Министерство образования Республики Беларусь

Учреждение образования
“Белорусский государственный университет
информатики и радиоэлектроники”

Кафедра иностранных языков №1

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Тесты
по развитию лексико-грамматических навыков

БГ
чтения на английском языке
для студентов 1-2-го курсов
дневной формы обучения
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Texts
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for the development of lexical and grammar

skills of English reading for the first and second year daytime students
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бл
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Минск 2005
УДК 802.0 (075.8)
ББК 81.432.1 я 73
Т 36

Авторы-составители:
Т.Г. Шелягова, Ю.М. Амелина, И.Г. Маликова, С.И. Лягушевич

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БГ
Тесты по развитию лексико-грамматических навыков чтения на
Т 36 англ. языке для студ. 1-2-го курсов дневной формы обуч. / Сост.
Т.Г. Шелягова, Ю.М. Амелина, И.Г. Маликова, С.И. Лягушевич. – Мн.:
а
БГУИР, 2005. – 232 с.
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ISBN 985-444-760-Х

Данные тесты носят обучающе-контролирующий характер.

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Включают в себя задания, направленные на развитие грамматических и

лексических навыков чтения на английском языке. Имеются приложение
по основным разделам английской грамматики в виде таблиц и
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лексические сочетания, представляющие определенные трудности для

усвоения.
Предназначены для студентов 1-2-го курсов всех форм обучения
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БГУИР, а также для широкого круга лиц, изучающих английский язык.

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УДК 802.0 (075.8)

ББК 81.432.1 я 73

ISBN 985-444-760-Х © Коллектив авторов, составление, 2005

© БГУИР, 2005
 GRAMMER TESTS

TEST 1

Problems with Verbs

Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.

1. Al’s doctor insists _____ for a few days.
(A) that he is resting (C) him to rest
(B) his resting (D) that he rest

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2. I don’t like iced tea, and ______

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(A) she doesn’t too (C) neither does she
(B) either doesn’t she (D) she doesn’t neither

3. We wish that you ______ such a lot of work, because we know that you
would have enjoyed the party.
(A) hadn’t had
(B) hadn’t БГ (C) didn’t have had
(D) hadn’t have
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4. Since your roommate is visiting her family this weekend. ______you
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like to have dinner with us tonight?

(A) will (C) do
(B) won’t (D) wouldn’t
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5. Please _____ photocopies of documents.

(A) not to submit (C) no submit
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(B) do not submit (D) not submit

6. I _____ bacon and eggs every morning.

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(A) am used to eat (C) am used to eating

(B) used to eating (D) use to eat
7. The team really looks good tonight because the coach had them _____
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every night this week.

(A) practice (C) practiced
(B) to practice (D) the practice
8. Would you mind _____, please?
(A) to answer the telephone (C) answer the telephone
(B) answering the telephone (D) to the telephone answering
9. You _____ your seats today if you want to go to the game.
(A) had better to reserve (B) had to better reserve
 (C) had better reserve (D) had to reserve better
10. If it _____ so late we could have coffee.
(A) wasn’t (C) weren’t
(B) isn’t (D) not be

11. Your sister used to visit you quite often, _____?

(A) didn’t she (C) wouldn’t she
(B) doesn’t she (D) hadn’t she

12. It Bob _____ with us, he would have had a good time.
(A) would come (C) had come

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(B) would have come (D) came

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13. Frankly, I’d rather you _____ anything about it for the time being.
(A) do (C) don’t
(B) didn’t do (D) didn’t

(B) should have left БГ

14. Since they aren’t answering their telephone, they _____.
(A) must have left (C) need have left
(D) can have left
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15. We were hurrying because we thought that the bell _____.
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(A) had already rang (C) had already rung

(B) has already rang (D) had already ringing
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TEST 2

Problems with Verbs

ио

Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.

1. I hadn’t expected James to apologize but I had hoped _____.
бл

(A) him calling me (C) him to call me

(B) that he would call me (D) that he call me
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2. My husband lived at home before we were married, and so _____.

(A) did I (C) I had
(B) had I (D) I did

3. Does your new secretary _____ shorthand?

(A) know to take (C) know how take
(B) know how to take (D) know how taking

4. Tommy had his big brother _____ his shoes for him.
(A) to tie (B) tie
 (C) tied (D) tying
5. I wish that the weather _____ not so warm.
(A) was (C) were
(B) be (D) is

6. His English teacher recommends that he _____ a regular degree

program.
(A) begin (C) will begin
(B) begins (D) is beginning

7. Let’s go out for dinner _____?

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(A) will we (C) shall we
(B) don’t we (D) are we

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8. I’d _____ the operation unless it is absolutely necessary.
(A) rather not have (C) rather not to have
(B) not rather had (D) rather not having

9.
(A) don’t
(B) not to
БГ
Would you please _____ write on the test books?
(C) not
(D) to not
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10. The old man asked her to move because he _____ in that chair.
(A) used to sit (C) used to sitting
(B) was used to sit (D) was used to sitting
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11. After the way she treated you, if I _____in your place, I wouldn’t return
the call.
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(A) be (C) was

(B) am (D) were
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12. If I _____ the flu I would have gone with you.

(A) hadn’t (C) didn’t have
(B) hadn’t had (D) wouldn’t have had
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13. He’s taken his medicine, _____?

(A) hasn’t he (C) doesn’t he
(B) didn’t he (D) isn’t he
14. Your mother and I are looking forward _____you.
(A) of seeing (C) to see
(B) for seeing (D) to seeing
15. It is imperative that you _____ there in person.
(A) be (B) will be
 (C) will (D) are
TEST 3

Problems with Verbs

Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.

1. The brakes need _____.
(A) adjusted (C) to adjust
(B) to adjustment (D) adjusting

2. I wish that we _____ with my brother when he flies to England next

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week.
(A) could go (C) will go

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(B) had gone (D) are going

3. Are you sure Miss Smith _____ use the new equipment?
(A) knows to (C) knows how to

4.
(B) knows the

БГ
(D) knows how

Mary and John _____ to the parties at the Student Union every Friday.
(A) used to go (C) are used to go
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(B) use to go (D) were used to go
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5. You _____ me, because I didn’t say that.

(A) must misunderstand (C) must have misunderstood
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(B) must be misunderstanding (D) had to misunderstand

6. _____you rather sit by the window?

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(A) Don’t (C) Wouldn’t

(B) Will (D) Won’t
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7. His government insisted that he _____ until he finished his degree.

(A) should stay (C) stayed
(B) shall stay (D) stay
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8. After he had researched and _____ his paper, he found some

additional material that he should have included.
(A) wrote (C) writing
(B) written (D) have written

9. The man who was driving the truck would not admit that he had been at
fault, and _____.
(A) neither the other driver (C) neither had the other driver
(B) neither would the other driver (D) the other driver neither
 10. If it _____ rain, we’ll have the party outside.
(A) wouldn’t (C) didn’t
(B) doesn’t (D) won’t

11. Excuse me, but it is time to have your temperature _____.

(A) taking (C) take
(B) to take (D) taken

12. Almost everyone fails _____ the driver’s test on the fist try.
(A) passing (C) to pass

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(B) to have passed (D) in passing

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13. Mike had hoped ______.his letter.
(A) her to answer (C) that she would answer
(B) that she answer (D) her answering

(A) to start to get up

(B) started getting up
БГ
14. I think that you had better _____ earlier so that you can get to class on
time.
(C) start getting up
(D) to get up
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15. Today’s wheather isn’t as cold as it was yesterday, _____?

(A) wasn’t it (C) isn’t it
(B) was it (D) is it
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TEST 4
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Problems with Pronouns

Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.

бл

1. Tito was the only foreigner ____ I saw at the convention.

(A) whom (C) who
(B) which (D) what
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2. They forgot about _____ them to join us for lunch.

(A) us to ask (C) our asking
(B) us asking (D) we asking

3. Our host family always invites my roommate and _____ to their house
on Sundays.
(A) me (C) I
(B) my (D) mine
4. Because they usually receive the same score on standardized
examinations, there is often disagreement as to _____ is the better
student, Bob or Helen.
(A) who (C) whom
(B) which (D) whose

5. I really appreciate _____ to help me, but I am sure that I will be able to
manage by myself.
(A) you to offer (C) that you offer
(B) your offering (D) that you are offering

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6. Do you know the woman _____ was hurt in the accident?
(A) which (C) who

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(B) whom (D) whose

7. I would like to leave a message for _____ if I may.

(A) they (C) their

8.
(B) them

БГ
(D) theirs

A few of _____ are planning to drive to Florida during spring break.

(A) we girls (C) girls we
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(B) us girls (D) girls
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9. This is the woman _____ the artist said posed as a model for the
painting.
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(A) who (C) which

(B) whom (D) whose
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10. Of those who took the exam with Jane and _____. I am the only one
who studied for it.
(A) he (C) him
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(B) his (D) himself

11. Let you and _____ agree to settle our differences without involving any
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of the other students.

(A) I (C) me
(B) myself (D) my

12. If you told us earlier _____ he was, we could have introduced him at
the meeting.
(A) who (C) whom
(B) which (D) whoever
 13. I always ask my sister and _____ for advice.
(A) her (C) hers
(B) she (D) herself

14. Two of the notebooks _____ Tom had lost on the bus were returned to
the main desk at his dormitory.
(A) what (C) which
(B) who (D) whose

15. He didn’t seem to mind _____ TV while he was trying to study.

(A) their watching (C) them watching

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(B) that they watch (D) them to watch

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TEST 5
Problems with Nouns
Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.

БГ
1. Please go to _____ to pick up your ID card.
(A) third window (C) window third
(B) the window three (D) the third window
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2. May I have two _____ instead of beans, please?
(A) corn’s ear (C) corn ears
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(B) ear of corns (D) ears of corn

3. If you want to find good information about graduate programs in the

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United States, look in _____ of the College Blue Books.

(A) volume two (C) the volume two
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(B) volume second (D) second volume

4. Let’s buy our tickets while I still have _____ left.

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(A) a few money (C) a few dollars

(B) a little money (D) a few dollar
5. The assignment for Monday was to read _____ in your textbooks.
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(A) chapter tenth (C) chapter the tenth

(B) the chapter ten (D) the tenth chapter
6. I always put my best _____ in a safe-deposit box.
(A) jewelries (C) pieces of jewelry
(B) jewelry’s pieces (D) piece of jewelries
7. It’s a shame that you have _____ time in New York on the tour.
(A) so few (C) a few
(B) so little (D) a little
8. We haven’t had _____ news from the disaster site since the
earthquake.
(A) many (C) much
(B) quite a few (D) some

9. John Kennedy was _____ of the United States.

(A) the thirty-five president (C) the president thirty-five
(B) the thirty-fifth president (D) president the thirty-five

10. I’ll have a cup of tea and _____.

(A) two toasts (C) two pieces of toast

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(B) two piece of toasts (D) two pieces of toasts

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11. The ticket agent said that the plane would be boarding at _____.
(A) the gate six (C) gate six
(B) sixth gate (D) the six gate

(B) a few information БГ

12. I will need _____ about the climate before I make a final decision.
(A) a few informations (C) a little informations
(D) a little information
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13. Sending _____ “special delivery” costs about fifteen times as much as
sending it “regular delivery”.
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(A) mails (C) a piece of mail

(B) a mail (D) pieces of a mail
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14. The Chicago bus is parked at _____.

(A) the lane two (C) lane two
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(B) the two lane (D) lane the two

15. We don’t have _____ tonight.
(A) many homeworks (C) many homework
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(B) much homeworks (D) much homework

TEST 6
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Problems with Modifiers

Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.
1. She hasn’t seen her family _____ three years ago.
(A) since (C) from
(B) for (D) before

2. Just put your coat in _____.

(A) the hall closet (C) the hall’s closet
(B) the closet of the hall (D) hall closet
 3. Bill came to work at the University thirty years _____ today.
(A) since (C) from
(B) before (D) ago

4. This drink tastes a little _____ to me.

(A) strongly (C) strong
(B) so strong (D) too much strong

5. I like these dishes but _____ is a little too small.

(A) the tea cup (C) the tea’s cup
(B) the cup tea (D) the cup for the tea

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6. My sister has a _____ baby.

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(A) two-months-old (C) two-months-olds
(B) two-month-olds (D) two-month-old

7. The one in the window was _____ expensive that I couldn’t afford it.

8.
(A) so
(B) too
БГ
(C) too much
(D) very

We used to go skiing in Michigan every winter, but _____ for the past
а
five seasons.
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(A) I don’t go (C) I’m not going

(B) I haven’t gone (D) I didn’t go
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9. It is _____ day that travel advisories have been issued for most of the
major highways.
(A) such snowy (C) such a snowy
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(B) so snowy (D) such snowy

10. Our reservations are for _____.

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(A) sixth June (C) the sixth of June

(B) six June (D) the six of June
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11. They listened _____ while the examiner gave them the directions for
Part I.
(A) attentive (C) attentiveness
(B) attentively (D) attention

12. The cookies that you sent over were _____ that I ate them all.
(A) very good (C) so good
(B) too good (D) good
13. Jacobson’s is one of the most expensive _____ in the city.
(A) department store (C) departments store
(B) departments stores (D) department stores

14. I don’t understand how John could have made _____ in judgment.
(A) such big mistake (C) so a big mistake
(B) such a big mistake (D) so big mistake

15. You can give me a receipt if you want to, but your word is _____ for
me.
(A) enough good (C) good enough

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(B) good as enough (D) good than enough

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TEST 7
Problems with Modifiers
Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.

БГ
1. Sam usually does his work very _____ and well, but today he seemed a
little preoccupied.
(A) careful (C) carefully
(B) careful manner (D) care
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2. Besides being expensive, the food in the cafeteria tastes _____.

(A) badly (C) too much bad
(B) too badly (D) bad
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3. _____here since 1976 when her parents moved from New York.
(A) She’s lived (C) She was living
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(B) She’s living (D) She’d live

4. We’ll get _____ by train if we leave tonight.
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(A) fast enough there (C) there enough fast

(B) there fast enough (D) enough fast there
5. It the cab arrives _____ you will miss your flight.
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(A) lately (C) more later

(B) lateness (D) late
6. It was _____ that we went camping in the mountains last weekend.
(A) such nice weather (C) too nice weather
(B) so nice a weather (D) nice weather so

7. The homecoming football game will be played on _____.

(A) two September (C) September two
(B) the second of September (D) The two of September
 8. Mary overslept and was _____ late that she missed her bus.
(A) so (C) much
(B) too (D) very

9. Could you please tell me the _____ for Biology 457 and Chemistry
610?
(A) rooms numbers (C) room’s number
(B) rooms number (D) room numbers

10. I think it’s _____ to take a few more pictures.

(A) enough light (C) light enough

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(B) light as enough (D) enough as light

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11. Last Sunday was _____ that we took a drive in the country.
(A) so beautiful day (C) such a beautiful weather
(B) such a beautiful a day (D) so beautiful a day

(B) mathematics teachers БГ

12. The conference was organized for all of the _____ in the state.
(A) mathematic teachers (C) mathematics teacher
(D) mathematic’s teachers
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13. It is difficult to find a _____ in the Washington area for less than $300 a
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month.
(A) two-bedroom apartment (C) two-bedrooms apartments
(B) two-bedrooms apartment (D) two-bedroom apartments
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14. I am especially glad that Bob decided to come to the party because we
hadn’t seen him _____ several months.
ио

(A) since (C) before

(B) until (D) for
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15. John and I like to watch the games on TV because we can see more
_____ than we could from a seat in the stadium.
(A) clear (C) clearly
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(B) clearness (D) clearer

TEST 8

Problems with Comparatives

Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.

1. I will return your notes as soon as _____ copying them.
(A) I will finish (C) I finish
(B) I do finish (D) I be finished
2. _____the worse I seem to feel.
(A) When I take more medicine (C) Taking more of the medicine
(B) The more medicine I take (D) More medicine taken

3. We will have to be careful not to get our suitcases mixed up because

yours is almost the same ____ mine.
(A) like (C) as
(B) to (D) that

4. My new glasses cost me _____ the last pair that I bought.

(A) times three (C) three times as much as

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(B) three times more than (D) as much three times as

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5. Although she is very popular, she is not _____ her sister.
(A) pretty as (C) prettier than
(B) as pretty (D) more pretty than

6.
(A) we’re finish
(B) we’ll finish БГ
We are going to Florida as soon as _____ taking our final exams.
(C) we’d finish
(D) we finish
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7. This new soap is not much _____ the others that I have tried.
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(A) different (C) different from

(B) different than (D) different that
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8. Ms. Jones isn’t as nice _____ Ms. Smith.

(A) as (C) like
(B) for (D) to
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9. The rooms in Graduate Towers are _____ Patterson Hall.

(A) larger than (C) larger than those in
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(B) larger than that of (D) larger than in

10. We’ll be there as soon as we _____ a babysitter for our son.
(A) will find (C) find
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(B) found (D) are finding

11. The final will be _____ the midterm.
(A) alike (C) same
(B) like (D) similar

12. They are _____ my other neighbors.

(A) more friendlier than (C) friendlier as
(B) friendly than (D) more friendly than
 13. Tuition at an American university runs _____ one thousand dollars a
semester.
(A) so high as (C) as high as
(B) as high to (D) as high than

14. _____ I get to know her, the more I like her.

(A) For more (C) The more
(B) More (D) The most

15. I would have paid _____ for my car if the salesman had insisted,
because I really wanted it.

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(A) as much twice (C) twice as much
(B) much twice (D) times two

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TEST 9

Problems with Connectors

БГ
Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.
1. We are considering buying a house in Gainesville, but we want to find
out _____ there first.
а
(A) what the taxes are (C) the taxes what are
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(B) what are the taxes (D) the taxes are

2. Betty moved from the dormitory _____ the noise.

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(A) because (C) because of

(B) cause (D) caused from
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3. I didn’t hear _____ when he gave us the assignment.

(A) what the professor says (C) what the professor said
(B) that the professor said (D) which the professor says
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4. He had to borrow a little money from his brother _____ he could finish
his education without working.
(A) so (C) so that
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(B) that (D) in order so

5. I wonder where _____.
(A) he did go (C) he went
(B) did he go (D) went he

6. Both Mary and Ellen, _____ Jane, are studying at the University of
Toledo.
(A) as well as (C) as well to
(B) well (D) and well as
7. We had a disagreement _____ the bus was late.
(A) because of (C) because
(B) caused of (D) caused

8. _____ the light rain, the baseball game will not be cancelled unless the
other team concedes.
(A) Despite of (C) In spite
(B) Despite in (D) Despite

9. I don’t have any idea what _____ for graduation.

(A) does she want (C) she want

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(B) she wants (D) is she wanting

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10. We were both pleased _____ honored to be guests of the president.
(A) also (C) alike
(B) and (D) as

11. I wonder _____ on sale.

(A) how much cost these shoes
(B) how much do these shoes cost БГ
(C) how much these shoes cost
(D) how much are these shoes cost
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12. We moved to the front row _____ we could hear and see better.
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(A) so (C) such

(B) so that (D) such that
13. James plays not only on the basketball squad _____.
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(A) but on the baseball (C) also on the baseball team

(B) but on the baseball team also (D) but also on the baseball team
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14. _____his wealth, he is not spoiled.

(A) Despite of (C) In spite of
(B) In despite (D) In spite
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15. Could you please tell me where _____?

(A) is the nearest bus stop located (C) is located the nearest bus stop
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(B) the nearest bus stop is located (D) located is the nearest bus stop

TEST 10

Cumulative Practice with Structures

Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.

1. Allen said that his trip was very _____.
(A) interested (C) interesting
(B) interest (D) of interest
 2. The cost is _____ for me.
(A) so much (C) very much
(B) too much (D) much too
3. Let’s call to see if _____ an extra ticket at the box office.
(A) is there (C) there is
(B) it may be (D) it is
4. Please don’t leave without _____ the lights.
(A) you turn off (C) turning off
(B) to turn off (D) you’ll turn off

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5. By the time he retires Professor Baker _____ for almost forty years.
(A) will teach (C) will have taught

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(B) has taught (D) will has taught
6. At a potluck dinner, everyone who comes must _____ a dish.
(A) take (C) carry

БГ
(B) get (D) bring
7. I’m sorry, but there isn’t _____.
(A) any left (C) leaving any
(B) left any (D) some left
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8. If you still don’t have an answer from the University of lowa, why _____
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call the admissions office?

(A) you don’t (C) not
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(B) not to (D) don’t

9. How much snow _____ now?
ио

(A) it is (C) there is

(B) is it (D) is there
10. My roommate lost a lot of weight _____ every day.
бл

(A) to exercise (C) for exercising

(B) for exercise (D) by exercising
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11. Something must be done quickly if endangered species _____ saved.

(A) are to be (C) can be
(B) be (D) will be
12. I thought I saw Professor Davis _____ in the library last night.
(A) working (C) worked
(B) to work (D) works
13. Mr. Jones got very sick _____ too hard.
(A) for working (C) by working
(B) from working (D) to work
14. I prefer writing a term paper _____ taking an examination.
(A) than (C) for
(B) to (D) that
15. I am going to take the bus _____ money.
(A) for to save (C) to save
(B) saving (D) by saving
TEST 11
Part A

Р
Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.
1. _____range in color from pale yellow to bright orange.

УИ
(A) Canaries (C) That canaries
(B) Canaries which (D) Canaries that are
2. Carnivorous plants _____ insects to obtain nitrogen.

БГ
(A) are generally trapped (C) are trapped generally
(B) trap generally (D) generally trap
3. A federal type of government results in _____.
(A) a vertical distribution of power
а
(B) power is distributed vertically
(C) vertically distributed
ек

(D) the distribution of power is vertical

4. February normally has twenty-eight days, but every fourth year, _____
т

has twenty-nine.
(A) there (C) is a leap year
ио

(B) its (D) a leap year, it

5. Evidence suggests that one-quarter of operations _____ bypass
surgery may be unnecessary.
бл

(A) they involve (C) involving

(B) involve (D) which they involve
Би

6. _____ a tornado spins in a counterclockwise direction in the Northern

Hemisphere, it spins in the opposite direction in the Southern
Hemisphere.
(A) However (C) Although
(B) Because of (D) That
7. The Caldecott Medal, _____ for the best children’s picture book, is
awarded each January.
(A) is a prize which (C) which a prize
(B) which prize (D) is a prize
 8. Sports medicine is a medical specialty that deals with the identification
and treatment of injuries to person _____.
(A) sports are involved (C) they are involved in sports
(B) involved in sports (D) sports involve them
9. The Wilmington Oil Field, in Long Beach, California, is one of _____ oil
fields in the continental United States.
(A) productive (C) most are productive
(B) the most productive (D) productivity
10. Thunder occurs as _____ through air, causing the heated air to expand
and collide with layers of cooler air.

Р
(A) an electrical charge

УИ
(B) passes an electrical charge
(C) the passing of an electrical charge
(D) an electrical charge passes

БГ
11. The population of Houston was ravaged by yellow fever in 1839 _____
in 1867.
(A) it happened again (C) was ravaged again
(B) and again (D) again once more
а
12. Researchers have long debated _____ Saturn’s moon Titan contains
ек

hydrocarbon oceans and lakes.

(A) over it (C) whether over
(B) whether the (D) whether
т

13. According to Bernoulli’s principle, the higher the speed of a fluid gas,
ио

_____ the pressure.

(A) it will be lower (C) the lower
(B) lower than the (D) lower it is
бл

14. The flight instructor, _____ at the air hase, said that orders not to flight
had been issued.
(A) when interviewed (C) when to interview
Би

(B) when interviewed (D) when interviewing

15. In northern and central parts of the state of Idaho _____ and churning
rivers.
(A) majestic mountains are found
(B) are majestic mountains found
(C) are found majestic mountains
(D) finding majestic mountains
 Part B

Identify errors.
16. Light can travels from the Sun to the Earth in eight minutes and twenty
A B C D
seconds.

17. Every human typically have twenty-three pairs of chromosomes in most

A B C D
cells.

Р
18. In the sport of fencing, three type of swords are used: the foil, the epee,
A B C D

УИ
and the sabre.

19. The Internal Revenue Service uses computers to check tax return
A

БГ
computations to determine the reasonableness of deductions, and
B
for verifying the accuracy of reported income.
C D
а
ек

20. There was four groups of twenty rats each involved in the test.
A B C D
т

21. The type of jazz known as “swing” was introduced by Duke Ellington
A B
when he wrote and records “It Don’t Mean a Thing If It Ain’t Got That
ио

C D
Swing”.
бл

22. The bones of mammals, not alike those of other vertebrates, show a
A B C D
high degree of differentiation.
Би

23. The United States receives a large amount of revenue from taxation of
A B C
a tobacco products.
D

24. Much fats are composed of one molecule of glycerin combined with
A B C
three molecules of fatty acids.
D
 25. The capital of the Confederacy was originally in Mobile, but they were
A B C
moved to Richmond.
D

26. A pearl develops when a tiny grain of sand or same another irritant
A B C
accidentally enters into the shell of a pearl oyster.
D

27. The English horn is an alto oboe with a pitch one fifth lower as that of

Р
A B C D
the soprano oboe.

УИ
28. In the Milky Way galaxy, the most recent observed supernova appeared
A B C
in 1604.
D

A
БГ
29. Although the name suggests otherwise, the ship know as Old Ironsides
B C
а
was built of oak and cedar rather than it was built of iron.
ек

30. Never in the history of humanity there have been more people living on
т

A B C D
this relatively small planet.
ио

31. Because of the mobile of American today, it is difficult for them to put
A B C
down real roots.
бл

32. For five years after the Civil War, Robert E. Lee served to president of
Би

A B
Washington College, which later was called Washington and Lee.
C D

33. Doctors successfully used hypnosis during World War II to treat

A B C
fatigue battle.
D
34. The lobster, like many crustaceans, can cast off a damaging
A B C
appendage and regenerate a new appendage to nearly normal size.
D

35. The main cause of the oceans’ tides is the gravitation pull of the Moon.
A B C D

36. The curricula of American public school are set in individual states; they
A B C
do not determine by the federal government.

Р
D

УИ
37. The fact that the sophisticated technology has become part of
A
revolution in travel delivery systems has not made travel schedules
B C
less hectic.
D

38. Balanchine’s
БГ
plotless ballets, such Jewels and The Four
а
A B
ек

Temperaments, present dance purely as a celebration of the movement

C D
of the human body.
т

39. In a solar battery, a photosensitive semiconducting substance such as

A B
ио

silicon crystal is the source of electrician.

C D
бл

40. In early days hydrochloric acid was done by heating a mixture of

A B C
sodium chloride with iron sulfate.
Би

D
TEST 12
Part A
Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.
1. _____, the outermost layer of skin, is about as thick as a sheet of paper
over most of the skin.
(A) It is the epidermis (C) The epidermis
(B) In the epidermis (D) The epidermis is
 2. Sam Spade in The Maltese Falcon and Rick Blaine in Casablanca
_____ of Humphrey Bogart’s more famous roles.
(A) they are two (C) two of them
(B) two of them are (D) are two
3. The compound microscope has not one _____ two lenses.
(A) and also (C) and there are
(B) but (D) but there are
4. During the Precambrian period, the Earth’s crust formed, and life ____
in the seas.

Р
(A) first appeared (C) is first appearing
(B) first to appear (D) appearing

УИ
5. The hard palate forms a partition _____ and nasal passages.
(A) the mouth (C) is between the mouth
(B) between the mouth (D) it is between the mouth

БГ
6. Conditions required for seed germination include abundant water, an
adequate supply of oxygen, and _____.
(A) the temperatures must be appropriate
(B) having appropriate temperatures
а
(C) appropriate temperatures
(D) appropriately temperature
ек

7. When fluid accumulates against the eardrum a second more insidious

type of _____.
т

(A) otitis media may develop (C) the developments of otitis media
(B) developing otitis media (D) to develop otitis media
ио

8. Some general theories of motivation _____ of central motives, from

which other motives develop.
(A) identify a limited number
бл

(B) identification of a limited amount

(C) identify a limited amount
(D) identifying a limited number
Би

9. Before the Statue of Liberty arrived in the United States, newspapers

invited the public to help determine where _____ placed after its arrival.
(A) should the statue be (C) it should be the statue
(B) the statue being (D) the statue should be
10. Hydroelectric power can be produced by _____ and using tidal flow to
run turbines.
(A) water basins are dammed (C) to dam water basins
(B) damming water basins (D) dams in water basins
11. Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis, ______of the Union and the
Confederacy during the Civil War, were both born in Kentucky.
(A) they were opposing presidents
(B) were opposing presidents
(C) opposing presidents
(D) presidents opposed

12. A stock _____ at an inflated price is called a watered stock.

(A) issued (C) it is issued
(B) is issued (D) which issued

Р
13. The leaves of the white mulberry provide food for silkworms, _____silk
fabrics are woven.

УИ
(A) whose cocoons (C) whose cocoons are from
(B) from cocoons (D) from whose cocoons

14. Not only _____ generate energy, but it also produces fuel for other
fission reactors.
(A) a nuclear breeder reactor
(B) it is a nuclear breeder reactor
(C) does a nuclear breeder reactor
БГ
а
(D) is a nuclear breeder reactor
ек

15. D. W. Griffith pioneered many of the stylistic features and filmmaking

techniques _____ as the Hollywood standard.
т

(A) that established (C) what established

(B) that became established (D) what became established
ио

Part B

Identify errors.
бл

16. Mosquitoes will accepts the malaria parasite at only one stage of the
A B C
parasite’s complex life cycle.
Би

D
17. The counterpart of a negative electrons is the positive proton.
A B C D

18. The ankle joint occur where the lower ends of the tibia and fibula slot
A B
neatly around the talus.
C D
 19. In the United States and Canada, motor vehicle laws affect the operate
A B C
of motorcycles as well as automobiles.
D

20. The neocortex is, in evolutionary terms, most recent layer of the brain.
A B C D

21. There are more than eighty-four million specimens in the National
A B
Museum of Natural History’s collection of biological, geological, and

Р
C
anthropology treasures.

УИ
D

22. After George Washington married widow Martha Custis, the couple
A B

БГ
came to resides at Mount Vernon.
C D

23. At this stage in their development, rubberized asphalt can hardly be

а
A B C
classified as cutting edge.
ек

24. Rhesus monkeys exhibit patterns of shy similar to those in humans.

т

A B C D

25. In space, with no gravity for muscles to work against, the body becomes
ио

A B C
weakly.
D
бл

26. Fort Jefferson, in the Dry Tortugas off the southern tip of Florida, can be
A B
Би

reach only by boat or plane.

C D

27. A zoom lens produces an inverted real image, either on the film in a camera
A B C
and on the light-sensitive tube of a television camera.
D

28. Supersonic flight that is faster the speed of sound.

A B C D
29. The Betataken House Ruins at Navajo National Monument is among
A
the largest and most elaborate cliff dwellings in the country.
B C D
30. It is a common observation that liquids will soak through some materials
A B
but not through other.
C D

Р
31. The number of wild horses on Assateague are increasing lately,
A B

УИ
resulting in overgrazed marsh and dune grasses.
C D
32. The newsreels of Hearst Metronome News, which formed part of every

БГ
A
moviegoer’s experience in the era before television, offer an unique
B C
record of the events of the 1930’s.
D
а
33. Unlikely gas sport balloons, hot air balloons do not have nets.
ек

A B C D
34. Born in Massachusetts in 1852, Albert Farbanks has begun making
т

A B C
banjos in Boston in the late 1870’s.
ио

D
35. Dwight David Eisenhower, military offer and thirty-fourth president of the
A
бл

United States, lived in the White House and of least thirty-seven other
B C D
residences.
Би

36. Methane in wetlands comes from soil bacteria that consumes organic
A B C
plant matter.
D
37. Alois Alzheimer made the first observers of the telltale signs of the
A B
disease that today bears his name.
C D
 38. Edward MacDowell remembers as the composer of such perennial
A B C
favorites as To a Wild Rose and To a Water Lily.
D
39. Animism is the belief that objects and natural phenomena such as
A B
rivers, rocks, and wind are live and have feelings.
C D
40. Newtonian physics accounts for the observing orbits of the planets and
A B C D

Р
the moons.

УИ
TEST 13
Part A

БГ
Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.
1. Violence on American campuses has abated _____.
(A) after 1970 (C) for 1970
(B) in 1970 (D) since 1970
а
2. Ancient civilizations such as the Phoenicians and the Mesopotamians
ек

_____ rather than use money.

(A) use to trade (C) used to trade
(B) is used to trade (D) was used to trade
т

3. Most Americans don’t object _____ them by their first names.

(A) that I call (C) for calling
ио

(B) to my calling (D) that I am call

4. North Carolina is well known not only for the Great Smoky Mountains
бл

National Park _____ for the Cherokee Indian settlements.

(A) also (C) but also
(B) and (D) because of
Би

5. General Grant had General Lee _____ him at Appomattox to sign the
official surrender of the Confederate forces.
(A) to meet (C) meet
(B) met (D) meeting

6. If a ruby is heated it _____ temporarily lose its color.

(A) would (B) will (C) does (D) has
7. _____small specimen of the embryonic fluid is removed from a fetus, it
will be possible to determine whether the baby will be born with birth
defects.
(A) A (C) If a
(B) That a (D) When it is a

8. All of the people at the AAME conference are _____.

(A) mathematic teachers (C) mathematics teacher
(B) mathematics teachers (D) mathematic’s teachers

9. To generate income, magazine publishers must decide whether to

Р
increase the subscription price or _____.
(A) to sell advertising

УИ
(B) if they should sell advertising
(C) selling advertising
(D) sold advertising

(A) be (B) is БГ
10. If it _____ more humid in the desert Southwest the hot temperatures
would be unbearable.
(C) was (D) were
а
11. _____ Java Man, who lived before the first Ice Age, is the first manlike
ек

animal.
(A) It is generally believed that
(B) Generally believed it is
т

(C) Believed generally is

(D) That it is generally believed
ио

12. For the investor who _____ money, silver or bonds are good options.
(A) has so little a (C) has so few
(B) has very little (D) has very few
бл

13. Prices for bikes can run _____ $250.

(A) as high as (C) so high to
Би

(B) as high to (D) so high as

14. According to the conditions of my scholarship, after finishing my degree,

_____.
(A) my education will be employed by the university
(B) employment will be given to me by the university
(C) the university will employ me
(D) I will be employed by the university
 15. Travelers _____ their reservations well in advance if they want to fly
during the Christmas holidays.
(A) had better to get (C) had better get
(B) had to get better (D) had better got
Part B
Identify errors.
16. The duties of the secretary are to take the minutes, mailing the
A B C
correspondence, and calling the members before meetings.
D

Р
17. If biennials were planted this year, they will be likely to bloom next year

УИ
A B C D
and every two years thereafter.
18. The value of the dollar declines as the rate of inflation raises.

БГ
A B C D
19. Even though a member has drank too much the night before, the
A B C
а
counselors at Alcoholics Anonymous will try to convince him or her to
D
ек

sober up and stop drinking again.

20. Anthropologists assert that many of the early American Plains Indians
т

did not engage in planting crops but to hunt, living primarily on buffalo
A B C D
meat.
ио

21. The neutron bomb provides the capable of a limited nuclear war
A B
бл

in which buildings would be preserved, but people would be destroyed.

C D
22. The different attractions of the sun and the moon have a direct effect in
Би

A B
the rising and falling of the tides.
C D

23. Despite of the pills which are available, many people still have trouble
A B C
sleeping.
D
24. Before TV, the common man seldom never had the opportunity to see
A B
and hear his leaders express their views.
C D
25. If it receives enough rain at the proper time, hay will grow quickly as
A B C D
grass.
26. Psychology Today is interesting, informative, and it is easy to read.
A B C D

Р
27. Before she died, the daughter of Andrew Jackson who lives in the
A B C

УИ
family mansion used to take tourists through her home.
D
28. It is essential that the temperature is not elevated to a point where the

БГ
A B
substance formed may become unstable and decompose into its
C D
constituent elements.
а
29. Two of the players from the Yankees has been chosen to participate in
ек

A B C D
the All Star game.
т

30. John Philip Sousa, who many people consider the greatest composer of
A B C
marches, wrote his music during the era known as the Gay 90s.
ио

D
31. In order for one to achieve the desired results in this experiment, it is
бл

necessary that he work as fastly as possible.

A B C D
32. Whoever inspected this radio should have put their identification
Би

A B C D
number on the box.
33. The new model costs twice more than last year’s model.
A B C D

34. The purpose of the United Nations, broad speaking, is to maintain

A B C
peace and security and to encourage respect for human rights.
D
 35. It is an accepted custom for one to say “excuse me” when he sneezed.
A B C D
36. Even though Miss Colombia lost the beauty contest, she was still
A B
more prettier than the other girls in the pageant.
C D
37. There have been little change in the patient’s condition since he
A B C
was moved to the intensive care unit.
D

Р
38. Although we are concerned with the problem of energy sources, we

УИ
A
must not fail recognizing the need for environmental protection.
B C D

БГ
39. Because of the movement of a glacier, the form of the Great Lakes was
A B C
very slow.
D
а
40. Professor Baker recommended that we are present at the reception
ек

A
this afternoon in order to meet the representatives from the Fulbright
B C D
т

Commission.
TEST 14
ио

Part A
Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.
бл

1. It is important that the TOEFL Office _____ your registration.

(A) will confirm (C) confirms
(B) confirm (D) must confirm
Би

2. As a safety precaution, all city cabdrivers carry only enough money to

make change for a _____ bill.
(A) ten-dollar (C) tens dollar
(B) ten-dollars (D) tens dollars

3. _____that the English settled in Jamestown.

(A) In 1607 that it was (C) Because in 1607
(B) That in 1607 (D) It was in 1607
4. Staying in a hotel costs _____ renting a room in a dormitory for a week.
(A) twice more than (C) as much
(B) twice as much as (D) as much as twice
5. When friends insist on _____ expensive gifts, it makes most Americans
uncomfortable.
(A) them to accept (C) they accepting
(B) their accepting (D) they accept
6. Gilbert Stuart is considered by most art critics _____ greatest portrait
painter in the North American colonies.

Р
(A) that he was (C) who was the

УИ
(B) as he was (D) the
7. As a safety measure, the detonator for a nuclear device may be made
of _____ each of which is controlled by a different employee.
(A) two equipments (C) two pieces of equipment

БГ
(B) two pieces of equipments (D) two equipment pieces
8. A student should tell a dorm counselor if _____ live with his roommate
again next year.
а
(A) he’d rather not (C) he’ll rather not
(B) he won’t rather (D) he’d rather didn’t
ек

9. It is the first time that the Princess of Wales has been to the United
States, _____?
т

(A) isn’t she (C) isn’t it

(B) hasn’t she (D) hasn’t it
ио

10. _____two waves pass a given point simultaneously, they will have no
effect on each other’s subsequent motion.
(A) So that (C) That
бл

(B) They are (D) If

11. A child in the first grate tends to be _____ all of the other children in his
class.
Би

(A) the same old to (C) as old like

(B) the same age than (D) the same age as
12. Most foreign students don’t like American coffee, and _____.
(A) I don’t too (C) neither don’t I
(B) either don’t I (D) neither do I
13. We had hoped _____ the game, but the other team played very well.
(A) State University to win (C) that State University would win
(B) that State University win (D) State University’s winning
 14. This plant is _____ big that it should really be moved outside.
(A) so (C) such
(B) too (D) very

15. Unlike most Europeans, many Americans _____ bacon and eggs for
breakfast every day.
(A) used to eating (C) are used to eating
(B) are used to eat (D) used to eat

Part B

Р
Identify errors.
16. Whoever turned in the last test did not put their name on the paper.

УИ
A B C D

17. The most common form of treatment it is mass inoculation and

A B C
chlorination of water sources.
D
БГ
18. People with an exceptionally high intelligence quotient may not be
а
A
ек

the best employees since they become bored of their work unless the
B C
job is constantly changing.
т

19. Neither the mathematics department nor the biology department at

ио

A
State University requires that the students must write a thesis in order
B
бл

to graduate with a master’s degree.

C D
Би

20. The oxygen content of Mars is not sufficient enough to support life as
A B C
we know it.
D

21. Students in the United States often support themselves by babysitting,

A B C
working in restaurants, or they drive taxicabs.
D
22. Those of us who have a family history of heart disease should make
A B
yearly appointments with their doctors.
C D

23. Although federal support for basic research programs are much less
A B C
than it was ten years ago, more funds are now available from the
D
National Science Foundation.

Р
24. Living in New York, apartments cost more to rent than they do in other,
A B C

УИ
smaller cities.
D

25. This new model not only saves time but also energy by operating on
A
two batteries instead of four.
D БГ B C
а
26. The government requires that a census be taken every ten years so
ек

A B C
accurate statistics may be compiled.
D
т

27. In 1975, according to the National Center for Health Statistics, the
A
ио

average life expectancy for people born during that year is 72.4 years.
B C D
бл

28. The flag is risen in the morning and taken down at night by the Boy
A B C D
Scouts.
Би

29. When the silkworm gets through to lay its eggs, it dies.
A B C D
30. Frank Lloyd Wright has been acclaimed by colleagues as the greater of
A B C D
all modern architects.

31. Scientists had previously estimated that the Grand Canyon in Arizona is
A B
 ten million years old; but now, by using a more modern dating method,
C
they agree that the age is closer to six million years.
D

32. There have been a tornado watch issued for Texas Country until eleven
A B C D
o’clock tonight.

33. Professor Baker, with six of his graduate students, are attending a
A

Р
conference in Boston organized to compare current business practices
B C

УИ
in the United States with those of other nations.
D

34. Jane Addams had already established Hull House in Chicago and
A

БГ B
began her work in the Women’s Suffrage Movement when she was
C
awarded the Nobel Prize for peace.
а
D
ек

35. If one had though about the alternatives, you would not have chosen
A B
т

such a difficult topic for a term paper.

C D
ио

36. Although jogging is a good way to lose weight and improve one’s
A
physical condition, most doctors recommend that the potential jogger
бл

B
begin in a correct manner by getting a complete check up.
C D
Би

37. The flag of the original first colonies may or may not have been made
A B
by Betsy Ross during the Revolution.
C D
38. To the men who worked so hard on the project, the news was profound
A B C D
disappointing.
39. The Indians of the southwestern United States are famous for their
A
beautiful art work, especially handmade jewelry cast from silver, carved
B C
from stones, or decorations with beads and feathers.
D

40. Because the solar tiles were very secure fastened, only a few became
A B
detached when the Space Shuttle reentered the earth’s atmosphere.
C D

Р
TEST 15

УИ
Part A

Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.

1.

(A) gate two

(B) the gate two
БГ
Flight nineteen from New York and Washington is now arriving at
_____.
(C) the two gate
(D) second gate
а
ек

2. _____ 1000 species of finch have been identified.

(A) As many as (C) As much as
(B) As many (D) Much as
т

3. The greater the demand, _____ the price.

(A) higher (C) the higher
ио

(B) high (D) the high

4. The United States is _____ that there are five time zones.
бл

(A) much big (C) so big

(B) too big (D) very big
Би

5. Benjamin West contributed a great deal to American art: _____.

(A) painting, teaching, and lecturing
(B) painting, as a teacher and lecturer
(C) painting, teaching, and as a lecturer
(D) painting, a teacher, and a lecturer

6. Most insurance agents would rather you _____ anything about

collecting claims until they investigate the situation.
(A) do (C) don’t
(B) didn’t do (D) didn’t
 7. Upon hatching, _____.
(A) young ducks know how to swim
(B) swimming is known by young ducks
(C) the knowledge of swimming is in young ducks
(D) how to swim is known in young ducks

8. The observation deck at the World Trade Center _____ in New York.
(A) is highest than any other one
(B) is higher than any other one
(C) is highest that any other one
(D) is higher that any other one

Р
9. A seventeen-year-old is not _____ to vote in an election.

УИ
(A) old enough (C) enough old
(B) as old enough (D) enough old as
10. _____ is necessary for the development of strong bones and teeth.

БГ
(A) It is calcium (C) Calcium
(B) That calcium (D) Although calcium
11. After the assassination attempt, President Reagan’s doctor suggest
that he _____ a short rest at Camp David.
а
(A) will take (C) take
ек

(B) would take (D) took

12. Only after food has been fried or canned _____.
т

(A) that it should be stored for later consumption

(B) should be stored for later consumption
(C) should it be stored for later consumption
ио

(D) it should be stored for later consumption

13. Not until a monkey is several years old _____ to exhibit signs of
бл

independence from its mother.

(A) it begins (C) and begin
(B) does it begin (D) beginning
Би

14. Almost everyone fails _____ on the first try.

(A) in passing his driver’s test
(B) to pass his driver’s test
(C) to have passed his driver’s test
(D) passing his driver’s test
15. Since Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s father never approved of _____
Robert Browning, the couple eloped to Italy where they lived and wrote.
(A) her to marry (C) she marring
(B) her marring (D) she to marry
 Part B
Identify errors.
16. The information officer at the bank told his customers that there was
A B C D
several different kinds of checking accounts available.
17. The first electric lamp had two carbon rods from which vapor serves
A B C
to conduct the current across the gap.
D

Р
18. The Department of Fine Arts and Architecture has been criticized for
A

УИ
not having much required courses scheduled for this semester.
B C D
19. In order to get married in this state, one must present a medical report

БГ
A B
along with your identification.
C D
20. Although no country has exactly the same folk music like that of any
а
A B C
ек

other, it is significant that similar songs exist among widely separated

D
people.
т

21. Despite of the Taft-Hartley Act which forbids unfair union practices,
ио

A B
some unions such as the air traffic controllers have voted to strike even
C D
though it might endanger the national security.
бл

22. Never before has so many people in the United States been
A B C
Би

interested in soccer.
D

23. The rest of the stockholders will receive his reports in the mail along
A B C
with a copy of today’s proceedings.
D
 24. Not one in one hundred children exposed to the disease are likely
A B C
to develop symptoms of it.
D
25. There is an unresolved controversy as to whom is the real author of the
A B C
Elizabethan plays commonly credited to William Shakespeare.
D
26. A catalytic agent such as platinum may be used so the chemical
A B

Р
reaction advances more rapidly.

УИ
C D
27. From the airplane, passengers are able to clearly see the outline of the
A B C D
whole island.

БГ
28. When a patient’s blood pressure is much higher than it should be, a
A
doctor usually insists that he will not smoke.
B C
а
D
ек

29. Excavations in several mounds and villages on the east bank of the
A
Euphrates River have revealed the city of Nebuchadnezzar, an ancient
т

B
community that had been laying under later reconstructions of the city
C D
ио

of Babylon.
30. First raise your right hand, and then, you should repeat after me.
бл

A B C D
31. Located in the cranial cavity in the skull, the brain is the larger mass of
A B C
Би

nerve tissue in the human body.

D
32. The examination will test your ability to understand spoken English, to
A B
read nontechnical language, and writing correctly.
C D
33. Alike other forms of energy, natural gas may be used to heat homes,
A B C
cook food, and even run automobiles.
D
34. An organ is a group of tissues capable to perform some special
A B C
function, as for example, the heart, the liver, or the lungs.
D
35. Insulin, it is used to treat diabetes and is secured chiefly from the
A B C D

Р
pancreas of cattle and hogs.

УИ
36. Please send me information with regard of insurance policies available
A B C
from your company.
D

B
БГ
37. Dairying is concerned not only with the production of milk, but with the
A
manufacture of milk products such as butter and cheese.
D
C
а
38. If you will buy one box at the regular price, you would receive
ек

A B
another one at no extra cost.
т

C D
39. When he was a little boy, Mark Twain would walk along the piers, watch
ио

A B C
the river boats, swimming and fish in the Mississippi, much like his
D
бл

famous character, Tom Sawyer.

40. The bell signaling the end of the first period rang loud, interrupting the
A B C
Би

professor’s closing comments.

D
TEST 16
Part A
Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.
1. Overexposure to the sun causes _____ health problems.
(A) various (C) but
(B) among (D) of
 2. Although the weather in Martha’s Vineyard isn’t _____ to have a year
round tourist season, it has become a favorite summer resort.
(A) goodly enough (C) good as enough
(B) good enough (D) enough good

3. _____to go to the grocery store every day?

(A) Do people in your country like
(B) People in your country like
(C) May people in your country liked
(D) Have people in your country like

Р
4. In many ways, ridding a bicycle is similar to _____.
(A) the driving of a car (C) driving a car

УИ
(B) when you drive a car (D) when driving a car

5. Although most adopted persons want the right to know who their
natural parents are, some who have found them wish that they _____
the experience of meeting.
(A) hadn’t
(B) didn’t have had БГ(C) hadn’t had
(D) hadn’t have
а
6. Canada does not require that U.S. citizens obtain passports to enter the
ек

country, and _____.

(A) Mexico does neither (C) Neither Mexico does
(B) Mexico doesn’t either (D) Either does Mexico
т

7. Kubrick’s going to be nominated to receive the Academy Award for best

director, _____?
ио

(A) won’t he (C) doesn’t he

(B) didn’t he (D) isn’t he
бл

8. _____ the formation of the Sun, the planets, and other stars began with
the condensation of an interstellar cloud.
(A) It accepted that (C) It is accepted that
Би

(B) Accepted that (D) That is accepted

9. The speaker is _____.

(A) very well acquainted with the subject
(B) recognized as an authority who knows a great deal in terms of the
subject
(C) someone who knows well enough about the subject which he has
undertaken to do the speaking
(D) a person who has close awareness of the subject that he speaks
about so much
10. The Consumer Price Index lists _____.
(A) how much costs every car
(B) how much does every car cost
(C) how much every car costs
(D) how much are every car cost

11. The Ford Theater where Lincoln was shot _____.

(A) must restore (C) must have been restored
(B) must be restoring (D) must restored

12. Fast-food restaurants have become popular because many working

Р
people want _____.
(A) to eat quickly and cheaply

УИ
(B) eating quickly and cheaply
(C) eat quickly and cheaply
(D) the eat quickly and cheaply

13. After seeing the movie Centennial, _____.

(A) the book was read by many people
БГ
(B) the book made many people want to read it
(C) many people wanted to read the book
а
(D) the reading of the book interested many people
ек

14. _____, Carl Sandburg is also well known for his multivolume biography
of Lincoln.
т

(A) An eminent American poet

(B) He is an eminent American poet
(C) An eminent American poet who is
ио

(D) Despite an eminent American poet

15. The examiner made us _____ our identification in order to be admitted

бл

to the test center.

(A) showing (C) showed
(B) show (D) to show
Би

Part B

Identify errors.
16. Neither of the two candidates who had applied for admission to the
A B C
Industrial Engineering Department were eligible for scholarships.
D
 17. Upon reading Innocents Abroad by Mark Twain, one begins
A B
to understand the value of your common sense.
C D

18. Those of us who smoke should have their lungs X-rayed regularly.
A B C D

19. After the team of geologists had drawn diagrams in their notebooks and
A
wrote explanations of the formations which they had observed, they

Р
B C
returned to their campsite to compare notes.

УИ
D

20. If Robert Kennedy would have lived a little longer, he probably would
A B C
have won the election.
D
БГ
21. It was her who represented her country in the United Nations and later
а
A B C D
ек

became ambassador to the United States.

22. The prices at The Economy Center are as reasonable, if not more
т

A B C
reasonable, as those at comparable stores.
D
ио

23. It is extremely important for an engineer to know to use a computer.

A B C D
бл

24. Historically there has been only two major fractions in the Republican
A B C D
Party – the liberals and the conservatives.
Би

25. Whitman wrote Leaves of Grass as a tribute to the Civil War soldiers
who had laid on the battlefields and whom he had seen while serving
A B C D
as an army nurse.
26. The registrar has requested that each student and teacher sign
A
their name on the grade sheet before submitting it.
B C D
27. The Chinese were the first and large ethnic group to work on the
A B C
construction of the transcontinental railroad system.
D

28. The president, with his wife and daughter, are returning from a brief
A B
vacation at Sun Valley in order to attend a press conference
C
this afternoon.
D

Р
29. Even a professional psychologist may have difficulty talking calm and

УИ
A B
logically about his own problems.
C D

БГ
30. The more the relative humidity reading rises, the worst the heat affects
A B C
us.
D
а
31. The shore patrol has found the body of a man who they believe to be
ек

A B C
the missing marine biologist.
D
т

32. Lectures for the week of March 22-26 will include the following: The
A B C
ио

Causes of the Civil War, The Economy of the south, Battle Strategies,
and Assassinating Lincoln.
D
бл

33. Despite of many attempts to introduce a universal language, notably

A B C
Esperanto and Idiom Neutral, the effort has met with very little success.
Би

D
34. As every other nation, the United States used to define its unit of
A B C D
currency, the dollar, in terms of the gold standard.
35. It is necessary that one met with a judge before signing the final papers
A B C
for a divorce.
D
 36. Until recently, women were forbidden by law from owning property.
A B C D

37. According to the graduate catalog, student housing is more cheaper

A B C
than housing off campus.
D

38. John Dewey though that children will learn better through participating
A B
in experiences rather than through listening to lectures.

Р
C D

УИ
39. In England as early as the twelfth century, young boys enjoyed to play
A B C D
football.

БГ
40. Some methods to prevent soil erosion are plowing parallel with the
A B C
slopes of hills, to plant trees on unproductive land, and rotating crops.
D
а
TEST 17
ек

Part A
т

Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.

1. Doctoral students who are preparing to take their qualifying
ио

examinations have been studying in the library every night _____ the
last three months.
(A) since (C) before
бл

(B) until (D) for

2. Having been selected to represent the Association of American

Би

Engineers at the International Convention, _____.

(A) the members applauded him
(B) he gave a short acceptance speech
(C) a speech had to be given by him
(D) the members congratulated him

3. _____ of the play, Morning Becomes Electra, introduces the cast of

characters and hints at the plot.
(A) The act first (C) Act first
(B) Act one (D) First act
4. As soon as _____ with an acid, salt, and sometimes water, is formed.
(A) a base will react (C) a base is reacting
(B) a base reacts (D) the reaction of a base
5. The Internal Revenue Service _____ their tax forms by April 15 every
year.
(A) makes all Americans file
(B) makes all Americans to file
(C) makes the filing of all Americans
(D) makes all Americans filing
6. Although one of his ships succeeded in sailing all the way back to

Р
Spain through the Cape of Good Hope, Magellan never completed the

УИ
first circumnavigation of the world, and _____.
(A) most of his crew didn’t too
(B) neither most of his crew did
(C) neither did most of his crew

БГ
(D) most of his crew didn’t also
7. To answer accurately is more important than _____.
(A) a quick finish (C) finishing quickly
(B) to finish quickly (D) you finish quickly
а
8. Weathering ______ the action whereby surface rock is disintegrated or
ек

decomposed.
(A) it is (C) is
(B) is that (D) being
т

9. A telephone recording tells callers _____.

(A) what time the movie starts
ио

(B) what time starts the movie

(C) what time does the movie start
(D) the movie starts what time
бл

10. The people of Western Canada have been considering _____

themselves from the rest of the provinces.
Би

(A) to separate (C) separate

(B) separated (D) separating
11. It costs about thirty dollars to have a tooth _____.
(A) filling (B) to fill (C) filled (D) fill
12. Not until a student has mastered algebra _____ the principles of
geometry, trigonometry, and physics.
(A) he can begin to understand
(B) can he begin to understand
 (C) he begins to understand
(D) begins to understand

13. Although Margaret Mead had several assistants during her long
investigations of Samoa, the bulk of the research was done by _____
alone.
(A) herself (C) her
(B) she (D) hers

14. Several of these washers and dryers are out of order and _____.
(A) need to be repairing

Р
(B) repairing is required of them
(C) require that they be repaired

УИ
(D) need to be repaired

15. Thirty-eight national sites are known as parks, another eighty-two as

monuments, and _____.

БГ
(A) the another one hundred seventy-eight as historical sites
(B) the other one hundred seventy-eight as historical sites
(C) seventy-eight plus one hundred more as historical sites
(D) as historical sites one hundred seventy-eight
а
ек

Part B

Identify errors.
т

16. Interest in automatic data processing has grown rapid since the first
A B C D
large calculators were introduced in 1950.
ио

17. Vaslov Nijinsky achieved world recognition as both a dancer as well as

A B C D
бл

a choreographer.

18. It is interesting to compare the early stylized art forms of ancient

Би

A B C
civilizations to the modern abstract forms of today.
D

19. It is said that Einstein felt very badly about the application of his
A B C
theories to the creation of weapons of war.
D
20. The plants that they belong to the family of ferns are quite varied in
A B C
their size and structure.
D

21. Despite of the increase in air fares, most people still prefer to travel by
A B C D
plane.

22. All of we students must have an identification card in order to check

A B

Р
books out of the library.
C D

УИ
23. Columbus Day is celebrated on the twelve of October because on that
A B C D
day in 1492, Christopher Columbus first landed in the Americas.

БГ
24. This vase has the same design, but it is different shaped from that one.
A B C D
а
25. An unexpected raise in the cost of living as well as a decline in
ек

A B
employment opportunities has resulted in the rapid creation by
C D
т

Congress of new government programs for the unemployed.

26. It is imperative that a graduate student maintains a grade point average

ио

A B
of “B” in his major field.
C D
бл

27. Because of the approaching storm, the wind began to blow hard and
A B C
Би

the sky became dark as evening.

D

28. Economists have tried to discourage the use of the phrase

A B
“underdeveloped nation” and encouraging the more accurate phrase
C D
“developing nation” in order to suggest an on going process.
 29. A good artist like a good engineer learns as much from their mistakes
A B C
as from successes.
D

30. After he had ran for half a mile, he passed the stick to the next runner.
A B C D

31. Regardless of your teaching method, the objective of any conversation

A
class should be for the students to practice speaking words.

Р
B C D

УИ
32. A City University professor reported that he discovers a vaccine which
A B
has been 80 percent effective in reducing the instances of tooth decay
C
among small children.
D
БГ
33. American baseball teams, once the only contenders for the world
а
A
ек

championship, are now being challenged by either Japanese teams and

B C D
Venezuelan teams.
т

34. When they have been frightened, as, for example, by an electrical
A B C
ио

storm, dairy cows may refuse giving milk.

D
бл

35. Miami, Florida, is among the few cities in the United States which
A B
has been awarded official status as a bilingual municipality.
Би

C D
36. No other quality is more important for a scientist to acquire as to
A B C
observe carefully.
D
37. After the police had tried unsuccessfully to determine to who the car
A B C
belonged, they towed it into the station.
D
38. Fertilizers are used primarily to enrich the soil and increasing yield.
A B C D

39. If the ozone gases of the atmosphere did not filter out the ultraviolet
A
rays of the sun, life, as we know it, would not have evolved on earth.
B C D

40. The regulation requires that everyone who holds a non-immigrant visa
A B
reports his address to the federal government in January of each year.

Р
C D

УИ
TEST 18

Part A

1.
(A) very rapidly
(B) in a rapid manner
БГ
Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.
When a body enters the earth’s atmosphere, it travels _____.
(C) fastly
(D) with great speed
а
ек

2. Put plants _____ a window so that they will get enough light.
(A) near to (C) next to
(B) near of (D) nearly
т

3. Employers often require that candidates have not only a degree in

engineering _____.
ио

(A) but two years experience

(B) also two years experience
(C) but also two years experience
бл

(D) but more two years experience

4. Richard Nixon had been a lawyer and _____ before he entered politics.
(A) served in the Navy as an officer
Би

(B) an officer in the Navy

(C) the Navy had him as an officer
(D) did service in the Navy as an officer
5. If one of the participants in a conversation wonders _____, no real
communication has taken place.
(A) what said the other person
(B) what the other person said
(C) what did the other person say
(D) what was the other person saying
 6. The salary of a bus driver is much higher _____.
(A) in comparison with the salary of a teacher
(B) than a teacher
(C) than that of a teacher
(D) to compare as a teacher

7. Professional people appreciate _____ when it is necessary to cancel an

appointment.
(A) you to call them (C) your calling them
(B) that you would call them (D) that you are calling them

Р
8. The assignment for Monday is to write a _____ about your hometown.
(A) five-hundred-word composition

УИ
(B) five-hundred-words composition
(C) five-hundreds-words composition
(D) five-hundreds-word composition

9.

БГ
Farmers look forward to _____ every summer.
(A) participating in the country fairs
(B) participate in the country fairs
(C) be participating in the country fairs
а
(D) have participated in the country fairs
ек

10. A computer is usually chosen because of its simplicity of operation and

ease of maintenance _____ its capacity to store information.
т

(A) the same as (C) as well as

(B) the same (D) as well
ио

11. Many embarrassing situations occur _____ a misunderstanding.

(A) for (C) because of
(B) of (D) because
бл

12. Neptune is an extremely cold planet, and _____.

(A) so does Uranus (C) so is Uranus
Би

(B) so has Uranus (D) Uranus so

13. _____that gold was discovered at Sutter’s Mill, and that the California
Gold Rush began.
(A) Because in 1848 (C) In 1848 that it was
(B) That in 1848 (D) It was in 1848

14. The crime rate has continued to rise in American cities despite efforts
on the part of both government and private citizens to curb _____.
(A) them (B) him (C) its (D) it
15. Frost occurs in valleys and on low grounds _____ on adjacent hills.
(A) more frequently as (C) more frequently than
(B) as frequently than (D) frequently than

Part B

Identify errors.
16. The statement will be spoken just one time; therefore, you must listen
A
very careful in order to understand what the speaker has said.
B C D

Р
17. Every man and woman should vote for the candidate of their choice.

УИ
A B C D
18. In the relatively short history of industrial developing
A B

БГ
in the United States, New York City has played a vital role.
C D
19. As the demand increases, manufacturers who previously produced only
A
а
a large, luxury car is compelled to make a smaller model in order to
ек

B C D
complete in the market.
т

20. For the first time in the history of the country the person which
A
was recommended by the president to replace a retiring justice on the
ио

B C D
Supreme Court is a woman.
бл

21. A prism is used to refract white light so it spreads out in a continuous

A B C
spectrum of colors.
D
Би

22. Despite of rain or snow there are always more than fifty thousand fans
A B C
at the OSU football games.
D
23. The prices of homes are as high that most people cannot afford to buy
A B C
them.
D
 24. To see the Statue of Liberty and taking pictures from the top of the
A B
Empire State Building are two reasons for visiting New York City.
C D
25. There are twenty species of wild roses in North America, all of which
A
have prickly stems, pinnate leaves, and large flowers which usually
B C
smell sweetly.
D

Р
26. Having chose the topics for their essays, the students were instructed

УИ
A B C
to make either a preliminary outline or a rough draft.
D
27. Factoring is the process of finding two or more expressions whose

БГ
A B C
product is equal as a given expression.
D
а
28. If Grandma Moses having been able to continue farming she might
A B
ек

never have begun to paint.

C D
т

29. Since infection can cause both fever as well as pain, it is a good idea
A B
ио

to check his temperature.

C D
бл

30. In response to question thirteen, I enjoy modern art, classical music,

A B C
and to read.
D
Би

31. They asked us, Henry and I, whether we thought that the statistics
A B
had been presented fairly and accurately.
C D

32. In purchasing a winter coat, it is very important for trying it on with

A B C D
heavy clothing underneath.
33. What happened in New York were a reaction from city workers,
A B
including firemen and policemen who had been laid off from their jobs.
C D

34. I sometimes wish that my university is as large as State University

A B
because our facilities are more limited than theirs.
C D

35. Some executives insist that the secretary is responsible for writing all

Р
A B C
reports as well as for balancing the books.

УИ
D

36. Although a doctor may be able to diagnose a problem perfect, he still

A B

C D
БГ
may not be able to find a drug to which the patient will respond.

37. Although the Red Cross accepts blood from most donors, the nurses
а
A
ек

will not leave you give blood if you have just had a cold.
B C D
т

38. A turtle differs from all other reptiles in that it has its body encased in a
A B
protective shell of their own.
ио

C D

39. Benjamin Franklin was the editor of the largest newspaper in the
бл

A B
colonies, a diplomatic representative to France and later to England,
and he invented many useful devices.
Би

C D

40. Professor Baker told her class that a good way to improve listening
A
comprehension skills is to watch television, especially news programs
B C D
and documentaries.
 TEST 19

Part A

Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.

1. Often a team of engineers are _____.
(A) work on one project (C) working on one project
(B) on one project work (D) to working on one project

2. _____ in the world export diamonds.

(A) Only little nations (C) Only a little nations

Р
(B) Only few nations (D) Only a few nations

УИ
3. A vacuum will neither conduct heat nor _____.
(A) transmit sound waves
(B) transmitting sound waves
(C) sound waves are transmitted

4. БГ
(D) the transmission of sound waves

To relieve pain caused by severe burns, prevent infection, and treat for
shock, _____.
а
(A) taking immediate steps (C) taken steps immediately
ек

(B) to take immediate steps (D) take immediate steps

5. All the cereal grains _____ grow on the prairies and plains of the United
т

States.
(A) but rice (C) but for rice
(B) except the rice (D) excepting rice
ио

6. Warning: _____ or operate heavy equipment while taking this

medication.
бл

(A) please no drive

(B) would you please no driving
(C) please don’t drive
Би

(D) have you please not driven

7. Burrowing animals provide paths for water in soil, and so do the roots of
plants _____.
(A) decaying and they dying (C) they die and decay
(B) when they die and decay (D) when they will die and decay
8. _____ a busy city, Pompeii was virtually destroyed by the eruption of
Mount Vesuvius in 79 A.D.
(A) Once (C) Once it was
(B) It was once (D) That once
9. In his autobiography, The Education of Henry Adams, Adams
attempted to show that his generation _____.
(A) did not know how to live in a technological society
(B) did not know living in a technological society
(C) was not knowing how live in a technological society
(D) had not know living in a technological society
10. The FDA was set up in 1940 _____ that maintain standards for the sale
of food and drugs.
(A) to enforce the laws (C) enforcing laws
(B) to enforcing laws (D) enforced the laws

Р
11. Green and magenta are complementary colors located opposite each

УИ
other on the color wheel, _____.
(A) and blue and yellow so (C) and so blue and yellow do
(B) and too blue and yellow (D) and so are blue and yellow
12. Doublestars orbit _____.

БГ
(A) each to the other (C) each other one
(B) each other (D) other each one
13. John F. Kennedy was the youngest president of the United States and
а
_____ to be assassinated.
(A) the fourth (C) four
ек

(B) fourth (D) the four

14. Oscillatona, one of the few plants that can move about, _____ a wavy,
т

gliding motion.
(A) having (C) being
(B) has (D) with
ио

15. _____ a teacher in New England, Webster wrote the Dictionary of the
American Language.
бл

(A) It was while (C) When was

(B) When (D) While
Part B
Би

Identify errors.
16. The bridge at Niagara Falls spans the longer unguarded border in the
A B
history of the world, symbolizing the peace and goodwill that exists
C
between Canada and the United States.
D
 17. When one experiences a change in diet by, for example, moving to a
A B
new location, you may also experience temporary problems with the
C D
digestive tract.

18. In ancient times and throughout the Middle Ages, many people believed
A B
that the earth is motionless.
C D

Р
19. Anyone reproducing copyrighted works without permission of the
A

УИ
holders of the copyrights are breaking the law.
B C D

20. Supersonic transport such the Concorde will probably be widely

A

БГ B
accepted as soon as problems of noise and atmospheric pollution are

resolved.
C D
а
ек

21. It is generally believed that Thomas Jefferson was the one who had
A
researched and wrote the Declaration of Independence during the
т

B
months prior to its signing in July 1776.
C D
ио

22. Because not food is as nutritious for a baby as its mother’s milk, many
A B C D
бл

women are returning to the practice of breast feeding.

23. In the sixteenth century, Francois Vieta , a French mathematician, used
A B
Би

the vowels a, e, i, o, u, to represent a unknown number.

C D
24. Increasing involvement in agriculture by large corporations
A
has resulted in what is know as agribusiness, that is, agriculture with
B C
business techniques, including heavy capitalization, specialization, and
to control all stages of the operation.
D
25. Civil engineers had better planning to use steel supports in concrete
A B C
structures built on unstable geophysical sites.
D

26. Aristotle systematically set out the various forms of the syllogism that
A B C
has remained an important reference for logic.
D

27. If the oxygen supply in the atmosphere was not replaced by plants, it

Р
A B C
would soon be exhausted.

УИ
D

28. With his father’s guidance, Mozart begun playing clavier at the age of
A B C
three and composing at the age of five.
D
БГ
29. The practical and legal implications of euthanasia, the practice of
а
causing the death of a person suffering from an incurable disease, are so
ек

A
controversial as it is illegal in most countries.
B C D
т

30. Programs such as Head Start were developed to prepare children from
A B C
ио

deprived situations to enter school without to experience unusual

D
difficulties.
бл

31. Since lightning was probably significant in the formation of life,

understanding it might help us to understanding life itself.
Би

A B C D

32. Starfishes and sea urchins, members of the echinoderms or spiny

skinned animals, are particularly interested because of their unusual
A B C D
structures.

33. Almost poetry is more enjoyable when it is read aloud.

A B C D
 34. It is essential that cancer is diagnosed and treated as early as possible
A B C
in order to assure a successful cure.
D

35. Vasco da Gama, accompanied by a large crew and a fleet of twenty

A
ships, were trying to establish Portuguese domination in Africa and India
B C D
during the sixteenth century.

Р
36. Gold, silver, and copper coins are often alloyed with harder metals
A

УИ
to make them hard as enough to withstand wear.
B C D
37. A vine climbs from one tree to another, continuing to grow and support

БГ
A
itself even when the original supporting tree is not longer alive.
B C D
38. The larger of the forty-eight continental states in the United States is
а
A B C D
ек

Texas.
39. According to the experts, genetic inheritance is probability the most
A B C
т

important factor in determining a person’s health.

D
ио

40. The railroad was one of the first methods of transportation to be use
A B C D
extensively in early American history.
бл

TEST 20
Part A
Би

Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.

1. The human brain _____ only two percent of an adult’s body weight.
(A) which makes up (C) makes it up
(B) it makes up (D) makes up
2. The foreign policies _____ the Hoover administration undertook in 1929
were marked by good will and peaceful purpose.
(A) that (C) on which
(B) where (D) of
3. Children usually turn to their parents rather than _____ for protection
from threats in the environment.
(A) they turn to other figures of authority
(B) authority figures to other
(C) to other figures of authority
(D) their turning to other figures of authority

4. _____ cause extensive damage to Pacific Island nations each year.

(A) Because of the high tides and winds during hurricanes
(B) The high tides and winds of hurricanes
(C) The high hurricane tides and winds which

Р
(D) That the high tides and winds of hurricanes

УИ
5. Anthropologists _____ within their environments and evaluate the
adaptations they have made.
(A) societies are studied (C) who study societies are
(B) study societies (D) their societies are studied

6.
female, _____ by the male, mosquito.
(A) not
БГ
Malaria, which can be fatal if left untreated, is transmitted by the

(C) despite
а
(B) however (D) instead
ек

7. _____, Henry David Thoreau is known for his transcendental views.

(A) He was like his predecessor, Ralph Waldo Emerson
т

(B) His predecessor, Ralph Waldo Emerson, was like him

(C) Like his predecessor, Ralph Waldo Emerson
(D) That he was like his predecessor, Ralph Waldo Emerson
ио

8. The tallest bird on the North American continent, the white whooping
crane, _____ four and a half feet tall.
бл

(A) stands (C) it stands

(B) which stands (D) standing
9. For thousands of years, people have used vast amounts of wood for
Би

building and _____ their homes.

(A) they heat (C) heating
(B) to heat (D) heat
10. Past experience has shown that even well-trained _____ overwhelming
success in forecasting interest rates.
(A) experts do not always have
(B) do not always have experts
(C) there are experts who do not always have
(D) always do not have experts
 11. _____gene in the human genome were more completely understood,
many human diseases could be cured or prevented.
(A) Each (C) If each
(B) Since each (D) Were each

12. _____of the United States grown during a Republican administration.

(A) Rarely the federal government has
(B) Rarely has the federal government
(C) Has the federal government rarely
(D) The federal government has rarely

Р
13. Water, _____ is also one of the most abundant compounds on earth.
(A) is one of the most critical elements for human survival

УИ
(B) one of the most critical elements for human survival
(C) of which one of the most critical elements for human survival
(D) one of the most critical elements for human survival which

today.
(A) Relied on
БГ
14. _____ extensively by person who cannot speak or hear, American Sign
Language ranks as the fourth most widely used language in the U.S.

(C) Relying on it
а
(B) It is relied on (D) To rely on it
ек

15. Efforts to provide equal opportunity for minorities in the United States
_____ from the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
т

(A) may be said to date (C) may say to date

(B) dating (D) to date may be said
ио

Part B
Identify errors.
бл

16. Chicago’s Sears Tower, now the taller building in the world, rises 1,522
A B C
feet from the ground to the top of its antenna.
Би

D
17. Vitamin E, which is found in nutritious foods such as green vegetables
A B
and whole grains, action as an antioxidant in cell membranes.
C D
18. Scientists is currently trying to map the human genome, the blueprint
A B C
of human heredity.
D
19. A snowflake is a frailty crystalline structure which maintains its delicate
A B
shape only as long as it is airborne.
C D

20. James Dickey’s first poem was published during he was still a senior in
A B C D
college.

21. Most fatty acids have been find as essential components of lipid
A B C

Р
molecules.
D

УИ
22. Social stratification can based on many criteria, such as wealth, cultural
A B C
level status, birth, personal qualities, and ideology.
D

БГ
23. In his famous domes, architecture Buckminster Fuller utilized thousand
A B
а
of simple equilateral triangles linked together.
ек

C D

24. Early in United States history, the rights of woman were championed in
т

A B
Wyoming, the state where they were first guaranteed the right to vote.
C D
ио

25. The most aggressive bees known, the African honeybee is

A B
бл

currently swarming into North America.

C D
Би

26. Only after Theodore Roosevelt became president did conservation

A
developed into a major environmental issue in the United States.
B C D

27. If he were alive today, F. Scott Fitzgerald might be surprised to learn

A B
that his novel The Great Gatsby having transcended its own age and
C D
turned into a timeless classic.
 28. The world’s rain forests are being cut down at the rate on 3,000 acres
A B C
per hour.
D
29. In all human communities, power yields certain advantages and
A B
privileges, such as honor, material benefits, and prestigious.
C D
30. Scientists used line spectra identifying the element helium in the sun.

Р
A B C D

УИ
31. The compute of the passage of time has always been associated with
A B
the movements of celestial bodies.
C D

B
БГ
32. Many environmentalists fear that the earth will run out essential natural
A
resources before the end of the twentieth century.
D
C
а
33. The discovered of gold in California in 1848 led to the Gold Rush of
ек

A B C D
1849.
т

34. The personality traits of children are often similar to those that of their
A B
ио

parents, but these traits are not always genetically conditioned.

C D
35. Lecithins and other phospholipids play key roles the structure of cell
бл

A B C
membranes.
D
Би

36. Wages and salaries account for nearly three fourths of the total
A
nationally income generated in the United States annually.
B C D
37. Farther evidence is needed to support recent research which suggests
A B C
that certain chemicals found in broccoli may act as cancer
D
preventatives.
38. Contemporary newspaper columnist Russell Baker is noted for his
A
commentaries humorous written in the tradition of Benjamin Franklin.
B C D

39. Nutritional adequacy is hard to achieve on a low-calorie diet; even a

A B
small person should not try to get by on fewer than twelve hundreds
C D
calories per day.

Р
40. In reality, all biological reproductive begins at the cellular level.
A B C D

УИ
TEST 21

Part A

1. БГ
Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.
The life of Benjamin Franklin, a practical man _____ many stories have
been told, was unusually productive.
а
(A) of (C) about
ек

(B) about whom (D) of which

2. Indiana University, one of the largest in the nation, is located _____

т

town.
(A) a small midwestern (C) small midwestern
(B) in a small midwestern (D) in small midwestern
ио

3. _____ his life, Eugene O’Neill was regarded as the foremost American
dramatist.
бл

(A) It was the time of (C) During

(B) While (D) By the time of
Би

4. _____ Social Security Act of 1935 was written to insure workers against
unemployment.
(A) The (C) For the
(B) What the (D) After the

5. Chemists are not sure _____.

(A) how precisely can cold fusion occur
(B) cold fusion can occur precisely how
(C) precisely how cold fusion can occur
(D) can cold fusion occur precisely how
 6. Just off the Massachusetts coast _____, a popular summer resort area.
(A) Martha’s Vineyard is
(B) is where Martha’s Vineyard
(C) Martha’s Vineyard
(D) is Martha’s Vineyard

7. Franchising offers many advantages to small business owners _____

problematic.
(A) however it is (C) despite is
(B) even though it is (D) it is

Р
8. Although most cats hate to swim, _____ if necessary.
(A) can they do so (C) they do so can

УИ
(B) so can they do (D) they can do so

9. American author John Updike, _____, spent his boyhood in Shillington,

Pennsylvania.

БГ
(A) was the only child of a high school mathematics teacher
(B) whom the only child of a high school mathematics teacher
(C) the only child of a high school mathematics teacher
(D) he was the only child of a high school mathematics teacher
а
ек

10. In practice, setting up a chain of command in a business can be a very

complicated task, _____ it involves the interaction of real human
beings.
т

(A) because of (C) as

(B) how (D) due to
ио

11. When linguists encounter a new language, _____ work to identify all of
the sounds it contains.
(A) who (C) and
бл

(B) they (D) those

12. According to recent investigations, unselfish motives, such as true
empathy, _____, and commitment to a principle, sometimes surpass
Би

self-interest in influencing human behavior.

(A) to have solidarity with others
(B) others with solidarity
(C) solidarity with others
(D) one has solidarity with others
13. _____the lip of an open-pit copper mine, the huge tractors and cranes
below look like toys, and people look like tiny ants scurrying about.
(A) Where (C) That
(B) While (D) From
14. Not only _____ atoms with their microscopes, but they now can also
“feel” them with the aid of a versatile sensing device called the “magic
wrist”.
(A) are today’s scientists able to see
(B) able to see today’s scientists are
(C) today’s scientists are able to see
(D) are able to see today’s scientists

15. In the seventeenth century, North America was vast and unconquered,
_____ only at great cost.
(A) it promised riches but yielded its bounty

Р
(B) promising riches but yielding its bounty
(C) by promising riches but by yielding its bounty

УИ
(D) its riches were promised but its bounty yielded

Part B

Identify errors.

A B
fastens it to reeds above water.
БГ
16. For make its nest, the yellow-headed blackbird weaves a small cup and
C
а
D
ек

17. Native American beaded design are often characterized by geometric

A B
т

shaped and bright colors.

C D
ио

18. The codfish lays million of eggs each year, only a small percentage of
A B C D
which actually hatch.
бл

19. When the body becomes extremely overheated, it failure to cool itself
A B C
Би

again, and sunstroke can occur.

D

20. The preferring of many Western cultures for maintaining a physical

A B C
distance at least three feet during social interaction is well documented
D
in anthropological studies.
 21. In chronicling her months as a captive of the Wampanoag Indians,
A B
Mary Rowlandson demonstrated his narrative skill.
C D

22. The nests of most bird species are strategic placed to camouflage them
A B C
against predators.
D

23. Few synthetic vitamins and minerals in pill supplements are absorbed

Р
so efficiently by the body that are those occurring naturally in foods.
A B C D

УИ
24. On the one hand, most Americans feel that space exploration is a
A
legitimate and important national undertaking: on the contrary, they
B

БГ
worry about the amount it costs.
D
C
а
25. Vitamin K providing the necessary impetus for the synthesis of at least
ек

A B C
two proteins involved in blood clotting.
D
т

26. If no fossil record were available, the next strongest evidence of the
A
ио

kinship among organisms would to be similarities in the embryonic

B C
development of organisms today.
бл

27. The black cherry tree, from which fine cabinets and furniture is made, is
Би

A B
found all across North America, from Nova Scotia to Texas.
C D

28. Research and recommending concerning the dangers of smoking are

A B C
beginning to have an impact on the tobacco industry in the United
D
States.
29. Antarctic blue whales can be 100 foot long and weigh more than any
A B C
dinosaur that ever lived.
D

30. Oil-base house paint is neither easy to work with or quick to clean up,
A
but it is often preferred to latex paint because of its high sheen and
B C D
durability.

Р
31. The colonists who first settled in New England did so because they felt
A B C

УИ
there was none social justice in their homeland of England.
D

32. Architect Louis Sullivan commanded the respect of his contemporaries

A

БГ B
for his work on the designed of the first American skyscrapers.
C D
а
33. During the 1850s, the Spanish colony of Cuba was of interest to
ек

A B
Southerners, who felt they needed it for it increasing political and
C D
т

economic power.

34. Glucose is different from fructose in its structural formula, but the
ио

A B
molecular formula for these two sugars is the similar.
C D
бл

35. A sealer should be applied at wood surfaces before they are varnished;
A B
Би

otherwise, uneven absorption of the varnish may occur.

C D

36. The high temperatures created by fire are necessary for to split open
A B C
the seed-bearing cones of lodge pole pines.
D
 37. Mormon leader Brigham Young was too brilliant and strong-willed that he
A
was able to organize the most remarkable religious migration in the
B C
annals of American history.
D

38. Due to untimely death, the talented writer Sylvia Plath was never to
A B
know how well would her work be received by the American public.
C D

Р
39. From the Mexican War toward the Civil War, the major theme of

УИ
A
American political history was a growing sectionalism interacting with a
B C D
vigorous nationalism.

A БГ
40. In Western culture, much attention been given to the subject of social
B
class conflict, which may cause revolution.
а
C D
ек

TEST 22
т

Part A

Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.

ио

1. _____ fall naturally into two classes, which can be further subdivided
into several subclasses.
(A) There are vitamins (C) Vitamins
бл

(B) Vitamins that (D) After vitamins

2. The incidence of anorexia nervosa, _____, is growing in industrially

Би

advanced societies.
(A) is an eating disorder (C) an eating disorder
(B) an eating disorder which (D) for which an eating disorder

3. In the 1960s, pop art _____ to discover artistic significance in the

commercial artifacts of the consumer culture.
(A) seeking (C) has sought
(B) to seek (D) sought
4. Air _____ the carbon dioxide necessary for photosynthesis enters
leaves through tiny surface openings.
(A) contains (C) containing
(B) contained (D) it contains

5. Overexposure to the sun can produce _____ can some toxic chemicals.
(A) more than damage to the skin
(B) more damage than to the skin
(C) damage more than to the skin
(D) more damage to the skin than

Р
6. The Federal Reserve System, _____ under President Wilson, plays a
key role in regulating the U.S. economy.

УИ
(A) the establishment in 1913 (C) established in 1913
(B) was established in 1913 (D) in 1913 they established it

7. In the 1960s, due in part to the invention of air conditioning, the

(A) experiencing
(B) was experienced
БГ
population of the United States _____ a dramatic geographical shift
southward.
(C) to experience
(D) experienced
а
ек

8. Antarctica is larger _____, but it has no native human population.

(A) than Europe or Australia does
(B) Europe or Australia
т

(C) of Europe or Australia

(D) than Europe or Australia
ио

9. Whole-grain food products _____ in most large supermarkets across

the United States and Canada.
(A) now can purchase (C) now to purchase
бл

(B) can now be purchased (D) the purchase of which

10. A dividend is _____ the only benefit a corporation can offer its
Би

shareholders.
(A) no (B) nor (C) none (D) not
11. _____all citrus fruit originated with the Chinese orange.
(A) That the belief (C) To belief that
(B) The belief that (D) It is believed that
12. The year 1732 saw the first appearance of Poor Richard’s Almanac,
_____ Benjamin Franklin created the character of Poor Richard.
(A) there (C) in it
(B) in which (D) which in
 13. _____ more susceptible to bacterial contamination than other types of
meat because it has more surface area exposed to bacteria laden air.
(A) Ground meat (C) Ground meat that is
(B) Ground meat is (D) Ground meat being

14. Over the past several decades, radio telescopes _____ of the universe
from the one disclosed by ordinary telescopes.
(A) have given scientists quite a different view
(B) have quite a different view given scientists
(C) quite a different view have given scientists
(D) have they given scientists quite a different view

Р
15. Nestled along the shoreline of Hudson Bay _____.

УИ
(A) are several recently settled Inuit communities
(B) several recently settled Inuit communities are there
(C) near several recently settled Inuit communities
(D) is where several recently settled Inuit communities

Identify errors.
БГPart B
а
16. The field cricket’s is quite injury to crops and vegetation and does most
ек

A B C
of its harmful work at night.
D
т

17. Perhaps the most unique thing about carbon atoms are their ability
A B C
ио

to combine with themselves.

D
бл

18. Works wrote by Vladimir Nabokov often heroes and heroines who
A B C
have lived in many places.
Би

D
19. Organisms and their cells live by maintaining a constant exchange
A B
of elemental, ions, minerals, and gases.
C D
20. For the past few years, researchers have perfecting their control over
A B C
the movements of cells and microbes by using low-power laser beams.
D
21. The mountain sheep is known for its incredible agility, timid, and ability
A B C
to withstand severe cold.
D

22. The chimpanzee possesses hand tool, the stick, with which it digs
A B C
termites out of logs and stumps.
D

23. The different layers of the Grand Canyon contain a variety of fossils,

Р
A
including algae and seaweed from early historically periods.

УИ
B C D

24. The United States government use price supports and cost subsidies to
A B C
raise farm prices and profits.
D
БГ
25. The basic factors that enhance health and longevity include vigorous
а
A B
ек

exercise, hereditary, and diet.

C D
т

26. Fission tracking is a new artifact dating method who promises to have
A B C D
important archeological applications in the future.
ио

27. Biologically produced ceramics, alike those made by mollusks such as

A B C
бл

the sea urchin, remain superior to those produced synthetically.

D
Би

28. Contemporary poet James Merrill writes autobiographical verse that

A B
building on remembrances of his childhood.
C D

29. Many New England farmers supplement their incomes with the sold of
A B
maple syrup tapped from sugar maples growing on their farmland.
C D
 30. When attempt to explain children’s food preferences, researchers are
A B C
faced with contradictions.
D

31. Glaciologists now suspect that the Antarctic ice sheet unstable is, but
A B
they are not yet certain to what extent this instability might cause
C D
problems.

Р
32. Human infants are not usually able to walk by selves until they reach
A B C

УИ
eleven or twelve months of age.
D

33. Scholars of historical change feels that the velocity of history has been

БГ
A B
greatly accelerated by the onward rush of science and technology
during the twentieth century.
D
C
а
ек

34. Psychologists and psychiatrists are trained to encourage their patients

A B
to talk for the things that are causing them difficulty.
т

C D

35. Food contamination is monitored by the Food and Drug Administration,

ио

A
which periodically conducts controlled strictly inspections of foodstuffs.
B C D
бл

36. From the time he was a child, author Herman Melville had a interest in
A B C
Би

the sea.
D

37. Booker T. Washington, head of the first industrial school for African
A
Americans, was as popular with Southerners than he was with
B C D
Northerners.
38. Peacocks are among the most exotic birds in nature; its long tail
A B C
feathers fan out to reveal a profusion of vivid colors.
D

39. In the latter half of the nineteenth century, physical techniques making it
A B
possible to determine the chemical constitution of stars.
C D

40. In seeking out its representative writers, twentieth-century America

Р
A
seems to be searching for someone who chronicle the chaos and lack

УИ
B C
of direction reflected in some contemporary values.
D

БГ
TEST 23

Part A
а
Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.
ек

1. Copper tubing is the preferred choice of plumbers _____ noncorrosive.

(A) since it is (C) it is
(B) because of (D) insofar as
т

2. _____ “cultural diffusion” refers to the spread of customs or practices

from one culture to another.
ио

(A) To phrase (C) To the phrase

(B) Phrased (D) The phrase
бл

3. _____ born, a baby kangaroo measures less than three inches in

length.
(A) One is (C) Is one
Би

(B) When is one (D) When it is

4. _____ daily promotes physical as well as emotional well-being in
people of all ages.
(A) Having exercised (C) Exercising
(B) Those who exercise (D) For exercising
5. The financial manager’s job _____ among the many sources of finance
for the best interest rates available.
(A) to shop around is (C) is it to shop around
(B) to shop around it is (D) is to shop around
 6. Spectrographs _____ possible for phoneticians to analyze the human
voice and its speech qualities.
(A) make (C) makes it
(B) make it (D) are made
7. Trace minerals are _____ are elements needed in greater qualities.
(A) as important to healthy human tissue as
(B) most important to healthy human tissue as important
(C) to healthy tissue as important
(D) important to healthy human tissue
8. Balinese cats, which are a cross between Siamese and long-haired

Р
cats, _____ medium length silky coats of fur.

УИ
(A) they have (C) which have
(B) have (D) having
9. _____when a person doesn’t eat enough fruit and vegetables.
(A) Depleting gradually, potassium can occur

БГ
(B) Gradual potassium depletion can occur
(C) Since potassium can gradually be depleted
(D) Since gradually depleting potassium can occur
а
10. Anthropologist Guy Swenson _____ that witchcraft beliefs are prevalent
in societies in which social groups interact without formal mechanisms
ек

for social control.

(A) he found (C) finding
(B) found (D) was found
т

11. Declared an endangered species in the United States, _____.

(A) people have gathered the ginseng root almost to the point of
ио

extinction
(B) the ginseng root has been gathered almost to the point of extinction
(C) the near extinction of the ginseng root is due to excessive gathering
бл

(D) gathering the ginseng root almost to the point of extinction

12. The sudden expansion of heated air associated with lightning produces
Би

_____ often heard during a storm.

(A) thunder is the rumbling sound
(B) the rumbling sound, thunder is
(C) the rumbling sound, thunder, that
(D) thunder, the rumbling sound
13. Henry Ford revolutionized production management by _____ into small
steps on a moving line.
(A) breaking down auto assembly
(B) broken down auto assembly
 (C) he broke down auto assembly
(D) auto assembly breaking down

14. In carpentry, _____ “ceiling joists” refers to boards hung down from
unfinished ceilings as the backbone from which finishing materials can
be hung.
(A) to the term (C) the term
(B) is termed (D) to term

15. _____ the 35 years between the end of the Civil War and the turn of the
century, the population of the United States doubled, and

Р
manufacturing production increased sevenfold.
(A) Into (B) In (C) At (D) To

УИ
Part B

Identify errors.

of snow slowly pressed into ice.

C D
БГ
16. One important agent of erosion is the glacier, which is an accumulated
A B
а
ек

17. Ethnolinguists study language as it relates to society, culture, and

A B C
human behaving.
т

18. It has long been known as an entire cluster of galaxies may sometimes
ио

A B
lie buried within a vast, dense ball of gas.
C D
бл

19. Paleoanthropologists believe that prehistoric man was innate a gentle,

A B
Би

cooperative, food-sharing creature.

C D

20. Many corporate advisors feel that companies that provide their
A B
employees with recreational time and facilities safe money on health
C D
insurance in the long run.
 21. Metal and glass containers can be recycled, and several states are
A B
currently contemplating mandatory recycling laws for either.
C D

22. The desire to species preservation is a primary motivator for many

A B C
kinds of animal behavior, including reproduction.
D

23. In 1987, molecular biologist L. Mark Lagrimini of Ohio State University

Р
A
cloned the gene in that codes for a type of peroxidase found in tobacco

УИ
B C D
plants.

24. To fit on an ecosystem, an organism must be able to adapt or become

A B
a part of it.
БГ C D

25. Arteries with poorly blood flow can leave the heart muscle starved for
а
A B C
ек

oxygen, a condition that often leads to heart attack.

D
т

26. Christopher Columbus first seen Native Americans when he discovered

A B C
the Caribbean Islands on October 12, 1492.
ио

27. Alpine Saint Bernards are too good at following the scent of humans,
бл

A B
even in snow, that they are used by ski patrols as rescue dogs.
C D
Би

28. The writing of Elizabeth Stoddard was praised by her contemporaries

A
because they was dramatic and direct, possessing a frankness
B C
unlike that of most other writing of the time.
D

29. Newspapers metropolitan that pride themselves on the quality of their

A B C
 opinion articles often have large staffs to write and edit the
editorial page.
D

30. Theoretical biologist Aristid Lindenmayer is known for him description of

A B C
the developmental processes in multicellular structures.
D

31. When the Panic of 1857, some U.S. citizens who had been rich or
A B

Р
comfortable became poor while a few others, capitalizing on economic
C D

УИ
shifts, became richer.

32. Many artists receive promote backing from government agencies

A B

C D
БГ
as well as from private individuals and firms.

33. Dr. Frank Conrad’s musical radio broadcasts in 1919 led Westinghouse
а
A
ек

open the first fully licensed commercial broadcasting system in the

B C
United States on November 2, 1920.
т

34. The rocks of the Cambrian period of prehistory were formed 500 to 600
ио

A B
million year ago.
C D
бл

35. Organisms that are related are usually identifiable by at less some
A B
Би

similarities in anatomical structure and embryonic development.

C D

36. With the development of underwater breathing equipment, helmeted

A
divers can now descend six hundred foot if they breathe a special
B C D
mixture of gases.
 37. According to Cherokee legend, a woman named Grandmother Spider
A B
brought her people the light of intelligence and to experience.
C D

38. Many of the mammals that dwell in the desert are active only at a night
A B
as the intense heat of a desert day can be fatal to warm-blooded
C D
animals.

Р
39. The building blocks of the proteins necessary for life are amino acids,
A

УИ
much of which cannot be synthesized by the body and must be included
B C
in the diet.
D

БГ
40. The cytoskeleton of a cell provides structural support also coordinates

cell division, growth, and morphology.

A B
а
C D
ек

TEST 24
т

Part A

Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.

ио

1. _____growing awareness of social ills, Edna Vincent Millay wrote

increasingly more somber poetry during her later years.
(A) A (C) When a
бл

(B) Because her (D) Due to her

2. _____ categorized as lipids.

Би

(A) Fats and also oils (C) Fats and oils are
(B) While fats and oils (D) Fats and oils

3. The role of the mass media in influencing public policy decisions,

maintaining or changing the status quo of our society, and _____
outlets for all types of views is enormous.
(A) as it provides (C) provide
(B) to provide (D) providing
4. _____earth might be experiencing a global trend which could have
devastating climate effects.
(A) In the (C) Where the
(B) The (D) Whole
5. Depressant drugs _____ historically have been known to be addictive
are called narcotics.
(A) and (C) they
(B) which (D) about which
6. _____young, Eugene O’Neil travelled with his father’s theatrical
company, and the stage was an important part of his life.

Р
(A) When was he (C) Was he

УИ
(B) He was (D) When he was
7. Vitamins are organic compounds _____ and must be ingested to
maintain proper bodily functions.
(A) that they can’t be produced by the body

БГ
(B) the body can’t produced them
(C) that can’t be produced by the body
(D) not produced them by the body
а
8. _____, business managers plan the tasks that their employees are to
carry out.
ек

(A) It is the organizing process

(B) They process the organizing
(C) While the organizing process
т

(D) Though the organizing process

9. Copper is the favored metal for electricians’ wire because of _____.
ио

(A) it is an excellent conductor (C) excellent conductivity of it

(B) its excellent conductivity (D) so conductive is it
бл

10. Chemicals in paint that pose a fire hazard - _____ as combustible,

flammable, or extremely flammable.
(A) are listed (C) being listed
Би

(B) listed (D) they are listed

11. Scientists believe that the beaver’s instinct to build dams is more
complex than _____ other animal instinct.
(A) most (B) all (C) any (D) these
12. Considered unique and exotic, _____.
(A) over 4,000 American households keep the llama as a pet
(B) there are over 4,000 American households that keep the llama as a
pet
 (C) the llama is kept as a pet in over 4,000 American households
(D) the llama kept as a pet in over 4,000 American households

13. Anxiety about uncontrollable situations is thought to cause _____.

(A) to fitfully sleep (C) fitful in sleep
(B) fitful sleep (D) sleep fitfully

14. One of the most influential Virginians of colonial times, _____ in

England.
(A) the education received by (C) William Bird was educated
William Bird (D) The education that William Bird

Р
(B) was the education that received
William Bird received

УИ
15. By careful seeding weathermakers can encourage two small clouds to
merge into one big cloud _____ produce a powerful thunderstorm.
(A) so (B) these (C) which (D) and

Identify errors.
БГPart B
а
16. The tiny nucleus of an atom is held together by forces powerful capable
ек

A B C
of unleashing great energy.
D
т

17. Because of their beautiful coloration, palomino horses does often

A B C
ио

chosen as show horses for parades.

D
бл

18. The discovering of quarks, minute particles of matter, has led to a new
A B C
age in particle physics.
Би

19. Thanksgiving Day, a uniquely North American holiday, is celebrated in

A B
the United States on the four Thursday in November.
C D

20. A square is a geometric shape which is as long as is tall and which has
A B C D
four right angels.
21. The incidence of which is now referred to as cryovolcanism, or ice
A B
volcanoes, is quite high on the surface of Triton, one of the moons of
C D
Neptune.

22. Contemporary poet Allen Ginsberg prides him on his ability to create
A
poetry which invites complete emotional and physical participation by its
B C D
audience.

Р
23. The amount of red meat needed to provision sufficient protein

УИ
A B
for maintaining good health is estimated at less than four ounces per
C D
day.

B БГ
24. Neither oil drilling or gas exploration can be prevented from
A
steadily changing the face of the Arctic.
C
а
D
ек

25. However unavoidable the Civil War may have been, it was more
A
т

devastating also exhausting than any European war between 1815 and
B C D
1914.
ио

26. Water and petroleum are the only two liquids what occur in large
A B C
бл

quantities in nature.
D
Би

27. Allowing children to help plan and prepare family meals provides
A
enjoyable learning experiences that later encouraging them to eat the
B C
foods they have prepared.
D

28. According to many economists, international specialization in the

A
 production of some goods, such as cars and computers, increase world
B C
efficiency and output, making all nations richer.
D

29. Solar astronomers have recently observed bursts of coherent radio

A B
waves coming from a specific locations on the sun’s surface.
C D

30. In according the wishes of most of his electorate, President Franklin D.

Р
A B
Roosevelt postponed entering the Second World War until December

УИ
C D
11, 1941.

31. Substances such as DDT become more concentrated in each

A

БГ
successively level in an ecological pyramid.
C D
B
а
32. The rate of stomach cancer is lowest in countries where people don’t
ек

A B C
eat processed meat products than in nations where such foods
are consumed.
т

33. Unlike most liquids, which contract when they solidify, water expands
ио

A B
by nine percentage when it freezes.
C D
бл

34. Raindrops falling on the ocean reduce the number of breaking waves,
A B
Би

thereby calming roughness water.

C D

35. The languages spoken by the Alaskan Eskimos and the Inuit of
A B
northern Canada are such similar as to be mutually intelligible.
C D
36. According to a Keynesian economist, expects economic conditions to
A B
worsen can bring about behavior which in fact causes these conditions
C
to worsen.
D

37. Desiring to leave their own marks of identity inside the White House,
A
most presidents’ wives redecorate at least some portion of its rooms
B C

Р
as soon as arrival there.
D

УИ
38. Generally speaking, proteins that come from animal sources are
A B
complete whereas those that come from another sources are

incomplete proteins.
C

БГ D

39. Even although he is best remembered as a writer, Walt Whitman was

а
A B
ек

also a newspaper publisher, teacher, and farmer.

C D
т

40. The first domesticated bird in earth was probably the goose.
A B C D
ио

TEST 25

Part A
бл

Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.

Words and sentences
Би

1. We gave _____ a meal.

(A) at the visitors (C) the visitors
(B) for the visitors (D) to the visitors

Verbs
2. I’m busy at the moment. _____on the computer.
(A) I work (C) I’m working
(B) I’m work (D) I working
 3. My friend _____ the answer to the question.
(A) is know (C) knowing
(B) know (D) knows

4. I think I’ll buy these shoes. _____really well.

(A) They fit (C) They’re fitting
(B) They have fit (D) They were fitting

5. Where _____ the car?

(A) did you park (C) parked you
(B) did you parked (D) you parked

Р
6. At nine o’clock yesterday morning we _____ for the bus.

УИ
(A) wait (C) was waiting
(B) waiting (D) were waiting

7. When I looked round the door, the baby _____ quietly.

8.
(A) is sleeping
(B) slept
БГ
Here’s my report. _____it at last.
(C) was sleeping
(D) were sleeping
а
(A) I finish (C) I’m finished
ек

(B) I finished (D) I’ve finished

9. I’ve _____ made some coffee. It’s in the kitchen.

т

(A) ever (B) just (C) never (D) yet

10. We _____ to Ireland for our holidays last year.

ио

(A) goes (C) have gone

(B) going (D) went
бл

11. Robert _____ ill for three weeks. He’s still in hospital.
(A) had been (C) is
(B) has been (D) was
Би

12. My arms are aching now because _____ since two o’clock.
(A) I’m swimming (C) I swim
(B) I swam (D) I’ve been swimming

13. I’m very tired. _____over four hundred miles today.

(A) I drive (C) I’ve been driving
(B) I’m driving (D) I’ve driven
14. When Martin _____ the car, he look it out for a drive.
(A) had repaired (C) repaired
(B) has repaired (D) was repairing
15. Janet was out of breath because _____.
(A) she’d been running (C) she’s been running
(B) she did run (D) she’s run
16. Don’t worry. I _____ be here to help you.
(A) not (B) shall (C) willn’t (D) won’t
17. Our friends _____ meet us at the airport tonight.

Р
(A) are (C) go to
(B) are going to (D) will be to

УИ
18. _____a party next Saturday. We’ve sent out the invitations.
(A) We had (C) We’ll have
(B) We have (D) We’re having
19. I’ll tell Anna all the news when _____ her.
(A) I’ll see
(B) I’m going to see БГ
(C) I see
(D) I shall see
а
20. At this time tomorrow _____ over the Atlantic.
(A) we flying (C) we’ll fly
ек

(B) we’ll be flying (D) we to fly

21. Where’s Robert? _____a shower?
т

(A) Does he has (C) Has he got

(B) Has he (D) Is he having
ио

22. I _____ like that coat. It’s really nice.

(A) am (B) do (C) very (D) yes
бл

Questions, negatives and answers

23. What’s the weather like in Canada? How often _____ there?
(A) does it snow (C) snow it
Би

(B) does it snows (D) snows it

24. Which team _____ the game?

(A) did it win (C) won
(B) did they win (D) won it

25. What did you leave the meeting early _____? – I didn’t feel very well.
(A) away (C) for
(B) because (D) like
 26. Unfortunately the driver _____ the red light.
(A) didn’t saw (C) no saw
(B) didn’t see (D) saw not
27. You haven’t eaten your pudding. _____it?
(A) Are you no want (C) Don’t want you
(B) Do you no want (D) Don’t you want
28. I really enjoyed the disco. It was great, _____?
(A) is it (C) was it
(B) isn’t it (D) wasn’t it

Р
29. Are we going the right way? – I think _____.
(A) indeed (C) so

УИ
(B) it (D) yes
Modal verbs
30. The chemist’s was open, so luckily I _____ buy some aspirin.

БГ
(A) can (C) did can
(B) can’t (D) was able to
31. Susan has to work very hard. I _____ do her job, I’m sure.
(A) can’t (C) don’t
а
(B) couldn’t (D) shouldn’t
ек

32. We had a party last night. _____ spend all morning clearing up the
mess.
т

(A) I must have (C) I’ve had to

(B) I’ve been to (D) I’ve must
ио

33. There was no one else at the box office. I _____ in a queue.
(A) didn’t need to wait (C) needn’t have waited
(B) mustn’t wait (D) needn’t wait
бл

34. _____ I carry that bag for you? – Oh, thank you.
(A) Do (C) Will
(B) Shall (D) Would
Би

35. I’ve lost the key, I ought _____ it in a safe place.

(A) that I put (C) to have put
(B) to be putting (D) to put

The passive
36. We can’t go along here because the road is _____.
(A) been repaired (C) repair
(B) being repaired (D) repaired
37. The story I’ve just read _____ Agatha Christie.
(A) was written (C) was written from
(B) was written by (D) wrote

38. Some film stars _____ be difficult to work with.

(A) are said (C) say
(B) are said to (D) say to

39. I’m going to go out and _____.

(A) have cut my hair (C) let my hair cut
(B) have my hair cut (D) my hair be cut

Р
The infinitive and the ing-form

УИ
40. The driver was arrested for failing _____ an accident.
(A) of report (C) reporting
(B) report (D) to report

41. Someone suggested _____ for a walk.

(A) go
(B) going
(C) of going
(D) to go БГ
а
42. I can remember _____ voices in the middle of the night.
ек

(A) hear (C) hearing

(B) heard (D) to hear
т

43. The police want _____ anything suspicious.

(A) that we report (C) us to report
(B) us reporting (D) we report
ио

44. We weren’t sure _____ or just walk in.

(A) should knock (C) whether knock
бл

(B) to knock (D) whether to knock

45. It was too cold _____ outside.

Би

(A) for the guests eating (C) that the guests should eat
(B) for the guests to eat (D) that the guests eat

46. Did you congratulate Tessa _____ her exam?

(A) of passing (C) passing
(B) on passing (D) to pass

47. I didn’t like it in the city at first. But now _____ here.
(A) I got used to living (C) I used to live
(B) I’m used to living (D) I used to living
 48. They raised the money simply _____ for it. It was easy.
(A) asking (C) of asking
(B) by asking (D) with asking

49. As we walked past, we saw Nigel _____ his car.

(A) in washing (C) wash
(B) to wash (D) washing

Nouns and Articles (a/an and the)

50. I need to buy
(A) a bread (C) a loaf of bread

Р
(B) a loaf bread (D) breads

УИ
51. My father is not only the town mayor, he runs _____ too.
(A) a business (C) business
(B) a piece of business (D) some business

(B) good is БГ
52. The _____ produced at our factory in Scotland.
(A) good are (C) goods are
(D) goods is
а
53. I’m looking for _____ to cut this string.
ек

(A) a pair scissors (C) a scissors

(B) a scissor (D) some scissors
т

54. I was watching TV at home when suddenly _____ rang.

(A) a doorbell (C) doorbell
(B) an doorbell (D) the doorbell
ио

55. I’ve always liked _____.

(A) Chinese food (C) Some food of China
бл

(B) Food of China (D) The Chinese food

56. In England most children go _____ at the age of five.

Би

(A) school (C) to some schools

(B) to school (D) to the school

57. We haven’t had a holiday for _____ time.

(A) a so long (C) such a long
(B) so a long (D) such long

58. Our friends have a house in _____.

(A) a West London (C) West London
(B) the West London (D) West of London
 This, my, some, a lot of, all, etc
59. It’s so boring here. Nothing ever happens in _____ place.
(A) that (C) this
(B) these (D) those

60. Is that my key, or is it _____?

(A) the yours (C) your
(B) the your’s (D) yours

61. Adrian takes no interest in clothes. He’ll wear _____.

(A) a thing (C) something

Р
(B) anything (D) thing

УИ
62. There’s _____ use in complaining. They probably won’t do anything
about it.
(A) a few (C) few
(B) a little (D) little

(B) all them

БГ
63. I don’t want to buy any of these books. I’ve got _____.
(A) all (C) everything
(D) them all
а
ек

Pronouns
64. Let’s stop and have a coffee. _____a café over there, look.
(A) Is (C) There
т

(B) It’s (D) There’s

65. Everyone in the group shook hands with _____.

ио

(A) each other (C) one the other

(B) one other (D) themselves
бл

66. The washing-machine has broken down again. I think we should get
_____.
(A) a new (C) new
Би

(B) a new one (D) new one

67. All the guests were dancing. _____ having a good time.
(A) All were (C) Everyone was
(B) Every was (D) Someone were

Adjectives and adverbs

68. The house was _____ building.
(A) a nice old stone (C) a stone old nice
(B) a nice stone old (D) an old nice stone
 69. The government is doing nothing to help _____.
(A) poor (C) the poors
(B) the poor (D) the poor ones

70. The young man seems very _____.

(A) sensible (C) sensibley
(B) sensiblely (D) sensibly

71. I _____ missed the bus. I was only just in time to catch it.
(A) mostly (C) nearest
(B) near (D) nearly

Р
72. This detailed map is _____ the atlas.

УИ
(A) more useful as (C) usefuller as
(B) more useful than (D) usefuller than

73. This place gets _____ crowded with tourists every summer.
(A) always more
(B) crowded and more
БГ(C) from more or more
(D) more and more

74. Yes. I have got the report. _____it.

а
(A) I just am reading (C) I’m reading just
ек

(B) I’m just reading (D) Just I’m reading

75. I’ve read this paragraph three times, and I _____ understand it.
т

(A) can’t still (C) still can’t

(B) can’t yet (D) yet can’t
ио

76. We’re really sorry. We regret what happened _____.

(A) a bit (C) very
(B) much (D) very much
бл

Prepositions
77. The village is _____ Sheffield. It’s only six miles away.
Би

(A) along (B) by (C) near (D) next

78. You can see the details _____ the computer screen.
(A) at (B) by (C) in (D) on
79. I’ve got a meeting _____ Thursday afternoon.
(A) at (B) in (C) on (D) to
80. We’ve lived in this flat _____ five years.
(A) ago (C) for
(B) already (D) since
81. This car is _____, if you’re interested in buying it.
(A) for sale (C) on sale
(B) in sale (D) to sell

82. Polly wants to cycle round the world. She’s really keen _____ the idea.
(A) about (B) for (C) on (D) with

Verbs with prepositions and adverbs

83. I prefer dogs _____ cats. I hate cats.
(A) from (B) over (C) than (D) to

Р
84. My father used the money he won to set ______ his own company.
(A) forward (C) out

УИ
(B) on (D) up

85. Don’t go too fast. I can’t keep _____ you.

(A) on to (C) up to
(B) on with

Reported speech
86. Someone _____ the tickets are free.
БГ
(D) up with
а
(A) said me (C) told me
ек

(B) said me that (D) told to me

87. Last week Justin said “I’ll do it tomorrow.” He said he would do it _____.
т

(A) the following day (C) tomorrow

(B) the previous day (D) yesterday
ио

88. I don’t know why Nancy didn’t go to the meeting. She said she ______
definitely going.
(A) be (C) was
бл

(B) is (D) would

89. The librarian asked us _____ so much noise.

Би

(A) don’t make (C) not making

(B) not make (D) not to make

Relative clauses
90. What’s the name of the man _____ gave us a lift?
(A) he (B) what (C) which (D) who

91. What was that notice _____?

(A) at that you were looking (C) you were looking at it
(B) you were looking at (D) which you were looking
 92. Susan is the woman _____ husband is in hospital.
(A) her (C) whose
(B) hers the (D) whose the
93. York, _____ last year, is a nice old city.
(A) I visited (C) Which I visited
(B) That I visited (D) Whom I visited
94. The accident was seen by some people _____ at a bus stop.
(A) waited (C) were waiting
(B) waiting (D) who waiting

Р
Conditionals and wish
95. If _____ my passport. I’ll be in trouble.

УИ
(A) I lose (C) I lost
(B) I’ll lose (D) I would lose
96. I haven’t got a ticket. If _____ one, I could get in.

БГ
(A) I’d have (C) I have
(B) I had (D) I’ve got
97. If the bus to the airport hadn’t been so late, we _____ the plane.
(A) caught (C) would caught
а
(B) had caught (D) would have caught
ек

98. If only people _____ keep sending me bills!

(A) don’t (C) weren’t
т

(B) shouldn’t (D) wouldn’t

Linking words
ио

99. I just had to take the dog out _____ of the awful weather.
(A) although (C) even though
(B) despite (D) in spite
бл

100. Anna put the electric fire on ____ warm.

(A) for getting
(B) in order get
Би

(C) so she gets

(D) to get
 TEST 26
1. Open the brackets using the proper voice and tense forms.
1. This time tomorrow everyone (read) of your success and all sorts of
people (ring up) to congratulate you.
2. I’m sure that our products (meet) changing markets needs.
3. He said that the target (to reach) successfully.
4. The business (to produce) a profit at present.
5. I believe that the favorable impression (to create) on our customers by
the end of the year.
6. I think that this niche (to fill) at the market already.

Р
7. What shall we do if we (make) a loss?
8. On the Milan Stock Exchange yesterday the company’s share price

УИ
(rise) by 300 lire to L. 2,155.
9. At the moment different plant layouts (study).
10. You (make) an appointment yet?
11. They already (agree) the design before they had a meeting.

БГ
12. They (do) more business in Belarus now.
13. If he (be) in his workplace he will sign it for you.
14. How long your company (develop) quality toys here?
15. He (be) in close cooperation with them for some years.
а
16. I’m sure these new changes much (speak about).
17. How many advertisements (place) in the Sales and Marketing Journal
ек

this month?

2. Open the brackets using the appropriate passive tense form.

т

1. A room (reserve) for you at the Grand Hotel.

2. No capital (require) if your company is well known.
ио

3. When he came back from lunch the report (correct and retype).
4. According to a recent report similar investments (make) next year.
5. Payment (enclose) together with our last order.
бл

6. IBM computers (use) by the world’s largest corporations.

7. The delivery (should, receive) by Friday.
8. A new employee just (tell) his work schedule.
Би

9. Everybody (ask) their opinions about the new proposal.

10. The report still (work) on now?
11. The letter to your parent company (send) a week ago.
12. How many people (involve) in marketing the new product?
13. The latest model of our electric car (launch) on 1 January 2004.
14. The catalogue, price list and advertising literature (send) by July.
15. What materials or supplies (buy) from abroad rather than from
domestic sources?
16. The invoice for the last shipment (pay) yet?
 3. Report these words and thoughts using the verbs suggested. Use
formal sequence of tenses.
1. “I'm going on a business trip tomorrow." She said ...
2. "I have just thought over the plans for additional new products." The
manager said …
3. "We will provide an analysis for existing and potential customers."
They said …
4. "Are you planning to develop a new product?" They asked us ...
5. "Have you closed the deal yet?" She wanted to know ...
6. "When did they penetrate the market?" He wondered ...
7. "Make up an appointment with the vice-president." He reminded us ...

Р
8. "You must pay a fine of fifty dollars." The judge ordered Mr. Jackson...
9. "Draw up these papers, please." She asked the secretary ...

УИ
4. Translate into English.
1. Он прочтет эту статью, когда ее переведут на русский язык. 2. Мне
вчера рассказали очень интересную историю. 3. За доктором только

БГ
что послали. 4. Я пошлю ему телеграмму, если он не приедет завтра.
5. Когда я вошла, он закрывал окно. 6. Она была счастлива. Она
сказала, что только что сдала экзамен.
TEST 27
а
ек

1. Choose the most suitable tense.

1. They discussed/were discussing the terms of delivery when you left.
2. If you will need/need to sue someone or are yourself sued, you will
т

need/need the specialist services of a solicitor.

3. Where is the product advertised/Were does the product advertise?
4. Did you sign/Have you signed the contract yet? – No, not yet. We are
ио

still discussing/We discuss the prices.

5. We had some bad news yesterday. – Yes, we learned the firm didn't
place/hadn't placed the order with us.
бл

6. The market outlook for North America gets/is getting better.

7. She is trying/has been trying to get through to head office all morning.
8. What time does/will the train from Birmingham arrive?
Би

9. You looked tired when I saw/was seeing you. – Yes. I had been
preparing/had prepared for the job interview.
10. Please don't call after 12.30. Mr. Carter will have/will be having a
meeting with our suppliers.
11. Because we had done/were doing a lot of advertising, we have
sold/sold a lot of products last year.
12. You will be surprised how much helpful information has been
obtained/has obtained from trade associations.
13. When you will estimate/estimate the actual cost in terms of time, you
will appreciate/appreciate the workload in generating new business.
14. Did you hear/Have you heard the latest news? Their financial accounts
have been audited/have audited by an independent accountant.
15. Bank finance is arranged/is being arranged now.

2. Supply the missing forms.

Cor.: Mr. Murdock, how long your company (operate) on the CIS market?
Mr. M.: We (be) active on the CIS market for four and a half years.
Cor.: Will you kindly give us more detail about the practical results of your
activity?
Mr. M.: Certainly, 18 construction sites (construct) in the CIS regions. Some
of the buildings (finish) already, others (construct). We (be) extremely lucky

Р
and successful so far. We are pleased with integrity and quality of the
people we (work) with here.

УИ
Cor.: Do you use such form of cooperation as joint venture?
Mr. M.: Yes, a lot of consideration (give) to joint venture projects as we
(realize) we have to open a manufacturing facility here.
Cor.: Mr. Murdock, you (do) very important business in this country. I wish

Mr. M.: Thank you.

БГ
you every success. Thank you very much for the interview.

3. Rewrite each sentence as indirect speech, beginning as shown.

а
a) 1. "The company is recruiting 100 new employees this year."
ек

The manager said

2. “Sales increased by eight per cent last year."
The director told the clients
т

3. "I will not come to the meeting tomorrow."

The clerk was sure
4. "This is the first bad cheque we've had this month."
ио

He said
5. "We hope to keep you as a regular customer despite any troubles you
may be having."
бл

She explained
6. "Outline the key roles of management personnel."
He ordered
Би

b) 1. "Can we send you these invoices today?"

She asked
2. "Which of these two statements of accounts is a true reflection of the
firm's performance?"
They wanted to know
3. "Will you audit the figures for this year please?"
They asked
4. "When are you seeing my colleagues next week?"
He would like to know
5. "Did you penetrate the market?"
They were eager to know
 6. "What important points should the plan include?"
He was interested to know
4. a) Complete the missing part of each of the following conditional
sentences.
1. If we (reach) agreement we would sign the contract the same day.
2. If we have good advertising, the product (be) a success.
3. If we had taken your advice, we (spend) more money.
4. Unless there is a major problem, we (need) only one day.
5. If there (be) an easy solution, we would have avoided the problems.
6. If we (pay) our workers better they wouldn't have left the company.

Р
b) Put each verb in brackets into a suitable tense.
1. If prices (fall), I (let) you know.

УИ
2. You (not pay) interest if you (settle) the bill within 60 days.
3. We (be) very grateful if you (can send) us the information.
4. If the sales (be) poor, we (charge) the distribution network.
5. If you (not be able to reschedule) the debt, they certainly (go bankrupt).

БГ
6. If you (increase) the order, l (lower) the price.

TEST 28
а
Conditionals.
1. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the right form of the verb.
ек

1. I should come and see you off if l (not live) so far away.
2. If I had the money, I (buy) that overcoat.
3. They (not go) tomorrow if it rains.
т

4. If Pete (stay) here a little longer, you will see him.

5. I should be disappointed if they (not come)
ио

6. If we had no luggage, we (walk) home.

7. If only I (manage) to attract his attention at the last party.
8. The weather is so fine today. I'd rather (walk) at least part of the way.
бл

9. He wishes he (know) that long ago.

10. I should have called you up yesterday if I (be) in town.
11. If the goods (load) quickly the day before yesterday we (receive) them
Би

in time.
12. If he (be) here, he would answer you.
13. We won't go out unless it (stop) raining.
14. I (come) if l had had lime.
15. She never intended to go, otherwise she (pack) her things.
16. You'd better (take)a couple of aspirins and try to sleep.
17. He would leave Moscow tonight if he (get) the necessary document
yesterday.
18. You (not catch cold) if you wear your overcoat.
19. The man (be killed) if the train hadn’t stopped quickly.
20. If it not (be raining) steadily for a fortnight, we (cross) the river easily.
 2. Change each sentence so that it should contain the word in capital
but keep the meaning.
1. It's a pity I couldn't go there yesterday. Wish.
2. She spoke in a strange way. She thought she was young. As If.
3. – Would you like a cup of coffee?
– No, thank you. I prefer a cup of tea. Would rather.
4. I'm so sorry, I spoilt your new car. Wish.
5. She is 16. She should know everything about it. Time.
3. Translate into English.

Р
1. Если бы вы знали лучше грамматику, вы бы не делали столько
ошибок в ваших упражнениях.

УИ
2. Если бы я не был так занят вчера, я поехал бы на вокзал
проводить его.
3. Я буду очень огорчен, если они не придут.
4. Мы приедем туда в 10 часов, если поезд не опоздает.

БГ
5. Если бы вы пришли сюда вчера между 2 и 3 часами, вы бы
застали его.
6. Хорошо бы завтра не было дождя.
Жаль, что вчера шел дождь.
а
7. Вы пожалеете, что не видели картину.
8. Им лучше не купаться в день приезда.
ек

9. Я пришел туда случайно, иначе бы я пропустил вечеринку.

10. Если бы не такое количество крема, торт был бы очень вкусный.
11. Жаль что я не сделал это вчера. Я хотел бы, чтобы ты был здесь
т

завтра.
12. Если бы не ее вспыльчивость, она бы была хорошим тренером.
ио

13. Пора бы тебе понять это.

4. Complete the following sentences.

бл

1. You would know English better if ………

2. I should have left Minsk yesterday if ………
3. If I were you ………
Би

4. If l had known that it was going to гаin ………

5. I liked your face otherwise ………
6. To have remained there any longer ………
7. If only I ………
8. Even if they were all against me ………

TEST 29
Modal Verbs.
1. Paraphrase the following sentences using suitable modal verbs.
1. He probably lost the key on his way home.
 2. It is possible that he was a good singer once, but he can't sing now at
all.
3. The performance was evidently over as many people were leaving
the theatre.
4. I think they knew everything about it.
5. I am sure they knew everything about it.
6. I am almost sure that she did not do anything of the kind.
7. The first place I advise you to go and see in London is the National
Gallery.
8. Students are recommended to attend classes regularly.
9. Your health is ruined. You didn't take care of it when you were young.

Р
10. He is going to be punished if he doesn't behave himself.
11. Your article is sure to be published next month.

УИ
12. I'm willing to help you with your grammar.
13. He obstinately continues to smoke though the doctor forbids him to.
14. She obstinately refuses to have her bad tooth pulled out, though the
pain is unbearable.

done to them.
БГ
15. You are sure to see your family safe and sound. No harm will be

16. Summer is the best time for holidays. I advise you to have a holiday
now and spend it walking about the country.
а
17. It’s impossible that the child is shivering with cold. He is warmly
ек

wrapped up.
18. I’m sure the weather will change for the better in a few days.
19. I think he is probably at home now.
т

20. I doubt that she was making notes of what I said.

21. I don't want to hurt her and I'm obliged to accept her invitation.
22. Nina offered to buy tickets to the concert and we all agreed.
ио

23. It wasn't necessary to press the blouse. It wasn't creased at all.

24. It isn't necessary for us to make a fuss over nothing.
25. It’s so bad of you not to have admitted your fault before everyone.
бл

26. It wasn't necessary to mention all those facts in her report. I wonder
why she did.
27. We've all agreed that Nick will take the floor at the meeting.
Би

28. Probably he will not get excited over the news.

2. Translate into English the parts of the sentence given in brackets
using modal verbs.
1. Do you think we (смогли бы добраться) home by nine?
2. I had never ceased to write to Peggotty, but (должно быть прошло)
seven years since we had met.
3. (Могу ли я сделать) as I like or (я должна делать) as you like?
4. «Now listen to me!» he said. «I'll tell you a few things that you
(должен был бы спросить) before starting out».
5. «I'm sorry about Mabel,» said Isaac. Lanny shrugged: «I suppose it
(должно было случиться).»
6. When you came here I told you were free to come and go as you
please, but you (не должна была навещать) Old Tante.
7. «She knows,» Sarie thought. «She knows, but (ни за что не
расскажет).»
8. Mr. Barkis, the carrier, (должен был заехать) for me in the morning
at nine o'clock, but he failed to do it.
9. That book was one of those that one (следовало прочитать).
10. Somebody has been talking, (кто бы это мог быть)?
11. (Незачем было волноваться), everything has turned out all right.

Р
12. Frequently he (можно было застать) in the garden bent over his
flowers.

УИ
13. I believe he was always afraid they (могут посмеяться) at him.
14. She protested but he (не хотел и слушать) to her protests.
15. It had been arranged between them that whichever woke up first,
before six (должен был позвать) the other by knocking on the wall.

БГ
16. Lanny opened his eyes and looked at the smiling young woman who
leaned over him (Это, вероятно, Мейбл), he thought.
17. I think he (мог бы подождать) till I came back.
а
3. Correct errors in the sentences if any.
ек

1. She can't haven't done it on time.

2. It should have been the place he told me about.
3. You may have warned me before going there.
т

4. You should come to the раrtу yesterday. We had a great fun. Why
didn't you come?
5. He must arrive at the very beginning of June.
ио

6. Pete might have done it last Monday, if he had been in town then.
7. Diana may not have missed the lecture as she was ill.
8. Fortunately, I knew the material quite well. So I needn't have read a
бл

lot for the dictation.

9. I was to spend my summer holidays in Paris, but then I changed my
mind.
Би

4. Translate into English.

1. Вам нужно поговорить с ней.
2. Вам придется поговорить с ней.
3. Вы могли бы поговорить с ней.
4. Мне пришлось поговорить с ней.
5. Кто должен с ней об этом поговорить?
6. Надо было поговорить с ней.
7. Вы бы не могли поговорить с ней?
8. Вам следует с ней поговорить.
9. Поговорите с ней, пожалуйста.
 10. Можете с ней об этом не говорить.
11. Не надо было с ней об этом говорить.
12. Вы могли и не говорить с ней об этом.
13. Поговорите с ней об этом.
14. Поговорить с ней об этом?
15. Нельзя с ней об этом говорить.
16. Не смейте с ней об этом говорить.
17. Виктор не хочет с ней об этом говорить.
18. Она бывало говорила с ней по вечерам перед сном.
19. Должно быть, она говорит с ней сейчас об этом.
20. Неужели она говорит с ней сейчас?

Р
21. Me может быть, чтобы она не поговорила с ней об этом.

УИ
TEST 30
The Infinitive
1. Supply all the missing forms of the following infinitives.

БГ
1. to be done
2. to have been talking
3. to ski
4. to be spoken of
а
5. to have been spending
6. to arrive
ек

7. to be leaving

2. Put "to" where necessary before the infinitives.

т

1. He would sooner – die than – betray his friends.

2. Why not - start out now?
ио

3. Have you ever heard him - complain of difficulties?

4. He was never heard - complain of difficulties.
5. Don't let us - waste time. There are hundreds of things - be done.
бл

6. I have never known him - do such things.

7. I know him - have been an actor once.
8. He was made - do his work independently.
Би

9. I won't have him – tell the truth. I would rather - tell a lie.
10. There is hardly anything - do but - work out an alternative plan.

3. Use the appropriate form of the infinitive in brackets.

1. If you go out like that you're certain (to recognize) sooner or later.
2. Well, I am not sorry (to miss) that train. I should not have met you
otherwise.
3. Did you actually expect all this (to do) in one afternoon?
4. She's much too young (to consult) about money matters.
5. It is certainly not the kind of book (to read) on vacation.
 6. They were discussing the flowers (to plant) on both sides of the
entrance gate.
7. She is known (to refuse) better offers than that.
8. It is ever so kind of you (to send) all those lovely flowers when I was
ill.
9. She had never really tried to avoid the admiring crowd. It was
pleasant (to recognize) and (to point out) wherever she went.
10. Once he must (be) a very talented actor, he must (to play) a lot in this
theatre, but he is unlikely (to play) any longer.

4. Paraphrase the following using the Infinitive in different functions.

Р
1. It's not easy to convince him. It seems he's having an opinion of his
own on everything.

УИ
2. I'm pleased that I've been of help to you.
3. She knows theatre so well that she can easily make a report on the
new trends in this field.
4. Have you noticed how she flushed when you looked at her?

head to greet me.

БГ
5. The speaker broke off in the middle of the sentence. He nodded his

6. The house which will be built here is designed for the workers of our
plant.
а
7. I left the window open so that he might hear the music.
ек

8. The book is very long, one can't read it in a day.

9. She called Pete names. I heard it.
10. She looked quickly at him as though she wanted to ask him for an
т

explanation.

5. State the syntactical functions of the Infinitive in the following

ио

sentences.
1. It will be quite easy for you to introduce the subject.
2. He's far too clever to be taken in by a child like you.
бл

3. You are sure to succeed.

4. I have something else to offer.
5. Her state was so grave that for a time she was not expected to live.
Би

6. I have arranged for you to have a private room.

7. He stood aside for us to pass.
8. Her dry hair was hard to keep tidy.
9. To make a long story short, the company broke up, and returned to
the more important concern of the election.
10. A soft sound behind him made him turn.

6. Translate into English.

1. Туристы были слишком усталыми, чтобы продолжать путь.
2. С ним трудно ладить, он очень нервный и вспыльчивый человек.
3. Вам нужно положить к ногам грелку, чтобы согреть их.
 4. Я, кажется, уже встречала вас раньше.
5. Чернило очень трудно стереть.
6. В довершение всего, мальчик жаловался на резкие боли в
животе и его пришлось немедленно положить в больницу.
7. Я очень сожалею, что заставила вас так долго ждать.
8. Говорят, он не справился с этой работой. Она оказалась
слишком сложной для него. У него не было достаточно знаний,
чтобы выполнить её квалифицированно.
9. Я видела, что он побледнел. Я видела, что он бледнеет. Я
видела, что он был бледным.

Р
TEST 31

УИ
VERBALS
1. Put the verb into the correct form.
1. How old were you when you learnt ...? (drive)
2. I don't mind ... home but I'd rather ... a taxi. (walk, get)

БГ
3. I can't make a decision. I keep ... my mind. (change)
4. He had made his decision & refused ... his mind. (change)
5. Why did you change your decision? What made you ... your mind?
(change)
6. It was a really good holiday. I really enjoyed ... by the sea again. (be)
а
7. Did I really tell you I was unhappy? I don't remember... that. (say)
ек

8. "Remember ... Tom tomorrow". "OK. I won't forget". (phone)

9. The water here is not very good. I'd avoid ... if I were you. (drink)
10. I pretended ... interested in the conversation but really it was very
т

boring. (be)
11. I got up & looked out of the window ... what the weather was like.
ио

(see)
12. I have a friend who claims ... able to speak five languages. (be)
13. I like ... carefully about things before ... a decision. (think, make)
14. Steve used ... a footballer. He had to stop ... because of an injury.
бл

(be, play)
15. After... by the police, the man admitted ... the car but denied ... at 100
miles an hour. (stop, steal, drive)
Би

16. A: How do you make this machine ...? (work)

B: I'm not sure. Try ... that button & see what happens. (press)
2. Complete the second sentence so that the meaning is similar to the
first.
1. I was surprised I passed the exam. I didn't expect ...
2. Did you manage to solve the problem? Did you succeed ...?
3. I don't read newspapers any more. I've given up ...
4. I'd prefer not to go out tonight. I'd rather ...
5. He can't walk very well. He has difficulty ...
6. Shall I phone you this evening? Do you want ... ?
7. Nobody saw me come in. I came in without ...
8. They said I was a cheat. I was accused ...
9. It will be good to see them again. I'm looking forward ...
10. What do you think I should do? What do you advise me ...
11. It's a pity I couldn't go out with you. I'd like ...
12. I'm sorry that I didn't take your advice. I regret ...
3. Choose the correct variant.
1. You can't stop me ... what I want.
A doing B do C to do D that I do
2. I must go now. I promised ... late

Р
A not being B not to be C to not be D I wouldn't be
3. Do you want ... with you or do you want to go alone?

УИ
A me coming B me to come C that I come D that I will come
4. I'm sure I locked the door. I clearly remember ... it.
A locking B to lock C to have locked
5. She tried to be serious but she couldn't help …

БГ
A laughing B to laughed C that she laughed
6. I like ... the kitchen as often as possible.
A cleaning B clean C to clean D that I clean
7. I'm tired. I'd rather … out this evening if you don't mind.
а
A not going B not to go C don't go D not go
8. «Shall I stay here?» «I’d rather … with us».
ек

A you come B you to come C you came D you would come

9. Are you looking forward ... Ann again?
A seeing B to see C to seeing
т

10. When Jane came to Britain, she had to get used ... on the left.
A driving B to driving C to drive
ио

11. I'm thinking ... a house. Do you think that's a good idea?
A to buy B of to buy C of buying
12. I'm sure you'll have no ... the exam.
бл

A difficulty to pass B difficulties to pass C difficulties passing D difficulty passing

13. A friend of mine phoned ... me to the party.
A for invite B to invite C for inviting D for to invite
Би

14. Jim doesn't speak very clearly ...

A It is difficulty to understand him. B He is difficult to understand.
C He is difficult to understand him.
15. The path was icy, so we walked very carefully. We were afraid ...
A of falling B from falling C to fall
16. I didn't hear you ... in. You must have been very quiet.
A come B to come C coming
4. Choose the most suitable words.
1. I never imagined the mountains to be/being so high!
2. Don't forget to wake/waking me before you leave.
 3. What do you mean to do/doing about the leaky pipes?
4. I regret to tell you/telling you that we cannot accept your offer.
5. Did you manage to find/finding the book you were looking for?
6. I tried taking/to take that medicine you gave me but I couldn't swallow
it.
7. We have postponed to tell/telling anyone the news until after
Christmas.
8. Have you considered to buy/buying a microwave oven?
9. Sorry I'm late, I had to stop to pick up/picking up the children from
school.
10. Margaret was slow at school, but she went on to be/being Prime

Р
Minister.

УИ
5. Supply where necessary the particle «to» before the infinitive.
1. As he answered her question, I noticed her... look surprised.
2. The doctor had expressly forbidden him ... talk.
3. I could feel the blood ... leave my face.

БГ
4. He did not hear the car ... arrive.
5. He was not only giving them the chance, he was pressing them ... do
it.
6. I shall try to make the thing ... work.
а
7. I wasn't prepared to let him ... go out alone.
ек

6. Translate the following into English using infinitives or ing-forms.

1. Ему посоветовали не рассказывать им историю своей жизни. (to
т

advise)
2. Через окно можно было видеть, что водитель ждёт у машины. (to
see)
ио

3. Ей дали понять, что она должна выехать из этой квартиры. (to

make)
4. Симон и Дик остались разговаривать в гостиной. (to leave)
бл

5. Считали, что она ушла от мужа. (believe)

TEST 32
Би

1. Choose the most suitable forms.

1. Most of the scientists (invited/inviting) to the conference were
(leading/led) specialists in various branches of economics.
2. Experiment is a test (carried out/being carried out) to gain new
knowledge.
3. The number of electronic computers (used/having been used) in any
(given/giving) field of human activity is an indication of the degree of
its modernity.
4. If (informed/informing) of new repressions, the workers will go on
strike.
5. When (giving/given) advice to others, think whether you would follow
it yourself.
6. Reporters can cause suffering to individuals (by publishing/by being
published) details about their private lives.
7. I'm absolutely sure I locked the door. I clearly remember (locking/to
lock) it.
8. I remembered (locking/to lock) the door when I left but I forgot to shut
the windows.
9. In Britain she had a lot of problems as she wasn't used (to
drive/driving) on the left.
10. The streets are unsafe at night. A lot of people are afraid (to go/of

Р
going) out.
11. I don't usually carry my passport with me. I'm afraid (of losing/to lose)

УИ
it.
12. (To be/Being) unemployed, he has never got much money, but it is
always (embarrassing/embarrassed) for him (to ask/asking) people
for it.

БГ
13. She avoided (expressing/to express) her opinion in public.
14. Would you mind (answering/to answer) a few questions?
15. He finished the letter with the words "I'm looking forward to
(seeing/see) you in Minsk.
а
16. The workers complained about (being regularly insulted/having
ек

insulted) by the employers.

17. I'm sorry (to bother/bothering) you, but I need to talk to you.
18. I'm sorry (for being/to be) late. I was delayed by the traffic.
т

19. The article (typing/being typed) now will be published tomorrow.

20. The students have just passed the last exam and one of them
suggested (going/to go) to the pub in the evening.
ио

21. I'm sorry (hearing/to hear) that you've lost your job.
2. Put the verbs into the correct form.
бл

1. If you (speak) more slowly he might have understood you.

2. If I (pass) my exam, I'll join your company.
3. If he had tried again, I think he (succeed) in passing his driving test.
4. He wouldn't have been arrested if he (try) to leave the country.
Би

5. I (take) a taxi if I had realized it was such a long way.

6. If they (ban) the sale of alcohol at football matches there might be
less violence.
7. You not (have) so much trouble with your car if you had it served
regularly.
3. Use the Subjunctive Mood.
1. If someone (offer) you to buy one of these rings which you (choose)
(future/past).
2. You (get) pneumonia if you (not to change) your wet clothes (past).
 3. It's desirable that you (to learn) to forgive the shortcomings of other
people just as you expect them to overlook yours.
4. It is required that people (to observe) certain norms of behaviour in
any society.
5. I wish my friend (to be) frank with me.
6. I wish you (to understand) that happiness is not just a sum of
pleasures.
7. It is time people (to realize) that it is no longer possible to settle
international disputes by means of war.
8. A radical reconstruction of the economy requires that enterprises (to
be) self-financing.

Р
9. The diplomats suggested that negotiations on this problem (to start)
at once.

УИ
4. Translate into English.
1. Если бы вы прислали свою статью вчера, она была бы уже
опубликована в сегодняшней газете.

БГ
2. Если бы у нее было свободное время, она бы закончила писать
курсовую работу через несколько дней.
3. Желательно, чтобы каждый человек знал хотя бы один
иностранный язык.
а
4. Преподаватель предложил, чтобы студенты обсудили свое
ек

участие в конференции после занятий.

5. Как жаль, что я не мог работать с компьютером в детстве. Моя
жизнь могла бы быть более интересной.
т

6. Если бы не их помощь, мы не смогли бы закончить эту работу

вовремя.
7. Как жаль, что я не знала, что происходит. Я бы постаралась все
ио

изменить.

TEST 33
бл

1. Choose the correct variant.

1. If you had helped me, I … a business plan long before.
Би

a) will prepare b) would prepare c) would be preparing d) would have prepared

2. If you … your market share in the competitive environment you will
make large profits.
a) maintain and increase b) maintained and increased
c) will maintain and increase d) had maintained and increased
3. If I … so many expensive things I would run out of money easily.
a) will keep buying b)kept buying c) keep buying
d) would have kept buying
4. If you … less conservative and more adaptable to change things you
could have capitalized on the situation then.
a) are b) will be c) were d) had been
5. It is important that the suppliers … what the customers want and
when they want.
a) delivered b) had delivered c) should deliver d) would have delivered
6. He suggested that all the relevant documents … to the lender or
investor in advance of meeting.
a) should send b) should be sent c)has sent d) were sent
7. If you make a realistic assessment of time needed, you … the
workload in generating new business.
a) will appreciate b) would appreciate c) would have appreciated
d) appreciated
8. It’s time you … comparisons against your original budget and cash

Р
flow.
a) would make b) made c) have made d)make

УИ
9. If he … his assets, he will face bankruptcy.
a) lose b) loses c) will lose d) had lost
10. If you … sound professional advice at the outset of your business,
you wouldn’t have experienced such difficulties.

БГ
a) obtain b) will obtain c) obtained d)had obtained

2. Open the brackets. Use the correct tense form.

1. It is important that you (create) the right impression on the
а
interviewer.
ек

2. If only I (can change) the situation for the better.

3. It’s time they (have) confidence in their products.
4. I wish there (be) a greater demand in the market for these goods.
т

5. He suggested they (describe) each individual’s duties and

responsibilities.
6. If he (convince) his supplier then he (have) no problems today.
ио

7. If you (be) in trouble, contact me immediately.

8. It is necessary that a potential investor (know) how the business is
operated.
бл

9. He insisted that the employees (follow) the company rules.

10. I wish they (be able) to reschedule their debt next week.
11. If you (have) your personal opinion about that you (not feel) stupid in
Би

that situation.
12. I require you (exercise) the powers vested in you.
13. But for the personal guarantee from the director of the company I (not
accept) his offer.
14. In your place I (notify) your clients about your difficulties.
15. It’s time she (not take) company’s things for personal use.
16. If only they (raise) finance at that time.
 3. Open the brackets. Use the infinitive in brackets with suitable modal
verb.
1. The prices quoted appeared to be very high. So, they (look for)
another supplier.
2. What do you think caused the damage? Someone (open) the crate.
3. We are quite dissatisfied with their performance. You (recommend)
us another firm.
4. Our firm has cash flow problems, so we (not pay) at the moment.
5. That (be) one reason why I broke.
6. Some spare parts are missing. The manufacturer (send) us a
replacement at once.

Р
7. I (employ) more staff to finish the order?
8. I (not explain) how to operate the device. She knew it perfectly well.

УИ
9. She keeps coming late to the office every day. You (dismiss) her long
ago.
10. I don’t understand. I sent a check some weeks ago. Why haven’t they
received it yet? It (lose) in the post.

БГ
11. How I (answer) these questions at the interview?
12. You (not borrow) the money form the bank. You got it from your
relatives.
13. She is only 20. She (not be) the President of the large company.
а
14. We know nothing about it. The work (carry out) in secret for a long
ек

time.
15. Only at the end of the year they (attract) new investors.
16. My grandfather (tell) office gossips about his colleagues.
т

17. Their products don’t meet European standards. They (find)

customers for their products in Europe?
18. Look! She is very angry. You (call) and (inform) her about the
ио

schedule changes earlier.

4. Choose the most suitable forms.

бл

1. Most of the scientists (invited/inviting) to the conference were

(leading/led) specialists in various branches of economics.
2. Experiment is a test (carried out/being carried out) to gain new
Би

knowledge.
3. The number of electronic computers (used/having been used) in any
(given/giving) field of human activity is an indication of the degree of
its modernity.
4. If (informed/informing) of new repressions, the workers will go on
strike.
5. When (giving/given) advice to others, think whether you would follow
it yourself.
6. Reporters can cause suffering to individuals (by publishing/by being
published) details about their private lives.
 7. I’m absolutely sure I locked the door. I clearly remember (locking/to
lock) it.
8. I remembered (locking/to lock) the door when I left but I forgot to shut
the windows.
5. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя, где нужно,
оборот «объектный падеж с инфинитивом».
1. Я видел, как он открыл окно. 2. Я видел, что у дома остановилось
такси. 3. Мы видели, как они вошли в комнату. 4. Никто не заметил,
что она вышла из комнаты. 5. Он не слышал, как я постучал в дверь.
6. Я видел, как почтальон перешел улицу и вошел в дом. 7. Я никогда

Р
не слышал, как он говорит по-французски. 8. Мы наблюдали, как дети
играли в саду. 9. Мы слышали, как она просила его об этом. 10. Я

УИ
хочу, чтобы ваша статья была опубликована. 11. Он хочет, чтобы эта
статья была переведена на русский язык. 12. Где вы хотите, чтобы мы
ждали вас? 13. Когда вы хотите, чтобы Петр был здесь? 14. Я хочу,
чтобы вы пошли в библиотеку и вернули эти журналы.
TEST 34

БГ
1. Beneath each sentence are four phrases marked “a”, “b”, “c”, “d”.
Choose the one phrase which is appropriate.
а
1. Sam is my best friend. I …… him since childhood
ек

a) know b) am knowing c) have known d) knew

2. Jill is away. She …… on business three days ago.
a) has gone b)is gone c) went d) is going
т

3. How often …… to your parents?

a) you write b) do you write c) you wrote d) have you written
4. What …… ? – He is a teacher.
ио

a) did your father do b) does your father do c) your father does

d) is your father doing
5. Please, do not make noise. I …… for the exam.
бл

a) study b) have studied c) am studying d) studied

6. I have worked for this company …… .
a) for a long time b) since a long time c) during a long time
Би

d) before a long time

2. Beneath each sentence are four phrases marked “a”, “b”, “c”, “d”.
Choose the one which best completes the sentence.
1. If you are still hungry. I’ll make you …… sandwich.
a) another b) other c) the other d) others
2. Mary cannot type well, and her sister cannot …… .
a) neither b) too c) also d) either
3. The pianist is playing very …… .
a) well b) nice c) good d) fine
 4. I’m …… today than I’ve ever been.
a) more busy b) much busy c) busiest d) busier
5. He has been very unwell …… .
a) lately b) later c) latest d) late
3. Supply the appropriate article if necessary.
1. She was wearing … blue jeans and … shirt. … shirt was made of …
cotton.
2. I love … music, poetry and art.
3. Does she really play … guitar?
4. It’s … worst mistake you’ve ever made.

Р
5. It was … very comfortable hotel but I don’t really remember … name.
6. – Where is … money? – Well, it may be on … dressing-table.

УИ
7. I’m going to give Kelly … cassette at Christmas.
8. There’s … man and some girls in … water. … man is swimming, but
… girls are not. … sun is shining and … water is warm. It’s … nice
day in summer.

БГ
9. What do you do for … living? – Well. I’m … salesperson. I work in …
large store. … store sells ladies’ clothes.

4. Ask all possible questions.

а
1. There is a lot of coffee in the can.
2. Bill is flying to Paris next week.
ек

5. Supply the appropriate preposition if necessary.

Does he really come … Scotland? – No, he was born … the USA but his
т

parents moved … Scotland soon … his birth. And he went … school … the
age … five. When he left … school, he went … work. He didn’t have any
ио

qualifications, so he got a job … a factory. When he earned some money,

he applied … London School of Business. Now he has a business … his
own. He is married … an Englishwoman. I believe he is happy … his life
бл

and career.

6. Choose the one right word in brackets.

Би

1. Would you like to have a look at the (man’s, men’s) suits in the
department store?
2. She speaks (bad, badly) English.
3. Jimmie is the (bright, brightest) student in English Literature class.
4. How (nice, nicely) you look today!
5. Roger is a friend (to, of) Nancy’s.
6. I have (no, not) fruit left. I think I’ll go to the (next, nearest) fruit stall
and buy (some, little).
7. Could you give me (anything, something) to eat, mum? I’m terribly
(thirsty, hungry).
8. Peter and Lily are going (to marry, to get married) soon.
9. When did your grandpa (dead, die)?
10. I’m (learning, studying) social sciences at university.
11. He has quit his job and now is looking (for, forward) another one.
12. What (is, are) the news? – Nothing much. There (isn’t, aren’t) any
news (so far, still).
13. I’ve never seen the man. What (does, is) he look like?
14. (Form, Of) all the people around she was (a most, the most)
beautiful.
15. (The White, The Whites) are a very sympathetic family.
16. He lives (in, at) a very nice house called “The Pines”.
17. Who are you (listening, listening to)?

Р
18. I hear you’re going to leave your (present, past) job. Is it (true, truth)?
19. When she (divorces, gets a divorce), she’ll go to (live, leave) in the

УИ
country.
20. Is that your (children’s, children’) room? – No, it’s my (wife and mine,
wife’s and mine)
21. I think she has fallen (in love, out of love). She has never before
looked (so, as) happy as she does today.

БГ
READING COMPREHENSION AND VOCABULARY TESTS
а
TEST 1
ек

Part A
Choose the correct answer.
т

1. Library cards will expire when they are not used.

(A) cost more money
ио

(B) cease to be effective

(C) be mailed to the holder’s address
(D) be continued automatically
бл

2. As soon as the board of elections promulgates the list of candidates,

a ballot is prepared.
(A) informally discusses (C) officially declares
Би

(B) quickly contacts (D) critically reviews

3. Collections of opals and quartz are featured at the City Museum’s

annual exhibition of precious stones.
(A) coins (C) gems
(B) loot (D) shells

4. Because of a long drought, Midwestern farmers are doubtful about

the prospect of a good yield.
(A) sympathetic (C) dubious
(B) intrepid (D) thrilled
 5. A compound break is more serious than a simple one because there
is more opportunity for loss of blood and infection.
(A) bruise (C) burn
(B) sprain (D) fracture
6. If a client insists upon being stubborn, lawyers have to settle claims
in court.
(A) obstinate (C) abject
(B) indignant (D) gauche
7. Psychologists encourage their patients not to get upset about trivial
matters.

Р
(A) unexpected (C) unimportant
(B) unusual (D) uncertain

УИ
8. The street lights in most American cities adjust automatically at dusk.
(A) in the middle of the night (C) in the evening just before dark
(B) in the middle of the day (D) in the morning just before light

БГ
9. Professor Baker is a coworker of Professor Ayers.
(A) an advocate (C) a rival
(B) a disciple (D) a colleague
10. It is much easier to talk about social change than it is to make it
а
happen.
ек

(A) acknowledge it (C) bring it about

(B) predict it (D) put up with it
т

11. In frogs and toads, the tongue is fixed to the front of the mouth in
order to facilitate projecting it at some distance, greatly aiding in the
capture of insects.
ио

(A) rotating (C) vibrating

(B) protruding (D) contracting
бл

12. A thrifty buyer purchases fruits and vegetables in season.

(A) healthy (C) careful
(B) disinterested (D) professional
Би

13. Madame Curie was completely engrossed in her work.

(A) disturbed (C) fatigued
(B) absorbed (D) successful

14. Strive for excellence.

(A) Cooperate with others (C) Make efforts
(B) Be patient (D) Pay well

15. The value of an old item increases with time.

(A) a facsimile (C) an antique
(B) a bonus (D) an original
16. Frontier settlements had to depend on the cavalry.
(A) visit (C) meet
(B) trust (D) help
17. It is very discourteous to intrude during someone’s conversation.
(A) find fault (C) be in the way
(B) disagree (D) leave quickly

18. In some states drivers are fined $100 for careless driving.
(A) routine (C) adept
(B) reckless (D) aggressive

Р
19. In certain types of poisoning, immediately give large quantities of

УИ
soapy or salty water in order to induce vomiting.
(A) control (C) cause
(B) clean (D) stop

(B) grouchy БГ
20. Feeling irritable may be a side effect of too much medication.
(A) drowsy (C) dizzy
(D) silly
а
21. A series of columns supporting a large porch is typical of the
ек

architecture of pre-Civil War mansions in the South.

(A) statues (C) pillars
(B) murals (D) arches
т

22. Preservatives are added to bread to keep it from getting stale.

(A) small (C) old
ио

(B) flat (D) wet

23. That a driver swerves in order to avoid an accident can be proven by

бл

examining the marks on the pavement.

(A) turns sharply (C) hits something else
(B) stops quickly (D) goes backwards
Би

24. Even as a child Thomas Edison had a very inquisitive mind; at the
age of three he performed his first experiment.
(A) complex (C) mature
(B) brilliant (D) curious

25. Mark Anthony’s eulogy of Caesar at his funeral is memorably

recorded in a play by Shakespeare.
(A) prayer (C) praise
(B) biography (D) denunciation
 26. Flatboats ferry cars on the Great Lakes between the United States
and Canada.
(A) transport (C) pursue
(B) inspect (D) detain

27. Drink only tepid liquids.

(A) slightly warm (C) slightly cool
(B) very hot (D) very cold
28. The TOEFL examination will begin precisely at eight-thirty.
(A) exactly (C) occasionally

Р
(B) usually (D) monthly
29. The other members of the Cabinet made fun of the Secretary of

УИ
Interior when he purchased Alaska because, at the time, it was not
considered valuable.
(A) admired (C) envied

БГ
(B) derided (D) endorsed

30. Most competitions are not open to both professionals and

nonprofessionals.
(A) aliens (C) amateurs
а
(B) juniors (D) tutors
ек

Part B
т

Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is

stated or implied in that passage.
ио

Questions 31-34 refer to the following passage:

It has long been known that when exposed to light under suitable
conditions of temperature and moisture, the green parts of plants use
бл

carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release oxygen to it. These
exchanges are the opposite of those which occur in respiration. The
process is called photosynthesis. In photosynthesis, carbohydrates are
Би

synthesized from carbon dioxide and water by the chloroplasts of plant

cells in the presence of light. Oxygen is the product of the reaction. For
each molecule of carbon dioxide used, one molecule of oxygen is
released. A summary chemical equation for photosynthesis is:
6CO2+6H3O C6H13O6+6O2
31. The combination of carbon dioxide and water to form sugar results in
an excess of
(A) water (C) carbon
(B) oxygen (D) chlorophyll

32. A process that is the opposite of photosynthesis is

(A) decomposition (C) diffusion
(B) synthesization (D) respiration
33. In photosynthesis, water
(A) must be present

Р
(B) is produced in carbohydrates
(C) is stored as chemical energy

УИ
(D) interrupts the chemical reaction
34. The title below that best expresses the ideas in this passage is
(A) A Chemical Equation

БГ
(B) The Process of Photosynthesis
(C) The Parts of Vascular Plants
(D) The Production of Sugar
Questions 35-37 refer to the following course description:
а
490. English Composition. Fall, spring. 3 hours. One lecture, two writing
laboratories. Prerequisite: English 400 or permission of the instructor.
ек

A review of English grammar and vocabulary, practice in writing technical

English. Intended to assist foreign graduate students to write theses. Not
open to native speakers. Professor Baker.
т

35. Foreign graduate students will probably take this class

ио

(A) with native speakers

(B) after they write their theses
(C) after they take English 400
бл

(D) instead of writing a thesis

36. From this course description we know that Professor Baker will teach
(A) English technical writing (C) English literature
Би

(B) English conversation (D) Foreign languages

37. The description implies that the course will
(A) be very theoretical
(B) meet six times a week
(C) include some grammar and vocabulary as well as composition
(D) be offered three times a year
Questions 38-40 refer to the following sentence:
The Nobel Prizes, awarded annually for distinguished work in
chemistry, physics, physiology or medicine, literature, and international
 peace, were made available by a fund bequeathed for that purpose by
Swedish philanthropist, Alfred Bernhard Nobel.

38. The Nobel Prizes are awarded

(A) five times a year (C) twice a year
(B) once a year (D) once every two years

39. A Nobel Prize would NOT be given to

(A) an author who wrote a novel
(B) a doctor who discovered a vaccine
(C) a composer who wrote a symphony

Р
(D) a diplomat who negotiated a peace settlement

УИ
40. Alfred Bernhard Nobel
(A) left money in his will to establish a fund for the prizes
(B) won the first Nobel Prize for his work in philanthropy
(C) is now living in Sweden

the prizes
БГ
(D) serves as chairman of the committee to choose the recipients of

Questions 41-45 refer to the following passage:

а
Although stage plays have been set to music since the era of the
ек

ancient Greeks when the dramas of Sophocles and Aeschylus were

accompanied by lyres and flutes, the usually accepted date for the
beginning of opera as we know it is 1600. As part of the celebration of the
т

marriage of King Henry IV of France to the Italian aristocrat Maria de

Medici, the Florentine composer Jacopo Perí produced his famous
Euridice, generally considered to be the first opera. Following his
ио

example, a group of Italian musicians called the Camerata began to

revive the style of musical story that had been used in Greek tragedy.
бл

41. This passage is a summary of

(A) opera in Italy (C) the development of opera
(B) the Camerata (D) Euridice
Би

42. According to the author, Jacopo Perí wrote

(A) Greek tragedy (C) The opera Maria de Medici
(B) The first opera (D) The opera The Camerata

43. We can infer that the Camerata

(A) was a group of Greek musicians
(B) developed a new musical drama based upon Greek drama
(C) was not known in Italy
(D) was the name given to the court of King Henry IV
 44. The author suggests that Euridice was produced
(A) in France
(B) originally by Sophocles and Aeschylus
(C) without much success
(D) for the wedding of King Henry IV

45. According to this passage, modern opera began in the

(A) time of the ancient Greeks
(B) fifteenth century
(C) sixteenth century
(D) seventeenth century

Р
Questions 46-49 refer to the following advertisement:

УИ
Outstanding opportunity with local real estate corporation. Requires
strong background in real estate, financing, closing. Some legal training
helpful. Prefer candidate with M.A. and two or more years of successful

БГ
real estate experience. Broker’s license required. Salary range $16,000-
$23,000 commensurate with education and experience. Begin
immediately. Interviews will be conducted Tuesday and Thursday, June
10 and 12. Call for an appointment 243-1153, or send a letter of
а
application and résumé to:
ек

Personnel Department
Executive Real Estate Corporation 500 Capital Avenue
Lawrence, Kansas 67884
т

46. Which of the following is NOT a requirement for the job advertised?
(A) At least two years’ experience
ио

(B) An M.A.
(C) A broker’s license
(D) Extensive legal training
бл

47. The salary range indicates that

(A) everyone earns a beginning salary of $16, 000
Би

(B) the salary depends upon the amount of education and work
experience that the applicant has
(C) some applicants would earn less than $16,000
(D) candidates with an M.A. would earn $23,000

48. What should an interested candidate submit with his or her

application?
(A) A current address and telephone number
(B) A signed contract
(C) A summary of work experience
(D) A request for employment
 49. This passage would most probably be found in
(A) the classified section of a newspaper
(B) a college catalog
(C) a textbook
(D) a dictionary

Questions 50-52 refer to the following sentence:

According to the controversial sunspot theory, great storms on the
surface of the sun hurl streams of solar particles into the atmosphere,
causing a shift in the weather on earth.

Р
50. Solar particles are hurled into space by
(A) undetermined causes

УИ
(B) disturbances of wind
(C) small rivers on the surface of the sun
(D) changes in the earth’s atmosphere

БГ
51. The sunspot theory is
(A) not considered very important
(B) widely accepted
(C) subject to disagreement
а
(D) relatively new
ек

52. The matter from the sun which enters the earth’s atmosphere is
(A) very small (C) very bright
(B) very hot (D) very hard
т

Questions 53-55 refer to the following passage:

Recent technological advances in manned and unmanned undersea
ио

vehicles overcome some of the limitations of divers and diving equipment.

Without a vehicle, divers often became sluggish and their mental
concentration became limited. Because of undersea pressure which
бл

affected their speech organs, communication among divers was difficult

or impossible. But today, most oceanographers make observations by
means of instruments which are lowered into the ocean or from samples
Би

taken from the water. Direct observations of the ocean floor are made not
only by divers but also by deep-diving submarines. Some of these
submarines can dive to depths of more than seven miles and cruise at
depths of fifteen thousand feet. Radio-equipped buoys can be operated
by remote control in order to transmit information back to land-based
laboratories, including data about water temperature, currents and
weather.
53. Divers have had problems in communicating underwater because
(A) the pressure affected their speech organs
(B) the vehicles they used have not been perfected
 (C) they did not pronounce clearly
(D) the water destroyed their speech organs

54. This passage suggests that the successful exploration of the ocean
depends upon
(A) vehicles as well as divers
(B) radios that divers use to communicate
(C) controlling currents and the weather
(D) the limitations of diving equipment

55. Undersea vehicles

Р
(A) are too small for a man to fit inside
(B) are very slow to respond

УИ
(C) have the same limitations that divers have
(D) make direct observations of the ocean floor

Questions 56-60. For each of these questions, choose the answer that is

БГ
closest in meaning to the original sentence. Note that several of the
choices may be factually correct, but you should choose the one that is the
closest restatement of the given sentence.
а
56. This mask, which dates from the fifth century, is older than any other
ек

artifact in the exhibition.

(A) The other artifacts in the exhibition are older than the fifth-century
mask.
т

(B) The fifth-century mask is not as old as the other artifacts in the
exhibition.
(C) The fifth-century mask is older than one of the other artifacts in
ио

the exhibition.
(D) The other artifacts in the exhibition are not as old as the fifth-
century mask.
бл

57. They took Lakeshore Drive home because the traffic was so heavy
on the freeway.
Би

(A) They drove home in heavy traffic on Lakeshore Drive instead of

taking the freeway.
(B) They drove home to Lakeshore Drive in the heavy traffic on the
freeway.
(C) They took the freeway home because the traffic was not as heavy
as it was on Lakeshore Drive.
(D) Since there was so much traffic on the freeway, they went home
by way of Lakeshore Drive.
 58. Don’t wait any longer than ten minutes before you remove the
crucible from the flame.
(A) If possible, the crucible should remain in the flame longer than ten
minutes.
(B) Ten minutes is as long as you should wait before removing the
crucible from the flame.
(C) Removing the crucible from the flame for ten minutes is what you
should do.
(D) You should wait ten minutes to put the crucible in the flame.
59. Travelling on one’s own is often more expensive than taking a guided

Р
tour.
(A) An expensive guided tour costs more than travelling on one’s

УИ
own.
(B) Travelling on one’s own costs less than taking a guided tour.
(C) It costs less to take a guided tour than to travel on one’s own.
(D) Because guided tours are expensive, they cost more than

БГ
travelling on one’s own.

60. It is never too small a job for the J.G. Harris Company.
(A) The J.G. Harris Company never takes small jobs.
а
(B) The J.G. Harris Company takes small jobs as well as large ones.
(C) If the job is too small, the J.G. Harris Company will not accept it.
ек

(D) Because the J.G. Harris Company is small, it will accept any job.

TEST 2
т

Part A
Choose the correct answer.
ио

1. It is theorized that the universe is expanding at a rate of fifty miles per

second per million light years.
(A) getting larger (C) getting smaller
бл

(B) getting faster (D) getting slower

2. Veterinarians usually give dogs an anesthetic so that they don’t cry
Би

out in pain.
(A) gulp (C) yelp
(B) flip (D) purr

3. City taxes are based on an estimate of the value of one’s property.

(A) appraisal (C) diagnosis
(B) forecast (D) outline

4. Proximity to the court house makes an office building more valuable.

(A) Interest in (C) Nearness to
(B) Similarity to (D) Usefulness for
5. A balanced diet should include fish and fowl as well as red meat.
(A) fruit (C) vegetables
(B) birds (D) cheese and milk
6. The Congress respected Jefferson because, although he was stern,
he was fair.
(A) emulated (C) looked up to
(B) counted on (D) obeyed
7. Trees that block the view of oncoming traffic should be cut down.
(A) alter (C) improve

Р
(B) obstruct (D) spoil

УИ
8. People who live in the country enjoy a rustic life style.
(A) slow (C) simple
(B) difficult (D) happy

БГ
9. Although buses are scheduled to depart at a certain hour, they are
often late.
(A) listed (C) obligated
(B) requested (D) loaded
а
10. Because light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to go
ек

before thunder.
(A) prolong (C) repel
(B) traverse (D) precede
т

11. The Constitution guarantees that private homes will not be searched
without a warrant.
ио

(A) special guard (C) national emergency

(B) written authorization (D) small payment
12. Vendors must have a license.
бл

(A) everyone employed in food service

(B) everyone who drives a car
(C) everyone engaged in selling
Би

(D) everyone who works in a hospital

13. When students do not have time to read a novel before class, they
read an outline of the plot instead.
(A) an article (C) a critique
(B) a synopsis (D) an essay
14. The Miami Port Authorities have seized over a million dollars worth of
illegal drugs.
(A) confiscated (C) concealed
(B) discarded (D) destroyed
 15. Dali’s paintings can inspire a pensive mood.
(A) cheerful (C) depressed
(B) thoughtful (D) confused

16. The copperhead, a snake that strikes without warning, is considered

much more dangerous than the rattlesnake.
(A) exquisite (C) treacherous
(B) sporadic (D) aloof
17. The remnants of the Roman Empire can be found in many countries
in Asia, Europe, and Africa.

Р
(A) effects (C) buildings
(B) small pieces (D) destruction

УИ
18. The landscape can change abruptly after a rainstorm in the desert
Southwest.
(A) quickly (C) favorably

БГ
(B) sharply (D) slightly
19. Because of the extreme pressure under water, divers are often
sluggish.
(A) slow (C) careful
а
(B) hurt (D) worried
ек

20. Travel agents will confirm your reservations for you free.
(A) purchase (C) exchange
(B) verify (D) obtain
т

21. J.P. Morgan had a reputation for being a prudent businessman.

(A) clever (C) careful
ио

(B) wealthy (D) dishonest

22. Discretionary funds are included in most budgets to cover expenses
бл

that the contractor might run into during the work.

(A) forget to do (C) meet unexpectedly
(B) pay for (D) add on
Би

23. The successful use of antitoxins and serums has virtually eradicated
the threat of malaria, yellow fever, and other insect-borne diseases.
(A) improved (C) discovered
(B) removed (D) announced
24. The audience applauded enthusiastically after the performance at the
Grand Old Opera.
(A) clapped (C) laughed
(B) chatted (D) contributed
25. A legal combination of United States Airways, Inc., and the
Intercontinental Airlines Company was approved at a joint board of
directors meeting.
(A) reconciliation (C) merger
(B) strike (D) memorandum
26. News commentator, Eric Sevareid, had to yell to be heard above the
hubbub.
(A) noise and confusion (C) argument
(B) loud music (D) sports activity
27. It is difficult to discern the sample that is on the slide unless the

Р
microscope is adjusted.

УИ
(A) discard (C) determine
(B) arrange (D) debate
28. John Dewey loathed the idea that children should not participate in
activities as part of their educational experience.

БГ
(A) encouraged (C) hated
(B) noticed (D) began
29. The pact has been in effect for twenty years.
а
(A) monarchy (C) trend
(B) treaty (D) lease
ек

30. Relaxation therapy teaches one not to fret over small problems.
(A) worry about (C) get involved in
т

(B) get angry about (D) look for

Part B
ио

Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is

stated or implied in that passage.
бл

Questions 31-33 refer to the following passage:

There are many ways of communicating without using speech.
Signals, signs, symbols, and gestures may be found in every known
culture. The basic function of a signal is to impinge upon the environment
Би

in such a way that it attracts attention, as, for example, the dots and
dashes of a telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for
communication is very great. While less adaptable to the codification of
words, signs contain greater meaning in and of themselves. A stop sign or
a barber pole conveys meaning quickly and conveniently. Symbols are
more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their
intricate relationship with the receiver’s cultural perceptions. In some
cultures, applauding in a theater provides performers with an auditory
symbol of approval. Gestures such as waving and handshaking also
communicate certain cultural messages.
 31. According to this passage, a signal is
(A) more difficult to describe than other forms of communication
(B) an interruption in the environment
(C) less able to be adapted to refer to speech
(D) a gesture
32. Applauding was cited as an example of
(A) a signal (C) a symbol
(B) a sign (D) a gesture
33. It may be concluded from this passage that
(A) signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are forms of communication

Р
(B) symbols are very easy to define and interpret

УИ
(C) only some cultures have signals, signs, and symbols
(D) waving and handshaking are not related to culture
Questions 34-36 refer to the following passage:
Application for admission to the Graduate School at this university

БГ
must be made on forms provided by the Director of Admissions. An
applicant whose undergraduate work was done at another institution
should request that two copies of undergraduate transcripts and degrees
will be sent directly to the Dean of the Graduate School.
а
Both the application and the transcripts must be on file at least one
ек

month prior to the registration date, and must be accompanied by a

nonrefundable ten-dollar check or money order to cover the cost of
processing the application.
т

34. This passage would most probably be found in a

(A) university catalog (C) newspaper
ио

(B) travel folder (D) textbook

35. According to this passage, where would a student secure application

бл

forms for admission to the university?

(A) From the chairperson of the department
(B) From the Dean of the Graduate School
Би

(C) From the institution where the undergraduate work was done
(D) From the Director of Admissions

36. Which of the following documents must be on file thirty days before
the registration date?
(A) Two copies of recommendations from former professors
(B) A written approval of the Dean of the Graduate School
(C) One set of transcripts and an English proficiency score
(D) Two copies of undergraduate courses and grades, an application
form, and an application fee
Questions 37-39 refer to the following sentence:
A complete fertilizer is usually marked with a formula consisting of
three numbers such as 4-8-2 or 3-6-4 which designate the percentage
content of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash in the order stated.
37. In the formula 3-6-4
(A) the content of nitrogen is greater than that of potash
(B) the content of potash is greater than that of phosphoric acid
(C) the content of phosphoric acid is less than that of nitrogen
(D) the content of nitrogen is less than that of phosphoric acid
38. In the formula 4-8-2 the smallest percentage content is that of

Р
(A) nitrogen (C) acid

УИ
(B) phosphorus (D) potash
39. The percentage of nitrogen in a 5-8-7 formula fertilizer is
(A) 3 percent (C) 7 percent
(B) 5 percent (D) 8 percent

БГ
Questions 40-44 refer to the following passage:
It has been documented that, almost twelve million years ago at the
beginning of the Pliocene Age, a horse, about midway through its
а
evolutionary development, crossed a land bridge where the Bering Straits
are now located, from Alaska into the grasslands of Europe. The horse
ек

was the hipparion, about the size of a modern-day pony with three toes
and specialized cheek teeth for grazing. In Europe the hipparion
encountered another less advanced horse called the anchitheres, which
т

had previously invaded Europe by the same route, probably during the
Miocene Period. Less developed and smaller than the hipparion, the
ио

anchitheres was completely replaced by it. By the end of the Pleistocene

Age both the anchitheres and the hipparion had become extinct in North
America, where they had originated. In Europe they had evolved into an
бл

animal very similar to the horse as we know it today. It was the

descendant of this horse that was brought by the European colonists to
the Americas.
Би

40. Both the hipparion and the anchitheres

(A) were the size of a modern pony
(B) were native to North America
(C) migrated to Europe in the Pliocene Period
(D) had unspecialized teeth
41. According to this passage, the hipparions were
(A) five-toed animals
(B) not as highly developed as the anchitheres
(C) larger than the anchitheres
(D) about the size of a small dog
 42. The author suggests that the hipparion and the anchitheres migrated
to Europe
(A) by means of a land route which is now nonexistent
(B) on the ships of European colonists
(C) because of a very cold climate in North America
(D) during the Miocene Period
43. This passage is mainly about
(A) the evolution of the horse
(B) the migration of horses
(C) the modern-day pony

Р
(D) the replacement of the anchitheres by the hipparion

УИ
44. It can be concluded from this passage that the
(A) Miocene Period was prior to the Pliocene
(B) Pleistocene Period was prior to the Miocene
(C) Pleistocene Period was prior to the Pliocene

БГ
(D) Pliocene Period was prior to the Miocene
Questions 45-49 refer to the following instructions:
DOSAGE: Adults twelve years old and over take two teaspoonfuls
as needed, not to exceed fifteen teaspoonfuls per day. Children six
а
years old to twelve years old take half of the adult dosage, not to
ек

exceed seven teaspoonfuls per day.

WARNING: Do not exceed the recommended dosage unless
directed by a physician. Do not administer to children under six years
т

old or to individuals with high blood pressure, heart disease, or

diabetes. This preparation may cause drowsiness. Do not drive or
operate machinery while taking this medication. Chronic cough is
ио

dangerous. If relief does not occur within three days, discontinue use
and consult your physician.
бл

45. According to the directions, which of the following people should take
the medication described?
(A) Someone with high blood pressure or heart disease
Би

(B) Someone with diabetes

(C) Someone under six years old
(D) Someone who has a cough

46. One of the side effects of taking this medicine is that of

(A) feeling sleepy (C) high blood pressure
(B) coughing (D) addiction

47. A ten-year-old child should

(A) not take this preparation
(B) take two teaspoonfuls of this preparation
 (C) take one teaspoonful of this preparation
(D) take one-half teaspoonful of this preparation

48. If this medication does not help within three days, one should
(A) take fifteen teaspoonfuls on the fourth day
(B) stop driving and operating machinery
(C) stop taking it and see a doctor
(D) take half of the usual dosage
49. According to the instructions on the label of this medicine, for
purposes of dosage an adult is a person

Р
(A) six years old (C) twelve years old
(B) seven years old (D) none of the above

УИ
Questions 50-52 refer to the following sentence:
A new federal survey of no-fault automobile insurance plans in
sixteen states has concluded that no-fault provides quicker, more

БГ
equitable benefits than does the traditional insurance system.
50. In no-fault plans, benefits are
(A) slower than in the traditional system
(B) the same as in the traditional system
а
(C) fairer than in the traditional system
ек

(D) more expensive than in the traditional system

51. It may be concluded that
(A) at least sixteen states have adopted no-fault insurance plans
т

(B) the results of the survey will discourage the adoption of no-fault
plans
ио

(C) the traditional system does not provide for automobile accidents
(D) the survey was conducted by one of the states with a no-fault plan
52. No-fault insurance probably
бл

(A) does not blame anyone for the accident

(B) blames both parties involved for the accident
(C) provides for a judge to decide the blame
Би

(D) will not pay benefits unless one of the parties involved will accept
the blame
Questions 53-55 refer to the following directory:
USEFUL TELEPHONE NUMBERS
Campus Information ………………….…………………..886-2791
Health Center …………………………….……………….886-3499
Housing Office …………………………………………….886-1265
International Office ………………………………………..886-5835
Police ……………………………………………………….886-6666
Residence Halls ………………...…………………………886-9210
 53. Which number would one call in order to make an appointment with a
doctor?
(A) 886-2791 (C) 886-9210
(B) 886-5835 (D) 886-3499
54. Which number would one call in order to obtain a telephone number
not listed in the directory?
(A) 886-1265 (C) 886-6666
(B) 886-2791 (D) 886-9210
55. It is likely that all telephone numbers on the university campus
(A) are listed in the directory

Р
(B) have an 886 exchange

УИ
(C) are long-distance numbers
(D) have five digits
Questions 56-60. For each of these questions, choose the answer that is
closest in meaning to the original sentence. Note that several of the

БГ
choices may be factually correct, but you should choose the one that is
the closest restatement of the given sentence.
56. Had the announcement been made earlier, more people would have
а
attended the lecture.
(A) Not many people came to hear the lecture because it was held so
ек

late.
(B) The lecture was held earlier so that more people would attend.
(C) Fewer people attended the lecture because of the early
т

announcement.
(D) Since the announcement was not made earlier, fewer people
ио

came to hear the lecture.

57. After she had already signed a year’s lease, she found another
apartment that she liked much better.
бл

(A) Having already signed a year’s lease for her apartment, she found
another one more to her liking.
(B) She signed a year’s lease for her apartment because she liked it.
Би

(C) Although she did not like her apartment, she still signed a year’s
lease.
(D) When she found an apartment that she liked better, she signed a
year’s lease for it.
58. Less is known about the cause of the common cold than about the
causes of many more serious diseases.
(A) The causes of less serious diseases than the common cold are
better known than it is.
(B) We know less than we should about the causes of the cold and
more serious diseases.
 (C) We know less about the cause of the common cold than we do
about the causes of more serious diseases.
(D) The cause of the common cold is better know than the causes of
more serious diseases.
59. Federal funds will not be made available unless the governor
declares a state of emergency.
(A) There is a state of emergency because the governor has not
received any federal funds.
(B) Since no federal funds are available, the governor will have to
declare a state of emergency.

Р
(C) If the governor declares a state of emergency, federal funds will
be made available.

УИ
(D) The governor will make federal funds available during a state of
emergency.
60. Not taking a difficult exam is worse than failing it.

БГ
(A) If one is going to fail a difficult exam, it is better not to take it.
(B) To fail a difficult exam is worse than to not take it.
(C) It is better to fail a difficult exam than not to take it at all.
(D) Because the exam is difficult, it is better not to take it.
а
TEST 3
ек

Part A
Choose the correct answer.
т

1. Although he is recognized as one of the most brilliant scientists in his

field, Professor White cannot seem to make his ideas understood in
class.
ио

(A) get his ideas down (C) summarize his ideas

(B) recall his ideas (D) get his ideas across
бл

2. If one aids and abets a criminal, he is also considered guilty of the

crime.
(A) suspicious (C) culpable
Би

(B) daring (D) ruthless

3. Many doctors are still general practitioners, but the tendency is
toward specialization in medicine.
(A) rumor (C) prejudice
(B) trend (D) security
4. The rock music made popular by the Beatles has been modified over
the past two decades.
(A) improved (C) discovered
(B) changed (D) remembered
 5. Even though the evidence is overwhelming, if one juror is still
skeptical, the case must be retried.
(A) not present (C) not convinced
(B) not surprised (D) not worried
6. Prior to his appointment as secretary of state, Henry Kissinger was a
professor of government and international affairs at Harvard.
(A) After (C) During
(B) Before (D) Instead of
7. Contractors hire surveyors to mark the limits of the property before
they begin construction.

Р
(A) basements (C) boundaries

УИ
(B) expenses (D) supplies
8. In the famous nursery rhyme about Jack and Jill, Jill tumbled down
the hill after Jack.
(A) called (C) ran

БГ
(B) fell (D) flew
9. When Pope John Paul visited Latin America, he often signalled for
the children to come to him.
а
(A) denied (C) beckoned
(B) adored (D) allowed
ек

10. Sometimes, while living in a foreign country, one craves a special

dish from home.
т

(A) desires (C) prepares

(B) eats (D) looks for
ио

11. Lindbergh’s first nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean was an act
of great daring and courage.
(A) a narrative (C) an attempt
бл

(B) a feat (D) a conspiracy

12. The system of Daylight Saving Time seems very silly until one
Би

understands why it is done.

(A) clever (C) foolish
(B) unusual (D) prudent

13. A balance of international payment refers to the net result of the

business which a nation carries on with other nations in a given
period.
(A) cancels (C) transacts
(B) appropriates (D) mediates
14. The representatives of the company seemed very callous concerning
the conditions of the workers.
(A) liberal (C) responsible
(B) ignorant (D) insensitive
15. The ultimate cause of the Civil War was the bombardment of Fort
Sumter.
(A) final (C) true
(B) only (D) simple
16. Phosphorus is used in paints for highway signs and markers because
it is bright at night.

Р
(A) luminous (C) adequate

УИ
(B) harmless (D) attractive
17. Chemicals are used to retard the growth of ornamental trees.
(A) initiate (C) benefit
(B) stunt (D) alter

(B) look like

БГ
18. Some stretches of Florida resemble West Africa.
(A) deal with (C) allow immigration from
(D) restrict trade with
а
19. The Supreme Court has a reputation for being just.
ек

(A) stubborn (C) humorous

(B) impartial (D) capricious
20. To look quickly through a book is an important study skill.
т

(A) skim (C) outline

(B) summarize (D) paraphrase
ио

21. Einstein’s theory of relativity seemed incredible at the time that he

first introduced it.
(A) unbelievable (C) brilliant
бл

(B) complicated (D) famous

22. Congress was hesitant to repeal the Prohibition Act.
Би

(A) willing (C) reluctant

(B) urged (D) supposed
23. The president is often awakened by a noisy crowd which assembles
on the White House lawn to protest his policies.
(A) jocular (C) gigantic
(B) clamorous (D) capricious
24. Some of the gangs that terrorized Chicago in the 1920s did not have
the propriety to keep their activities off the streets.
(A) decency (C) resources
(B) ability (D) courage
 25. After an unhappy love affair, Emily Dickinson lived like a person apart
from society, shut away in her family home in Amherst,
Massachusetts.
(A) a heroine (C) a recluse
(B) a beggar (D) an invalid
26. Legislators are considering whether the drug laws for possession of
marijuana are too severe.
(A) vague (C) diverse
(B) harsh (D) covert
27. The Revolutionary forces had to muster up enough men to oppose

Р
the British army.

УИ
(A) finance (C) convince
(B) disguise (D) gather
28. The Boy Scouts usually sell apple juice in the fall in order to earn
money for their activities.

БГ
(A) punch (C) cider
(B) ale (D) soda
29. Since none of the polls had predicted the winner, everyone was
а
surprised by the results of the election.
(A) astounded (C) encouraged
ек

(B) delighted (D) perturbed

30. The perpetual motion of the earth as it turns on its axis creates the
т

change of seasons.
(A) ancient (C) leisurely
(B) rhythmic (D) constant
ио

Part B
бл

Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is

stated or implied in that passage.
Би

Questions 31-34 refer to the following passage:

In 1807 Noah Webster began his greatest work, An American
Dictionary of the English Language. In preparing the manuscript, he
devoted ten years to the study of English and relationship to other
languages, and seven more years to the writing itself. Published in two
volumes in 1828, An American Dictionary of the English language has
become the recognized authority for usage in the United States.
Webster’s purpose in writing it was to demonstrate that the American
language was developing distinct meanings, pronunciations, and
spellings from those of British English. He is responsible for advancing
simplified spelling forms: develop instead of the British form develope;
theater and center instead of theatre and centre; color and honor instead
of colour and honour.

31. When was An American Dictionary of the English Language

published?
(A) 1817 (C) 1828
(B) 1807 (D) 1824

32. According to this passage, which one of the following spellings would
Webster have approved in his dictionaries?
(A) Develope (C) Color

Р
(B) Theatre (D) Honour

УИ
33. According to the author, Webster’s purpose in writing An American
Dictionary of the English Language was to
(A) respond to the need for new schoolbooks
(B) demonstrate the distinct development of the English language in
America

БГ
(C) promote spelling forms based upon British models
(D) influence the pronunciation of the English language
а
34. In how many volumes was An American Dictionary of the English
ек

Language published?
(A) One volume (C) Three volumes
(B) Two volumes (D) Four volumes
т

Questions 35-37 refer to the following advertisement:

Now available at Franklin Park one block from Indiana University. New
ио

unfurnished apartments. One bedroom at $235, two bedrooms at

$255, three bedrooms at $270 per month. Utilities included except
electricity. Children and pets welcome. One month’s deposit required.
бл

Office open Monday through Saturday nine to five. Call 999-7415 for
an evening or Sunday appointment.
Би

35. According to this ad, a one-bedroom apartment would require a

deposit of
(A) $370 (C) $255
(B) $270 (D) $235

36. From this ad we can assume that

(A) the apartments are far from Indiana University
(B) the apartments have furniture in them
(C) gas and water bills are included in the rent
(D) cats and dogs are not permitted in the apartments
 37. The ad implies that interested persons must
(A) see the apartments on Monday or Saturday
(B) call for an appointment if they want to see the apartments from
nine to five Monday through Saturday
(C) call for an appointment if they want to see the apartments on
Sunday or in the evening
(D) see the apartments before five o’clock any day
Questions 38-40 refer to the following sentence:
Tremors are not unusual along the San Andreas Fault which
originates about six hundred miles from the Gulf of California and runs

Р
north in an irregular line along the west coast.

УИ
38. Along the San Andreas Fault, tremors are
(A) small and insignificant (C) frequent events
(B) rare, but disastrous (D) very unpredictable
39. The San Andreas Fault is probably

БГ
(A) straight (C) wide
(B) deep (D) rough
40. The fault lies
а
(A) east of the Gulf of California
(B) west of the Gulf of California
ек

(C) north of the Gulf of California

(D) south of the Gulf of California
т

Questions 41-46 refer to the following passage:

Features of the mouth parts are very helpful in classifying the many
kinds of insects. A majority of insects have biting mouth parts or
ио

mandibles as in grasshoppers and beetles. Behind the mandibles are the

maxillae which serve to direct food into the mouth between the jaws. A
labrum above and a labium below are similar to an upper and lower lip. In
бл

insects with sucking mouth parts, the mandibles, maxillae, labrum and
labium are modified to provide a tube through which liquid can be drawn.
In a butterfly or moth the coiled drinking tube is called the proboscis.
Би

Composed chiefly of modified maxillae fitted together, the proboscis can

be extended to reach nectar deep in a flower. In a mosquito or an aphid,
mandibles and maxillae are modified to sharp stylets with which the insect
can drill through surfaces to reach juice. In a housefly, the expanding
labium forms a spongelike mouth pad used to stamp over the surface of
food.
41. It may be concluded that the purpose of this passage is to
(A) complain (C) entertain
(B) persuade (D) inform
42. Insects are classified by
(A) the environment in which they live
(B) the food they eat
(C) the structure of the mouth
(D) the number and type of wings
43. The proboscis is
(A) a nectar
(B) a tube constructed of modified maxillae
(C) a kind of butterfly
(D) a kind of flower

Р
44. The author compares labrum and labium with

УИ
(A) an upper and lower lip (C) maxillae
(B) mandibles (D) jaws
45. Which of the following have mandibles and maxillae that have been
modified to sharp stylets?

БГ
(A) Grasshoppers (C) Mosquitoes
(B) Butterflies (D) Houseflies
46. The purpose of the maxillae is to
а
(A) bite or sting
(B) drill through surfaces to find nourishment
ек

(C) put food between the jaws

(D) soak up nourishment like a sponge
т

Questions 47-48 refer to the following passage:

All problems in interest may be solved by use of one general
equation which may be stated as follows:
ио

Interest = Principal X Rate X Time

Any one of the four quantities, that is, interest, principal, rate or time,
may be found when the other three are known. The time is expressed in
бл

years. The rate is expressed as a decimal fraction. Thus, 6 percent

interest means six cents charged for the use of $1 of principal borrowed
for one year.
Би

47. At 4 percent interest for the use of $1 principal, one would pay
(A) six cents per year
(B) twenty-five cents per year
(C) four cents per year
(D) one cent per year
48. Which of the following would be a correct expression of an interest
rate as stated in the equation for computing interest?
(A) Four (C) 4
(B) .04 (D) 4/100
 Questions 49-51 refer to the following sentence:
The protozoans, minute, aquatic creatures, each of which consists of
a single cell protoplasm, constitute the most primitive forms of animal life.

49. Protozoans probably live in

(A) water (C) grass
(B) sand (D) wood

50. According to the author, protozoans

(A) are very old forms of life
(B) have large cells

Р
(C) are not classified as animals
(D) live for only a short time

УИ
51. Protoplazm is
(A) a class of protozoan
(B) the substance which forms the cell of a protozoan

БГ
(C) a primitive animal similar to a protozoan
(D) an animal which developed from a protozoan

Questions 52-55 refer to the following instructions:

а
Take two tablets with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours,
ек

as required. For maximum nighttime and early morning relief, take two
tablets at bedtime. Do not exceed six tablets in twenty-four hours.
For children six to twelve years old, give half the adult dosage. For
т

children under six years old, consult your physician.

Reduce dosage if nervousness, restlessness, or sleeplessness
occurs.
ио

52. The label on this medicine bottle clearly warns not to take more than
(A) twenty-four tablets a day
бл

(B) eight tablets a day

(C) six tablets a day
(D) three tablets a day
Би

53. We can infer by this label that

(A) the medicine could cause some people to feel nervous
(B) children may take the same dosage that adults take
(C) one may not take this medicine before going to bed
(D) the medication is a liquid
54. If one cannot sleep, it is suggested that he should
(A) take two tablets before going to bed
(B) take less than two tablets before going to bed
(C) stop taking the medicine
(D) consult a doctor
55. Evidently the medicine
(A) may be dangerous for small children
(B) cannot be taken by children under twelve years old
(C) may be taken by children but not by adults
(D) may be taken by adults but not by children
Questions 56-60. For each of these questions, choose the answer that is
closest in meaning to the original sentence. Note that several of the
choices may be factually correct, but you should choose the one that is
the closest restatement of the given sentence.
56. More money was allocated for industrial research than for any other

Р
item in this year’s budget

УИ
(A) This year we allocated more money for the other items in the
budget than for industrial research.
(B) All of the items in the budget were allocated more money this
year.

БГ
(C) We allocated more money for industrial research than we did for
the other items in the budget this year.
(D) The allocation of less money for research than for industrial items
occurred in this year’s budget.
а
57. While attempting to smuggle drugs into the country, the criminals
ек

were apprehended by customs officials.

(A) Attempting to smuggle drugs into the country, customs officials
apprehended the criminals.
т

(B) Criminals who were attempting to smuggle drugs into the country
apprehended customs officials.
ио

(C) Customs officials apprehended the criminals who were attempting

to smuggle drugs into the country.
(D) Smuggling drugs into the country, customs officials attempted to
apprehend the criminals.
бл

58. George told his adviser that he is not interested in taking theoretical
courses.
Би

(A) George told his adviser that theoretical courses are not interesting
to him.
(B) George’s adviser is not interested in his taking theoretical
courses.
(C) Theoretical courses are not interesting to George’s adviser.
(D) George told his adviser to take theoretical courses.
59. It is not whether you win or lose, but how you play the game that is
important.
(A) Winning is more important than losing when you play the game.
(B) Winning is less important than playing the game well.
 (C) If you know how to play the game, you will win it.
(D) Playing the game well and winning it is important.

60. Not one of the 215 passengers about the Boeing 747 was injured in
the crash.
(A) All but one of the 215 passengers aboard the Boeing 747 were
injured in the crash.
(B) Of the 215 passengers aboard the Boeing 747, only one was
injured in the crash.
(C) None of the 215 passengers aboard the Boeing 747 was injured
in the crash.

Р
(D) Since the Boeing 747 did not crash, none of the 215 passengers
was injured.

УИ
TEST 4

Part A

1.
Choose the correct answer.
БГ
The fort now known as Fort McHenry was built prior to the War of
1812 to guard Baltimore harbor.
а
(A) mansion (C) tower
ек

(B) garrison (D) museum

2. The graduate committee must be in full accord in their approval of a

т

dissertation.
(A) indecisive (C) vocal
(B) unanimous (D) sullen
ио

3. Americans have been criticized for placing too much emphasis on

being on time.
бл

(A) importance (C) bother

(B) activity (D) assistance
4. Architects must consider whether their designs are likely to be very
Би

wet in sudden downpours.

(A) vulnerable (C) secure
(B) drenched (D) exposed
5. A good auditorium will assure that the sound is able to be heard.
(A) superior (C) audible
(B) genuine (D) contained
6. Arson is suspected of the fire that razed the Grand Hotel.
(A) threatened (C) included
(B) destroyed (D) spared
7. In the play The Devil and Daniel Webster, the retorts attributed to
Webster may be more fiction than history.
(A) replies (C) behavior
(B) advice (D) possessions

8. It was necessary to divide the movie Roots into five parts in order to
show it on television.
(A) adapt (C) segment
(B) abridge (D) transact

9. In his biography, Tomas Hardy is described as a very industrious

Р
writer.
(A) sensible (C) diligent

УИ
(B) pessimistic (D) successful

10. Variations in the color of sea water from blue to green seem to be
caused by high or low concentrations of salt.
(A) Changes
(B) Descriptions
БГ
(C) Measures
(D) Clarity

11. What may be considered courteous in one culture may be interpreted

а
as arrogant in another.
ек

(A) clumsy (C) surly

(B) sleazy (D) flimsy
т

12. A clever politician will take advantage of every speaking engagement

to campaign for the next election.
(A) rash (C) crude
ио

(B) intrepid (D) shrewd

13. In order to be issued a passport, one must either present legal

бл

documents or call a witness to give evidence concerning one’s

identity.
(A) testify (C) falsify
Би

(B) investigate (D) evaluate

14. Home buyers are proceeding cautiously because of the high interest
rates.
(A) hastily (C) warily
(B) occasionally (D) deliberately

15. Due to the efforts of conservationists and environmentalists, few

people are unaware of the problems of endangered species.
(A) obstinate about (C) indifferent to
(B) ignorant (D) adjacent to
 16. Shelley’s famous poem “To a Skylark” praises the bird for its carefree
spirit.
(A) keen (C) blithe
(B) harsh (D) gauche

17. The development of general anesthetics has allowed doctors to

operate without the pain once associated with surgery.
(A) fear (C) rage
(B) protest (D) anguish

18. Severe snowstorms cause power failures in the Northeast every

Р
winter.
(A) Tornadoes (C) Blizzards

УИ
(B) Hurricanes (D) Earthquakes

19. The law officers in many early Western settlements had to maintain
order by means of their guns.
(A) priests
(B) marshals
БГ(C) physicians
(D) merchants

20. By law, when one makes a large purchase, he must have an

а
adequate opportunity to change his mind.
ек

(A) an ample (C) an informal

(B) a belated (D) a gracious
т

21. A cut in the budget put 10 percent of the state employees’ jobs in
jeopardy.
(A) range (C) perspective
ио

(B) review (D) danger

22. When baseball players became impatient with their contracts, they
бл

went on strike, causing most of the 1981 season to be lost.

(A) alarmed (C) exasperated
(B) enthusiastic (D) organized
Би

23. In the past, energy sources were thought to be boundless.

(A) without limits (C) natural
(B) inexpensive (D) solar

24. It will be necessary for the doctor to widen the pupils of your eyes
with some drops in order to examine them.
(A) massage (C) dilate
(B) treat (D) soothe
25. Several theories of evolution had historically preceded that of
Charles Darwin although he expounded upon the stages of
development.
(A) found fault with (C) outlined briefly
(B) explained in detail (D) offered in published form
26. Cruel treatment of inmates instigated a riot in one of the Indiana
prisons.
(A) Tolerant (C) Brutal
(B) Reliable (D) Dubious
27. A laser beam is used to penetrate even the hardest substances.

Р
(A) light up (C) identify
(B) repair (D) pass through

УИ
28. Ralph Nader always speaks out about everything.
(A) declares his opinion (C) quarrels
(B) agrees (D) has an interest

(A) argue
(B) predict
БГ
29. If the teams were not so evenly matched, it would be easier to foretell
the outcome of the Superbowl.
(C) discuss
(D) influence
а
30. Keep two pencils handy while taking the examination.
ек

(A) extra (C) near

(B) secret (D) sharp
т

Part B
Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is
ио

stated or implied in that passage.

Questions 31-34 refer to the following passage:
бл

Precipitation, commonly referred to as rainfall, is a measure of the

quantity of water in the form of either rain, hail, or snow which reaches the
ground. The average annual precipitation over the whole of the United
States is thirty-six inches. Is should be understood however, that a foot of
Би

snow is not equal to a foot precipitation. A general formula for computing

the precipitation of snowfall is that thirty-eight inches of snow is equal to
one inch of precipitation. In New York State, for example, seventy-six
inches of snow in one year would be recorded as only two inches of
precipitation. Forty inches of rain would be recorded as forty inches of
precipitation. The total annual precipitation would be recorded as forty-
two inches.
31. The term precipitation includes
(A) only rainfall (C) rain, snow, and humidity
(B) rain, hail, and snow (D) rain, hail, and humidity
 32. What is the average annual rainfall in inches in the United States?
(A) Thirty-six inches (C) Forty inches
(B) Thirty-eight inches (D) Forty-two inches

33. If a state has 152 inches of snow in a year, by how much does this
increase the annual precipitation?
(A) By two feet (C) By four feet
(B) By four inches (D) By 152 inches

34. Another word which is often used in place of precipitation is

(A) humidity (C) rainfall

Р
(B) wetness (D) rain-snow

УИ
Questions 35-38 refer to the following passage:
Courses with the numbers 800 or above are open only to graduate
students. Certain courses, generally those devoted to introduce material,
are numbered 400 for undergraduate students and 600 for graduate

БГ
students. Courses designed for students seeking a professional degree
carry a 500 number for undergraduate students and a 700 number for
graduate students.
A full-time graduate student is expected to take courses which total
а
ten to sixteen credit hours. Students holding assistantships are expected
ек

to enroll for proportionately fewer hours. A part-time graduate student

must register for a minimum of five credit hours.
т

35. In order to be eligible to enroll in Mechanical Engineering 850, a

student must be
(A) a graduate student (C) a full-time student
ио

(B) a part-time student (D) an undergraduate student

36. If an undergraduate student uses the number 520 to register for an

бл

accounting course, what number would a graduate student probably

use to register for the same course?
(A) Accounting 520 (C) Accounting 720
Би

(B) Accounting 620 (D) Accounting 820

37. A student who registers for eight credit hours is a

(A) full-time student (C) part-time student
(B) graduate student (D) non-degree student

38. A graduate student may NOT

(A) enroll in a course numbered 610
(B) register for only one three-hour course
(C) register for courses if he has an assistantship
(D) enroll in an introductory course
Questions 39-41 refer to the following magazine index:
INDEX
Cover Story ………………………… 3-13
Economy and Business …………. 25-31
Editorial ……………………………….. 56
Entertainment …………………….. 41-46
National News ……………………. 14-24
Sports ……………………………... 47-55
World News ……………………….. 32-40
39. On which of the pages of the magazine would one probably find a list

Р
of the current trading prices of stocks and bonds?
(A) 25-31 (C) 47-55

УИ
(B) 14-24 (D) 41-46
40. Which of the following pages would most likely contain a story about
the production of a new movie?

БГ
(A) 56 (C) 32
(B) 46 (D) 54
41. In which section would one find a statement of opinion by the
publishers of the magazine?
а
(A) Cover Story (C) Editorial
ек

(B) National News (D) Entertainment

Questions 42-44 refer to the following passage:
When the Civil War ended in 1865, the Fourteenth and Fifteenth
т

Amendments to the Constitution adopted in 1868 and 1870 granted

citizenship and suffrage to blacks but not to women. In 1869 the Wyoming
ио

Territory had yielded to demands by feminists, but eastern states resisted

more stubbornly than before. A women’s suffrage bill had been presented
to every Congress since 1878 but continually failed to pass until 1920
бл

when the Nineteenth Amendment granted women the right to vote.

42. Women were allowed to vote
(A) after 1866 (C) after 1878
Би

(B) after 1870 (D) after 1920

43. The Nineteenth Amendment is concerned with
(A) voting rights for blacks (C) voting rights for women
(B) citizenship for blacks (D) citizenship for women
44. What had occurred shortly after the Civil War?
(A) The Wyoming Territory was admitted to the Union
(B) A women’s suffrage bill was introduced in Congress
(C) The eastern states resisted the end of the war
(D) Black people were granted the right to vote
 Questions 45-48 refer to the following passage:
Although nearly five hundred species of Acacia have been identified,
only about a dozen of the three hundred Australian varieties grow well in
the southern United States, and of these, only three are flowering. The
Bailey Acacia has fernlike silver leaves and small, fragrant flowers
arranged in rounded clusters. The Silver Wattle, although very similar to
the Bailey Acacia, grows twice as high. The Sydney Golden Wattle is
squat and bushy with broad, flat leaves. Another variety, the Black Acacia
or Blackwood, has dark green leaves and unobtrusive blossoms. Besides
being a popular tree for ornamental purposes, the Black Acacia is
valuable for its dark wood which is used in making cabinets and furniture.

Р
45. Which of the following Acacias has the least colorful blossoms?

УИ
(A) Bailey Acacia (C) Silver Wattle
(B) Sydney Golden Wattle (D) Black Acacia

46. According to this passage, the Silver Wattle

(A) is squat and bushy
(B) has unobtrusive blossoms
БГ
(C) is taller than the Bailey Acacia
(D) is used for making furniture
а
ек

47. How many species of Acacia grow well in the southern United
States?
(A) Five hundred (C) Twelve
т

(B) Three hundred (D) Three

48. Which of the following would most probably be made from a Black
ио

Acacia tree?
(A) A flower arrangement (C) A pie
(B) A table (D) Paper
бл

Questions 49-52 refer to the following instructions:

For quick relief of upset stomach or acid indigestion caused from too
Би

much to eat or drink, drop two tablets in an eight-ounce glass of water.

Make sure that the tablets have dissolved completely before drinking the
preparation.
Repeat in six hours for maximum relief. Do not take more than four
tablets in a twenty-four-hour period.
Each tablet contains aspirin, sodium bicarbonate, and citric acid. If
you are on a sodium-restricted diet, do not take this medication except
under the advice and supervision of your doctor.
Not recommended for children under twelve years old or adults over
sixty-five.
49. This medication is recommended for
(A) someone who needs more sodium in his diet
(B) someone who does not eat enough citrus fruit
(C) someone who has eaten too much
(D) someone who has a headache
50. According to the directions, which of the following persons should
NOT take this medication?
(A) A thirteen-year-old boy (C) A sixteen-year-old girl
(B) A fifty-year-old woman (D) A sixty-eight-year-old man
51. If you took this preparation one hour ago, how many hours must you

Р
wait in order to take it again?

УИ
(A) Two hours (C) Five hours
(B) Three hours (D) Twenty-four hours
52. What should you do with preparation?
(A) Drink it (C) Rub it on

БГ
(B) Eat it (D) Gargle with it
Questions 53-55 refer to the following sentence:
In 1626, Peter Minuit, governor of the Dutch settlements in North
а
America known as New Amsterdam, negotiated with Indian chiefs for the
purchase of Manhattan Island for merchandise valued at sixty guilders or
ек

about $24.12, an investment that was worth more than seven billion
dollars three centuries later.
т

53. In exchange for their island, the Indians received

(A) sixty Dutch guilders (C) goods and supplies
(B) $24.12 U.S. (D) land in New Amsterdam
ио

54. New Amsterdam was located

(A) in Holland (C) on the island of Manhattan
бл

(B) in North America (D) in India

55. On what date was Manhattan valued at seven billion dollars?
(A) 1626 (C) 1656
Би

(B) 1726 (D) 1926

Questions 56-60. For each of these questions, choose the answer that is
closest in meaning to the original sentence. Note that several of the
choices may be factually correct, but you should choose the one that is
the closest restatement of the given sentence.
56. You would have won the essay contest if you had typed your paper.
(A) You did not win the essay contest even though you typed your
paper.
 (B) You did not win the essay contest because you did not type your
paper.
(C) You won the essay contest in spite of not typing your paper.
(D) Typing your paper made you win the essay contest.
57. Ridding plants of mildew or blight is usually more difficult than
controlling insects and pests.
(A) Because insects are pests, it is more difficult to control them than
to rid plants of mildew or blight.
(B) Mildew or blight is easier to control than insects and pests.
(C) It is easier to control insects and pests than it is to rid plants of

Р
mildew or blight.
(D) Controlling insects and pests is more difficult then ridding plants

УИ
of mildew or blight.
58. In spite of the rain, the Fourth of July fireworks display was not
cancelled.

БГ
(A) The Fourth of July fireworks display was not held because it
rained.
(B) Rain caused the cancellation to the Fourth of July fireworks
display.
(C) The Fourth of July fireworks display was held because it did not
а
rain.
ек

(D) Although it rained, the Fourth of July fireworks display was held.
59. As a conductor of heat and electricity, aluminum exceeds all metals
т

except silver, copper, and gold.

(A) With the exception of aluminum, silver, copper, and gold are
better than any other metal as conductors of heat and electricity.
ио

(B) Aluminum is a better conductor of heat and electricity than silver,

cooper, and gold.
(C) Silver, copper, and gold are better conductors of heat and
бл

electricity than aluminum is.

(D) Silver, copper, and gold are exceeded only by aluminum as
conductors of heat and electricity.
Би

60. It is unlikely that the results of the elections will be made public
before tomorrow morning.
(A) Tomorrow morning is probably the earliest that anyone will know
the results of the elections.
(B) Before tomorrow morning we will probably know the results of the
elections.
(C) The results of the elections will most likely be made known before
tomorrow morning.
(D) We will probably not be told the results of the elections tomorrow
morning.
 TEST 5
Part A
Choose the correct answer.
1. Unorganized guessing will probably not raise a test score as
significantly as choosing one letter as a “guess answer” for the entire
examination.
(A) Cryptic (C) Economical
(B) Haphazard (D) Subsequent
2. The thief was apprehended, but his accomplice had disappeared.

Р
(A) people who saw him (C) person who helped him
(B) guns and knives (D) stolen goods

УИ
3. Electrical energy may be divided into two components specified as
positive and negative.
(A) confused (C) accumulated

БГ
(B) designated (D) separated
4. Owners should be sure that their insurance will replace all of their
merchandise.
(A) Proprietors (C) Benefactors
а
(B) Tutors (D) Debtors
ек

5. The Mona Lisa is the portrait of a woman with a very enticing smile.
(A) oblivious (C) alluring
т

(B) luminous (D) elusive

6. When one is unfamiliar with the customs, it is easy to make a
ио

blunder.
(A) a commitment (C) an enemy
(B) a mistake (D) an injury
бл

7. A vacant apartment in New York City is very difficult to find.

(A) good (C) empty
(B) large (D) clean
Би

8. Astronomy provides the knowledge necessary for correct

timekeeping, navigation, surveying, and mapmaking.
(A) meticulous (C) accurate
(B) incessant (D) ancient
9. In several states, the people may recommend a law to the legislature
by signing a request.
(A) compromise (C) budget
(B) manuscript (D) petition
 10. In a search to further his knowledge of the unknown, man has
explored the earth, the sea, and now, outer space.
(A) quest (C) fantasy
(B) colloquy (D) documentary
11. Because tornadoes are more prevalent in the middle states, the area
from Minnesota to Texas is called Tornado Alley.
(A) severe (C) short-lived
(B) widespread (D) feared
12. One must live in the United States five years in order to apply for
citizenship.

Р
(A) reside in (C) invade

УИ
(B) accommodate to (D) abandon
13. Regan seemed sure that he would win the election.
(A) eager (C) confident
(B) hopeful (D) resigned

Broadway are very funny.

(A) incongruous
БГ
14. Even though the critics are not enthusiastic, some of the plays off

(C) illustrious
а
(B) anomalous (D) hilarious
ек

15. Ethnocentrism prevents us from putting up with all of the customs we

encounter in another culture.
(A) experiencing (C) comprehending
т

(B) adopting (D) tolerating

16. For your safety and the safety of others, always pay attention to
ио

traffic signals.
(A) overlook (C) glance at
(B) heed (D) repair
бл

17. Neon is an element which does not combine readily with any other
element; because of this property, it is called an inactive element.
(A) inert (C) explicit
Би

(B) adjacent (D) obsolete

18. Attending a church, temple, or mosque is one way to make
agreeable friends.
(A) enduring (C) elderly
(B) congenial (D) numerous
19. Because the Amtrak system is so old, the trains always start
suddenly.
(A) with ease (C) with a jerk
(B) with a thump (D) with effort
20. In order to enjoy fine wine, one should drink it slowly, a little at a time.
(A) stir it (C) spill it
(B) sniff it (D) sip it

21. Unless the agreement contains a provision for a United Nations

peace-keeping force to patrol the borders, the General Assembly is
not likely to ratify it.
(A) proposal (C) concord
(B) document (D) release
22. When Joan of Arc described her vision, her voice did not hesitate.

Р
(A) amplify (C) dissolve
(B) falter (D) mumble

УИ
23. The cost of living in the United States has risen at a rate of 6 percent
per year during the last ten-year-period.
(A) tenth (C) decade

БГ
(B) century (D) quarter
24. Primary education in the U.S. is compulsory.
(A) free of charge (C) excellent
(B) required (D) easy
а
25. During the Great Depression, there were many wanderers who
ек

travelled on the railroad and camped along the tracks.

(A) vagabonds (C) zealots
(B) tyros (D) veterans
т

26. The Civil War in 1863 cut the United States into two nations – a
southern Confederacy and a northern Union.
ио

(A) severed (C) integrated

(B) acknowledged (D) alienated
бл

27. The National Institute of Mental Health is conducting far-reaching

research to determine the psychological effects of using drugs.
(A) extensive (C) refined
Би

(B) prevalent (D) tentative

28. In American football, the coach may shout to the captain to call time
out.
(A) yelp (C) bellow
(B) growl (D) flounder
29. A monument was erected in memory of those who died in the
disaster at Johnstown, Pennsylvania.
(A) prison (C) cataclysm
(B) skirmish (D) frontier
 30. Martin Luther King detested injustice.
(A) recognized (C) suffered
(B) confronted (D) abhorred

Part B

Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is

stated or implied in that passage.

Questions 31-35 refer to the following passage:

The general principles of dynamics are rules which demonstrate a

Р
relationship between the motions of bodies and the forces which produce
those motions. Based in large part on the work of his predecessors, Sir

УИ
Isaac Newton deduced three laws of dynamics which he published in
1687 in his famous Principia.
Prior to Newton, Aristotle had established that the natural state of a
body was a state of rest, and that unless a force acted upon it to maintain

БГ
motion, a moving body would come to rest. Galileo had succeeded in
correctly describing the behavior of falling objects and in recording that no
force was required to maintain a body in motion. He noted that the effect
of force was to change motion. Huygens recognized that a change in the
а
direction of motion involved acceleration, just as did a change in speed,
ек

and further, that the action of a force was required. Kepler deduced the
laws describing the motion of planets around the sun. It was primarily
from Galileo and Kepler that Newton borrowed.
т

31. Which of the following scientists established that the natural state of
a body was a state of rest?
ио

(A) Galileo (C) Aristotle

(B) Kepler (D) Newton
32. Huygen stated that acceleration was required
бл

(A) for either a change in direction or a change in speed

(B) only for a change in speed
(C) only for a change in direction
Би

(D) neither for a change in direction nor for a change in speed

33. The first scientist to correctly describe the behavior of falling objects
was
(A) Aristotle (C) Kepler
(B) Newton (D) Galileo

34. According to this passage, Newton based his laws primarily upon the
work of
(A) Galileo and Copernicus (C) Huygens and Kepler
(B) Ptolemy and Copernicus (D) Galileo and Kepler
35. What was the main purpose of this passage?
(A) To demonstrate the development of Newton’s laws
(B) To establish Newton as the authority in the field of physics
(C) To discredit Newton’s laws of motion
(D) To describe the motion of planets around the sun

Questions 36-39 refer to the following description:

206. American English Phonetics. Fall. 5 hours. Three lectures, two
laboratory periods. Prerequisite: English 205, Linguistics 210 or
equivalent. A study of American English pronunciation, designed for
advanced international students. Professor Ayers.

Р
36. From this course description, we know that the class meets

УИ
(A) two hours a day (C) five hours a day
(B) three hours a week (D) five hours a week

37. In order to take American English Phonetics it is necessary to

(A) take English 206 first

БГ
(B) know the material from English 205 or Linguistics 210
(C) have permission from Professor Ayers
(D) pass an examination
а
ек

38. Students who take this course should expect to

(A) study British English
(B) be taught by international students
т

(C) study English 205 and Linguistics 210 at the same time
(D) use a language laboratory twice a week
ио

39. This course will probably be offered

(A) January to March (C) July to August
бл

(B) April to June (D) September to December

Questions 40-42 refer to the following sentences:

Би

Horace Mann, the first secretary of the state board of education in

Massachusetts, exercised an enormous influence during the critical
period of reconstruction which brought into existence the American
graded elementary school as a substitute for the older district school
system.

40. Horace Mann’s influence on American education was

(A) very great (C) misunderstood
(B) small, but important (D) not accepted
 41. Horace Mann advocated
(A) the state board school system
(B) the district school system
(C) the substitute school system
(D) the graded school system
42. The graded elementary school
(A) replaced the district school system
(B) was used only in Massachusetts
(C) was rejected by the secretary of the state board of education
(D) was the first school system established in America

Р
Questions 43-45 refer to the following passage:

УИ
The population of the world has increased more in modern times
than in all other ages of history combined. World population totaled about
500 million in 1650. It doubled in the period from 1650-1850. Today the
population is more than three billion. Estimates based on research by the

БГ
United Nations indicate that it will more than double in the next twenty-five
years, reaching seven billion by the year 2000.
43. By 1850, approximately what was the world population?
(A) 500 million (C) Three billion
а
(B) One billion (D) Seven billion
ек

44. World population doubled in the years between

(A) 500-1650 (C) 1650-today
(B) 1650-1850 (D) 1850-2000
т

45. According to this passage, by the year 2000 the earth’s population
should exceed the present figure by
ио

(A) 500 million (C) four billion

(B) three billion (D) seven billion
бл

Questions 46-48 refer to the following passage:

In the undergraduate schools and colleges, a student will be
classified according to the number of academic quarter hours that he or
Би

she has completed with an average grade of 2.0 or better.

Classification Hours Completed
Freshman Less than 45 hours
Sophomore At least 45 hours
Junior At least 90 hours
Senior At least 140 hours

46. How would a student with 45 credit hours be classified?

(A) Freshman (C) Junior
(B) Sophomore (D) Senior
47. How would a student with 96 credit hours be classified?
(A) Freshman (C) Junior
(B) Sophomore (D) Senior

48. Which of the following would most likely represent the number of
credit hours earned by a senior?
(A) 100 (C) 139
(B) 140 (D) 90

Questions 49-51 refer to the following passage:

Р
Organic architecture, that is, natural architecture, may be varied in
concept and form, but it is always faithful to principle. Organic architecture

УИ
rejects rules imposed by individual preference or mere aesthetics in order
to remain true to the nature of the site, the materials, the purpose of the
structure, and the people who will ultimately use it. If this natural principle
is upheld, then a bank cannot be built to look like a Greek temple. Form

49. Another name for organic architecture is

(A) natural architecture
БГ
does not follow function; form is inseparable from function.

(C) principle architecture

а
(B) aesthetic architecture (D) varied architecture
ек

50. In organic architecture

(A) form follows function
т

(B) function follows form

(C) function is not important to form
(D) form and function are one
ио

51. A good example of organic architecture is a

(A) bank that is built to look like a Greek temple
бл

(B) bank built so that the location is unimportant to the structure

(C) bank that is built to conform to the natural surroundings
(D) bank that is built to be beautiful rather than functional
Би

Questions 52-55 refer to the following passage:

The earliest authentic works on European alchemy are those of the
English monk Roger Bacon and the German philosopher St. Albertus
Magnus. In their treatises they maintained that gold was the perfect metal
and that inferior metals such as lead and mercury were removed by
various degrees of imperfection from gold. They further asserted that
these base metals could be transmuted to gold by blending them with a
substance even more perfect than gold. This elusive substance was
referred to as the “philosopher’s stone.”
 52. Roger Bacon and St. Albertus Magnus had the same
(A) nationality (C) profession
(B) premise (D) education

53. It is probable that Roger Bacon’s work

(A) was not genuine
(B) disproved that of St. Albertus Magnus
(C) was written after St. Albertus Magnus
(D) contained references to the conversion of base metals to gold

54. According to the alchemists, the difference between base metals and

Р
gold was one of
(A) perfection (C) temperature

УИ
(B) chemical content (D) weight

55. The “philosopher’s stone” was

(A) lead which was mixed with gold

(C) another name for alchemy

(D) a base metal БГ
(B) an elements which was never found
а
Questions 56-60. For each of these questions, choose the answer that is
ек

closest in meaning to the original sentence. Note that several of the

choices may be factually correct, but you should choose the one that is
the closest restatement of the given sentence.
т

56. Despite a large advertising campaign, the new business could not
compete with the established firms.
ио

(A) Advertising helped the new business to compete with the

established firms.
(B) The established firms advertised so that the new business would
бл

not be able to compete with them.

(C) Even though the new business advertised, it could not compete
with the established firms.
Би

(D) Because the advertising campaign was new, the business could
not compete with the established firms.

57. It is necessary to have a doctor’s prescription in order to buy most

medicines in the United States.
(A) In the United States, medicine must be bought with prescriptions
instead of money.
(B) In most of the states, doctors give prescriptions for medicine.
(C) Most medicine cannot be bought without a prescription in the
United States.
(D) In the United States, most doctors give prescriptions for medicine.
58. Taking notes, even incomplete ones, is usually more efficient than
relying on one’s memory.
(A) Because notes are usually incomplete, it is more efficient to rely
on one’s memory.
(B) It is usually more efficient to take incomplete notes than to rely on
one’s memory.
(C) Taking incomplete notes is usually less efficient than relying on
one’s memory.
(D) One’s memory is usually more efficient than incomplete notes.

Р
59. The National Weather Service issued a tornado warning just minutes
before a funnel cloud was sighted in the area.

УИ
(A) After sighting a funnel cloud, the National Weather Service issued
a tornado warning.
(B) After the National Weather Service issued a tornado warning, a
funnel cloud was sighted in the area.

БГ
(C) When they saw a funnel cloud at the National Weather Service,
they issued a tornado warning.
(D) A tornado warning was issued by the National Weather Service
after a funnel cloud was sighted in the area.
а
60. The interest rate on a minimum balance savings account is a little
ек

higher than the interest rate on a regular savings account.

(A) A regular savings account draws higher interest than an account
which has a minimum balance.
т

(B) The interest rate is lower for a minimum balance savings account
than for a regular account.
ио

(C) A savings account in which a minimum balance is maintained

draws higher interest than a regular savings account.
(D) A minimum interest rate, lower than a regular rate, is drawn on a
balanced savings account.
бл

TEST 6
Part A
Би

Choose the correct answer.

1. Thomas Edison’s office was always disorganized with books and
papers.
(A) cluttered (C) sorted
(B) decorated (D) stacked
2. Sometimes items are put on sale because they have imperfections
on them.
(A) defects (C) signatures
(B) mileage (D) installments
 3. Historical records reveal that Jefferson reiterated his ideas about a
meritocracy.
(A) furthered (C) repeated
(B) changed (D) published
4. Mail service will be suspended during the postal worker’s strike.
(A) inspected (C) uninterrupted
(B) delayed (D) curtailed
5. In Benjamin Franklin’s almanac, he warns against making hasty
decisions.
(A) expensive (C) firm

Р
(B) unhealthy (D) quick

УИ
6. A good student is eager to learn and does not need to be warned for
being absent too much.
(A) admonished (C) belittled
(B) punished (D) spanked
7.
(A) cheap
(B) small
БГ
An appendectomy is a routine operation.
(C) usual
(D) quick
а
8. Since research studies have shown a relationship between cancer
ек

and cigarette smoking, many people have cut down.

(A) ceased smoking
(B) become frightened
т

(C) decreased the number of cigarettes

(D) gotten sick
ио

9. It is not a good business policy to buy sleazy materials.

(A) few (C) used
(B) cheap (D) old
бл

10. Lifting the shoulders is a gesture that indicates lack of interest.

(A) Napping (C) Sighing
(B) Shrugging (D) Yawning
Би

11. Some celestial bodies will leave luminous trails upon entering the
earth’s atmosphere.
(A) junk (C) missiles
(B) meteors (D) precipitation
12. In the play Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? a woman and her
husband spend most of their time quarreling.
(A) bickering (C) teasing
(B) gossiping (D) chuckling
13. The author of a book, a musical composition, or an artistic work may
choose to honor someone by putting his or her name in the front of it,
thereby giving it.
(A) consecrating (C) dedicating
(B) devoting (D) pledging
14. Tiny Tim, a character in A Christmas Carol, was a happy little boy in
spite of the disability that caused him to favor one leg.
(A) limp (C) rest
(B) weep (D) shout
15. Pipes may be painted to keep them from getting oxidized.

Р
(A) misplaced (C) rusty

УИ
(B) soaked (D) frozen
16. Interfering with someone’s mail is a serious crime in the U.S.
(A) Assisting (C) Gambling
(B) Tampering (D) Intimidating

properties.
(A) Exceptions
БГ
17. Finances can consist of a combination of stocks, bonds, and

(C) Donations
а
(B) Assets (D) Bequests
ек

18. An understudy performs when the lead singer’s voice becomes

hoarse.
(A) fatigued (C) famous
т

(B) thin (D) rough

19. Rain lessens in the fall throughout most of the Appalachian Mountain
ио

region.
(A) pours (C) abates
(B) accumulates (D) evaporates
бл

20. Several members of the royal family have been held prisoners in the
Tower of London.
(A) for protection (C) captive
Би

(B) by request (D) briefly

21. A marching band often performs during the time between the two
halves of a football game.
(A) interval (C) yelling
(B) entertainment (D) interview
22. Athletes learn to conceal their disappointment when they lose.
(A) ignore (C) accept
(B) regret (D) disguise
 23. Although monkeys occasionally menace their enemies, they are
usually not dangerous unless they are provoked.
(A) pursue (C) threaten
(B) consume (D) kill
24. Many of the first histories of the New World were written by monks
and published by the Catholic Church.
(A) put away (C) approved of
(B) brought out (D) thrown out
25. Valium is a strong drug that can cause a driver to sleep at the wheel.
(A) dream (C) doze

Р
(B) sneeze (D) snore

УИ
26. Milk is purified by heating it at 60˚C for thirty minutes.
(A) cleansed (C) mixed
(B) stored (D) packaged

БГ
27. The box fell off his desk and hit the floor with a thump.
(A) a dull noise (C) a musical sound
(B) a very small sound (D) a repeated noise
28. Flu shots are given every fall as a precaution against an epidemic the
а
following winter.
ек

(A) required treatment (C) free service

(B) preventive measure (D) new cure
т

29. When a hurricane is about to occur, the National Weather Bureau

issues a warning.
(A) adjacent (C) gigantic
ио

(B) perilous (D) imminent

30. Unless the population growth stabilizes, environmentalists predict a
бл

worldwide starvation by the year 2000 A.D.

(A) famine (C) rebellion
(B) flood (D) disease
Би

Part B
Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is
stated or implied in that passage.
Questions 31-35 refer to the following passage:
A geyser is the result of underground water under the combined
conditions of high temperatures and increased pressure beneath the
surface of the earth. Since temperature rises approximately one degree F
for every sixty feet under the earth’s surface, and pressure increases with
depth, water that seeps down in cracks and fissures until it reaches very
hot rocks in earth’s interior becomes heated to a temperature in excess of
290 degrees F. Because of the greater pressure, it shoots out of the
surface in the form of steam and hot water. The result is a geyser.
For the most part, geysers are located in three regions of the world:
New Zealand, Iceland, and the Yellowstone National Park area of the
United States. The most famous geyser in the world is Old Faithful in
Yellowstone Park. Old Faithful erupts almost every hour, rising to a height
of 125 to 170 feet and expelling more than ten thousand gallons during
each eruption.
31. In order for a geyser to erupt

Р
(A) hot rocks must rise to the surface of the earth
(B) water must flow underground

УИ
(C) it must be a warm day
(D) the earth must not be rugged or broken
32. Old Faithful is located in

БГ
(A) New Zealand (C) The United States
(B) Iceland (D) England
33. Old Faithful erupts
(A) every 10 minutes (C) every 125 minutes
а
(B) every 60 minutes (D) every 170 minutes
ек

34. A geyser is
(A) hot water and steam (C) hot rocks
(B) cracks and fissures (D) great pressure
т

35. As depth increases

(A) pressure increases but temperature does not
ио

(B) temperature increases but pressure does not

(C) both pressure and temperature increase
(D) neither pressure nor temperature increases
бл

Questions 36-37 refer to the following sentence:

Stamp collecting, or to call it by its correct name, philately, has been
Би

an increasingly popular hobby from as early as 1854.

36. What is another name for stamp collecting?
(A) popular (C) hobby
(B) philately (D) increasingly
37. In 1854, stamp collecting was _____.
(A) more popular than it is today
(B) as popular as it is today
(C) not enjoyed
(D) just beginning to become popular
 Questions 38-40 refer to the following passage:
The influenza virus is a single molecule composed of millions of
individual atoms. While bacteria can be considered as a type of plant,
secreting poisonous substances into the body of the organism they
attack, viruses, like the influenza virus, are living organisms themselves.
We may consider them as regular chemical molecules since they have
strictly defined atomic structure; but on the other hand, we must also
consider them as being alive since they are able to multiply in unlimited
quantities.
38. According to this passage, bacteria are

Р
(A) poisons (C) larger than viruses
(B) very small (D) plants

УИ
39. The writer says that viruses are alive because they
(A) have a complex atomic structure
(B) move

БГ
(C) multiply
(D) need warmth and light
40. The atomic structure of viruses
(A) is variable
а
(B) is strictly defined
(C) cannot be analyzed chemically
ек

(D) is more complex than that of bacteria

Questions 41-45 refer to the following passage:
т

A green 1-538 form is used by international students in order to

obtain permission from the Immigration and Naturalization Service to
ио

transfer from one university to another in the United States. If you are
planning to transfer, remember that you must obtain the permission
before leaving the university where you are currently studying. You must
бл

complete the form 1-538, have it signed by the foreign student advisor,
and submit it to the District Office of the Immigration and Naturalization
Service together with the form 1-20 from your new school and the small,
white form 1-94 that was affixed to your passport when you entered the
Би

country.
Submitting the signed 1-538 and other documents does not insure
permission to transfer. Only an official of Immigration can decide each
case. Students who have not completed one term of study at the school
that issued them their first 1-20 are not advised to file for permission to
transfer until they have completed one term.
41. A transfer form is called an
(A) 1-20 (C) 1-538
(B) 1-94 (D) 1-520
42. If you want to transfer it is a good idea to
(A) travel to the new university immediately so that the foreign
student advisor can help you
(B) study at the university where you have permission until you
receive a new permission from Immigration.
(C) sign an 1-538 form and leave it at your current university before
traveling to the new university
(D) leave the country so that you can enter on another 1-20 from the
new university
43. In order for you to transfer, permission must be granted by an official

Р
at the
(A) foreign student advisor’s office

УИ
(B) new university
(C) Immigration office
(D) passport office

БГ
44. The transfer form must be signed by the
(A) foreign student advisor at the new school
(B) foreign student advisor at the current school
(C) student
(D) Immigration officer
а
ек

45. This passage is mainly about

(A) the Immigration and Naturalization Service
(B) how to get a passport
т

(C) how to obtain permission to transfer from one university to

another
ио

(D) studying in the United States

Questions 46-47 refer to the following sentence:
In modern urban centers, the unburned hydrocarbons, nitrogen
бл

oxides and carbon monoxides in automotive exhaust are the greatest

source of photochemical air pollution, or smog.
46. In order to lessen smog, which of the following should be reduced?
Би

(A) the number of cameras (C) the number of cars

(B) the number of factories (D) the number of fires
47. Which of the following words or phrases has the same meaning as
smog?
(A) urban centers (C) photochemical air pollution
(B) automotive exhaust (D) hydrocarbons
Questions 48-51 refer to the following passage:
Although most universities in the United States are on a semester
system which offers classes in the fall and spring, some school observe a
 quarter system comprised of fall, winter, spring, and summer quarters.
The academic year, September to June, is divided into three quarters of
eleven weeks each beginning in September, January, and March; the
summer quarter, June to August, is composed of shorter sessions of
varying length. Students may take advantage of the opportunity to study
year around by enrolling in all four quarters. Most students begin their
programs in the fall quarter, but they may enter at the beginning of any of
the other quarters.
48. The academic year is
(A) September to August (C) August to June

Р
(B) June to August (D) September to June

УИ
49. A semester system
(A) has eleven-week sessions
(B) is not very popular in the United States
(C) gives students the opportunity to study year around

БГ
(D) has two major sessions a year
50. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
(A) Universities in the United States
(B) The Academic Year
а
(C) The Quarter System
(D) The Semester System
ек

Questions 51-55 refer to the following instructions:

Adults ……………………………. 2 tablespoonfuls
т

Children: according to age:

10-14 years ……………………... 4 tablespoonfuls
ио

6-10 years ………………………. 2 tablespoonfuls

3-6 years ………………………... 1 tablespoonful
Repeat above dosage every ½ hour to 1 hour if needed
бл

until 8 doses are taken. If relief does not occur within two
days, consult a physician.
SHAKE WELL BEFORE USING
Би

51. According to the instructions, what should you do before taking this
medication?
(A) Mix it (C) Add water to it
(B) Heat it (D) See a doctor

52. For whom would a dosage of two teaspoonfuls be recommended?

(A) An adult (C) A 6-to-10-year-old child
(B) A 10-to-14-year-old child (D) A 3-to-6-year-old child
53. What is the maximum amount of medication that should be taken by
an adult in four-hour period?
(A) Two doses (C) Six doses
(B) Four doses (D) Eight doses

54. How are children’s dosages determined?

(A) By the weight of the child (C) By the time of day
(B) By the age of the child (D) By consulting a physician

55. Most likely, this medication is _____.

(A) a pill (C) a lozenge

Р
(B) an injection (D) a liquid

УИ
Questions 56-60. For each of these questions, choose the answer that is
closest in meaning to the original sentence. Note that several of the
choices may be factually correct, but you should choose the one that is
the closest restatement of the given sentence.

БГ
56. It usually takes about four weeks to process a social security card
after the application and necessary evidence of age, identity and
citizenship have been received at the local social security office.
а
(A) Before submitting evidence of age, identity and citizenship to the
ек

social security office, it is necessary to have a card.

(B) Four weeks before one needs a social security card, he should
submit evidence of age, identity and citizenship, along with an
т

application to the local security office.

(C) One must submit evidence of age, identity and citizenship four
weeks after the social security office processes your card.
ио

(D) The local social security office will provide evidence of age,
identity and citizenship four weeks after one submits an
application.
бл

57. Mobil Oil Corporation points out that if a driver reduces his speed
from 70 to 50 miles per hour, the car driven will average 25 percent
Би

more mileage per gallon.

(A) More gasoline is needed in order to drive slowly, according to
Mobil Oil Corporation.
(B) Mobil Oil Corporation reports that a reduction in speed will result
in an increase in the consumption of gasoline.
(C) According to Mobil Oil Corporation, an increase in speed causes
an increase in mileage per gallon of gasoline.
(D) Less gasoline is consumed at slower speeds, according to Mobil
Oil Corporation.
 58. Despite the great difference in size, shape, and function, all human
cells have the same 46 chromosomes.
(A) All human cells are the same because the 46 chromosomes
govern size, shape and function.
(B) Differences in size, shape and function are not very great
because all human cells have the same 46 chromosomes.
(C) The size, shape and function of human cells are the same, but the
46 chromosomes are different.
(D) Although the 46 chromosomes are the same in all human cells,
there are differences in the size, shape, and function.

Р
59. Unless the trend reverses, low-priced pocket calculators will have
replaced the slide rule completely within the next few years.

УИ
(A) Slide rules will have been replaced by low-priced pocket
calculators soon if the trend continues.
(B) More people will be using slide rules than pocket calculators even
though they are more expensive, unless the trend reverses.

БГ
(C) Because they are low-priced, pocket calculators will replace slide
rules in the next few years.
(D) The trend is for slide rules to be used in spite of the low prices of
pocket calculators.
а
60. No one except the graduate assistant understood the results of the
ек

experiments.
(A) All of the graduate assistants understood the experiments.
(B) The experiments were not understood by any of them.
т

(C) Only the graduate assistant understood the experiments.

(D) All but one of the graduate assistants understood the
ио

experiments.

TEST 7
бл

Part A

Choose the correct answer.

Би

1. The yearly growth of the gross national product is often used as an

indicator of a nation’s economy.
(A) sluggish (C) routine
(B) haphazard (D) annual

2. The 132 islands in the Hawaiian chain extend across 388 miles of
Pacific Ocean.
(A) enhance (C) guard
(B) claim (D) span
3. Flamingos were about to have died out until laws were passed to
protect them.
(A) become confined (C) become infected
(B) become extinct (D) become deformed
4. Saint Elmo’s Fire is a phenomenon that occurs when ships
discharging harmless electrical charges into the atmosphere appear
to shine.
(A) fade (C) glow
(B) shrink (D) vanish
5. The number of insect species is greater than that of all animal

Р
species.

УИ
(A) exceeds (C) augments
(B) equals (D) predicts
6. Caves are often formed by selective wearing away of cliffs by the
sea.

БГ
(A) erosion (C) extension
(B) evasion (D) eradication
7. Honeybees live in a complicated society of ten to fifty thousand
а
members.
(A) concealed (C) cooperative
ек

(B) complex (D) congested

8. Stephen Foster was one of America’s most popular and productive
т

songwriters, composing more than two hundred songs in his lifetime.

(A) prolific (C) industrious
(B) gifted (D) known
ио

9. All drinks that include saccharin must be marked with a warning label
because saccharin may cause cancer.
бл

(A) packages (C) beverages

(B) medications (D) desserts
10. A chance sample can often provide information about a larger
Би

population.
(A) prudent (C) random
(B) genuine (D) modified
11. Magma is the primary source of all the earth’s rocks.
(A) cheapest (C) nearest
(B) first (D) worst
12. Sharks must swim all the time to avoid sinking.
(A) swiftly (C) precisely
(B) rarely (D) constantly
 13. Microprocessors, unlike computers, are programmed to complete
defined tasks.
(A) specific (C) several
(B) arduous (D) similar
14. The galaxy slowly circles around a spherical center.
(A) expands (C) accelerates
(B) rotates (D) vibrates
15. The most admired annual golf event in America is the Masters
Tournament held in Augusta, Georgia.

Р
(A) exhausting (C) competitive
(B) controversial (D) prestigious

УИ
16. Although some species are native to temperate zones, most orchids
grow in damp, hot countries.
(A) isolated (C) humid

БГ
(B) arid (D) island
17. The chickadee is noted for its tameness and quickness.
(A) audacity (C) agility
(B) geniality (D) irritability
а
18. The population of the United States is roughly 240 million.
ек

(A) unfortunately (C) approximately

(B) ideally (D) usually
т

19. Carbohydrates are plentiful in nature where they serve as an

immediate source of energy
ио

(A) abundant (C) unstable

(B) obscure (D) reliable
20. The gorilla, the largest of the apes, is now able to be bred in
бл

confinement.
(A) haste (C) captivity
(B) safety (D) intervals
Би

21. A nuclear power plant gives off less radiation than a granite structure
of similar proportion such as the Lincoln Memorial.
(A) repels (C) confines
(B) concentrates (D) emits
22. Like snakes, many insects grow by throwing away their skin several
times.
(A) digesting (C) discarding
(B) stretching (D) mending
23. Volcanoes are formed where the plates in the earth’s crust meet.
(A) crack (C) collapse
(B) intersect (D) float
24. Some sedimentary rocks are made entirely of very large coral beds.
(A) unusual (C) massive
(B) mature (D) subterranean
25. In the fetus, cartilage forms a temporary skeleton that will gradually
be changed into bones.
(A) transformed (C) hardened
(B) straightened (D) fused

Р
26. Some scientists have argued that the purpose of the human

УИ
appendix may have been to digest uncooked meat and bark,
functions that are now no longer useful.
(A) simulated (C) obsolete
(B) perilous (D) sluggish

lakes along their borders.

(A) contaminated
БГ
27. Canada and the United States are cooperating to clean up the dirty

(C) mutual
а
(B) huge (D) gorgeous
ек

28. Deterioration in the areas around the center of the city is a common
urban problem.
(A) dense population (C) heavy traffic
т

(B) expensive land (D) lower value

29. Technical books often have a word list at the end.
ио

(A) quiz (C) chart

(B) appendix (D) glossary
бл

30. Jet engines go in the opposite direction upon touchdown.

(A) extinguish (C) explode
(B) reverse (D) hesitate
Би

Part B
Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is
stated or implied in that passage.
Questions 31-35 refer to the following passage:
Throughout history, the search for salt has played an important role
in society. Where it was scarce, salt was traded ounce for ounce with
gold. Rome’s major highway was called the Via Salaria, that is, the Salt
Road. Along that road, Roman soldiers transported salt crystals form the
salt flats at Ostia up the Tiber River. In return, they received a salarium or
 salary, which was literally money paid to soldiers to buy salt. The old
saying “worth their salt,” which means to be valuable, derives from the
custom of payment during the Empire.

31. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The old saying “worth their salt”
(B) The Roman Empire
(C) Salt
(D) Ancient trade

32. According to the passage, salt flats were located in

Р
(A) Rome (C) Ostia
(B) Tiber (D) Salaria

УИ
33. Salarium is a Latin word that means
(A) salt (C) soldiers
(B) salary (D) the Salt Road

(B) a thirsty person

БГ
34. If a man is “worth his salt,” he is
(A) a soldier (C) a valuable employee
(D) a highly paid worker
а
ек

Questions 35-38 refer to the following passage:

In May, 1966, the World Health Organization was authorized to
initiate a global campaign to eradicate smallpox. The goal was to
т

eliminate the disease in one decade. Because similar projects for malaria
and yellow fever had failed, few believed that smallpox could actually be
eradicated, but eleven years after the initial organization of the campaign,
ио

no cases were reported in the field.

The strategy was not only to provide mass vaccinations but also to
isolate patients with active smallpox in order to contain the spread of the
бл

disease and to break the chain of human transmission. Rewards for

reporting smallpox assisted in motivating the public to aid health workers.
One by one, each smallpox victim was sought out, removed from contact
Би

with others and treated. At the same time, the entire village where the
victim had lived was vaccinated.
Today smallpox is no longer a threat to humanity. Routine
vaccinations have been stopped worldwide.

35. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
(A) The World Health Organization
(B) The Eradication of Smallpox
(C) Smallpox Vaccinations
(D) Infectious Diseases
36. It can be inferred that
(A) no new cases of smallpox have been reported this year
(B) malaria and yellow fever have been eliminated
(C) smallpox victims no longer die when they contract the disease
(D) smallpox is not transmitted from one person to another
37. Which statement does NOT refer to smallpox?
(A) Previous projects had failed
(B) People are no longer vaccinated for it
(C) The World Health Organization mounted a worldwide campaign to
eradicate the disease

Р
(D) It was a serious threat

УИ
38. According to the passage, what was the strategy used to eliminate
the spread of smallpox.
(A) Vaccinations of entire villages
(B) Treatment of individual victims

БГ
(C) Isolation of victims and mass vaccinations
(D) Extensive reporting of outbreaks
Questions 39-42 refer to the following passage:
The nuclear family, consisting of a mother, father, and their children
а
may be more an American ideal than an American reality. Of course, the
ек

so-called traditional American family was always more varied than we had
been led to believe, reflecting the very different racial, ethnic, class, and
religious customs among different American groups.
т

The most recent government statistics reveal that only about one
third of all current American families fit the traditional mold and another
third consists of married couples who either have no children or have
ио

none still living at home. Of the final one third, about 20 percent of the
total number of American households are single people, usually women
over sixty-five years of age. A small percentage, about 3 percent of the
бл

total, consists of unmarried people who choose to live together; and the
rest, about 7 percent, are single, usually divorced parents, with at least
one child.
Би

39. With what topic is the passage mainly concerned?

(A) The traditional American family
(B) The nuclear family
(C) The current American family
(D) The ideal family

40. The author implies that

(A) there has always been a wide variety of family arrangements in
the United States
 (B) racial, ethnic, and religious groups have preserved the traditional
family structure
(C) the ideal American family is the best structure
(D) fewer married couples are having children
41. Who generally constitutes a one-person household?
(A) A single man in his twenties
(B) An elderly man
(C) A single woman in her late sixties
(D) A divorced woman
42. According to the passage, married couples whose children have

Р
grown or who have no children represent
(A) 33⅓ percent of households

УИ
(B) 20percent of households
(C) 7 percent of households
(D) 2 percent of households

БГ
Questions 43-47 refer to the following passage:
Unlike the eye, the ear has no lid; therefore noise penetrates without
protection. Loud noises instinctively signal danger to any organism with a
hearing mechanism, including human beings. In response, heartbeat and
а
respiration accelerate. In fact, there is a general increase in functioning
brought about by the flow of adrenaline released in response to fear.
ек

Because noise is unavoidable in a complex, industrial society, we are

constantly responding in the same ways that we would respond to
danger. Recently, researches have concluded that noise and our
т

response may be much more than an annoyance. It may be a serious

threat to physical and psychological health and well-being, causing
ио

damage not only to the ear and brain but also to the heart and stomach.
We have long known that hearing loss is America’s number one nonfatal
health problem, but now we are learning that some of us with heart
бл

disease and ulcers may be victims of noise as well.

43. What is the author’s main point?

Би

(A) Noise may pose a serious threat to our physical and

psychological health
(B) Loud noises signal danger
(C) Hearing loss is America’s number one nonfatal health problem
(D) The ear is not like the eye

44. According to the passage, people respond to loud noises in the same
way that they respond to
(A) annoyance (C) damage
(B) danger (D) disease
45. It can be inferred from this passage that the eye
(A) responds to fear
(B) enjoys greater protection than the ear
(C) increases functions
(D) is damaged by noise

46. Noise is
(A) not a serious problem today
(B) America’s number-one problem
(C) an unavoidable problem in an industrial society
(D) a complex problem

Р
47. What was the topic of the paragraph that preceded this passage?

УИ
(A) the eye (C) ulcers
(B) heart disease (D) fear

Questions 48-51 refer to the following sentence:

БГ
In order to be licensed by the state to operate a motor vehicle, a
driver must achieve a score of at least 90 percent on a twenty-item multi-
choice examination covering driving procedures and laws; 90 percent on
a ten-item fill-in examination covering traffic signs; and 80 percent on a
а
practical driving examination administered and scored by a state highway
ек

patrolman.

48. Where would this passage most probably be found?

т

(A) In a newspaper (C) In a driver’s manual

(B) In a traffic ticket (D) In a test on traffic signs
ио

49. What is the minimum score to pass the test on procedures and laws?
(A) 90 percent (C) 85 percent
(B) 86.6 percent (D) 80 percent
бл

50. How many road signs must the driver identify?

(A) 9 (C) 2
Би

(B) 8 (D) 1

51. What must the driver do to demonstrate his knowledge of driving

rules?
(A) He must write short answers to essay questions
(B) He must complete one or two words that are missing in sentences
(C) He must select the best answer from several possible answers
(D) He must discriminate true statements from false statements
 Questions 52-55 refer to the following announcement:
TYPING SERVICE
Price List
DOUBLE SPACE $1.50/page
SINGLE SPACE $2.50/page
CHARTS & GRAPHS $2.50/page
BIBLIO, REFERENCES &
FOOTNOTE PAGES $2.50/page
RESUMES $3.50/page

Р
LETTERS w/ENVELOPE $2.00/page

УИ
The above prices reflect typing with standard margins (1½”) and the
popular PICA type size.
The smaller ELITE type is $.25 extra per page.

БГ
There will also be and extra charge for footnotes typed at the bottom of
each page.
It is at the typist’s discretion to charge extra for handwriting that is difficult
to read.
а
52. According to this price list, how much would it cost to have a one-
ек

page resume typed?

(A) $1.50 (C) $2.50
т

(B) $2.00 (D) $3.50

53. How much would it cost to have a ten-page paper typed if it were
ио

double-spaced pica and had no footnotes or references?

(A) $15.00 (C) $20.00
(B) $17.50 (D) $25.00
бл

54. Why does it cost more to have a page typed with ELITE?
(A) Because it is more popular
Би

(B) Because it is more difficult to type

(C) Because it is at the typist’s discretion
(D) Because more print will fit on one page

55. What if the handwriting on the original is very poor?

(A) The typist will charge more
(B) The typist will not charge more than the published price
(C) The typist may or may not ask for an additional charge
(D) The typist will need longer to complete the work
Questions 56-58. For each of these questions, choose the answer that is
closest in meaning to the original sentence. Note that several of the
choices may be factually correct, but you should choose the one that is
the closest restatement of the given sentence.
56. Despite the signs that are clearly displayed, some people still insist
on parking in handicapped spaces.
(A) Only handicapped people park in the spaces because there are
signs clearly displayed.
(B) Although there are signs, they are not marked clearly enough to
keep people from parking in handicapped spaces.

Р
(C) Some people park in handicapped spaces even though clearly
displayed signs warn them not to.

УИ
(D) The clearly displayed signs help some handicapped people who
need to park in the spaces.
57. It is not illegal in some cultures to be married to more than one

БГ
woman at the same time, but the monogamous relationship is the
most common.
(A) In some cultures it is legal to be married to several women at
once, but it is more common to be married to just one woman.
(B) It is against the law to be married to more than one woman at a
а
time, although it is common in some cultures.
ек

(C) The monogamous relationship, which is common in most cultures,

is illegal in some cultures.
(D) Being married to more than one woman at the same time is both
т

common and legal in some cultures.

58. Airlines routinely promise seats to 10 or 20 percent more passengers
ио

than can be accommodated because some people who confirm their

reservations fail to keep them.
(A) About 10 to 20 percent of the passengers who book flights do not
бл

travel because there are no seats.

(B) The people who confirm their reservations do not have seats
because the airlines promise them to more passengers than they
Би

can serve.
(C) About 10 to 20 percent of the people who want to fly can be
accommodated because of extra seats.
(D) The airlines reserve seats at 110 to 120 percent of capacity
because of people who make reservations but don’t show up.
TEST 8
Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct.
When dawn came, they realised that the entire boat was encased in
ice. The captain ..1.. asleep but the rest of the crew hurriedly woke him.
He took a small axe and with great care. ..2.. a hole in the deck, he began
 to knock the ice away. From time to time a wave burst over the boat and
swept over him but he kept ..3.. for ten minutes while the others looked
..4.. anxiously. ..5..this time he was so cold that he could no longer trust
his grip or balance.
Each member of the crew took it in turn to cut the ice away for ..6..
he could ..7.. it. First they had to knock off enough ice to get on their ..8…
Standing up on that rolling deck ..9.. committing suicide because a man
who had fallen ..10.. could not have been rescued.
Then the Captain discovered that ice was forming inside the cabin.
He called to one of the crew and together they managed to get the stove
..11.. in the hope that it would ..12.. enough heat to warm the cabin above

Р
..13... ..14.. the ice in the bottom could be melted enough ..15.. pumped
out they were ..16.. danger of sinking.

УИ
It took ..17.. before the boat began to float better. But ..18.. this time
they succeeded ..19.. most of the ice.
Throughout the afternoon, the coating of ice began to build up again
..20.. their work. ..21.. this new danger. Capt. Slater decided that there

БГ
was too much ..22.. to gamble on the chance that the boat ..23.. until the
next morning. ..24… he ..25.. the ice. Then they settled down to wait for
another day.
а
1. (A) had gone 6. (A) so long as
ек

(B) had fallen (B) as long as

(C) had become (C) so far as
(D) had grown (D) as far as
т

2. (A) so as not to do 7. (A) support

(B) for not making (B) help
ио

(C) for not doing (C) bear

(D) so as not to make (D) put up
бл

3. A) to work 8. (A) legs

(B) to working (B) ankles
(C) on working (C) knees
Би

(D) on work (D) thighs

4. (A) at 9. (A) had been

(B) on (B) would have been
(C) by him (C) had to be
(D) for him (D) should be

5. (A) By 10. (A) overboard

(B) For (B) at sea
(C) In (C) to sea
(D) At (D) out of broad
11. (A) on fire 18. (A) meanwhile
(B) in flames (B) since
(C) lighting (C) for
(D) alight (D) during
12. (A) get out 19. (A) to take off
(B) give off (B) in disposing
(C) get over (C) in getting rid of
(D) give in (D) to remove
13. (A) low temperature 20. (A) in spite of
(B) ice point (B) although

Р
(C) frozen point (C) whatever

УИ
(D) freezing point (D) nevertheless
14. (A) Instead 21. (A) In front of
(B) In case (B) Beside
(C) Unless (C) In the face of

БГ
(D) If not (D) Against
15. (A) so that it could be 22. (A) on risk
(B) so that it would be (B) at play
а
(C) in order that it would be (C) in trial
(D) for being (D) at stake
ек

16. (A) under 23. (A) would outlive

(B) with (B) would survive
т

(C) in (C) should survive

(D) on (D) should outlive
ио

17. (A) an hour work 24. (A) Another time

(B) an hour’s work (B) One more-time
(C) the work of an hour (C) Once more
бл

(D) a work hour (D) Now and again

25. (A) ordered that the crew cleared
(B) suggested to the crew to clear
Би

(C) suggested the crew clearing

(D) ordered the crew to clear
Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct.
26. The starter gave the ….. for the race to begin.
(A) advice (C) dispatch
(B) signal (D) attention
27. He’s a nice dog. He won’t do you any …..
(A) ill (C) hurt
(B) bite (D) harm
 28. It wasn’t an accident. He did it on …..
(A) reason (C) purpose
(B) determination (D) intention
29. We want him to retire but he won’t …..to it.
(A) accept (C) agree
(B) admit (D) allow
30. She put a ….. of icing on top of the cake
(A) level (C) cover
(B) plain (D) layer

Р
31. One of the water ….. has burst and the kitchen is full of water.
(A) tubes (C) conductors

УИ
(B) pipers (D) channels
32. A ….. of mine, my cousin John, has a house near there.
(A) relative (C) familiar

БГ
(B) relationship (D) parent
33. I …… of his course of action, so I told him to go ahead.
(A) accepted (C) approved
(B) agreed (D) consented
а
34. Close the door please. I don’t like sitting in a ……
ек

(A) blow (C) vent

(B) draught (D) current
т

35. There’s no beer left and the pubs are shut so you’ll have to ……
(A) go for (C) go without
ио

(B) go off (D) go through

36. He lost his …. and hit me.
(A) mood (C) sense
бл

(B) temper (D) manner

37. At the beginning of the school year, every teacher is …. a classroom.
Би

(A) allocated (C) sorted

(B) distributed (D) registered
38. She’s such an irritating woman. I don’t know how you can ….. her.
(A) put up (C) stand up with
(B) put up with (D) stand with
39. He ….. a sum of money every week for his old age.
(A) sets up (C) sets along
(B) sets in (D) sets aside
 40. He fell in love with her at first ……
(A) scene (C) view
(B) sight (D) look
For each of the following phrases, four suggested explanations
meaning are given, only one of which is correct. Choose one.
41. We have something in common.
(A) We’re partners (C) We like each other
(B) We’re both ordinary (D) In one way, we’re similar
42. The wedding’s off.
(A) The marriage has been cancelled

Р
(B) The marriage ceremony has started

УИ
(C) The bridge and bridegroom are on their way to the honeymoon
(D) They are going to get a divorce
43. I’m fed up with it.
(A) I’ve had enough to eat (C) I’m tired of it

БГ
(B) I’m getting fat (D) I’m worn out
44. That’s all for the best.
(A) Everything about it is perfect
а
(B) It’s finished happily in spite of everything
(C) The others will have to wait
ек

(D) It’s an advantage, under the circumstances

45. I wouldn’t take it for granted.
т

(A) I’d prefer to pay for it

(B) I wouldn’t assume that it is well
(C) I wouldn’t accept it at any price
ио

(D) I don’t trust it

TEST 9
бл

Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct.

“I can’t understand ..1…”” Mark said. “The couple had lived in this
house for a long time. Their relatives lived next door to them and in
Би

another ..2… Hadley, the ..3.., called in to see them five minutes after the
postman delivered a letter. But they had already disappeared.”
The house ..4.. had ..5.. surprises for Mr. Bolton. It was exactly as he
had imagined it. ..6.. in the hall front room, but the kitchen and dining
room were clearly used ..7.. and possessed ..8… Someone without much
money, but ..9.. nice things, had lived there. He or she and he thought it
was probably she – had been generous, too …10.. her efforts to save, if
the packets of little things obviously bought at the door were anything to
go by. The thin detective ..11.. wandered through the house. There was
no sign of flight, packing, ..12.. violence. He looked at everything but ..13..
 seemed to interest him was a photograph ..14.. when the couple had got
married. It was an ordinary picture but he ..15.. it. Nora looked rather
frightened, and Alex, the husband, although he seemed determined, had
a worried expression. ..16.. smiled confidently.
“I don’t think Hadley is the sort of man who imagines things,” Mark
said. “When he says he felt the couple had been in the house that
morning. ..17… I believe him. But here’s another photograph of Alex. He
..18.. someone I knew in the army. ..19.. in normal circumstances but
..20.. quickly if necessary.” “They seem ..21.. just after the postman
called,” Bolton said. “I wonder if they won the football pools and the news
of their win ..22.. in the letter. They may have gone away quickly in case

Р
..23.. .Perhaps Alex knew his wife was generous and ..24.. a decision
..25.. the money with her relatives.”

УИ
1. (A) that which happened 7. (A) a great deal
(B) that which did happen (B) a big lot
(C) what did happen (C) much
(D) what happened

2. (A) house nearby

(B) near house
БГ(D) the most of the time

8. (A) its proper character

(B) a character of its own
а
(C) facing house (C) their proper character
ек

(D) house in the way (D) a character of their own

3. (A) wife brother 9. (A) which liked

т

(B) brother wife (B) who liked

(C) wife’s brother (C) what liked
(D) brother’s wife (D) to whom liked
ио

4. (A) by its own 10. (A) in spite of

(B) as itself (B) although
бл

(C) for itself (C) nevertheless

(D) itself (D) however
Би

5. (A) little 11. (A) with the glasses of horn rims

(B) a little (B) in the glasses of horn rims
(C) few (C) with the horn-rimmed glasses
(D) a few (D) of the horn-rimmed glasses

6. (A) It wasn’t much furniture 12. (A) or

(B) There wasn’t much furniture (B) nor
(C) They weren’t many furnitures (C) but
(D) There weren’t many furnitures (D) neither
13. (A) the only thing that 20. (A) able for acting
(B) the only thing what (B) was able to act
(C) the single thing what (C) capable to act
(D) the only which (D) capable of acting
14. (A) done 21. (A) to leave
(B) made (B) to be leaving
(C) caught (C) to have left
(D) taken (D) that they left
15. (A) did a careful study of
(B) made a careful study of 22. (A) was

Р
(C) did a careful study from (B) were
(C) it was

УИ
(D) made a careful study
from (D) they were

16. (A) The whole of the 23. (A) the rest of the family found out
relatives (B) the rest of the family would

БГ
(B) All relatives find out
(C) The relatives all (C) the others of the family found
(D) The relatives they all out
(D) the others of the family would
а
17. (A) as happy as never
find out
(B) as happy as ever
ек

(C) so happy as never

24. (A) should do
(D) so happy as ever
(B) should make
т

18. (A) remembers me of (C) had to do

(B) reminds me of (D) had to make
(C) remembers me to
ио

(D) reminds me to 25. (A) for not sharing

(B) in order to not share
19. (A) enough calm (C) so as not to share
бл

(B) so calmly (D) not to be shared

(C) calm enough
(D) just calmly
Би
 APPENDIX
ARTICLES WITH COUNTABLE NOUNS
Rule Article Example
I. Classifying function Sg. – a
(a) noun without attributes Pl. - Ø - He gave Kay an injection to make
her sleep.
(b) noun with a descriptive - Behind was an old garden? With few
attribute flowers but with fine trees.
II. Numeric function a - Within half an hour she was in
(the indefinite article retains hospital and remained there for over

Р
its original meaning of a month.
oneness).

УИ
III. GENERIC FUNCTION
1) equivalent in meaning to the a - A woman’s a much better traveling
pronouns “any”, “every”; companion than a man.
2) equivalent in meaning Pl. - Ø - Poets as known have always made a

БГ
great use of alliteration.
3) denotes the whole class of the - Man emerged from savagery merely
objects of the same kind. because he was fiercer than the tiger
(a) Sg. and more cunning than the ape.
а
Note: “Man” and often
“woman” in the generic
ек

sense have no article.

(b) Pl. (nationalities, social - I know of these romantic friendships
groups, schools in of the English and the Germans.
т

literature and art)

IV. Specifying function the
ио

Specification may be (Sg.&Pl.)

provided by:
(1) restrictive attribute - Bertha thought of the two months
бл

(a) post-modifying she had spent at Blackstable

(b) pre-modifying - I was afraid to say the wrong thing.
(2) reference to the preceding - There are two new girls. Stand up
Би

context. the two new girls.

(3) the situation - She jumped up and moved in haste
towards the door.
(4) the meaning of the nouns - The sun was pleasant, and there
(denoting unique objects) wasn’t cloud in the green-blue
Aquitaine sky.
Note: When some aspect or - The full moon shone down from an
phase of the object is meant, unclouded sky.
the indefinite article is used
within the rheme.
 ARTICLES WITH NOUNS USED PREDICATIVELY OR IN APPOSITION

Rule Article Example

I. In the classifying function: Sg. – a
- predicative Pl. - Ø - You’re a timid, helpless little thing.
- apposition - Her husband, a Roman prince had
been dead for a quarter of a century.
II. In the specifying function: the
- predicative - She might have become the woman
you expected her to be.

Р
- apposition - Agatha, the cook, had brought the
news up from the near – by village.

УИ
III. Peculiarities of the syntactic
function:
(1) when the noun denotes a Ø (occa- - His father had been head of the

БГ
position which is unique; sionally police in one of the smaller towns of
‘the’) Austria.
(2) when the noun denotes a - I hate to remind you that I’m the
relationship and is modified editor.
а
by of – phrase:
(a) the usual variant the - It would be thrilling to be the wife of
ек

the Governor of Bengal.

(b) the idea of more than one a - He was a son of a fisherman.
relation of the kind is
т

emphasized
(c) the social position of the Ø - She was daughter of a retired general.
ио

person is emphasized;
(3) when the idea of quality or Ø - She’s fool enough to spend her
state predominates in the money on him.
бл

predicative noun over the

idea of thingness;
(4) when the predicative noun Ø - Countrywoman though she was, her
opens a clause of concession talent lay in getting money out of
Би

(literary style). people rather than vegetables.

 ARTICLES WITH MATERIAL NOUNS
Rule Article Example
Basic rule: Ø - Blood is thicker than water.
I. When modified by a descriptive Ø - He brought cold beef, French bread
attribute; and fresh butter.
II. When a portion is specified by the - The meat they had been brought was
a restrictive attribute, the tough.
situation or the context; - The milk has turned sour.
III. Material uncounts turn into
countable nouns when they

Р
denote:
(1) sorts of food products or - There are good cheeses (teas) in this

УИ
materials shop.
(2) a portion of food or drink - We ordered a coffee, two ices and a
salad.
(3) an object made of a certain - a glass of orange juice; a tin of

БГ
material. sardines;
ARTICLES WITH ABSTRACT UNCOUNTS
Rule Article Example
а
1 2 3
Basic rule: Ø - He is a young man of sense of
ек

character, of temper, and of fortune.

I. When a notion is specified by a the - Fanny was confused, but it was the
restrictive attribute, the confusion of discontent.
т

situation or context.
II. When modified by a descriptive a
ио

attribute:
(a) pre-modifier - It was an aesthetic education to live
within those walls.
бл

(b) post modifier - He turned on her with an anger which she

had never seen in him before.
(c) “certain”, “peculiar” - She listened to his words with a
peculiar intensity.
Би

Exceptions to Rule III: Ø

The indefinite article is not used:
(1) if the adjective denotes:
degree - I’m in absolute despair.
time - They talked of modern poetry.
authenticity - It gives me sincere satisfaction.
national characteristics - They talked of literature and Roman
history.
geographical characteristics - It’s three o’clock by Moscow time.
 1 2 3
social characteristics - He was disillusioned in bourgeois
philosophy.
(2) with the nouns: advice, fun, - It was quite hideous peasant work.
health, information, luck, - I am not going to give you fatherly
news, permission, progress, advice.
space, weather, work.
(3) if the “adj + noun” preceded - She looked down with fresh shame.
by a preposition functions
adverbially or atrributively
the article may be dropped.

Р
ARTICLES WITH PROPES NAMES

УИ
Rule Art. Example
I. Proper names without attributes:
(1) basic rule Ø - Laura and Linda exchanged
concerned glances.

БГ
(2) a number of people of the same the - The Marchmains have lived apart
name (family) since the war.
(3) a representative of a family a - How did you know I was a Rush?
II. When specified by a restrictive the - I had changed from the Lallie he had
а
attribute, the situation or context. known in autumn.
III. When modified by descriptive
ек

attributes:
(1) peculiar or temporary quality the - She was becoming the calm and
(familiar information); confident Bo again.
т

- They took no notice of the sleeping

Charles.
ио

(2) unusial aspect or phase (new a - This was a Rowley she had never
information) known existed .
(3) old, young, poor, dear, honest, Ø - You don’t approve of poor
бл

lazy, little, simple Thornton?

(4) certain (also implied) a - There was a certain Lord Henry there.
- I learned all this from a Mr. Smith.
Би

IV. Noun + Proper name the - the playwriter Shaw, the girl Megan,
the dog Montmorency
but: rank/title/family relationship Ø - Captain Nichols leaned forward
+ proper name Professor Jones; Aunt Polly.
V. Proper names may be used as Ø - They drove out in an old Ford.
common nouns (see the rules: a, - I know I am not unusual. I am not a
articles with countable nouns) the Helen of Troy or a Cleopatra.
VI. Names of family relationship are Ø - Mother is still resting.
treated as proper names by the
members of the family.
 ARTICLES WITH PLACE NAMES
Rule Article Example
1 2 3
I. Similar to name of persons: Ø
(a) names of continents even with - (North) America; (Central)
most Australia;
premodifying (Medieval) Europe
adjectives)
(b) names of countries - (Modern) Brazil;
But: the Argentine, (the) (West) Scotland

Р
Lebanon, the Netherlands,
the Ukraine

УИ
Also: countries whose name - the Federal German Republic, the
contains a common noun United States of America
(c) names of counties, states, - (industrial) Yorkshire (Southern)
provinces Texas

БГ
But: the Caucasus, the
Crimea, the Midwest, the
Ruhr, the Saar
(d) Names of cities and - (ancient) Rome, (subburban) London
а
towns
But: the Hague
ек

Also: parts of the city - the Bronx, the City, the East End,
the West End.
(e) names of lakes - Lake Windermere, Silver Lake
т

But: the Lake of Geneva

(f) names of mountain peaks - Mount Everest, Vesuvius
ио

Note: The use of the article - In the England of his youth they
may vary under would have called him a
circumstances gentleman.
бл

- It seemed a different London,

more vivacious, more noisy
II. Traditional Usage: the
Би

(a) plural geographical names - the Midlands, the Netherlands,

(areas, groups of islands, the Bahamas, the Himalayas
mountain ranges);
(b) waters (oceans, seas, - the Pacific (Ocean), the Baltic
rivers, canals, channels) (Sea), the Rhine, the Suez
(Canal), the Kattegat
(c)deserts - the Sahara
(d) public institutions:
- hotels and restaurants - the Savoy, the Hilton
- theatres, cinemas, clubs - the Globe, the Odeon
 1 2 3
But: Drury Lane, Covent
Garden
- museums, libraries - the Tate, the British Museum
III. Noun + Common Name Ø - Piccadily Circus, Madison
Denoting buildings, streets, Avenue, Park Lane, Portland
bridges, etc. Place, Westminster Abbey,
But: the Albert Hall, the Tower Bridge, Kennedy Airport,
Mansion House, the Oxford Street, London
Haymarket, the Mall, the University
Strand (Streets in London) But: the University of London

Р
USE OF SIMPLE, OR INDEFINITE FORMS

УИ
(NON-PERFECT, NON-CONTINUOUS)
I. To denote: 1. That’s where she lives. 2. The Often with durative
1. Actions of general house stood on the hill. 3. She’ll verbs (live, work, walk,
character, permanent make a good wife. 4. She said study, sit, stand, sleep,

БГ
characteristics she would teach History. etc.)
2. Repeated, habitual 1. The postman calls every day. With adverbs and
actions 2. She usually took the 1st morning adverbial expressions of
train. 3. I hope you’ll write frequency (always,
а
regularly. 4. I knew she would often, sometimes, never,
ек

see him as often as she could. every day, etc.).

3. General statements, 1. Light travels more quickly Usually present or
universal truths than sound. 2. Water will boil future.
0
т

at 100 Centigrade. 3. No
gentleman will remain seated
with a lady standing.
ио

4. Concrete actions, 1. She came and stood by the Usually past and future.
simple facts. A window. 2. When did she go? Often with adverbs and
succession of actions. Where did you buy your hat? expressions “yesterday,
бл

3. I’ll look in again later on. 4. last week, a month ago,

She said she would come when tomorrow, next month,
the film was over. in a week”, etc.
Би

5. An action in 1. I hear a knock at the door. 2. With statal verbs (of

progress at a definite I don’t understand you. She sense perception, mental
moment: sipped the coffee. She thought activity, etc.).
a) With verbs not it tasted horrible.
used in the 1. Why do you speak so fast? Often in questions.
Continuous form 2. She sat in the garden after With durative verbs.
b) When attention is lunch.
focused on the fact, 3. I declare tomorrow a holiday. In declarations,
not duration 4. I offer you my help. announcements, etc.
II. Present Simple
may be used to denote
a future action:
1) Usually scheduled 1. The President leaves for With verbs of motion
or expected Europe tomorrow. 2. What do
we do next? 3. Where do we go In special questions.
now? 4. When do they start?
2) In adverbial clauses 1. You’ll change your mind when In reported speech the
of time, of condition you grow older. 2. If you want past form denotes an action
and concession me, just call. 3. Whatever happens viewed as future from a
we must keep her out of this. moment in the past.

Р
III. Present Simple
may be used to denote

УИ
a past action:
1) In a vivid narrative She arrives full of life and “Historic”, or “dramatic”
of past events. spirit. And about a quarter of Present.
an hour later she sits down in a

БГ
chair, says she doesn’t feel
well, gasps a bit and dies.
2) In conversation, to 1 I hear you have got married.
stress, that the speaker 2. I forget how old he is.
With the verbs “learn,
tell, hear, forget”; with
а
knows smth. (or has the meaning of Present
ек

forgotten smth). Perfect.

3) In newspaper 1. Dog Saves its Master.
headlines, summaries 2. Then Fleur meets Jon. They
т

of plots, etc. fall in love.

IV. Past Simple may 1. Did you wish to see me to- Suggesting politeness
denote an action night? and respect.
ио

referring to the 2.I wondered if you were free Also “was wondering”.
present this evening.
бл

USE OF CONTINUOUS FORMS (NON-PERFECT)

I. To denote: 1. Why are you crying? Is Often with adverbs and

Би

1. An action in progress at something wrong? 2. What adverbial expressions

a given moment. were you doing at 7 p.m. “now, then, at that time,
yesterday? 3. Don’t at 7 o’clock, at present”.
telephone after 8. I’ll be Time is also indicated
having a dinner party. 4. I by the adverbial clause.
felt that in a moment we
should be talking soberly
like two old acquaintances.
2. An action characteristic 1. I’m seeing a lot of Joan In contrast to earlier and
of a period of time. these days. 2. It happened later periods (actions
while I was living in and situations are
Eastborne last year. 3. I’ll temporary).
be packing all day
tomorrow. 4. He said he
would be working in the
garden from 9 till 12.
3. An action characteristic 1. She’s forever Emotionally coloured.
of a person, happening complaining about With adverbs and
frequently to the something. 2. As I adverbial expressions
annoyance (real or ironic) remember her she was “always/ forever, all the

Р
of the speaker. always fussing over time”.
something.

УИ
II. Present Continuous
may be used to denote a
future action. In reported
speech Past Continuous is
used to denote an action
viewed as future from a
certain moment in the
past:
БГ
а
1. Action planned or 1. We are dining out Often with verbs of
ек

settled tonight. motion. With adverbs and

2. She said she was leaving adverbial expressions
in a week. “tomorrow, next week,
т

this afternoon”, etc.

2. In adverbial clauses of 1. If he’s working when I
time and condition. come, I’ll work. 2. She said
ио

she would stay in the car

while I was talking to the
nurse.
бл

III. Past Continuous

may be used to make a I was wondering if you’d Also “I wondered”.
request or suggestion like to come out with me With verbs “wonder,
Би

more polite and less one evening. hope, think”.

definite.
IV. Future Continuous
may be used:
1. to denote an action, 1. I’ll be seeing you
which is fixed or decided. tomorrow. 2. He’ll be
In reported speech Future- coming home soon. 3. She
Continuous-in-the-Past is mentioned that Jack would
used. be calling the very next day.
2. as a polite way of 1. Will you be using the car
asking about somebody tomorrow? If not, can I
plans borrow it?
NON-CONTINUOUS AND CONTINUOUS FORMS COMPARED
I. With:
1. Durative verbs. 1. When I came in he sat in the
corner.
2. When I came in he was sitting in
the corner.
1. We are living here for a month. Little difference in

Р
(now, temporarily). meaning.

УИ
2. We live here for a month.
(regularly, every summer).
2. Link – verbs. 1. I feel fine this morning. Little difference in
2. I’m feeling fine this morning. meaning.

БГ
3. Statal verbs. 1. I think he is right. Difference of lexical
2. I’m thinking it over. meaning.
II. To express:
1. Future actions, 1. When do we start? Often with reference
а
already determined. to timetables.
2. The Prime Minister arrives here Formal style.
ек

tomorrow (Newspaper headline).

The Browns are coming to dinner. Informal conversation.
2. Polite request or 1. I wondered if you were Little difference in
т

suggestion. 2. I was wondering free this evening meaning.

3. Parallel actions. 1. I was preparing dinner while she In complex sentences
ио

was tidying the room. with adverbial clauses

2. As he spoke he walked up and of time, introduced by
down. “as, while”. Duration
бл

3. While we dined the band was is expressed lexically.

playing. Repetition of Continuous
4. The band played while we were forms is usually avoided.
dining.
Би

PERFECT FORMS (NON-CONTINUOUS)

1. An action completed 1. I can’t go on holiday Often with adverbs of
before a definite moment because I’ve broken my indefinite time “never,
and connected with leg. (=My leg is broken). ever, before, yet, already”
moment in results or 2. I haven’t read the letter referring a past
consequences. yet. (=I don’t know the occurrence to a present
contents). 3. I’ve been all context. The fact, not the
over Africa (=I know it). time is important.
 4. He wasn’t exactly the
stranger. I had met him
several times before. 5. I
could see from his face
that he had received bad
news. 6. When I do come
again I hope your English
will have improved. 7. He
realized he would have
accomplished his task
long before midnight.

Р
2. An action begun before 1. We’ve known each other With statal and durative
a definite moment and for a long time. 2. I’ve lived in verbs. Present Perfect is

УИ
continued into or up to it. Greece since 1972. 3. He had often used with adverbs
been away for some months and adverbial expressions
before his first letter came. “so far, recently, lately,
4. When we first met she all my life”, prepositions

БГ
had lived in the country
for 2 years. 5. She will
have been in your service
15 years next year.
“for, since”.
а
3. A series of repeated 1. I’ve seen him often
ек

actions within a period lately. 2. She had not

preceding a definite looked at him once since
moment. they sat down.
т

4. Present Perfect Week adverbial

may be used to denote: 1. I’ve seen her today. expressions “today, this
a) an action completed 2. She’s returned from week (month) year”, etc.
ио

within a period of time England this week.

which is not yet over at
the moment of speaking.
бл

b) a future action (in 1. Wait till I’ve written In adverbial clauses of

reported speech Past Perfect the notice. time and condition.
is used to denote an action 2. I felt sure he would
Би

viewed as future from a come when he had said

certain moment in the past) his say.
 a) PAST NON-PERFECT AND PRESENT PERFECT COMPARED
1. With adverbial 1. I’ve had a splitting The period mentioned is
expressions denoting a headache. this morning not over.
period of time. (said in the morning).
2. I had a bad headache The period is over.
this morning. (said in the
afternoon)
3. I was late today. A fixed time is meant.
2. In conversations 1. Have you seen him? The speaker is interested
Present Perfect is often 2. I’ve been all over in the fact, not in the time

Р
used to open up Africa. or circumstances.
conversations and to 3. When did you see him? Reference to a definite

УИ
introduce a new topic. 5 minutes ago. time or definite
4. I was all over Africa in circumstances.
1967.
5. a) Where have I put my

БГ
keys? (=Where are they now?)
b) Where did I put my
keys? (At a certain
moment in the past.)
а
6. – When did he come? In questions beginning
– He came just now. with “when” only last
ек

– He has just come. Simple is used.

3. To give news (British 1. Lucy just called. American.
and American English) 2. Lucy has just called. British.
т

4. In sentences with 1. We’ve known each Past Simple denotes the

subordinate clauses other since we were starting point.
ио

introduced by “since”. children.

2. I’ve loved you since Parallel actions.
I’ve know you.
бл

3. It’s ten years since she Note the use of Present

left me. Simple in the structures:
It’s a long time since…
Би

b) PAST NON-PERFECT AND PAST PERFECT COMPARED

5. In adverbial clauses 1. After he left the house he Past Simple may be used
of time, introduced by recollected he hadn’t locked instead of Past Perfect, as
“before, after”. the door. priority is expressed
2. After they had left the lexically.
room together he thought he
heard a soft voice singing.
6. In narration. 1. He had closed the A completed action and
window and was sitting an action in progress.
reading a newspaper.
2. He closed the window, A succession of past
sat down and began reading actions.
a newspaper.
PERFECT CONTINUOUS FORMS
1. Action begun before 1. It has been raining since midnight.
a definite moment and 2. Have you been crying?

Р
continued into or up to 3. When she arrived I had been waiting for 2 hours.
this moment. 4. We had been smoking in silence for some time when

УИ
he spoke.
5. I’ll have been teaching 20 years this summer.
6. He wrote to me that by the end of July they would
have been living at the seaside for a month.

БГ
2. Actions in progress 1. I’ve been reading some of your poetry. It’s not bad.
or repeated actions 2. I’ve been thinking over your offer but still I can’t tell
within a period of time you anything definite.
preceding a definite 3. My brother has been using my bicycle and has got the
а
moment. tyre punctured.
4. We’ve been seeing a lot of Henry and Diana recently.
ек

PERFECT NON-CONTINUOUS AND PERFECT CONTINUOUS FORMS

COMPARED
т

With: 1. a) I’ve been living in Sally’s flat More temporary.

1. durative verbs, statal for the last month.
ио

verbs (a number of b) My parents have lived in Bristol More permanent.

statal verbs are not used all their lives.
in the Continuous 2. a) I haven’t been working very A shorter period.
бл

aspect: I have known well recently.

him for years. I have b) He hasn’t worked for years. A longer period.
always liked him.)
Би

2. verbs of double 1. a) I’ve been reading your book. Incompletion.

nature b) I’ve read your book. Completion.
3. terminative verbs 1. a) I have been meeting her at the Repeated actions.
library.
b) I have met her at the library. A single action.
 DIFFERENT MEANS OF EXPRESSING FUTURE ACTIONS COMPARED
To express:
1) predictions: 1. I think it’ll rain this evening. (=Something will happen)
a) future 2. You’ll always be a failure. The emphasis is on the
simple and “to future event. Formal.
be going to” 3. I think it’s going to rain this evening. (=Something is going to
happen because we see it
coming, we have
“present evidence”).
4. You are always going to be a failure. The emphasis is on the

Р
present indications of the
future event. Informal.

УИ
b) future 1. Your marriage will never fail if you When conditions are
simple keep buying her flowers. mentioned.
2) intentions 1. The phone is ringing. I’ll take it. Decision made at the
a) future simple 2. Will you give me a hand? moment of speaking.

БГ
and “to be (=Please decide now…)
going to”. 3. – We’ve run out of bread. Decision made before.
– It’s on my list. I’m going to buy a loaf.
4. Are you going to give me a hand?
а
(=Have you decided).
ек

b) future simple 1. When will you visit us again? A question about the
and future 2. When will you be visiting us again? listener’s intentions.
continuous To refer to a future event
т

which will take place “as

a matter of course”. A
ио

question about the time

of the next visit.
бл

3) future events 1. I’m going to be a doctor. Determination, strong

resulting from resolution.
a present plan, 2. I’m going to play tennis this Intention.
Би

programme, afternoon.
arrangement 3. We are inviting several people to a Part of a plan or
party. arrangement.
a) “to be going 4. I’m playing tennis this afternoon.
to” and present 5. Are you coming to the pub?
continuous 6. Where are you going (to go) for your With verbs of motion.
holidays?
b) present 1) George is leaving at 6 o’clock Part of a plan.
continuous, tomorrow.
present 2) The ship leaves at 6 o’clock According to a fixed
simple, “to be tomorrow. timetable.
to” 3) The Prime Minister is to speak on TV To report an official plan
tonight. or decision.
c) present 1) I hope you have a nice time in Spain After “hope, bet”.
simple next week.

TENSE ASPECT. ORDER (CORRELATION)

Р
Categories, denoting time and character of the action.
CATEGORY MEANING FORMS

УИ
TENSE Relation to the moment of speaking. Present/Past; Future/Future-
in-the-
Past

БГ
ASPECT Character of the action Continuous/Non-Continuous
(Common)

ORDER Relation to a definite moment, Perfect/Non-Perfect

а
action or situation.
ек

Forms, denoting time and character of the action.

Aspect Simple, or
т

& Indicative,
order Non-
Continuous, Continuous (Non- Perfect Perfect Continuous
ио

Tense Non-Perfect Perfect) (Non-Cntinuous)

Present works is writing has worked has been working
Past worked has working had worked had been working
бл

Future will work will be working will have worked will have been working
Future-
in-the- would work would be working would have worked would have been working
Би

Past
THE PASSIVE VOICE
Formation: to be + Participle II
Correlation: Non-Perfect Perfect
Aspect Common Continuous Common Continuous
PRESENT is made is being made has been made --
PAST was made was being made had been made --
FUTURE will be made -- will have been made --
 EXAMPLES:

1. The Present Indefinite A new is made in our every

experiment laboratory month
2. The Past Indefinite A new was made in our last week
experiment laboratory
3. The Future Indefinite A new will be in our next week
experiment made laboratory
4. The Present Continuous A new is being in our now
experiment made laboratory
5. The Past Continuous A new was being in our all day long

Р
experiment made laboratory yesterday
6. The Present Perfect A new has been in our this week

УИ
experiment made laboratory
7. The Past Perfect A new had been in our by 4
experiment made laboratory o’clock

БГ
yesterday
8. The Future Perfect A new will have in our before the
experiment been made laboratory professor
comes
а
REPORTED SPEECH:
ек

CHANGES IN REPORTED SPEECH

Direct Speech Reported Speech
т

Present Simple he said (that)… Past Simple

“I know about it”. he knew about.
ио

Present Continuous Past Continuous

“I’m writing a test”. he was writing a test.
бл

Present Perfect Past Perfect

“I’ve bought a car”. he had bought a car.
Би

Past Simple Past Perfect

“I saw the film”. he had seen the film.

Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous

“I was waiting for Ann”. he had been waiting for Ann.

Past Perfect Past Perfect

“I had done it by 9”. he had done it by 9.
Person: I he/she
my his/her
Place: here there, at the flat
Time: now then, at the time
today that day before, on Monday, etc
yesterday the day before, the previous day
tomorrow the next/following day, on Saturday, etc
this week that week
last week the week before, the previous week
an hour ago an hour before/earlier

Р
MODAL VERBS
THE MODAL VERB CAN/COULD

УИ
Meaning Forms of the modal verb Ways of Sentence patterns
rendering in
Russian
1 2 3 4

БГ
1. Ability, can (can’t) – the может He can perform
capability present tense; complicated operations.
could (couldn’t) – the мог He is a very skilful
past tense. могли surgeon. Can she swim
а
well? He could not feel
or hear anything.
ек

2. Possibility can (can’t) – the могу At a chemist’s shop you

due to present tense; может can get medicines of all
circumstances. could (couldn’t) – the мог kinds.
т

past tense. могли

3. can – the present tense; можешь The doctor said, “You
ио

a) Permission could – the past tense in можете can take long walks
reported speech. every morning.”
b) Request can могу ли я Can (could) you give me
бл

could (a polite request) не могли бы some medicine for my

вы headache?
c) Prohibition can’t нельзя You can’t visit him, he
Би

has an infectious
disease.
4. Unreality could – (Subjunctive II мог бы Why don’t you want the
form) могли бы doctor to come? He
could prescribe some
medicine to bring down
the fever (if he came).
You could have stayed
in bed for a few days. But
you didn’t.
 1 2 3 4
5. Uncertainty, can/could неужели Can (could) he be her
doubt, может ли husband?
astonishment быть, чтобы He is twice as old as she
is.
Can (could) she still be
running a high
temperature?
Can (could) he have
been operated on?
Can (could) they have

Р
been keeping to a diet for
a few years?

УИ
6. Incredulity, can’t couldn’t не может He can’t (couldn’t) be
improbability быть, чтобы; her husband.
невероятно, She can’t (couldn’t) still
чтобы; be running a high

БГ
вряд ли temperature.
He can’t (couldn’t)
have been operated on.
They can’t (couldn’t)
а
have been keeping to a
diet for a few years.
ек
т

7. For can/could (in present И что они… What can (could) you
emotional time contexts) И о чем know of such things?
colouring они… What can (could) they be
ио

И как он… speaking about?

И что это How can (could) you
она… have made such a
бл

mistake?
What can (could) he have
been doing all this time?
Би
 THE MODAL VERB MAY/MIGHT

Meaning Forms of the modal verb Ways of Sentence patterns

rendering
in Russian
1 2 3 4
1. a) Permission a) May – the present tense можешь, a) I have got two
можете historical novels.
So you may take one of
them.
b) Might – the past tense b) Mother said you might

Р
take some oranges.
b) Request a) May – the present tense можно, a) May I see him in the

УИ
может hospital on Tuesday?
b) Might – the past tense b) He asked me if he
might rest for an hour.
c) Might – Subjunctive II не могли c) Might I spend the

БГ
бы вы weekend with you?
c) Prohibition May not не смей, - May I have a look at the
нельзя, ни picture?
в коем - No, you may not. I
а
случае don’t want you to.
ек

2. Possibility due a) May – the present tense можешь, a) Let’s meet at 5 o’clock
to circumstances. могли at the post-office if the
place and time are
т

convenient to everybody.
We may get there by bus.
b) Might – the past tense b) He said he might get
ио

to work by the Metro.

3. Unreality Might – Subjunctive II мог бы, If he had arrived an hour
могли бы earlier, he might have
бл

had a good night’s rest.

Luckily I didn’t join them
in their walk. It was very
Би

windy and I might have

caught a cold.
4. Disapproval Might – Subjunctive II мог бы, Your child is shivering
or reproach могли бы with cold. You might be
more attentive to him. Tell
him to put on his jacket.
You answered his
invitation with a cold
refusal. You might have
invited me to this lecture.
 1 2 3 4
5. Supposition may/might возможно, She looks pale. She may
implying doubt, может (might) be ill, but I think
uncertainty быть she may (might) not have
a high temperature.
I think the doctor may
(might) be examining the
patient now.
Nick is missing today. He
may (might) have been
taken ill.

Р
She may have been
staying in bed for a week.

УИ
THE MODAL VERB MUST

Meaning Forms of the Ways of Sentence patterns

БГ
modal verb rendering in
Russian
1. Obligation, necessity must – in present должен If you have a new heart attack you
with no freedom of or future time must be taken to hospital. What
choice or from the contexts; in past must he do to keep fit?
а
speaker’s point of view. time contexts in He said he must go to the dentist.
ек

Indirect Speech
2. Prohibition mustn’t не должен, Students mustn’t stay away from classes
нельзя without a good reason.
3. Emphatic request or must должен You mustn’t miss the film. It’s worth
т

advice. mustn’t while seeing it. You must drop in at

the chemist’s on your way home.
4. Supposition must вероятно, He must be too old to wander about
ио

implying assurance, должно быть, the city so long.

strong probability. наверное, по- They must be admiring the beautiful
видимому, flowers in Hyde Park now.
бл

очевидно, по They must have been watching

всей вероятности swans and ducks floating on the pond
for an hour.
She must have got used to their
Би

customs and traditions.

5. Supposition implying may/might возможно, She looks pale. She may (might) be
doubt uncertainty может быть ill, but I think she may (might) not
have a high temperature.
I think the doctor may (might) be
examining the patient now.
Nick is missing today. He may
(might) have been taken ill.
She may have been staying in bed
for a week.
 THE MODAL VERB TO HAVE (GOT) TO
Meaning Forms of the modal verb Ways of Sentence patterns
rendering in
Russian
1. Obligation, have (has) to; had to; приходится,If you don’t take care of
necessity shall (will) to; have должен, yourself, you’ll have to
arising out of (has) got to (in colloquial вынужден consult a doctor.
circumstances English) I wondered how long I
Do (does) … have to? had to stay in hospital.
Did … have to … ? Do you have to pay for

Р
Have (has) … got to …? medical care?
(coll.) Did you have to wait

УИ
for us?
Have I got to wake him
up for the medicine?
2. Absence of don’t (doesn’t) have to; не нужно, нет You don’t have to stay

БГ
necessity didn’t have to; haven’t необходимос in here with me, if it
(hasn’t) got to ти bothers you.

THE MODAL VERB TO BE TO

а
Meaning Forms of the Ways of rendering in Sentence patterns
ек

modal verb Russian

1. Obligation, am (is, are) to; должен Today I am to go to the post office.
arising out of a was (were) to; должны When are you to go there?
т

plan, an Yesterday I was to have

arrangement gone to the post office to
ио

send a parcel, but I wasn’t

able to. (a planned action
was not carried out)
бл

2. An order, an - “- - “- If your letter contains anything

instruction valuable you are to register it.
3. Possibility - “- можно A letter marked “Post Restante” is
to be left at the post office
Би

until it is called for.

Where are postal orders to
be cashed?
Such envelopes aren’t to be
bought anywhere.
4. Something - “- суждено I didn’t know when I was to
thought of as get a letter from her.
unavoidable I still hoped to get a letter from
her, but it wasn’t to be.
 THE MODAL VERBS SHOULD AND OUGHT TO
Meaning Forms of the Ways of rendering Sentence patterns
modal verb in Russian
1. Obligation should нужно You ought to/should help your
weakened to the shouldn’t следует friend. He is in trouble. You
sense of advice, Should I …? следовало should/ought to be getting ready
desirability. ought to for your report.
oughtn’t to You ought to/should have
Ought I to …? changed for the Underground.
Oxford Street is far away from here.

Р
He oughtn’t to/shouldn’t have left
London without visiting Hyde Park.

УИ
2. Instructions, should нужно This preposition should be
corrections. shouldn’t следует pronounced with a neutral sound
Should I …? in an unstressed position.
You should take this medicine

БГ
three times a day before your meals.
3. Disapproval, should следует You ought to/should be speaking
reproach for shouldn’t следовало бы more clearly. You oughtn’t
failing to do what ought нужно to/shouldn’t have allowed him to
а
was one’s duty or oughtn’t нужно бы go out so early after his illness.
moral obligation.
ек

4. Supposition should должно быть This dish ought to/should be very

implying Shouldn’t очевидно delicious as it has been prepared by
probability. ought to вероятно Mother. This dish is very delicious.
т

oughtn’t to It ought to/should have been

prepared by Mother.
ио

5. Emotional Should I? Why should I?

colouring Why should you help him?
How should I know?
бл

THE MODAL VERBS SHALL

Meaning Forms of the Sentence patterns
modal verb
Би

1 2 3
1. Asking for Shall I? Shall I read the article again?
instructions. Shall he (she, Shall he (she, they) start speaking on the
they)? topic?
2. Compulsion or you You shall stop reading fiction books at
strict order. he shall your lectures.
she He shan’t prevent us from working at the
it shan’t problem.
they
 1 2 3
3. Threat warning. you Tell him he shall be punished for his
he shall behavior.
she You shall fail at the exam if you don’t
it shan’t work had.
they
4. Promise. you Don’t worry, you shall have a minute’s
he shall rest before the meeting begins.
she
it shan’t
they

Р
THE MODAL VERBS NEED

УИ
Meaning Forms of the Ways of rendering in Russian Sentence patterns
modal verb
1. Necessity need Необходимо, нужно Need I answer this question?
2. Absence needn’t 1. нет необходимости, не The teacher needn’t explain

БГ
of necessity. нужно such simple things. The pupils
2. зря, незачем было, не надо know them.
было
THE MODAL VERBS WILL (WOULD)
а
Meaning Forms of the Ways of Sentence patterns
ек

modal verb rendering in

Russian
1 2 3 4
т

1. Volition I will (would) хочу (желаю) I will tell him about your
(willingness, I won’t не желаю coming, so he can meet you.
readiness, (wouldn’t) не допущу I’ve often spoken at public
ио

consent, We will (would) не позволю meetings but this time I won’t.

intention, We won’t You may come if you will, but
determination). (wouldn’t) you won’t find the meeting
бл

amusing.
I said I would take part in the
conference.
Би

2. a) Persistence will (would) все равно The teacher scolds her for
or refusal to won’t (wouldn’t) (делает), whispering at the lesson,
perform an won’t упорно but she will whisper.
action. wouldn’t отказывается, I asked him to tell me the
b) Refusal to will (would) никак не, truth, but he wouldn’t.
perform an продолжает I couldn’t explain anything
action with (делать) because the words
lifeless things. wouldn’t come.
He tried hard to stop the
car, but it would move.
 1 2 3 4
3. Requests will Will you pass me the salt?
(polite requests, would Would you come to tea this
polite afternoon?
invitations and Will you have another cup
suggestions). of tea?
4. Habitual or will (the present обычно That romantic girl will sit
recurrent tense) (not бывало starting at the night sky.
actions. common) He would fish for hours
would (the past without catching anything.
tense) (literary style)

Р
THE INFINITIVE

УИ
THE FORMS OF THE INFINITIVE
Correlation Voice Active Passive

БГ
Aspect
Non-Perfect Common to write to be written
Continuous to be writing -
Perfect Common to have written to have been written
Continuous to have been writing -
а
Syntactical Functions of the Infinitive
ек

Types of Functions Examples

Subject: To expect too much is a dangerous thing. It’s nice
т

to see you again.

Predicative: To see her was to admire her.
ио

Part of the Predicative: He is hard to deal with.

Part of a Compound I began (continued, ceased) to understand them.
Verbal Predicate: He seemed to read my thoughts.
бл

He is said to have returned at last.

Object: They decided to begin at once.
Attribute: Now I had nothing to think about.
Би

Adverbial Modifier:
a) of purpose: Then I went upstairs to stay good-bye to Emily.
He stopped to talk to some guy.
b) of result or consequence: I was too busy to see anyone.
c) of attendant circumstances: She was driven away, never to revisit this
neighbourhood.
d) of comparison: It is much more pleasant to give than to be given.
e) of condition: To touch it one would believe that it was the best
of furs.
Parenthesis: To speak the truth, he was not up to the mark.
 THE SUBJECTIVE INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTION

is used Forms of the Examples Notes

Infinitive
I. With transitive verbs 1) The particle ‘to’ is
in the Passive Voice obligatory both in this
1. of sense perception non-perfect The rider was seen to case and after the
(to see, to hear, etc.) disappear in the verb ‘to make’ (see p.3).
distance. 2) If a process is
expressed Participle

Р
I Active is used, e.g.
Father was heard

УИ
speaking to somebody.
2. of mental activity any form The manuscript is
(to think, to consider, believed to have been
to know, to expect, to written in the 16th

БГ
believe, to suppose, etc.) century.
3. with the verb ‘to non-perfect He was made to work
make’ active as a common worker.
4. with the verbs ‘to any form They are said to have
а
say’ and ‘to report’ reached the
destination.
ек

II. With intransitive

verbs in the Active
Voice. (pairs of
т

synonyms:
to seem – to appear any form He seemed to understand
ио

to happen – to chance non-perfect everything. Only

to prove – to turn out more yesterday I happened
preferable to see your brother.
бл

III. With Phrases of non-perfect This event is certain As a rule the action
Modal meaning to produce a sensation. expressed by the
to be (un)likely, His article is unlikely Infinitive refers to
Би

to be sure, to be published in the the future.

to be certain. near future.
 THE OBJECTIVE WITH THE INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTION

Is used Forms of Examples Notes

the Inf.
1 2 3 4
I. requiring the
Infinitive with the
particle ‘to’
1) of mental activity any form, I believe Jane to
(to think, to suppose, but be a capable
to consider, to believe, non-perfect pupil.

Р
to know, to find, to more I suppose the
expect, to imagine, to frequent house to have

УИ
understand, to assume, been built years
to feel, to trust, etc.) ago.

2) of wish and non-perfect She desired me

БГ
intention (to wish, to active and to follow her
want, to desire, to passive upstairs.
choose, to prefer, I didn’t mean it
should/would like, to to be told to her.
а
intend, to mean, etc.)
ек

3) of attitude (feeling non-perfect I cannot bear

and emotion) active and you to speak in
(to like, to dislike, to passive this tone.
т

love, to hate, to cannot I hate him to be

bear, etc.) flogged.
4) of declaring any form, Everybody
ио

(to declare, to report,but non- pronounced him

to pronounce) perfect to be a complete
more failure.
бл

frequent
5) of inducement non-perfect She wouldn’t If the infinitive is active,
(order and permission) passive only allow the child’s it doesn’t form a
Би

(to order, to command, life to be risked. complex with the

to ask, to allow, to preceding noun/pronoun.
suffer, to have, etc.) In this case the
noun/pronoun is a
indirect object the
Infinitive is a direct
object.
 1 2 3 4
6) of compulsion non-perfect The noise caused
(to cause, to compel, active and her to awake.
to force, to get, etc.) passive I cannot get her
to finish her
lessons.
II. Those that require
the bare Infinitive
(without the particle
‘to’)
1) of sense perception non-perfect, 6. If the meaning is

Р
(to see, to hear, to feel, only active passive Participle
to observe, to watch, II is used, e.g. We

УИ
to notice, etc.) saw the ship
unloaded in the
harbour.
2) If a process is

БГ
expressed Participle I is
used, e.g. I head the girl
crying.
3) If the verb ‘to see’ is
а
used in the meaning ‘to
ек

understand’, and the verb

‘to hear’ in the meaning
‘to learn’, ‘to be told’ a
т

subordinate clause is used,

e.g. I saw that she didn’t
realize the danger;
ио

e.g. I hear that your

brother left for Moscow.
2) of compulsion non-perfect The master made
бл

(to make, to have) active him work as a

cabin boy.
She had the maiden
Би

bring the breakfast.

The For-To-Infinitive Construction

Types of Syntactical Function Examples
1 2
1. Subject For us to spend the vacation with him was a
wonderful experience.
It was practically impossible for them to reach the
opposite bank.
 1 2
2. Predicative That is not for me to decide, that is for me to act.
3. Object I waited for the girl to approach.
Everybody was impatient for the performance to begin.
4. Attribute The best thing for you to do now is to leave.
There was nobody there for him to discuss things with.
5. Adverbial Modifier
a) of purpose: I left the message on the table for him to read.
b) of result or consequence The ice on the river was too thin for the boys to
skate.
She spoke loud enough for you to hear.

Р
THE PARTICIPLE

УИ
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES
PARTICIPLE I PARTICIPLE II

БГ
Voice Active Passive No Grammatical Categories
Correlation
Non-Perfect going - gone
taking being taken taken
а
Perfect having gone - faded
having taken having been taken
ек

SYNTACTICAL FUNCTIONS OF THE PARTICIPLE

т

Functions Participle I Participle II

1 2 3
1. Attribute (denoting a simultaneous action) It was a neatly written letter.
ио

It was a mixture consisting of oil Things seen are mightier than

and vinegar. things heard.
Let sleeping dogs lie. Greatly excited, the children
бл

followed her into the garden.

2. Adverbial
modifier:
Би

a) of time Standing on the corner of the stage, He won’t stop arguing, until
he went on as before. interrupted.
Being left alone, we kept silence
for some time.
Having written it, they thought of
what they were going to write next.
b) of reason Being a farmer, he has to get up Stirred by the beauty of the
early. twilight, he strolled away from
I turned back, not knowing where the hotel.
to go.
 1 2 3
c) of attendant Deb was silent, fidgeting with the
circumstances spoon in her saucer.
d) of manner He came in limping.
e) of comparison As if obeying him, I turned and “I get off the train,” I repeated
stared into his face. as if hypnotized.
f) of concession Though moving irregularly, the Though defeated, he remained
man was making quite a speed in a popular leader.
my direction.
g) of condition I shall give evidence on your

Р
behalf, if required.
3. Predicative The story is amusing. (non-perfect). The great idea is realized.

УИ
Jane remained standing. Everybody is gone.
4. Part of a I saw that young man talking to She has found me unaltered,
Complex Object. you on the stairs. but I’ve found her changed.
5. Part of a Jane was heard playing the piano.

БГ
Compound
Verbal
Predicate.
6. Independent Putting it mildly, she is not very
а
Element well-read.
(Parenthesis)
ек

PARTICIPIAL CONSTRUCTIONS
THE OBJECTIVE PARTICIPIAL CONSTRUCTION
т

Semantic Group of Verbs Participle I Participle II

ио

a) verbs of sense perception She could feel her He felt himself clutched by
(to see, to feel, to find, etc) hands trembling. the collar.
b) verbs of mental activity I consider myself engaged to
бл

(to consider, to understand) Mr. Rochester.

c) verbs of wish The government wants it
done quick.
d) verbs of causative I won’t have you Where did you have your hair
Би

meaning (to have, to get, to smoking at your age. done?

keep, to leave, to start, to set, Your words set me I have my task done. (to
etc.) thinking. emphasize the resulting state).

THE SUBJECTIVE PARTICIPIAL CONSTRIPTION

Participle I Participle II
With verbs of sense They were heard talking Their voices could be heard
perception. together. uplifted in clamorous argument.
 ABSOLUTE CONSTRUCTIONS
I. THE ABSOLUTE NOMINATIVE PARTICIPIAL CONSTRUCTIONS
Functions with Participle I with Participle II
An adverbial of: It being late, he bolted the
a) reason windows.
b) attendant circumstances Away go the two vehicles, She stood motionless,
horses galloping, boys her head bent, her
cheering, horns playing hands clasped before
loudly. her.
c) time The car having stopped, His tale told, he put his

Р
the boys jumped out onto head back and laughed.
the grass.

УИ
d) condition Weather permitting, we
shall start tomorrow.

II. THE ABSOLUTE NOMINATIOVE CONSTRUCTION

БГ
WITH NON-VERBALS
Parts of speech Adjective Adverb Noun with
Functions Preposition
а
An adverbial: She stood under the I waited every nerve
a) of attendant tree, her head full of upon the stretch.
ек

circumstance strange ideas.

b) of reason Her heart full of
despair, she could not
т

say a word.
c) of time Tea over, she All in the room, she
ио

summoned us to called in Molly.

the fire.
бл

III. PREPOSITIONAL ABSOLUTE CONSTRUCTIONS

FUNCTION – An adverbial of attendant circumstances.
Би

Parts of Speech Examples

1. Participle I With her heart beating fast, she went up and rang the bell.
2. Participle II She sat on the steps, with her arms crossed upon her knees.
3. Infinitive You’ll lose the last minutes, without someone to take care of
you.
4. Adjective I admired her, with love dead as a stone.
5. Adverb He turned away, with his hand still up.
6. Noun with He sat blot upright, with his hands on his knees.
Preposition
 THE FORMS OF THE GERUND
Correlation (order) ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE
NON-PERFECT Speaking being spoken
(simultaneous)
PERFECT having spoken having been spoken
(prior action)
THE DOUBLE NATURE OF THE GERUND
NOMINAL PROPERTIES VERBAL PROPERTIES
I. The Gerund can be used as 1. The Gerund can take a direct object.
1. subject I am bad at refusing people who ask for

Р
Dressing unaided was difficult. money.
2. predicative 2. It can be modified be an adverb.

УИ
What I hate is lying here all alone. I hate seeing sad films too often.

3. direct object 3. It has (a) tense and (b) voice

I remember being surprised by his distinctions

БГ
graceful fox-trot. a) Not understanding teenagers is the
4. prepositional object first sign of middle age.
Please don’t talk about going before Not having had anything to eat all day
seeing my photo-album. made me feel light-headed.
а
5. attribute b) It was only by sheer chance that the
I’m not really crying – it’s the shock of dog escaped being run over.
ек

seeing you again. He denied having been bribed.

II. It may be modified by:
1) a possessive pronoun
т

I’ll have to insist on his not disturbing

us before the end of the lesson.
ио

2) a noun in the Possessive Case

I’m ashamed of Mary’s having made
you unhappy.
бл

PECULIARITIES IN THE USE OF THE GERUND

Verbs taking Points of difference Examples
either Gerund or
Би

Infinitive
1 2 3
1. begin, start, With these verbs either infinitive or I began working or I began
continue, cease gerund may be used without any to work.
difference in meaning, but the infinitive is But I’m beginning to
more usual with verbs of knowing and understand (see, realize) why
understanding & the verbs ‘to matter’. he acted as he did.
2. attempt, After ‘attempt’ & ‘intend’ gerunds “Don’t attempt to do it by
can’t bear, are possible but infinitives are more yourself” is more usual than
intend common. “Don’t attempt doing it”.
 1 2 3
3. advise, If the person concerned is mentioned He advised me to apply at once.
recommend, we use the infinitive. She recommends housewives to
allow, permit. If this person is not mentioned, the buy the big tins.
gerund is used. He advised applying at once.
She recommends buying the
big tins.
4. (it) needs, No difference. The grass wants cutting.
requires, wants The grass wants to be cut.
5. regret, These verbs are used with a gerund I regret spending so much
remember, to express an earlier action. money.

Р
forget Terry, I don’t remember
forget + gerund is possible only locking the front door.

УИ
when ‘forget’ is in the negative. Did you remember to do it?
I’ll remember to ring Bill.
these verbs are followed by an I will never forget waiting
infinitive to express a simultaneous or for bombs to fall.

БГ
a future action. I often forget to sign my
checks.
6. care, love, When used in the conditional they are Would you care/like/to come
like, hate, followed by the infinitive. with me or would you prefer
а
prefer When used in the present or past to stay here.
ек

indicative they are usually followed I like riding.

by the Gerund. He hates waiting for buses.
7. go on When this verbs means to continue He went on talking about his
т

it is normally followed by the accident.

gerund. He began by showing us
When the speaker introduces a new where the island was and went
ио

aspect of his topic. on to tell us about its climate.

Verbs taking Points of difference Examples
either Gerund or
бл

Infinitive
8. stop (cease) When it is part of a compound aspect He stopped talking.
verbal predicate, it is followed by a
Би

gerund.
When it is used in the function of an I stopped to ask the way.
adverbial modifier of purpose it is
followed by an infinitive.
9. try Make an experiment, try a strategy. Try going to work by public
Try something difficult, make an transport.
effort. Try to be on time tomorrow.
THE MOST IMPORTANT VEBRS THAT CAN NEVER BE FOLLOWED BY AN
INFINITIVE

VERBS EXAMPLES
mind Would you mind waiting a moment.
suggest He suggested reading the instruction first.
propose He proposed travelling by helicopter.
NOTE: When ‘propose’ means ‘to intend’ it usually takes the infinitive.
I propose to start tomorrow=Я намереваюсь выехать завтра.

FUNCTIONS OF THE PREDICATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS WITH THE GERUND

Р
FUNCTIONS EXAMPLES

УИ
1. COMPLEX SUBJECT Your playing helped a lot.
It is funny – you liking her.
I should not have thought that soldiers coming
up the avenue was a remarkable fact.

БГ
2. COMPLEX PREDICATIVE What I resent is anyone taking a real interest in you.
3. COMPLEX OBJECT You were responsible for a man killing himself.
4. COMPLEX ATTRIBUTE The only result of your wearing a collar like
that is varicose veins in the head.
а
5. COMPLEX ADVERBIAL
MODIFIER
ек

a) of attendant circumstances I wish I were earning a living without my

family frustrating me.
т

b) of condition Besides, without my stirring in the matter, you

are certain to be arrested.
c) of time I was to walk over to my grandmother’s before
ио

her leaving.
d) of concession In spite of its being cold Jane was playing in the garden.
бл

THE FORMATION AND USE OF THE OBLIQUE MOODS

SUBJUNCTIVE I
to be to have to sing
Би

I be I have I sing
he (she, it) be he (she, it) have he (she, it) sing
we be we have we sing
you be you have you sing
they be they have they sing
 SUBJUNCTIVE I
Types of clauses Examples Notes
SUBJECT It was important that no sound The clauses are introduced by
give warning of their approach. the anticipatory ‘it’.
OBJECT a) They suggested that he be It is used after expressions of:
elected president. a) order, suggestion,
b) We feared lest she lose her recommendation etc.
way in the big cit. b) fear
the object clause is
introduced by the conjunction

Р
‘lest’.
c) We cannot tell if this be right. c) indirect questions.

УИ
PREDICATIVE Our request is that you come in time.
ATTRIBUTIVE We do not object to your requirement
APPOSITIVE that we do it without delay.
CONCESSION Wherever he be, we’ll find him. after the conjunctions

БГ
‘though’, ‘although’,
whatever’ etc.
PURPOSE He locked the door lest she go introduced by the
away. conjunctions ‘so that’, ‘lest’.
а
SUBJUNCTIVE II
ек

TO BE TO SPEAK
non-perfect perfect non-perfect perfect
т

I were I had been I spoke I had spoken

He (she, it) were He (she, it) had been He (she) spoke He (she) had spoken
we were we had been we spoke we had spoken
ио

you were you had been you spoke you had spoken
they were they had been they spoke they had spoken
бл

Types of clauses Examples Notes

1 2 3
SUBJECT It’s time he were here. Subjunctive II is used:
Би

after the expressions: ‘It’s

time’, ‘It is high time’, ‘It’s
about time’.
OBJECT a) He wishes he had some spare a) after the expression of
time. ‘wish’
I wish I hadn’t told you the truth.
b) I wish you would stop missing b) ‘would+Infinitive’ is used
classes. to denote request or annoyance.
c) I doubted if he were ill. c) in indirect questions after
the expression of doubt.
 1 2 3
PREDICATIVE He always looked as though he In predicative clauses
had stepped out of a shop- introduced by the
window. conjunctions ‘as if’, ‘as though’.
Comparison or He treats me as if I were a child. In adverbial clauses of
manner You speak as if you had never comparison or manner
heard about it. introduced by the
conjunctions ‘as if’, ‘as
though’.
CONCESSION Even if he were here, he In adverbial clauses of
wouldn’t help you. concession introduced by

Р
‘even if’, ‘even though’.
CONDITION If the weather were fine, we

УИ
(Unreal) should go boating.

THE SUPPOSITIONAL MOOD

Non-perfect
I should overcome
He should overcome
We should overcome
БГ Perfect
I should have overcome
He should have overcome
We should have overcome
а
You should overcome You should have overcome
ек

They should overcome They should have overcome

THE SUPPOSITIONAL MOOD

т

Types of clauses Examples Notes

1 2 3
ио

SUBJECT 1. It is requested that the goods 1. The clauses are introduced

should be delivered without by the anticipatory ‘it’.
delay. 2. With emotional colouring.
бл

2. It is shocking that he should

have touched upon the problem.
OBJECT After the verbs expressing
Би

1. He suggested that all should a) order, recommendation,

gather in the hall. suggestion, supposition,
command, desire, etc.
2. They feared lest anything b) fear, introduced by the
horrible should happen to him. conjunctions ‘lest’, ‘that’.
PREDICATIVE Our request is that the goods
should be shipped as soon as possible.
ATTRIBUTIVE The demand that the tools should
be tested was reasonable.
 1 2 3
PURPOSE She lowered her eyes so that he Introduced by the
shouldn’t see her embarrassment. conjunctions ‘so that’, ‘lest’
Mrs. Brown took the vase away (literary style).
lest the children should break it.
CONCESSION Whatever you should say, I after the conjunctions
shan’t believe you. ‘though’, ‘although’,
‘whoever’, etc.
CONDITION Should he phone you, tell him of 1) Such clauses may be
our plans. rendered into Russian as
“если вдруг”… “случилось

Р
так, что”, “если так
случится, что”…, “если

УИ
случайно…”
2) In the principal clause
Imperative, Conditional or
Future Indicative is used.

Non-perfect
БГ
THE CONDITIONAL MOOD

Perfect
а
I should (would) go I should (would) have go
ек

He would go He would have go

We should (would) go We should (would) have go
You would go You would have go
т

They would go They would have go

THE CONDITIONAL MOOD

ио

Types of clauses Examples Notes

1. In the If I were you, I would do my hair 1. with the Subordinate clause
бл

principal clause differently. of unreal condition.

If anyone had suggested to me Subjunctive II is used in the
yesterday that O’Murphy was a Subordinate clause.
Би

traitor, I would have laughed in

his face.
2. In the Even if it were in his power, he 2. with the subordinate clause
principle clause wouldn’t do it. of unreal concession
introduced by the
conjunctions ‘even if’ ‘even
though’.
 WISHES

Type of wish Verb Tense Form Example

1. Wishes in the Past Past Perfect I wish I had passed my exam.
2. Contrary-to-fact wishes Simple Past I wish he were in town now.
(impossible results) I wish I knew French.
3. Wishes for the present would I wish he would help me.
and future. could I wish he could help me.

Р
“THAT” – CLAUSES

УИ
It is adjective That Subject Should or inf.
important you
Subject clauses

necessary

БГ
essential
It is imperative that I (should) be there
desirable
ordered they
suggested
а
Subject Verb (importance) That Subject (should\
ек
Object clauses

would or inf.)
ask prefer that the students (should all the lectures
The demand recommende would) attend
т

teachers desire insist

propose request
ио

suggest require

CONDITIONALS
бл

Conditional clause Main clause

1 2
Би

Type of Past simple or were would, should, might or inf.

Second Conditional

condition
possible If I saw her now I might not recognize her.
situation for
the present
and future
Contrary-to- If I lived in the I would be happier.
fact condition South
 1 2
unreal Past Perfect would
Third Conditional

condition for could have + Past Participle

the past should
might
If I had heard the I wouldn’t have got up so late.
alarm clock

VERB+PREPOSITION

Р
A
be absent from

УИ
be accustomed to
accuse somebody of doing something
add this to that
be acquainted with

БГ
admire (someone) for (something)
be afraid of
aim at somebody/something
agree with (someone) about/on (something)
а
be angry at/with
ек

annoyed about something

annoyed with somebody for doing something
apologize to (someone) for (something)
т

apply to (a place) for (something)

approve of
argue with (someone) about (something)
ио

arrive at (a building, a room)

arrive in (a city, a country)
ashamed of somebody
бл

ask (someone) about (something)

ask (someone) for (something)
ask somebody out
Би

associate with somebody

astonished at/by something
be aware of
B
be bad for
believe in
belong to
blame somebody for doing something
blame something on somebody
be bored with/by
borrow (something) from (someone)
break into
break down
bump into something
C
be clear to
be careful about
be capable of
charge somebody for (ask somebody to pay)

Р
be charged somebody with something (accuse somebody of)
change something for something

УИ
collide with
compare (this) to (=show the likeness to)/with (finding similarities and differences) (that)
be composed of
complement on

БГ
complain to somebody about something (say that you are not satisfied)
complain of (a pain, an illness)
concentrate on
congratulate on
а
consist of
contract with somebody
ек

convert into
crash into
be crazy about
т

be crowded with
care about He doesn’t care about other people.
ио

care for Would you care for a cup of coffee?

take care of=look after
cure somebody of something (вылечить от чего-либо)
бл

cut off
D
deal with
Би

decide on
depend on/upon (someone) for (something)
be dependent on/upon (someone) for (something)
be devoted to
descend from
die of
be different from
disagree with (someone) about (something)
be disappointed in
discourage from
discuss (something) with (someone)
divide (this) into (that)
be divorced from
be done with
dream about/of
describe to somebody
do something about something
E
be engaged to

Р
be equal to
escape from

УИ
be excited about
excuse (someone) for (something)
be exhausted from
explain to somebody
F
be familiar with
fill in
fill something with but to be full of
БГ
а
forgive (someone) for (something)
ек

be friendly to/with
be frightened of/by
т

G
get rid of
go past
ио

go off (to be spoiled)

be gone from
be good for
бл

be good at
be good with (children)
graduate from
Би

H
happen to
hear about (be told)/of (know that somebody/something exists)
hear from
help (someone) with (something)
hide (something) from (someone)
hold on (the line)
hope for
hungry for
I
insist on
insure against
be interested in
introduce (someone) to
invite somebody to
be involved in
K
be keen on
be kind to

Р
know about

УИ
L
laugh at/smile at
let somebody down
listen to

БГ
live on (money, food)
look at/stare at/glance at
look for
look forward to
а
M
ек

be made of
be married to
matter to
т

mean to somebody
be the matter with
ио

multiply (this) by (that)

N
nice to
бл

O
occur to somebody
Би

be opposed to
P
pay somebody for something
be patient with
be polite to
prefer somebody to somebody
prevent from
be prepared for
protect (this) from/against (that)
be proud of
point at
provide with
put through
put up with
Q
be qualified for
R
react to
be ready for

Р
regard somebody/something as

УИ
be related to
rely on/upon
be responsible for
remind about (tell somebody not to forget)

БГ
remind of (cause somebody to remember)
reply to
ring somebody up
S
а
be satisfied with
ек

save from
sentence somebody to (prison)
be scared of/by
т

see in (the paper)

be sent out
search for
ио

separate (this) from (that)

set off
shout at
бл

shout to
be similar to
be sorry about (something)
Би

be sorry for (someone)

sort out
speak to/with (someone) about (something)
spend (money) on
stand up for somebody
stare at
subtract (this) from (that)
suffer from
supply with
be sure of
suspect somebody of doing something
share with
shoot at
shout at somebody
shout to somebody
specialize in
succeed in
T
take after
take care of

Р
talk to/with (someone) about (something)
tease somebody about something

УИ
tell (someone) about (something)
be terrified of/by
thank (someone) for (something)
think about/of

БГ
be thirsty for
be tired from V-ing
tired of
travel to
а
telephone somebody
throw at somebody
ек

throw to somebody
turn up
turn down
т

W
ио

wait for
wait on
warm somebody of/against something
watch out
бл

be worried about
write to somebody
Би

Adjectives, nouns with prepositions

A
advantage of
amazed at/ by something
annoyed about something
annoyed with somebody for doing something
astonished at/by
attitude towards/to (n)
B
bad at something
brilliant at something

C
capable of doing something
cause of (n)
cheque for (n)
in connection with something
a connection between two things (n)

Р
conscious of something
contact with somebody/between two things (n)

УИ
cruel to
cruelty towards/to (n)

D
damage to (n)
delighted with something
demand for (n)
disadvantage of (n)
БГ
а
disappointed with
ек

E
excellent at
т

excited about
F
ио

fed up with
friendly to
furious about something
бл

furious with somebody for doing something

G
good at something
Би

good to somebody
grateful to somebody for something
H
(no) hope of (n)
hopeless at
I
impatient with
impressed by/with somebody/something
increase in (n)
invitation to
J
jealous of somebody
K
keen on something
kind to somebody (but be kind of somebody to do something)
M
mean of somebody to do something

Р
N

УИ
need for
nice to somebody (but be nice of somebody to do something)
P

БГ
patient with
photograph of
picture of
(un)pleasant to somebody
proof of (n)
а
R
ек

reaction to (n)
reason for (n)
т

rise in (n)
rude to somebody (but rude of somebody to do something)
ио

S
(feel) sorry for
scared of
бл

sensible of somebody to do something

shocked at/by something
short of something
similar to
Би

solution to (n)
suspicious of
T
terrified of somebody/something
tired of
U
unconscious of something
upset about something
V
valid for

W
weak in

LIST OF VERBS

1. купить – to buy (bought)=synonym to get (got)

продать – to sell (sold)

Р
платить (за) – to pay (paid) for
стоить – to cost (cost) e.g. The car cost me a lot of money.

УИ
позволить себе (купить) – to afford something/to buy something/ buying something
How much is the book?
Сколько стоит … книга? What does the book cost?
What’s the price of the book?

2. искать – to look for

БГ
заработать деньги – to earn money, to make money
а
найти – to find (found)
ек

потерять – to lose (lost)

забыть (вещь) – to leave something behind/to leave something at a place
т

3. а) знать – to know (knew, known)

to realize (знать в смысле осознавать)
узнать (внешне) – to recognize
ио

узнать (ненамеренно) – to learn

узнать, выяснить (путем наведения справок) – find out
b) спросить о – to ask about
бл

попросить чего-либо – to ask for something

попросить чего-либо у кого-либо – to ask somebody for something
Би

4. лежать – to lie (lay, lain)

прилечь – to lie down, to have a lie-down
загорать – to lie in the sun/to sunbathe/to sunbask
загореть – to be tanned/brown/sunburnt
положить, класть – to put, to lay (laid)

as: to lay the table - накрывать на стол

to lay the cloth - стелить скатерть
to lay eggs - нести яйца
лгать, говорить неправду – to lie (lied)=to tell a lie/lies ant. To tell the truth
5. 1) подниматься – to rise (rose, risen)
e.g. The sun is rising (=going up)
The prices are rising (=going up)
The temperature is rising (=going up)
2) поставить на ноги – to rise to one’s feet
падать – to fall (fell, fallen)/to go down
(about temperature, prices but: the sun is setting/going down)
поднять (преднамеренно) – to raise (raised)
as: to raise one’s voice (повысить голос); one’s hand, head, eyes (=look up)
to raise prices – поднять цены

Р
to raise money – собирать деньги
e.g. The government has raised prices.

УИ
поднять с пола/земли – to pick up; уронить – to drop

6. продолжать(ся) – to go on | with something syn. to continue smth/doing smth

| doing something syn. to keep (on) doing smth

7.
БГ
умирать (от) – to die (of) (died – dying) He died of malaria.
cf. to be dead – быть мертвым
e.g. He is dead. Он умер.
а
He’s been dead for 2 years. Уже 2 года, как он умер.
ек

He died two years ago. Он умер два года назад.

to dye [dai] (dyed, dying) – красить волосы, одежду
жить – 1) to be alive (быть живым)
т

e.g. He’s alive.

2) to live (в общежитии)
e.g. I’m living in a dorm(itory).
ио

8. решить – to decide syn. to make up one’s mind (to do smth)

принять решение (сделать что-либо)
бл

передумать – to change one’s mind

решить проблему – to solve a problem
решить (уладить) дело – to settle the matter
Би

поправить (исправить) дело – to mend the matters

Решено! – Agreed! Settled!

9. рисовать (карандашом) – to draw (drew, drawn)

(маслом, акв. красками) – to paint
волосы, одежду – to dye
краситься – to make up, to use/wear make up
красить губы – paint one’s lips
ресницы – to put on mascara
щеки – to rouge/use rouge
10. не забыть, помнить, вспомнить – to remember
забыть (запамятовать) – to forget (forgot, forgotten)
забыть вещь – to leave something behind/at a place …

11. сказать, говорит, беседовать:

сказать, говорить – 1) to say something (say+what?)
2) to tell somebody something (tell+whom?)
e.g. He didn’t say a word. Он не сказал ни слова.
He told me a nasty thing. Он сказал мне гадость.
He says that he likes it. Он говорит, …

Р
исключения: to tell the time
the truth=to speak the truth

УИ
a lie/lies
a story, an anecdote
the fortune - предсказать судьбу
the difference

БГ
to say hello – поздороваться
to say good-bye – попрощаться
to say sorry – извиниться
а
ек

3) говорить на языке – to speak a language (=to talk a language)

e.g. Do you speak French?
They were talking some language I didn’t know.
т

Они говорили на непонятном мне языке.

4) выступать (говорить речь) – to speak at a meeting=to make a
speech/give a speech
ио

5) разговаривать, беседовать с … о(б) …

!!! to speak to/with somebody about … (in formal situations)
to talk to/with somebody about … (in informal situations)
бл

e.g. I’d like to speak to the Dean, may I?

I’d like to talk to you about the business.
Note: speak and talk are synonyms: The baby can speak/=can talk. (умеет говорить)
Би

but there is a difference in style.

12. приходить, приехать, прибывать – to come, to arrive, to get
e.g. When did he get/arrive/come home? Когда он
пришел/приехал/добрался домой?
arrive at (the theatre, club, station, airport …)
in (Belarus, Minsk, the USA)
come to/get to some place
добраться до, достигнуть – get to, reach
e.g. The travelers reached the camp at sunset.
 уйти, уехать, пойти (в направлении от говорящего) – to go to a place, to
leave for a place
e.g. He went to Rome by air.
He left for Rome the other day.
уйти, уехать (из) – to leave something
e.g. He left home
the house
Minsk
the office
переехать (на другое место жительства) – to move to
подойти, подъехать к – go up to somebody/a place, walk up to, come

Р
up to, drive up to, move up to
e.g. He drove up to the pub. Он подъехал к пабу.

УИ
13. нести, отнести, поднести:
относить, отводить (в) – to take somebody/ something to …
e.g. Take him to the nursery school. Отведи его в садик.

БГ
Take the papers to the Boss. Отнести бумаги шефу.
приносить, приводить (из) – to bring somebody/something from, to
fetch - подать, принести
e.g. Bring the fruit from the kitchen. Принести фрукты из кухни.
а
Bring John here. Приведи Джона сюда.
нести (в руках, на плечах) – to carry
ек

e.g. She’s carrying the baby in her arms.

держать (в руках, во рту) – to hold
e.g. She is holding a rose in her hands.
т

14. проводить – to see somebody off/to show somebody to some place

e.g. Can I see you off?
ио

проводить на вокзал, etc – to see somebody to the station/the

theatre/the office
проводить домой – to see somebody home
бл

провести немного – to see somebody part of the way

15. спорить о – to argue about
Би

ссориться – to quarrel about

перестать ссориться, мириться – to stop quarreling, to make up a
quarrel, to make it up
e.g. Let’s make it up! Давай помиримся!
Stop quarreling! Перестаньте ссориться!
16. поправиться – to gain weight, to put on weight, to grow fat
похудеть – to lose weight, to grow thin
худеть(=быть на диете) – to be slimming/to be on a diet
быть/сидеть на диете – to keep to a diet
 сесть на диету – to go on a diet
17. ждать – to wait for somebody
ждать (в см. мечтать с нетерпением) – to look forward to
something/doing something
ждать (в см. надеяться, рассчитывать на) – to expect
ждать рождения ребенка – to expect a baby (child)
18. встречать – meet somebody (также познакомиться)
встречать случайно – to run into somebody/across/to come across
somebody/to bump into

Р
19. предложить – to offer, to suggest, to propose
e.g. I offered to get the tickets.

УИ
I suggested getting the tickets.
I propose we break now.
Note: to suggest is not used with an object-infinitive structure.
It is followed by:

БГ
A: a noun e.g. He suggested a plan.
B: an-ing form e.g. My uncle suggested (my) getting a job in a bank.
C: a “that-clause” e.g. My uncle suggested (that) I should get a job in a bank.
Or My uncle suggested I get a job in a bank.
а
Suggestion, n as to make/to accept/to turn down a suggestion –
принять/одобрить/отклонить предложение
ек

To offer means to hold out somebody something

e.g. He offered me a light.
He offered to get the tickets for the fashion show.
т

20. советовать – to advise [advaiz]

ио

cf. advice [advais] совет, n

* Also, 1) should 2) ought to 3) ‘d better (direct advice)

21. отказаться to refuse to do something/noun ant. to accept

бл

отвергнуть to reject to do/noun ant. to accept

бросить to give up (см. бросить); also, to quit smoking, a job, etc.
Би

22. бросать – 1) to throw (threw, thrown) something at somebody

e.g. He threw a stone at me.
2) give up, quit (habit, an idea)
3) stop (перестать)+ing- form
4) leave (a family)
23. заболеть – to fall ill, to be taken ill with, to get sick AmE
болеть – 1) to be ill/sick AmE with something
2) о ноге и др. части тела – to hurt (hurt)
e.g. My feet hurt.
 e.g. I have a toothache. У меня болят зубы.
a headache. … голова.
a backache. … спина.
a stomachache. … желудок.
a earache. … уши.
I have a sore leg. У меня болит нога.
a sore throat. … горло.
a sore eye. … глаз.
поправиться – to be better/to feel better
поправляться – to get better

Р
24. сдавать, сдать, пересдать, не сдать экзамен

УИ
to take an - сдавать
to pass exam/a test - сдать
to fail - не сдать
to fail in English/etc. – не сдать английский

БГ
to retake an exam/test – пересдавать
принимать экзамен у – to examine somebody
failure, n – провал на экзамене
а
25. выиграть, победить – to win (won)
as: to win a victory (одержать победу)
ек

a game/match
ant. проиграть – to lose (lost)
проигрывать пластинку – to play a record
т

запись a tape
to beat somebody – выиграть у кого-либо (beat, beaten)
ио

e.g. He beat me at chess.

To defeat an army – выиграть у армии
an enemy – у врага
бл

to win time – выиграть время

26. содержать семью – to support/look after a family/to feed the family
что-либо в порядке – to keep something in order/to keep something
Би

clean (and tidy)

27. смеяться, улыбаться, etc.
to laugh at somebody/something – смеяться над
to smile at something – улыбнуться чему-либо
to somebody – улыбнуться кому-либо
шутить над to make fun at somebody (высмеять)
to joke at somebody/something, to play a trick/joke on somebody
шутить – to joke, to make a joke
дразнить – to tease somebody
 дразнить, дурачить, обманывать – to cheat
шуметь – to make a noise
придираться к – to find fault with somebody
относиться к кому-либо хорошо/плохо – to treat somebody well/badly
28. быть одетым, одеваться, etc.
to dress well – хорошо одеваться
e.g. He always dresses badly, in poor taste (безвкусно)
носить, быть одетым – to wear something/to have something on/to be
dressed in something
надеть что-либо – to put on something/=to put something on

Р
снять что-либо – to take off something/=to take something off

УИ
29. быть на запах – to smell (smelled, smelt) + Adj.
вкус – to taste + Adj.
вид – to look + Adj.
слух – to sound + Adj.

БГ
чувствовать – to feel + Adj.
вес – to weigh [wei]
30. кашлять – to cough
чихать – to sneeze
а
икать – to hiccup, hiccough [‘hikap:]
ек

жевать – to chew
дышать – to breathe [i:] cf. breath, n
глотать – to swallow
т

храпеть – to snore
кусать – to bite (bit, bitten)
зевать – to yawn
ио

лаять – to bark (about a dog)

кричать – to shout
визжать – to scream
бл

шептать – to whisper
плакать – to cry
рыдать – to weep, to sob
Би

стонать – to groan, moan

тянуть (на себя) – to pull
тянуть, толкать (от себя) – to push
нажать на – to press something
стучать в – to knock on/at (the door, etc.)
звенеть – to ring (rang, rung) e.g. The phone is ringing. The door bell’s
ringing.
резать – to cut
уронить – to drop (on the floor) ant. to pick up
целовать – to kiss, to give somebody a kiss
 обнять – to put one’s arms round somebody’s shoulders/to embrace
болтать – to talk, to chat
сплетничать – to gossip, to talk gossip
видеть во сне – to dream about somebody e.g. I dream about you last night
cf. to dream of something/somebody/doing something – мечтать

Set expressions with articles

The definite article
To play the piano; to pass the time; to tell the truth (the time); to take the
trouble; to break the ice; to break the record; to feel the pulse; to have (get)

Р
the upper hand; to fight to the death; to keep the peace; to run the risk; to
become the fashion; to keep the house (сидеть дома); to keep the bed (

УИ
соблюдать постельный режим); to be on the safe side (для верности); tо
be out of the question;
On the whole; nothing of the kind; the ups and downs of life; the other day

БГ
(refers to the past); the day after tomorrow; the day before yesterday; in the
morning...; in the singular (the plural); in the past; in the original; by the way;
just the same; on the one hand...; at the same time;
The indefinite article
а
As a matter of fact; as a result; as a rule;
a great (good) deal of; a great many; on a large scale; on an average (on the
ек

average); in a hurry; in a low (loud) voice; in a whisper; it is a pity; it is a

shame; it is a pleasure; once a year; at a glance; at a distance;
т

To have a headache (toothache); to have a mind (to); to have a good time; to

have a smoke; to have a swim(a bath)
ио

to fly into a passion; to get in a fury (in a rage); to take a fancy to smth
(проникнуться симпатией); to be at a loss; to go for a work; to take a
shower; to give a call; to give a hand; to do smb. a favour;
бл

Zero article
Over head and ears; by hook or by crook; by hand; by name; in fact; in
demand; in trouble; in debt; by water; by land ; by boat; on fire; out of doors;
Би

at present; from morning till night; from beginning to end; from head to foot
(toe); at first sight; by chance; by mistake; for hours; for ages; on deck; at
sunrise; at sunset; at work; at peace; at table;
To send word; to give permission; to give place to; to make place or room to;
to form part of; to take part in; to take notice of; to make haste; to enter into
conversation; to lose patience; to declare war against; to keep house; to lose
heart; to take to heart; to take offence; to go to see; to keep house (вести
хозяйство); to go out of town.
 Св. план 2005, поз. 30

Учебное издание

Тесты
по развитию лексико-грамматических навыков
чтения на английском языке

Р
для студентов 1-2-го курсов
дневной формы обучения

УИ
Авторы-составители:

БГ
Шелягова Тамара Григорьевна,
Амелина Юлия Михайловна,
Маликова Ирина Гаврииловна,
Лягушевич Светлана Ивановна
а
ек
т
ио

Корректор Е.Н. Батурчик

бл

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Би

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