-Economic Status of the Producers: A Study on Doormat Producers in Sadar Upazila in Thakurgaon District, Bangladesh

Deleted Journal, Jun 25, 2024

The objective of this paper is to explore the ways of playing the role of Doormat production in t... more The objective of this paper is to explore the ways of playing the role of Doormat production in the economic development of the producers as income generating role of Doormat production in the economic development of the producers as income generating role of Doormat production in the economic development of the producers as income-generating activities. To fill the objective, Doormat Producing in Thakurgaon district was production in Thakurgaon district was Thakurgaon district selected as respondents. Along with secondary sources like literature and reports related to the producers were analyzed. It is worth mentioning that producing a Doormat is an important livelihood option for the artisans in Bangladesh in the current times. Mostly, poor people in the rural areas involve themselves in two ways such as self-producer and worker areas involve themselves in two ways, such as self-producers, and worker areas involve themselves in two ways, such as self-producers the young generation who had age range was a major portion of the Doormat producers was the young generation who had age range was a major portion of the Doormat producers were the young generation who had an age range of 21-30 years. It is regretful that one-third of the respondents can sign only. About 92.5% of the Doormat producers got training from non-government organizations like ESDO. A major portion of them had 30 days of training on Doormat production. All of the producers used their income and profit to maintain family necessities. About one-third of the respondents took a loan from local loan providing organizations while a loan from local loan-providing organizations while loans from local loan-providing organizations, while40% of the Doormat producers was changed due to involving 40% of the Doormat producerany bank, and they did not save money either. The financial status of 40% of the Doormat producerthe upper level compared to before. A significant portion of the producers are involved in social activities like participation in social and religious occasions with family members and neighbors. Moreover, there were variations in profit in Doormat production between self-producers and Doormat workers. Precisely, the self-producer of Doormats got much more profit than Doormat workers.

How Development Sectors are Contributing to Waste Management in Bangladesh

American Journal of Environmental Economics (AJEE), 2024

This article investigates the role of development sectors like non-government agencies in waste m... more This article investigates the role of development sectors like non-government agencies in waste management in Bangladesh, particularly in semi-urban area. Through qualitative methods, key informant interviews and focus group discussions, the study reveals that NGOs are working to establish efficient waste management protocols in the most polluted and contaminated area. They have funded various activities, including awareness campaigns, agricultural practices, bin installation, information distribution, green club development, treatment plans, and transportation and disposal support. It is crucial for local government officials and women to be well-informed about waste management. To strengthen waste management activities, measures such as permanent disposal facilities, fixed garbage collection schedules, recycling markets, whistle systems, and bin erecting are needed. The article emphasizes the importance of well-informed local government officials and women in waste management.

Market Feasibility and Strategies for the Environment-Friendly Bricks in Bangladesh: A Learning from the Southern Part of Bangladesh

American Journal of Environmental Economics (AJEE), 2024

This paper tried to assess the market feasibility and potential strategies for environmentally fr... more This paper tried to assess the market feasibility and potential strategies for environmentally friendly bricks in southern Bangladesh. To assess the feasibility, the researcher used a mixed-methods approach. A total of 120 respondents were interviewed, including customers, entrepreneurs, wholesalers, masons, and laborers. The paper found that 85% of respondents were familiar with eco-friendly products, with 85% prioritizing them when buying. They prioritize product quality and price, with bricks being the most expensive. Most respondents believed eco-friendly construction materials were sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly. However, sales of burnt bricks decreased compared to the previous year, with 30% selling 40000 pieces of bricks last year. This paper also found a growing interest in using environmentally friendly building materials, with hollow blocks being more popular. Most enterprises invested on average 225,000 BDT, with an average monthly income of 17,800 BDT. Most respondents had eight male workers, with 80% not having female workers. Moreover, the study found some market management problems, including lower prices, low capital, and lack of digital marketing issues.

NGO and Waste Management: Learning from Bangladesh

INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY SERVICES, 2024

Waste management is very crucial for the protection of the environment and for keeping living pla... more Waste management is very crucial for the protection of the environment and for keeping living places safe and hygienic. However, this paper tried to explore the exemplify roles of non-government organizations in reducing waste and proper waste management in the municipality area of Bangladesh. This paper was prepared based on qualitative in nature while some KIIs and FGDs were conducted to unveil the impactful roles of NGOs in environment protection through waste management. The paper revealed that NGOs are trying to develop good practices regarding waste management in the municipality area was considered the most polluted and contaminated area compared to other parts of the country. They have funded various types of activities like awareness building activities, practice growing activities, equipment installments like bins, IEC distribution, green club formation, treatment plan establishment, vehicle support for carrying, and disposal points were mentionable. Moreover, people who can play a vital role in waste management, particularly local government representatives and women should be aware. Along with, installing permanent disposal facilities, fixation of waste collection date, developing a market of recycled waste, whistling before collection of waste, bin installation, etc., are needed to make strong the waste management activities in municipality areas of Bangladesh.

The Roles of NGOs in Skill Development of The Street Food Vendors for Hygienic Food Preparation and Serving in Bangladesh

Journal of Innovative Research (JIR), 2024

This paper tried to explore the roles of non-government organizations in developing the skills of... more This paper tried to explore the roles of non-government organizations in developing the skills of street food microentrepreneurs in health and safe food preparation and servicing in the western part of Bangladesh. The study utilized a qualitative approach, using a purposive sampling method to select respondents for in-depth interviews, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. The street food vendors and stakeholders were selected from the project team, and the research tools included in-depth interviews with 20 vendors, interviews with 8 key stakeholders, and two focus group discussions with customers and entrepreneurs. The researcher discovered that NGO plays a critical role in skill development for street food vendors in Bangladesh. Prior to the project, vendors were unfamiliar with safety, hygiene, cleanliness, and sustainable promotion. The project improved their skills in safety and security, market promotion, hygiene maintenance, cleanliness, and sustainable development by implementing various activities like training, meetings, workshops, food festivals and fairs, market linkage, stakeholder involvement, online and offline market promotion, and so on. The project also increased restaurant customers and market creation. However, the study found that food safety NGO workers and street food programs have collaborated to raise awareness about food safety, health, hygiene, and environmental issues. These initiatives have improved health and lifestyles, improved food quality, increased client numbers, and increased business profits. The stakeholders gathering in Bogura and Rajshahi focused on promoting product certification, with some microenterprises pursuing it. Microenterprises received work-based training on food safety and hygiene, leading to advancements in food packaging, safe raw materials, cleanliness, and hygiene practices. Product certification training increased stakeholders' understanding of the importance of certification, and some MEs are now following it. The NGO organized a fair to highlight reputable food businesses and raise awareness of environmental sustainability, hygiene, and food safety. The entrepreneurs know how to prepare healthy dishes, increasing sales and revenue. This awareness have been raised due to the NGO's interventions implemented for street food vendors in the study area.

Factors Associated with the Infrastructural Development of a Rural Market: Current Conditions and Future Priorities

American Journal of Innovation in Science and Engineering (AJISE), 2024

This paper tried to explore the current conditions of the physical infrastructure, including wate... more This paper tried to explore the current conditions of the physical infrastructure, including water, sanitation, waste management, drainage systems, environmental conditions, etc., of the Katihar bazaar. The study used a mixed-methods approach, while a semi-structural survey questionnaire and guidelines were used. A total of one hundred and twenty-eight respondents were surveyed, while six key KII and two FGD sessions were conducted. However, the study found that the Katihar market, one of northern Bangladesh's oldest weekly markets, faces challenges such as poor drainage, narrow drains, and inadequate facilities for shopkeepers and customers. The market has a diverse population of middle-aged adults aged 47-80, with a small proportion of women. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the market was forced to open until midnight (12 p.m.), with 94% of shoppers wearing masks. Moreover, the market has one functional public toilet, no specialized facilities for women, transgender people, and PWDs, and insufficient water and hand washing facilities.

Globalization and Bangladesh: An Analysis from Cultural Perspective

IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 2020

The aspects of Globalization are seen in all spheres of our life from economy to culture. Due to ... more The aspects of Globalization are seen in all spheres of our life from economy to culture. Due to the process of globalization, individuals of different cultural background interact with each other in all spheres of life more intensively. Culture is an important issue that shows incredible changes in the age of globalization. Changes have entered in our daily lives through technology, consumer products, and new provocative thoughts. As a consequence, cultural globalization has increased cross culture relationship, life style, and dress code, mode of behavior, foods, music and cinemas now become global. In the research findings, interestingly, it is found that globalization has brought some positive aspects as well as negative impacts on the different spheres of life in the context of Bangladesh. These issues have been discussed throughout the whole article.

Child Labor and Poverty: A Study on Rajshahi Metropolitan Area, Bangladesh

IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 2020

Child labor is now a burning question to all of us. Despite of international and national rules a... more Child labor is now a burning question to all of us. Despite of international and national rules and laws, it has been expanding day to day due to some of reasons especially for poverty. It is observed that this issue is happened in mostly under developed and developing countries. This study mainly highlights that more than 80 percent of child labors engage with work at an early age which is major obstacle to build up them as a skilled manpower in future in the study are. At the same time child labor passes their day in work place as a result they deprived of entertainment and recreational facilities which is essential to ensure balanced physical mental maturity. Lack of consciousness and shorten outlook life child labor are not aware the importance of education and they are satisfied their present situation. As a result they deprived of all types of facilities which are essential to build up themselves as a skilled manpower in future. At the same time they have born in a poor family and poverty is a part of their life. They consider it is their out of fate. They can't overcome it by their own effort. So most of them are satisfied their income though it is quite insufficient to serve their family as a result they lead life time poverty. Finally they surrounded by the vicious cycle of poverty and lead life time poverty.

A Study on the Income Variations of the Agricultural Workers in the Teesta Barrage Irrigation Project Area Bangladesh

International Journal of Management and Development Studies, 2024

Wage is a very important issue for the people who are working in different types of work all over... more Wage is a very important issue for the people who are working in different types of work all over the world. It is the payment for labor force either physically or mentally. It is assumed that this wage is not paid equally all the parts of the world even all the periods of year. Wage variation has been seen in various seasons of agricultural activities. However, this study is mixed method oriented and narrative in manner. Survey is used to collect data with interview schedule on the laborers of TBI project area under Nilphamari district of Bangladesh. Study finds some notable wage variations of agriculture laborers over the three seasons in TBI project area. For instance, wage is high in aus season than aman and rabi seasons in the study area. In aus season, laborers are highly paid with money and foods than others two seasons. some activities such as sprouting, preparing seedbed, land preparing, implanting, weed cleaning, fertilizing, paddy reaping, threshing, boiling and drying, drawing straw, and paddy related other works are needed more labor forces in aus and aman seasons than rabi season. The scarcity of laborer is seen in these periods and the remuneration of laborer is seen quietly high. Study also explores some high waged activities in rabi season than aus and aman seasons for instance, Mustard Cultivation Potato Cultivation Chilies related work Ginger, Garlic, Onion Cultivation, and Corn Threshing is found only in rabi season in the study area. It is also seen that the wage of these activities is more than other seasons in the study area.

Dalits and their territorial rights in India

World Affairs, 2024

A caste is one of the conventional four social strata into which Hindu society seperates its memb... more A caste is one of the conventional four social strata into which Hindu society seperates its members. The scriptures from ancient India make reference to it. The four classes are the Brahmins (priestly people), the Kshatriyas (rulers, administrators, and warriors; also known as Rajanyas), the Vaishyas (artisans, merchants, businessmen, and farmers), and the Shudras are the lowest of the caste system (laboring classes). However, an individual of the lowest class in traditional Indian society falls outside of the Hindu caste system and is subject to severe social restrictions. This commentary is divided into three parts; the first part highlights the caste system, the second part examines the constitutional and legislative safeguards for them, and the third part illustrates the current social disparity of Dalits in India.

The Financial Lives of the Workers: An Analysis Amid Corona Pandemic in Bangladesh

ABC Journal of Advanced Research

This paper has tried to explore the nature of the living patterns of the workers amid the CORONA ... more This paper has tried to explore the nature of the living patterns of the workers amid the CORONA pandemic in Bangladesh. The article is shaped entirely by qualitative and secondary data based. However, Bangladesh has achieved tremendous success in the readymade garment sector. Readymade garment sectors are altogether dependent on male and female workers who are contributing to the nation as well as to the sectors. Nevertheless, due to the outbreak of the CORONA virus in 2020, Bangladesh is facing a pandemic situation that makes the workers more vulnerable. They are suffering difficulties in many forms, including layoff, closed or reduced remuneration, factory shutdown, congested working settings, prolonged working hours and overtime, unsecured workplace, lack of protective measures, lack of rehabilitating supports, delay of their children's education, traumatic and fearful environment of worker's children, and insufficient health facilities for them. Moreover, the pandemic i...

The Social and Family Attitude toward Disabled Student: A Study on Rajshahi City Corporation Area, Bangladesh

CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research - Zenodo, Oct 14, 2022

Disability is now a burning question all over the world. About 10 percent population of Banglades... more Disability is now a burning question all over the world. About 10 percent population of Bangladesh is the victim of this kind problem. Actually it is not a disease but a permanent situation. It is a situation when people cannot do their activity in proper way which is normal for a common people. Intellectual disability is the most victim part of disability because they are the most vulnerable group among the people and facing crucial situation in society. Typically, this study is a survey but secondary data is used at a great extent. Mainly, this study have tried to reveal the social and family attitude towards disabled student in the study area. Study reveals that intellectual disable child does not perform their proper duties due their inability and that why they are neglected both in society and family. Society does not take him cordially and behave with him rudely. In some cases, some of people get benefit of disabled child by using them. It also found that girl retarded child often victim of rape or abuse by the meanie. However, they do not get proper government support and services due to their lack of education, unawareness of society, unawareness of parents, and lack of social positive attitude. Moreover, Lack of publicity of governmental opportunities and insufficient allotment for disability are the important obstacles to develop the condition of mental retardation people. It is needed to increase government service through establishing new school for intellectual disable child, full government support for existing school, increase the amount of allowance, appropriate training and full employment.

Covid-19 and Violence against Women: An Analytical Study in the Context of Bangladesh

International Journal of Qualitative Research

At the end of 2019, the people of the world experienced the Covid-19 pandemic situation. After a ... more At the end of 2019, the people of the world experienced the Covid-19 pandemic situation. After a while, the pandemic situation was more acute and threatening to the mass people of the world. Women who have faced violence due to the pandemic situation. However, this paper tried to explore the relationship between Covid-19 and violence against women in the context of Bangladesh. This paper is quite qualitative in manner, and reports, articles, and content on relevant issues have been used as the sources of data. Simultaneously, the study found that the rate of VAW during Covid-19 has increased where women are passing a miserable conditions due to the pandemic situation both in the home and outside of the home. In most cases, women are beaten by their intimate partners and forced to go to the parental house. The Paper also found some reasons for increasing those violent occurrences such as mental depression, economic hardship, wife’s excessive demands, children disturbance, and male-do...

An Analytical Study on the Violence Against Children During Covid-19 Period in Bangladesh

International Journal of Qualitative Research

This paper tried to know the different forms of violence against children during the Corona pande... more This paper tried to know the different forms of violence against children during the Corona pandemic in Bangladesh from 2020 to mid-2021. As we have already experienced this catastrophic and lives losing pandemic situation across the world wherein the people of Bangladesh have been uniquely facing this live losing situation since 2020. World Health Organization has warned people to adopt different precautionary measures like 20-second hand washing, wearing a mask, maintaining physical and social distance, isolation, quarantine, taking immediate treatment, and vaccination. The real situation is that many countries have failed to take these measures and lost a huge number of lives. In spite of those situations, many developed countries have taken precautionary measures to prevent mass transmission of the Covid-19 virus. But unfortunately, many socio-economic problems like violence against children and women have been aroused during this pandemic situation while governments have given ...

Women Empowerment in Family Life of Bangladesh: An Analytical Study

Power is the most vital element and everyone expect to be the most powerful man in this world. It... more Power is the most vital element and everyone expect to be the most powerful man in this world. It empowers the men and women to move freely, to take decision, control over resources and become a self-reliant in family and social life. Women are the most important part of family because they play vital role to rear up and bring up of a human child. So, it should empower them properly for the wellbeing for family life. However, this study conducted to identify the real picture of women‟s empowerment in family life in Bangladesh. It also tried to explore the role of background characteristics of women regarding women‟s empowerment. Current study is narrative and qualitative manner and based on Bangladesh Demographic and Household survey data. But secondary data also helps to make this study meaningful and informative on the concerning issue. However, study found that women are enough self-esteem and not using the freedom of mobility still now in the family life of Bangladesh. They are ...

Gender-Based Violence In Bangladesh: A Critical Analysis

International Journal of Qualitative Research

This study tried to explore the current nature of gender-based violence and harassment in Banglad... more This study tried to explore the current nature of gender-based violence and harassment in Bangladesh. Specifically, gender-related harassment and discrimination with violence against women and children have been explored throughout the study. However, the study is based on secondary data collected from gender-focused scholars and organizations. The data of ASK and BSAF have been used for critical analysis regarding violence, harassment, and discrimination against women and children in Bangladesh. As findings, the study found that the prevalence of domestic violence and oppression against wife and housemate including cleaner, housekeeping, and cooker have existed in the forms of torture, negligence, rape, forced rape, physical assault, and sexual assault. The study also found that women and girls are being harassed in transportation as they feel unsecured in movement through abusive and negative attitudes and behavior such as touching, closely standing, intentionally pushing, and gri...

Assessing the Nexus Between Irrigation Project and Crop Production A Study on Teesta Barrage Irrigation Project (TBIP) in Bangladesh

The Palgrave Handbook of Environmental Policy and Law, 2024

Irrigation is an all-around critical factor that is required to guarantee food security and agric... more