Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences
The paper examined the political economy of greenhouse gas emissions and human security threats i... more The paper examined the political economy of greenhouse gas emissions and human security threats in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria. Nigeria is one of the largest producers of crude oil in Africa and flares a greater percent of her gas. The Gas Flare Track indicates that from March 2012 to February 2019, the total carbon dioxide emitted in the five Niger Delta states was estimated at an average of 239.1 million tonnes. Gas flaring by the transnational oil firms is a major contributor to global warming leading to the human security threat in the region. At present, the Niger Delta ecosystem is one of the worst hit by the adverse effects of global warming. The effect of climate change in the Niger Delta region has pushed a greater percentage of its inhabitants into abject poverty. The government is rhetorical and adamant about attending to the socio-economic challenges occasioned by climate change. The continuous neglect and deprivation of access to petrodollar benefits led to the anti...
The distortion of the traditional arbitration and imposition of the English legal system of dispu... more The distortion of the traditional arbitration and imposition of the English legal system of dispute settlement has adversely impacted on many traditional societies in Ikwerre ethnic nationality. Mere disputes are now tried in the court of law. Sometimes, these cases stay for years before judgments are pronounced by the trial judge. This delayin judgment and other challenges such as exorbitant legal fees, a backlog of cases, and a limited number of judges, have constituted a hiccup to achieving justice in the law court. The investigation was informed on the fact that several disputes have been settled out of courts and peace restored among the disputants within a short period among Ikwerre people. Applying the Third-Party Intervention Model, the study explored the effects of the roles played by the Ikwerre traditional arbitrators as a neutral party in dispute settlements. The study adopted a qualitative method data gathering. The study unraveled that Ikwerre traditional adjudication ...
Nigerian foreign policy thrust commenced in 1960 after the attainment of political sovereignty fr... more Nigerian foreign policy thrust commenced in 1960 after the attainment of political sovereignty from Britain. Africa was projected as the centrepiece of Nigeria’s external decisions. Every successive administration continued to emphasize and expand the principles of Nigeria’s Foreign Policy decisions on Africa. Besides afrocentricism, the foreign policy served the interest of Mr President, ruling and business elites, and the ordinary citizens abroad. The previous governments showed little or no concern about the welfare of her citizens abroad. However, in 2007, the Nigerian government adopted citizen’s diplomacy as her foreign policy thrust, whose aim was geared toward mobilizing the support of Nigerians at home and diaspora to develop the country economically and politically. Though, Citizen’s diplomacy was misconstrued initially. The misrepresentation was anchored on the fact Nigeria has abandoned her traditional approach foreign policy thrust (afrocentricism) to Nigeria’s citizens...
Asian research journal of arts & social sciences, Feb 7, 2022
The article examined how ethnocentrism is used to further the interest of petty bourgeoisie leadi... more The article examined how ethnocentrism is used to further the interest of petty bourgeoisie leading to political instability in Nigeria. The establishment of elective principle midwifed liberal democratic party system in 1922. The Nigerian National Democratic Party in Nigeria was the first party to be birthed. The electoral requirements for candidates and electorates provided opportunities for the educated elite to hijack the process. The partitioning of the country into three regions-east, north and west in 1945 led to the formation of ethnic based political parties-National Congress Nigeria and Cameroon (east), Northern People Congress(north), and Action Group (west), which gave rise to fierce ethnic competition among the political elite. The political elites fell back to the region to consolidate their power base. The contention for space-dominance became more pronounced. However, over decades, this politics of ethnic acrimony has continued and increased the degree of political instability to the extent that almost all the general elections conducted in the postindependence era have been bedeviled with electoral violence leading to destruction of lives and properties. The study adopted clientelist theory and culture of violence theory in its theoretical underpinning. The study explored qualitative method of data gathering technique. The study unraveled that the competition for political position predicated on primitive accumulation of natural resources promotes ethnic cleavage. The study recommends amongst others that politicians indicted for electoral violence in past and present should be tried in the content court of jurisdiction to discourage political violence in Nigeria.
South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics, 2021
The study examined the effects of climate change on the local economy occasioned by resource-base... more The study examined the effects of climate change on the local economy occasioned by resource-based conflict in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria. The alteration in weather conditions in the Niger Delta region is associated with anthropogenic activities of the transnational oil companies for over five decades in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria. Despite the degree of oil exploration and exploitation, the Niger Delta region remained underdeveloped in social amenities. The inhabitants were deprived and alienated from the Petrodollar benefits. The launching of artisanal refining by the locals as a way of getting from Petro Dollar business became inevitable. These activities have increased greenhouse gas emission leading to the alteration in weather conditions in the Region Sadly, the Joint Military Task Force deployed to monitor and arrest culprit bombard and burn down the artisanal refining equipment unprofessionally, thereby increasing greenhouse gas emission into the atmosphere. Given t...
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2021
The study examined the politics of the Covid-19 Pandemic and human security threat in Port Harcou... more The study examined the politics of the Covid-19 Pandemic and human security threat in Port Harcourt City, Nigeria. Politics as social activity involve how matters are resolved through the collective decision. The ability to contain the spread of the Covid-19 brought spotlights on leadership capacity, the awkwardness of state actors, global ideological differences, and policy priorities of various international, regional and national governments. Globally, Covid-19 led to an adverse impact on human security, such as the closure of schools, jobs, restriction of movement, among others. In Port Harcourt city, the enforcement and fight against the pandemic were pursued with aggressiveness by the Rivers State government. The lockdown enforcement led to constitutional conflict between the federal government and Rivers state governments. To achieve this aim, the study adopted the triangulation method of data gathering techniques. A total of 250 structured questionnaires were randomly administered among the respondents in Port Harcourt City, out of which 230 were retrieved and used for analysis. The paper adopted fear appeal theory as its theoretical construct. The study unraveled that the lockdown policy adversely impacted human security. The study recommends amongst others that the Rivers State government and Nigeria at large should improve on food security.
International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, 2020
The paper examined climate change and human security in Rivers State, Nigeria. The security envir... more The paper examined climate change and human security in Rivers State, Nigeria. The security environment in Rivers State has degenerated in the last few decades. The old security challenge has assumed a devastating dimension, while new threats such as climate change have propped up. The concept of human security is about people-centred security, an unconventional aspect of national security, which was previously focused on protection from external aggression and protection of sovereignty but now includes social, economic, and environmental problems that threaten global security. At present, human security is viewed from the angle of freedom that the citizens of a nation enjoy a peaceful and safe environment. However, the change in weather conditions has become a serious threat to human security. The effects of climate change include health challenges, high temperature, flooding and erosion, poor agricultural harvests, among others. The investigation was informed on the fact that gree...
The study examined the activities of cult groups in some parts of Rivers State and its impact on ... more The study examined the activities of cult groups in some parts of Rivers State and its impact on rural development using three selected local government areas (Emohua, Khana, and Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni) from each senatorial district in the state. Recently, the rising wave of cult rivalries has become unimaginable in the Rivers State, particularly in the rural parts of the state. Cult rivalries have led to forced migration by the inhabitants, destruction of lives and properties. The cult war has created ungoverned space, therefore, reducing rural developments in the affected communities. The study aimed at unraveling what occasioned the emergence and spread of cultism in Rivers State, and its effects on rural development in the affected communities. The paper adopted the classical strain theory as its theoretical construct. To achieve this aim, the study adopted a triangulation method of data gathering techniques. The study unravelled that the growth of cultism in Rivers State is sustaine...
Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2020
The Legislature is officially elected or otherwise selected body of people vested with the respon... more The Legislature is officially elected or otherwise selected body of people vested with the responsibility and power to make laws for the good governance of the State. The Legislature like every other institution of the State, hardly functions without conflict which could either be internally or externally induced. This research is empirical, and interrogates conflicts in the National Assembly of Nigeria between 1999 – 2018 and reviews the implications for democratic consolidation. Employing secondary data and content analysis as methods of data collection and analysis as well as conflict theory as a framework of analysis, the study revealed the inordinate ambition of the political class to retain power at all cost for economic gains as the major cause of conflicts in the Legislature and recommends respect for the rule of law, making legislative offices as part-time and less attractive as the panacea for democratic consolidation.
Saudi Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2021
The paper examined the nexus between identity-based conflict and the development challenge in Nig... more The paper examined the nexus between identity-based conflict and the development challenge in Nigeria's Fourth Republic. The study was informed by the increasing disjointed loyal relationship between the citizens and the nation, which has adversely impacted on the country's socio-political and economic advancement. Using the descriptiveanalytical method, the study adopted triangulation methods of data gathering techniques. 3,600 copies of a questionnaire titled ‗identity conflict and development challenge in Nigeria's Fourth Republic', which was administered in the six geopolitical zones of the country using a combination of the random and purposive sampling methods to select the study areas. Two hypotheses were tested using the statistical tool of simple percentages and the Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient at 5% significance level. The study adopted the Political Economy paradigm as its theoretical construct. The study unravelled a significant linkage between identity-based conflict and Nigeria's development challenge. Second, the study unravelled that identity conflicts have adversely impacted on the socioeconomic development since Nigeria's Fourth Republic. The study, therefore, amongst others recommends national dialogue, that will facilitate peaceful coexistence in Nigeria.
Saudi Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2021
The paper examined the nexus between identity-based conflict and the development challenge in Nig... more The paper examined the nexus between identity-based conflict and the development challenge in Nigeria's Fourth Republic. The study was informed by the increasing disjointed loyal relationship between the citizens and the nation, which has adversely impacted on the country's socio-political and economic advancement. Using the descriptiveanalytical method, the study adopted triangulation methods of data gathering techniques. 3,600 copies of a questionnaire titled ‗identity conflict and development challenge in Nigeria's Fourth Republic', which was administered in the six geopolitical zones of the country using a combination of the random and purposive sampling methods to select the study areas. Two hypotheses were tested using the statistical tool of simple percentages and the Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient at 5% significance level. The study adopted the Political Economy paradigm as its theoretical construct. The study unravelled a significant linkage between identity-based conflict and Nigeria's development challenge. Second, the study unravelled that identity conflicts have adversely impacted on the socio-economic development since Nigeria's Fourth Republic. The study, therefore, amongst others recommends national dialogue, that will facilitate peaceful coexistence in Nigeria.
Over time, the politics of anxiety has increased the tension of winning elections in Nigeria. Thi... more Over time, the politics of anxiety has increased the tension of winning elections in Nigeria. This anxiety propels candidates or party members to resort to unethical practices such as violence in a bid to win elections because politics in Nigeria has become a zero-sum game. Candidates and political parties prepare for election with the mindset of winning by all cost, including engaging in pre-electoral, Election Day and post-election violence. Hence, the act of violence has been entrenched in Nigeria's political space, such that every election cycle both governments, non-governmental organizations and international community engage in progammes that promotes peaceful election. The study is aimed at examining electoral violence from Nigeria's First Republic to date and its human security implications on democratic advancement in Nigeria. The paper adopted the culture of violence theory as its theoretical construct. The content analysis was used in the interpretation of secondary data. The paper recommends amongst others to strengthen the electoral management board and enforce relevant laws on perpetrators of electoral violence.
Zamfara Journal of Politics and Development , 2022
The study examined the role of Nigeria in security stability in the West African Sub-region. Nige... more The study examined the role of Nigeria in security stability in the West African Sub-region. Nigerian's foreign policy is based on three basic pillars; the concept that Nigeria is an African nation; it is part and parcel of the continent of Africa. Nigeria's foreign policy thrust was considered Afrocentric in nature. Nigeria spearheaded the formation of ECOMOG and played a major role in the restoration of peace and stability in Liberia, Sierra Leone, among others. Over 70 percent of the ECOMOG commandants were drawn from Nigerian troops. In February 1995, Nigeria provided 4,908 troops out of 8, 430 troops organized into ten battalions. However, some countries in the West Africa viewed Nigeria's involvement of its human and material resources in ECOMOG as having a hegemonic undertone. The study adopted a Regional Security Complex theory as its theoretical construct. The study relied on a qualitative method of data gathering technique. The study revealed that by active participation in ECOMOG activities, Nigeria maintained its hegemonic image without losing legitimacy for involving itself in another state's affairs before the international community. The paper concluded that Nigeria intervention in the regional collective security architecture of West Africa helped establish and project her image in diplomatic circles.
This paper examines the extent to which deterrence has motivated the acquisition of nuclear armam... more This paper examines the extent to which deterrence has motivated the acquisition of nuclear armament by North Korea and Pakistan. Nation-states involve in the acquisition of nuclear weapons to deter other nation-states with the notion that a nuclear attack by one would receive an overwhelming nuclear counterattack such that both the defender and attacker would be annihilated. This scenario has created a security dilemma and nation-states are grasping with fears. Both North Korea and Pakistan were involved in the acquisition of nuclear weapons because of adversaries that have constituted major threats based on ideological and religious differences. The paper adopted the neo-realism theory as its theoretical framework of analysis. The paper relied on a qualitative method of data gathering technique. It unravels that both North Korea and Pakistan's adversaries have motivated them to acquire more nuclear weapons. Therefore, the paper concludes that North Korea and Pakistan could enjoy peaceful coexistence with neigbhours if they have enough deterrence.
This paper examines the extent to which deterrence has motivated the acquisition of nuclear armam... more This paper examines the extent to which deterrence has motivated the acquisition of nuclear armament by North Korea and Pakistan. Nation-states involve in the acquisition of nuclear weapons to deter other nation-states with the notion that a nuclear attack by one would receive an overwhelming nuclear counterattack such that both the defender and attacker would be annihilated. This scenario has created a security dilemma and nation-states are grasping with fears. Both North Korea and Pakistan were involved in the acquisition of nuclear weapons because of adversaries that have constituted major threats based on ideological and religious differences. The paper adopted the neo-realism theory as its theoretical framework of analysis. The paper relied on a qualitative method of data gathering technique. It unravels that both North Korea and Pakistan's adversaries have motivated them to acquire more nuclear weapons. Therefore, the paper concludes that North Korea and Pakistan could enjoy peaceful coexistence with neigbhours if they have enough deterrence.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ *CorrespondAsian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences, 2022
The article examined how ethnocentrism is used to further the interest of petty bourgeoisie leadi... more The article examined how ethnocentrism is used to further the interest of petty bourgeoisie leading to political instability in Nigeria. The establishment of elective principle midwifed liberal democratic party system in 1922. The Nigerian National Democratic Party in Nigeria was the first party to be birthed. The electoral requirements for candidates and electorates provided opportunities for the educated elite to hijack the process. The partitioning of the country into three regions-east, north and west in 1945 led to the formation of ethnic based political parties-National Congress Nigeria and Cameroon (east), Northern People Congress(north), and Action Group (west), which gave rise to fierce ethnic competition among the political elite. The political elites fell back to the region to consolidate their power base. The contention for space-dominance became more pronounced. However, over decades, this politics of ethnic acrimony has continued and increased the degree of political instability to the extent that almost all the general elections conducted in the postindependence era have been bedeviled with electoral violence leading to destruction of lives and properties. The study adopted clientelist theory and culture of violence theory in its theoretical underpinning. The study explored qualitative method of data gathering technique. The study unraveled that the competition for political position predicated on primitive accumulation of natural resources promotes ethnic cleavage. The study recommends amongst others that politicians indicted for electoral violence in past and present should be tried in the content court of jurisdiction to discourage political violence in Nigeria.
The study examined the paradox of the non-violence movement in the Covid 19 pandemic era with a f... more The study examined the paradox of the non-violence movement in the Covid 19 pandemic era with a focus on the #EndSARS# protest in Nigeria. Nonviolent protest is not limited to Nigeria but a universal phenomenon. It has been used against empires, foreign entities, and dictatorial regimes even in modern states. The #EndSARS# protest commenced with a demand for the dissolution of the Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS) unit in Nigeria occasioned by police brutality and other criminal activities alleged by Nigerian youth. However, the #EndSARS# protest coincided with the period of socioeconomic challenges emanating from the Covid-19 pandemic lockdown. The peaceful protest later metamorphosed into violence arising from the shooting of the armless group protestants at Lekki tollgate in Lagos State by Nigerian soldiers. This extrajudicial killing triggered violence in some parts of Nigeria, andthe subsequent looting of undistributed palliatives stocked in secret locations in some states, destruction of government infrastructure, the killing of Police officers, burning of police stations, destruction of personal properties, among others. The paper adopted Gene Sharps theory of Power as its theoretical construct. The triangulation method of data gathering techniques were used. The study unravelled that the protest was hijacked by a secessionist group in some parts of Rivers State. Second, the increase in unemployment and socioeconomic challenges in Nigeria arising from lockdown contributed to the breakdown of law and order. The study recommends amongst others that the state should reform the security institutions and create jobs to positively engage Nigerian youth.
Resource Based Conflict and Climate Change in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria, 2021
The study examined the effects of climate change on the local economy occasioned by resourcebased... more The study examined the effects of climate change on the local economy occasioned by resourcebased conflict in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria. The alteration in weather conditions in the Niger Delta region is associated with anthropogenic activities of the transnational oil companies for over five decades in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria. Despite the degree of oil exploration and exploitation, the Niger Delta region remained underdeveloped in social amenities. The inhabitants were deprived and alienated from the Petrodollar benefits. The launching of artisanal refining by the locals as a way of getting from Petro Dollar business became inevitable. These activities have increased greenhouse gas emission leading to the alteration in weather conditions in the Region Sadly, the Joint Military Task Force deployed to monitor and arrest culprit bombard and burn down the artisanal refining equipment unprofessionally, thereby increasing greenhouse gas emission into the atmosphere. Given the above, the Niger Delta inhabitants are experiencing alteration in weather condition leading to poor agricultural harvest. The study adopted Frustration/Aggression theoretical as its framework. The study relied on primary through questionnaires and interview, while secondary sources data was through journals, books, newspapers, among others. The study unraveled that resource-based conflict occasioned deprivation and frustration increased greenhouse gas emission. The study recommends amongst others convening a climate change summit that will involve all the stakeholders in the oil activities in the Region.
Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences
The paper examined the political economy of greenhouse gas emissions and human security threats i... more The paper examined the political economy of greenhouse gas emissions and human security threats in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria. Nigeria is one of the largest producers of crude oil in Africa and flares a greater percent of her gas. The Gas Flare Track indicates that from March 2012 to February 2019, the total carbon dioxide emitted in the five Niger Delta states was estimated at an average of 239.1 million tonnes. Gas flaring by the transnational oil firms is a major contributor to global warming leading to the human security threat in the region. At present, the Niger Delta ecosystem is one of the worst hit by the adverse effects of global warming. The effect of climate change in the Niger Delta region has pushed a greater percentage of its inhabitants into abject poverty. The government is rhetorical and adamant about attending to the socio-economic challenges occasioned by climate change. The continuous neglect and deprivation of access to petrodollar benefits led to the anti...
The distortion of the traditional arbitration and imposition of the English legal system of dispu... more The distortion of the traditional arbitration and imposition of the English legal system of dispute settlement has adversely impacted on many traditional societies in Ikwerre ethnic nationality. Mere disputes are now tried in the court of law. Sometimes, these cases stay for years before judgments are pronounced by the trial judge. This delayin judgment and other challenges such as exorbitant legal fees, a backlog of cases, and a limited number of judges, have constituted a hiccup to achieving justice in the law court. The investigation was informed on the fact that several disputes have been settled out of courts and peace restored among the disputants within a short period among Ikwerre people. Applying the Third-Party Intervention Model, the study explored the effects of the roles played by the Ikwerre traditional arbitrators as a neutral party in dispute settlements. The study adopted a qualitative method data gathering. The study unraveled that Ikwerre traditional adjudication ...
Nigerian foreign policy thrust commenced in 1960 after the attainment of political sovereignty fr... more Nigerian foreign policy thrust commenced in 1960 after the attainment of political sovereignty from Britain. Africa was projected as the centrepiece of Nigeria’s external decisions. Every successive administration continued to emphasize and expand the principles of Nigeria’s Foreign Policy decisions on Africa. Besides afrocentricism, the foreign policy served the interest of Mr President, ruling and business elites, and the ordinary citizens abroad. The previous governments showed little or no concern about the welfare of her citizens abroad. However, in 2007, the Nigerian government adopted citizen’s diplomacy as her foreign policy thrust, whose aim was geared toward mobilizing the support of Nigerians at home and diaspora to develop the country economically and politically. Though, Citizen’s diplomacy was misconstrued initially. The misrepresentation was anchored on the fact Nigeria has abandoned her traditional approach foreign policy thrust (afrocentricism) to Nigeria’s citizens...
Asian research journal of arts & social sciences, Feb 7, 2022
The article examined how ethnocentrism is used to further the interest of petty bourgeoisie leadi... more The article examined how ethnocentrism is used to further the interest of petty bourgeoisie leading to political instability in Nigeria. The establishment of elective principle midwifed liberal democratic party system in 1922. The Nigerian National Democratic Party in Nigeria was the first party to be birthed. The electoral requirements for candidates and electorates provided opportunities for the educated elite to hijack the process. The partitioning of the country into three regions-east, north and west in 1945 led to the formation of ethnic based political parties-National Congress Nigeria and Cameroon (east), Northern People Congress(north), and Action Group (west), which gave rise to fierce ethnic competition among the political elite. The political elites fell back to the region to consolidate their power base. The contention for space-dominance became more pronounced. However, over decades, this politics of ethnic acrimony has continued and increased the degree of political instability to the extent that almost all the general elections conducted in the postindependence era have been bedeviled with electoral violence leading to destruction of lives and properties. The study adopted clientelist theory and culture of violence theory in its theoretical underpinning. The study explored qualitative method of data gathering technique. The study unraveled that the competition for political position predicated on primitive accumulation of natural resources promotes ethnic cleavage. The study recommends amongst others that politicians indicted for electoral violence in past and present should be tried in the content court of jurisdiction to discourage political violence in Nigeria.
South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics, 2021
The study examined the effects of climate change on the local economy occasioned by resource-base... more The study examined the effects of climate change on the local economy occasioned by resource-based conflict in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria. The alteration in weather conditions in the Niger Delta region is associated with anthropogenic activities of the transnational oil companies for over five decades in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria. Despite the degree of oil exploration and exploitation, the Niger Delta region remained underdeveloped in social amenities. The inhabitants were deprived and alienated from the Petrodollar benefits. The launching of artisanal refining by the locals as a way of getting from Petro Dollar business became inevitable. These activities have increased greenhouse gas emission leading to the alteration in weather conditions in the Region Sadly, the Joint Military Task Force deployed to monitor and arrest culprit bombard and burn down the artisanal refining equipment unprofessionally, thereby increasing greenhouse gas emission into the atmosphere. Given t...
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2021
The study examined the politics of the Covid-19 Pandemic and human security threat in Port Harcou... more The study examined the politics of the Covid-19 Pandemic and human security threat in Port Harcourt City, Nigeria. Politics as social activity involve how matters are resolved through the collective decision. The ability to contain the spread of the Covid-19 brought spotlights on leadership capacity, the awkwardness of state actors, global ideological differences, and policy priorities of various international, regional and national governments. Globally, Covid-19 led to an adverse impact on human security, such as the closure of schools, jobs, restriction of movement, among others. In Port Harcourt city, the enforcement and fight against the pandemic were pursued with aggressiveness by the Rivers State government. The lockdown enforcement led to constitutional conflict between the federal government and Rivers state governments. To achieve this aim, the study adopted the triangulation method of data gathering techniques. A total of 250 structured questionnaires were randomly administered among the respondents in Port Harcourt City, out of which 230 were retrieved and used for analysis. The paper adopted fear appeal theory as its theoretical construct. The study unraveled that the lockdown policy adversely impacted human security. The study recommends amongst others that the Rivers State government and Nigeria at large should improve on food security.
International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, 2020
The paper examined climate change and human security in Rivers State, Nigeria. The security envir... more The paper examined climate change and human security in Rivers State, Nigeria. The security environment in Rivers State has degenerated in the last few decades. The old security challenge has assumed a devastating dimension, while new threats such as climate change have propped up. The concept of human security is about people-centred security, an unconventional aspect of national security, which was previously focused on protection from external aggression and protection of sovereignty but now includes social, economic, and environmental problems that threaten global security. At present, human security is viewed from the angle of freedom that the citizens of a nation enjoy a peaceful and safe environment. However, the change in weather conditions has become a serious threat to human security. The effects of climate change include health challenges, high temperature, flooding and erosion, poor agricultural harvests, among others. The investigation was informed on the fact that gree...
The study examined the activities of cult groups in some parts of Rivers State and its impact on ... more The study examined the activities of cult groups in some parts of Rivers State and its impact on rural development using three selected local government areas (Emohua, Khana, and Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni) from each senatorial district in the state. Recently, the rising wave of cult rivalries has become unimaginable in the Rivers State, particularly in the rural parts of the state. Cult rivalries have led to forced migration by the inhabitants, destruction of lives and properties. The cult war has created ungoverned space, therefore, reducing rural developments in the affected communities. The study aimed at unraveling what occasioned the emergence and spread of cultism in Rivers State, and its effects on rural development in the affected communities. The paper adopted the classical strain theory as its theoretical construct. To achieve this aim, the study adopted a triangulation method of data gathering techniques. The study unravelled that the growth of cultism in Rivers State is sustaine...
Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2020
The Legislature is officially elected or otherwise selected body of people vested with the respon... more The Legislature is officially elected or otherwise selected body of people vested with the responsibility and power to make laws for the good governance of the State. The Legislature like every other institution of the State, hardly functions without conflict which could either be internally or externally induced. This research is empirical, and interrogates conflicts in the National Assembly of Nigeria between 1999 – 2018 and reviews the implications for democratic consolidation. Employing secondary data and content analysis as methods of data collection and analysis as well as conflict theory as a framework of analysis, the study revealed the inordinate ambition of the political class to retain power at all cost for economic gains as the major cause of conflicts in the Legislature and recommends respect for the rule of law, making legislative offices as part-time and less attractive as the panacea for democratic consolidation.
Saudi Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2021
The paper examined the nexus between identity-based conflict and the development challenge in Nig... more The paper examined the nexus between identity-based conflict and the development challenge in Nigeria's Fourth Republic. The study was informed by the increasing disjointed loyal relationship between the citizens and the nation, which has adversely impacted on the country's socio-political and economic advancement. Using the descriptiveanalytical method, the study adopted triangulation methods of data gathering techniques. 3,600 copies of a questionnaire titled ‗identity conflict and development challenge in Nigeria's Fourth Republic', which was administered in the six geopolitical zones of the country using a combination of the random and purposive sampling methods to select the study areas. Two hypotheses were tested using the statistical tool of simple percentages and the Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient at 5% significance level. The study adopted the Political Economy paradigm as its theoretical construct. The study unravelled a significant linkage between identity-based conflict and Nigeria's development challenge. Second, the study unravelled that identity conflicts have adversely impacted on the socioeconomic development since Nigeria's Fourth Republic. The study, therefore, amongst others recommends national dialogue, that will facilitate peaceful coexistence in Nigeria.
Saudi Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2021
The paper examined the nexus between identity-based conflict and the development challenge in Nig... more The paper examined the nexus between identity-based conflict and the development challenge in Nigeria's Fourth Republic. The study was informed by the increasing disjointed loyal relationship between the citizens and the nation, which has adversely impacted on the country's socio-political and economic advancement. Using the descriptiveanalytical method, the study adopted triangulation methods of data gathering techniques. 3,600 copies of a questionnaire titled ‗identity conflict and development challenge in Nigeria's Fourth Republic', which was administered in the six geopolitical zones of the country using a combination of the random and purposive sampling methods to select the study areas. Two hypotheses were tested using the statistical tool of simple percentages and the Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient at 5% significance level. The study adopted the Political Economy paradigm as its theoretical construct. The study unravelled a significant linkage between identity-based conflict and Nigeria's development challenge. Second, the study unravelled that identity conflicts have adversely impacted on the socio-economic development since Nigeria's Fourth Republic. The study, therefore, amongst others recommends national dialogue, that will facilitate peaceful coexistence in Nigeria.
Over time, the politics of anxiety has increased the tension of winning elections in Nigeria. Thi... more Over time, the politics of anxiety has increased the tension of winning elections in Nigeria. This anxiety propels candidates or party members to resort to unethical practices such as violence in a bid to win elections because politics in Nigeria has become a zero-sum game. Candidates and political parties prepare for election with the mindset of winning by all cost, including engaging in pre-electoral, Election Day and post-election violence. Hence, the act of violence has been entrenched in Nigeria's political space, such that every election cycle both governments, non-governmental organizations and international community engage in progammes that promotes peaceful election. The study is aimed at examining electoral violence from Nigeria's First Republic to date and its human security implications on democratic advancement in Nigeria. The paper adopted the culture of violence theory as its theoretical construct. The content analysis was used in the interpretation of secondary data. The paper recommends amongst others to strengthen the electoral management board and enforce relevant laws on perpetrators of electoral violence.
Zamfara Journal of Politics and Development , 2022
The study examined the role of Nigeria in security stability in the West African Sub-region. Nige... more The study examined the role of Nigeria in security stability in the West African Sub-region. Nigerian's foreign policy is based on three basic pillars; the concept that Nigeria is an African nation; it is part and parcel of the continent of Africa. Nigeria's foreign policy thrust was considered Afrocentric in nature. Nigeria spearheaded the formation of ECOMOG and played a major role in the restoration of peace and stability in Liberia, Sierra Leone, among others. Over 70 percent of the ECOMOG commandants were drawn from Nigerian troops. In February 1995, Nigeria provided 4,908 troops out of 8, 430 troops organized into ten battalions. However, some countries in the West Africa viewed Nigeria's involvement of its human and material resources in ECOMOG as having a hegemonic undertone. The study adopted a Regional Security Complex theory as its theoretical construct. The study relied on a qualitative method of data gathering technique. The study revealed that by active participation in ECOMOG activities, Nigeria maintained its hegemonic image without losing legitimacy for involving itself in another state's affairs before the international community. The paper concluded that Nigeria intervention in the regional collective security architecture of West Africa helped establish and project her image in diplomatic circles.
This paper examines the extent to which deterrence has motivated the acquisition of nuclear armam... more This paper examines the extent to which deterrence has motivated the acquisition of nuclear armament by North Korea and Pakistan. Nation-states involve in the acquisition of nuclear weapons to deter other nation-states with the notion that a nuclear attack by one would receive an overwhelming nuclear counterattack such that both the defender and attacker would be annihilated. This scenario has created a security dilemma and nation-states are grasping with fears. Both North Korea and Pakistan were involved in the acquisition of nuclear weapons because of adversaries that have constituted major threats based on ideological and religious differences. The paper adopted the neo-realism theory as its theoretical framework of analysis. The paper relied on a qualitative method of data gathering technique. It unravels that both North Korea and Pakistan's adversaries have motivated them to acquire more nuclear weapons. Therefore, the paper concludes that North Korea and Pakistan could enjoy peaceful coexistence with neigbhours if they have enough deterrence.
This paper examines the extent to which deterrence has motivated the acquisition of nuclear armam... more This paper examines the extent to which deterrence has motivated the acquisition of nuclear armament by North Korea and Pakistan. Nation-states involve in the acquisition of nuclear weapons to deter other nation-states with the notion that a nuclear attack by one would receive an overwhelming nuclear counterattack such that both the defender and attacker would be annihilated. This scenario has created a security dilemma and nation-states are grasping with fears. Both North Korea and Pakistan were involved in the acquisition of nuclear weapons because of adversaries that have constituted major threats based on ideological and religious differences. The paper adopted the neo-realism theory as its theoretical framework of analysis. The paper relied on a qualitative method of data gathering technique. It unravels that both North Korea and Pakistan's adversaries have motivated them to acquire more nuclear weapons. Therefore, the paper concludes that North Korea and Pakistan could enjoy peaceful coexistence with neigbhours if they have enough deterrence.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ *CorrespondAsian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences, 2022
The article examined how ethnocentrism is used to further the interest of petty bourgeoisie leadi... more The article examined how ethnocentrism is used to further the interest of petty bourgeoisie leading to political instability in Nigeria. The establishment of elective principle midwifed liberal democratic party system in 1922. The Nigerian National Democratic Party in Nigeria was the first party to be birthed. The electoral requirements for candidates and electorates provided opportunities for the educated elite to hijack the process. The partitioning of the country into three regions-east, north and west in 1945 led to the formation of ethnic based political parties-National Congress Nigeria and Cameroon (east), Northern People Congress(north), and Action Group (west), which gave rise to fierce ethnic competition among the political elite. The political elites fell back to the region to consolidate their power base. The contention for space-dominance became more pronounced. However, over decades, this politics of ethnic acrimony has continued and increased the degree of political instability to the extent that almost all the general elections conducted in the postindependence era have been bedeviled with electoral violence leading to destruction of lives and properties. The study adopted clientelist theory and culture of violence theory in its theoretical underpinning. The study explored qualitative method of data gathering technique. The study unraveled that the competition for political position predicated on primitive accumulation of natural resources promotes ethnic cleavage. The study recommends amongst others that politicians indicted for electoral violence in past and present should be tried in the content court of jurisdiction to discourage political violence in Nigeria.
The study examined the paradox of the non-violence movement in the Covid 19 pandemic era with a f... more The study examined the paradox of the non-violence movement in the Covid 19 pandemic era with a focus on the #EndSARS# protest in Nigeria. Nonviolent protest is not limited to Nigeria but a universal phenomenon. It has been used against empires, foreign entities, and dictatorial regimes even in modern states. The #EndSARS# protest commenced with a demand for the dissolution of the Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS) unit in Nigeria occasioned by police brutality and other criminal activities alleged by Nigerian youth. However, the #EndSARS# protest coincided with the period of socioeconomic challenges emanating from the Covid-19 pandemic lockdown. The peaceful protest later metamorphosed into violence arising from the shooting of the armless group protestants at Lekki tollgate in Lagos State by Nigerian soldiers. This extrajudicial killing triggered violence in some parts of Nigeria, andthe subsequent looting of undistributed palliatives stocked in secret locations in some states, destruction of government infrastructure, the killing of Police officers, burning of police stations, destruction of personal properties, among others. The paper adopted Gene Sharps theory of Power as its theoretical construct. The triangulation method of data gathering techniques were used. The study unravelled that the protest was hijacked by a secessionist group in some parts of Rivers State. Second, the increase in unemployment and socioeconomic challenges in Nigeria arising from lockdown contributed to the breakdown of law and order. The study recommends amongst others that the state should reform the security institutions and create jobs to positively engage Nigerian youth.
Resource Based Conflict and Climate Change in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria, 2021
The study examined the effects of climate change on the local economy occasioned by resourcebased... more The study examined the effects of climate change on the local economy occasioned by resourcebased conflict in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria. The alteration in weather conditions in the Niger Delta region is associated with anthropogenic activities of the transnational oil companies for over five decades in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria. Despite the degree of oil exploration and exploitation, the Niger Delta region remained underdeveloped in social amenities. The inhabitants were deprived and alienated from the Petrodollar benefits. The launching of artisanal refining by the locals as a way of getting from Petro Dollar business became inevitable. These activities have increased greenhouse gas emission leading to the alteration in weather conditions in the Region Sadly, the Joint Military Task Force deployed to monitor and arrest culprit bombard and burn down the artisanal refining equipment unprofessionally, thereby increasing greenhouse gas emission into the atmosphere. Given the above, the Niger Delta inhabitants are experiencing alteration in weather condition leading to poor agricultural harvest. The study adopted Frustration/Aggression theoretical as its framework. The study relied on primary through questionnaires and interview, while secondary sources data was through journals, books, newspapers, among others. The study unraveled that resource-based conflict occasioned deprivation and frustration increased greenhouse gas emission. The study recommends amongst others convening a climate change summit that will involve all the stakeholders in the oil activities in the Region.
The study examined the adverse impact of climate change on food supply in the Niger Delta region,... more The study examined the adverse impact of climate change on food supply in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria. The alteration in weather conditions in the Niger Delta region is largely attributed to anthropogenic activities of the transnational oil companies and artisanal refining in the Region. Presently, the Niger Delta region has experienced a decline in food supply occasioned by high temperature, heavy rainfall, sea-level rise, and flooding emanating from climate change. The study relied on triangulation methods of data gathering techniques. The study administered 400 questionnaires and 20 interviews among respondents in randomly selected clusters in four Niger Delta states while the secondary data was sourced through the internet, journals, and books. Findings revealed that farming and fishing accounted for over 90 percent of the traditional economy of the region. The Region has suffered from environmental degradation emanating from oil production. Consequently, the majority of the crops, forest resources, and seafood in the region have gone into extinction as a result of global warming. The effects of climate change constitute a threat to the existence of many households, who depend on forest resources for their survival. The study concluded that deprivation of the inhabitants from participating in Petrodollar business is one of the reasons for launching artisanal refinery, hence, increased the circulation of greenhouse gas emission in the atmosphere leading to alteration of weather condition and food production.
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