Untitled
Untitled
Г.Н. Бабич
Учебное пособие
Москва
Издательство «ФЛИНТА»
2019
УДК 811.111’373(075.8)
ББК 81.432.1-3 73
Б12
Р е це н зе н т ы :
д-р филол. наук, проф. О.М. Карпова
(Ивановский государственный университет);
д-р филол. наук, проф. О.А. Леонтович
(Волгоградский государственный педагогический университет)
Бабич Г.Н.
Б12 Lexicology : A Current Guide. Лексикология английского языка
[Электронный ресурс] : учеб. пособие / Г.Н. Бабич. — 10-е изд.,
. — М. : ФЛИНТА, 2019. — 200 с.
ISBN 978-5-9765-0249-9
В пособии освещены основные проблемы лексикологии в соответст-
вии с действующими государственными стандартами и программой по
данному курсу для студентов гуманитарных вузов. Теоретический мате-
риал тесно связан с упражнениями и заданиями, цель которых помочь
студентам в практическом овладении основами лексикологии. В каждой
главе даны ключевые вопросы для контроля знаний. Заключительная
часть пособия содержит вопросы для самоконтроля, аутентичные отрыв-
ки для комплексного лексикологического анализа, которые могут быть
использованы на учебных занятиях и для самостоятельной работы при
совершенствовании навыков владения современным английским языком,
определении основных понятий и терминов курса.
Для студентов факультетов иностранных языков, филологических
факультетов, отделений лингвистики университетов, аспирантов и инте-
ресующихся проблемами слова.
УДК 811.111’373(075.8)
ББК 81.432.1-3 73
СONTENTS
Preface ..................................................................................................... 7
Introduction ............................................................................................. 8
Chapter 1
Language and Lexicology .......................................................................... 9
1.1. The Object of Lexicology ............................................................. 9
1.2. Branches of Lexicology .............................................................. 10
1.3. Lexicology and Sociolinguistics ................................................. 13
1.4. The Definition of the Word ........................................................ 16
Key Terms ............................................................................................... 18
Topics for Discussion and Exercises .......................................................... 18
Chapter 2
The Origins of English Words .................................................................. 20
2.1. Native Words ............................................................................. 22
2.2. Borrowings ................................................................................. 24
2.3. Etymological Doublets .............................................................. 30
2.4. International Words ................................................................... 31
Key Terms ............................................................................................... 32
Topics for Discussion and Exercises .......................................................... 32
Chapter 3
Word Structure and Word Formation ....................................................... 36
3.1. Morpheme. Allomorph .............................................................. 37
3.2. Word Structure ........................................................................... 39
3.3. Immediate Constituents Analysis ............................................... 41
3.4. Affixation ................................................................................... 42
3.5. Conversion ................................................................................. 46
3.6. Word-Composition .................................................................... 48
3.7. Other Types of Word Formation ................................................. 51
Key Terms ............................................................................................... 53
Topics for Discussion and Exercises .......................................................... 54
Chapter 4
Semantics ............................................................................................... 57
4.1. Semasiology or Semantics? ........................................................ 57
4.2. Denotation and Connotation ..................................................... 59
4.3. Polysemy .................................................................................... 61
4.4. Componential Analysis .............................................................. 62
4.5. Semantic Change ....................................................................... 65
4.6. Secondary Ways of Semantic Change ........................................ 69
Key Terms ............................................................................................... 70
Topics for Discussion and Exercises .......................................................... 70
Chapter 5
The Vocabulary of a Language as a System .............................................. 74
5.1. Homonyms ................................................................................ 74
5.2. Synonyms .................................................................................. 77
5.2.1. The Nature of Synonymy ................................................ 77
5.2.2. The Definition of Synonyms ........................................... 79
5.2.3. Classification of Synonyms ............................................. 81
5.2.4. Euphemism ..................................................................... 82
5.3. Antonyms .................................................................................. 82
5.4. Hyponymy and Paronymy ......................................................... 84
Key Terms ............................................................................................... 85
Topics for Discussion and Exercises .......................................................... 86
Chapter 6
Combinability. Word Groups .................................................................... 90
Key Terms ............................................................................................... 95
Topics for Discussion and Exercises .......................................................... 95
Chapter 7
Phraseology ............................................................................................ 98
7.1. Semantic Classification of Phraseological Units ....................... 100
7.2. Structural Classification of Phraseological Units ...................... 101
Chapter 8
Levels of Usage ...................................................................................... 111
8.1. Stylistic Differentiation of the English Vocabulary .................... 112
8.2. The Varieties of English ............................................................ 117
8.3. Levels of Language .................................................................... 121
8.4. Registers ................................................................................... 125
Key Terms .............................................................................................. 128
Topics for Discussion and Exercises ......................................................... 128
Chapter 9
Lexicography ......................................................................................... 133
9.1. The History of Dictionary Making ............................................. 133
9.2. Classification of Dictionaries .................................................... 136
Key Terms .............................................................................................. 140
Topics for Discussion and Exercises ......................................................... 140
Chapter 10
American English ................................................................................... 145
10.1. Spelling ..................................................................................... 146
10.2. Pronunciation ........................................................................... 148
10.3. Punctuation .............................................................................. 148
10.4. Numbers ................................................................................... 149
10.5. Grammar .................................................................................. 150
10.5.1. Use of the Present Perfect ............................................ 150
10.5.2. Possession .................................................................... 150
10.5.3. The Verb Get ................................................................. 151
Chapter 11
A World English ..................................................................................... 163
11.1. Canadian English ...................................................................... 163
11.2. Australian English ..................................................................... 164
11.3. New Zealand English ................................................................ 166
11.4. Indian English .......................................................................... 167
11.4.1. Pronunciation .............................................................. 168
11.4.2. Grammar ..................................................................... 168
11.4.3. Vocabulary: loans ......................................................... 169
11.4.4. Usage ........................................................................... 171
Key Terms .............................................................................................. 172
Topics for Discussion and Exercises ......................................................... 173