This book, the first of its kind, investigates the historical trajectory and current situation of... more This book, the first of its kind, investigates the historical trajectory and current situation of popular journalism in the People's Republic of China. Taking a popular cultural perspective, the book redefines “popular journalism” as a particular journalistic genre and media form and applies it to conceptualize popular journalism in the Chinese context. In particular, it examines how the dynamic and complex interplay of politics, the market, culture, and communication technology in shifting contexts has shaped the changing landscape of popular journalism in contemporary China. Meanwhile, regardless of how these factors might have changed over time, the fundamental nature of popular journalism as a source of fun and a troublemaker against elite powers in China, as in other places, has remained.
The 'Marxist view of journalism' notion as the ruling Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) rebranded m... more The 'Marxist view of journalism' notion as the ruling Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) rebranded media ideology has remained a trendy phrase and hot topic in China's official, media, and academic research discourse since the early 2000s. Despite its marked and prolonged public presence and significance for the understanding of the Chinese Party-state's media policy, a specific and systematic critique of the notion has remained absent in the literature. Aiming to bridge this research gap, this study argues that being designed to attempt to theoretically justify the CCP's shift to retighten its control over China's increasingly market-oriented and self-minded media industry in the era of globalisation and digitisation, this high-profile 'new' notion is little more than a conveniently refurbished version of the very same old authoritarian press tradition of the Party, illustrating the ruling elite's lack of theoretical courage and capacity to engage in long-delayed yet much-needed media ideological innovation. The study also offers some general suggestions in relation to how the notion may be revisited and redeveloped.
This chapter contributes to the volume’s theme “digital journalism in China” from an angle of exa... more This chapter contributes to the volume’s theme “digital journalism in China” from an angle of examining Chinese newspaper publishers’ approach to their traditional print editions in their digital transition through a Sino-Western comparative perspective. It is argued that newspaper publishers’ strategies/experiences in relation to their print editions in their digital transition are complex and diverse in different contexts. While digitisation and platformisation may be what the future holds for newspaper publishers, they do not necessarily have to choose between their traditional print editions and online editions. Whenever possible, keeping a quality print edition while focusing (more) on online operation may well serve their overall journalistic and business interest.
Global Tabloid: Culture and Technology (Routledge), 2021
This book chapter investigates the bumpy journey that tabloid journalism in post-Mao China has ex... more This book chapter investigates the bumpy journey that tabloid journalism in post-Mao China has experienced. From being totally banned in the Mao era from 1950s to 1970s and heatedly debated in the 1980s, tabloid journalism in China flourished and enjoyed its golden decade from the mid-1990s to the mid-2000s. It has however rapidly declined since then and has ceased to exist in any real sense as a result of the interplay of some drastic ideological, communication technological, and media market changes. It is argued that an investigation of the rise and fall of tabloid journalism in the People’s Republic may shed some new light on a better understanding of not just China’s tabloid press sector itself, but also the country’s journalism in general and even some of the common issues regarding the changing ecology of print journalism in diverse social contexts.
Glbal Media and Public Diplomacy in Sino-Western Relations (Routledge), 2016
This book chapter investigates the influence of the Beijing-based Global Times (a conservative ta... more This book chapter investigates the influence of the Beijing-based Global Times (a conservative tabloid daily newspaper) on China's public diplomacy. It argues that the recent rise of the newspaper represents a crucial strategic change in China's public diplomacy. The case of the Global Times also illustrates that public diplomacy should not be understood narrowly as just selling government-directed, one-dimensional, positive national image to the rest of the world. It should also mean vigorous international dialogue, communication and debate between different players and from different perspectives. And public diplomacy does have a significant domestic dimension as well.
Journalism: Theory, Practice and Criticism, Apr 19, 2015
This study examines the changes and challenges of China’s newspaper industry by focusing on the p... more This study examines the changes and challenges of China’s newspaper industry by focusing on the popular press sector that has dominated the daily newspaper market since the early 2000s. Specifically, the study investigates three key issues: (1) the dramatic expansion of the popular press sector at the expense of the Party organ sector in the early and mid-2000s, (2) the stagnation of the popular press sector since then despite its efforts to experiment with a so-called mainstream press in the second half of the decade and (3) this study’s call for a ‘broadloid’ press approach in response to this stagnation.
Wilbur Schramm’s “Soviet” communist model and J. Herbert Altschull’s “Marxist” approach have been... more Wilbur Schramm’s “Soviet” communist model and J. Herbert Altschull’s “Marxist” approach have been widely used as general theoretical frameworks to examine press systems in the Marxist world in general and China in particular. Though a growing literature suggested significant changes in Chinese journalism in the past 2 decades, very few studies have sent a direct challenge to the 2 models’ theoretical wisdom through the Chinese case. This article finds neither of the 2 models is sufficient in conceptualizing the Chinese case because of Chinese news media’s transitional nature and the 2 models’ inner theoretical flaws as normative press theories. Furthermore, realizing the growing conflict between normative media theories and accelerated post-Cold War global media transformation, the author suggests using
a transitional media approach to revisit the traditional normative media approach and calls for a more systematic study of the transitional phenomenon of global media systems.
For nearly four years from mid 2008 to early 2012, a high profile and highly controversial mass r... more For nearly four years from mid 2008 to early 2012, a high profile and highly controversial mass red song campaign was powerfully mobilised in Chongqing by then Party chief of Chongqing Bo Xilai. In spite of its significance as a complex political-cultural discourse and immense media and public interest in it, there has been little critical academic research into case from a political communication perspective. The purpose of this study is to attempt to bridge this research gap.
Since the mid-1990s, the Chinese Communist Party's major provincial organs have established a lar... more Since the mid-1990s, the Chinese Communist Party's major provincial organs have established a large number of highly commercialized and urban-reader oriented daily newspapers, which are widely regarded as an `individual' press category called "city newspapers". As an important press phenomenon that reflects some significant recent changes in Chinese print media, the rise of city newspapers has attracted little attention in western communication scholarship so far. After a general description of the historical development of city newspapers, this article further examines their characteristics and impact on the Chinese press.
This study aims to identify and analyse the most recent media structural changes in post-WTO Chin... more This study aims to identify and analyse the most recent media structural changes in post-WTO China. The study finds that a media structural reform strategy involving an internal shakeup and external opening up is taking shape in both policy and practice. There are signs to suggest that the media sector is in transition from a market socialism model to a state-controlled capitalist corporation model. This pragmatic approach of media structural reform reflects the Chinese government's strategy to absorb private/foreign capital and western know-how of media management without losing its ownership and political control of the media sector. The author argues that a more diverse media structure and more open media market may lead to a more professional and less corrupt media system in China in the foreseeable future.
As China is seen to rise as a major power in the global economy and politics, there has been grow... more As China is seen to rise as a major power in the global economy and politics, there has been growing academic interest in the country’s changing media landscape. It is, however, never an easy task to read media systems in a post-Communist market authoritarian society like China. Students of Chinese media studies are often excited by the rapid growth and commercialization of the media industry, on the one hand, and puzzled and frustrated by its lack of press freedom and professionalism, on the other hand. This special issue of The International Communication Gazette wishes to contribute to the current academic debate on the Chinese media by identifying and focusing on some of the most recent changes in this area. Before I introduce the four articles collected in this special issue in some detail, it is useful to undertake a critical analysis of the main theoretical frameworks that have been used to understand the Chinese media ‘puzzle’ in recent research literature, and explore the
possibility of developing new ones.
Many scholars acknowledge the substantive changes in Chinese media in the post-Mao period, but re... more Many scholars acknowledge the substantive changes in Chinese media in the post-Mao period, but regret that these have not resulted in western-style press freedoms. Significant among these changes has been the emergence and rapid development of what is termed the semi-independent media that now constitute a prominent feature of China's ''socialist'' media industries. Focusing on a case study of the Chengdu Business News, this article argues that the rise of these semi-independent media, which reflects the relaxation of media regulation post-Mao, has generated significant structural and operational changes in Chinese newspapers.
Conference: The 15th Biennial Conference of the Asian Studies Association of Australia, Canberra, 29 June-2 July, 2004
China's entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) in December 2001 has invited a growing rese... more China's entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) in December 2001 has invited a growing research literature on Chinese media-transnational capital relationship in the post-WTO context. 2 This is typically reflected in relevant articles in two recent special issues from Media Development (vol. 44, no. 3, 2003) and Javnost-The Public (vol. 10, no. 4, 2003) on recent Chinese media reforms and Chin-Chuan Lee's (2003a) new-edited volume Chinese Media, Global Contexts. While these recent publications provided many insights about the issue, there was little data and analysis available to paint a picture of how Chinese media policy decision makers responded to media globalization pressure in the post-WTO context. This lack of policy analysis in literature resulted mainly in the fact that some substantial policy changes 1 This paper was presented to the 15th Biennial Conference of the Asian Studies Association of Australia in Canberra 29 June-2 July 2004. It has been peer-reviewed and appears on the Conference Proceedings website by permission of the author who retains copyright. The paper may be downloaded for fair use under the Copyright Act (1954), its later amendments and other relevant legislation. 2 In this study, except otherwise stated, the term "media" refers to the four major conventional print and electronic media (newspaper, magazine, radio, and television) and Internet media companies.
Academic investigation of the relationship between mass media and society has been a major and im... more Academic investigation of the relationship between mass media and society has been a major and important research area since mass communication studies emerged as a social science discipline in the early 20th century. But the landscape of this research area has gone through profound changes since then, particularly the shift of research focus from a more empirical-oriented sociological tradition to a more theoretical-oriented multidisciplinary critical tradition. Essentially, these changes are theoretical-methodological response to the rapidly changing media-society relationship in recent decades. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a critical introduction and analysis of the development of this research area under the conceptual roof of “media sociology”. Key issues discussed in this chapter include: the historical development of this research area, major theories and research methods, leading scholars and key publications, the focus of current debate, the perspective of this research area, and the author's comments and analysis.
从媒介社会学向传播社会学的转变无疑是近10年来传播学领域正在发生的最为深刻的变化之一。这种变化是对网络化、数字化和全球化时代快速发展的人类传播行为的一种学术回应。我们正在进入一个传播新时代，分散... more 从媒介社会学向传播社会学的转变无疑是近10年来传播学领域正在发生的最为深刻的变化之一。这种变化是对网络化、数字化和全球化时代快速发展的人类传播行为的一种学术回应。我们正在进入一个传播新时代，分散的和业余的个体、小组或群体开始以传者、受者、转播者和评论者的多重身份开始与职业媒体和媒体人分享传播资源和话语权。具有严密组织形式的职业化大众传媒在社会传播中的传统支配地位开始动摇，传播开始在前所未有的更为丰富多元的时空里以不再那么可控、那么有序和那么可预期的方式进行。这既是一场颠覆传统传播秩序的自下而上的和平演变，也是一次真正触及传播学界和业界灵魂的传播文化大革命。这一变革在客观上要求传统的“媒介社会学”驶向更为广阔的“传播社会学”的海洋。本章的主要目的有三：粗略勾勒“传播社会学”这一新的理论框架的内涵和外延；批判性地评介这一研究领域的发展过程和主要研究成果；简要讨论该领域的问题和动向。
For any researcher, attempting a comprehensive investigation of media reforms in China in the con... more For any researcher, attempting a comprehensive investigation of media reforms in China in the context of the country’s broader political, economic, and social-cultural changes in the past 30 years is likely to be a challenging and risky academic adventure, considering the scope and complexity of such a project. Media Environment and Development in the Process of Social Change in China, the current book from Professor Yicheng Luo and Associate Professor Shangbin Lu of Wuhan University, China, is a courageous and inspiring effort.
This book, the first of its kind, investigates the historical trajectory and current situation of... more This book, the first of its kind, investigates the historical trajectory and current situation of popular journalism in the People's Republic of China. Taking a popular cultural perspective, the book redefines “popular journalism” as a particular journalistic genre and media form and applies it to conceptualize popular journalism in the Chinese context. In particular, it examines how the dynamic and complex interplay of politics, the market, culture, and communication technology in shifting contexts has shaped the changing landscape of popular journalism in contemporary China. Meanwhile, regardless of how these factors might have changed over time, the fundamental nature of popular journalism as a source of fun and a troublemaker against elite powers in China, as in other places, has remained.
The 'Marxist view of journalism' notion as the ruling Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) rebranded m... more The 'Marxist view of journalism' notion as the ruling Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) rebranded media ideology has remained a trendy phrase and hot topic in China's official, media, and academic research discourse since the early 2000s. Despite its marked and prolonged public presence and significance for the understanding of the Chinese Party-state's media policy, a specific and systematic critique of the notion has remained absent in the literature. Aiming to bridge this research gap, this study argues that being designed to attempt to theoretically justify the CCP's shift to retighten its control over China's increasingly market-oriented and self-minded media industry in the era of globalisation and digitisation, this high-profile 'new' notion is little more than a conveniently refurbished version of the very same old authoritarian press tradition of the Party, illustrating the ruling elite's lack of theoretical courage and capacity to engage in long-delayed yet much-needed media ideological innovation. The study also offers some general suggestions in relation to how the notion may be revisited and redeveloped.
This chapter contributes to the volume’s theme “digital journalism in China” from an angle of exa... more This chapter contributes to the volume’s theme “digital journalism in China” from an angle of examining Chinese newspaper publishers’ approach to their traditional print editions in their digital transition through a Sino-Western comparative perspective. It is argued that newspaper publishers’ strategies/experiences in relation to their print editions in their digital transition are complex and diverse in different contexts. While digitisation and platformisation may be what the future holds for newspaper publishers, they do not necessarily have to choose between their traditional print editions and online editions. Whenever possible, keeping a quality print edition while focusing (more) on online operation may well serve their overall journalistic and business interest.
Global Tabloid: Culture and Technology (Routledge), 2021
This book chapter investigates the bumpy journey that tabloid journalism in post-Mao China has ex... more This book chapter investigates the bumpy journey that tabloid journalism in post-Mao China has experienced. From being totally banned in the Mao era from 1950s to 1970s and heatedly debated in the 1980s, tabloid journalism in China flourished and enjoyed its golden decade from the mid-1990s to the mid-2000s. It has however rapidly declined since then and has ceased to exist in any real sense as a result of the interplay of some drastic ideological, communication technological, and media market changes. It is argued that an investigation of the rise and fall of tabloid journalism in the People’s Republic may shed some new light on a better understanding of not just China’s tabloid press sector itself, but also the country’s journalism in general and even some of the common issues regarding the changing ecology of print journalism in diverse social contexts.
Glbal Media and Public Diplomacy in Sino-Western Relations (Routledge), 2016
This book chapter investigates the influence of the Beijing-based Global Times (a conservative ta... more This book chapter investigates the influence of the Beijing-based Global Times (a conservative tabloid daily newspaper) on China's public diplomacy. It argues that the recent rise of the newspaper represents a crucial strategic change in China's public diplomacy. The case of the Global Times also illustrates that public diplomacy should not be understood narrowly as just selling government-directed, one-dimensional, positive national image to the rest of the world. It should also mean vigorous international dialogue, communication and debate between different players and from different perspectives. And public diplomacy does have a significant domestic dimension as well.
Journalism: Theory, Practice and Criticism, Apr 19, 2015
This study examines the changes and challenges of China’s newspaper industry by focusing on the p... more This study examines the changes and challenges of China’s newspaper industry by focusing on the popular press sector that has dominated the daily newspaper market since the early 2000s. Specifically, the study investigates three key issues: (1) the dramatic expansion of the popular press sector at the expense of the Party organ sector in the early and mid-2000s, (2) the stagnation of the popular press sector since then despite its efforts to experiment with a so-called mainstream press in the second half of the decade and (3) this study’s call for a ‘broadloid’ press approach in response to this stagnation.
Wilbur Schramm’s “Soviet” communist model and J. Herbert Altschull’s “Marxist” approach have been... more Wilbur Schramm’s “Soviet” communist model and J. Herbert Altschull’s “Marxist” approach have been widely used as general theoretical frameworks to examine press systems in the Marxist world in general and China in particular. Though a growing literature suggested significant changes in Chinese journalism in the past 2 decades, very few studies have sent a direct challenge to the 2 models’ theoretical wisdom through the Chinese case. This article finds neither of the 2 models is sufficient in conceptualizing the Chinese case because of Chinese news media’s transitional nature and the 2 models’ inner theoretical flaws as normative press theories. Furthermore, realizing the growing conflict between normative media theories and accelerated post-Cold War global media transformation, the author suggests using
a transitional media approach to revisit the traditional normative media approach and calls for a more systematic study of the transitional phenomenon of global media systems.
For nearly four years from mid 2008 to early 2012, a high profile and highly controversial mass r... more For nearly four years from mid 2008 to early 2012, a high profile and highly controversial mass red song campaign was powerfully mobilised in Chongqing by then Party chief of Chongqing Bo Xilai. In spite of its significance as a complex political-cultural discourse and immense media and public interest in it, there has been little critical academic research into case from a political communication perspective. The purpose of this study is to attempt to bridge this research gap.
Since the mid-1990s, the Chinese Communist Party's major provincial organs have established a lar... more Since the mid-1990s, the Chinese Communist Party's major provincial organs have established a large number of highly commercialized and urban-reader oriented daily newspapers, which are widely regarded as an `individual' press category called "city newspapers". As an important press phenomenon that reflects some significant recent changes in Chinese print media, the rise of city newspapers has attracted little attention in western communication scholarship so far. After a general description of the historical development of city newspapers, this article further examines their characteristics and impact on the Chinese press.
This study aims to identify and analyse the most recent media structural changes in post-WTO Chin... more This study aims to identify and analyse the most recent media structural changes in post-WTO China. The study finds that a media structural reform strategy involving an internal shakeup and external opening up is taking shape in both policy and practice. There are signs to suggest that the media sector is in transition from a market socialism model to a state-controlled capitalist corporation model. This pragmatic approach of media structural reform reflects the Chinese government's strategy to absorb private/foreign capital and western know-how of media management without losing its ownership and political control of the media sector. The author argues that a more diverse media structure and more open media market may lead to a more professional and less corrupt media system in China in the foreseeable future.
As China is seen to rise as a major power in the global economy and politics, there has been grow... more As China is seen to rise as a major power in the global economy and politics, there has been growing academic interest in the country’s changing media landscape. It is, however, never an easy task to read media systems in a post-Communist market authoritarian society like China. Students of Chinese media studies are often excited by the rapid growth and commercialization of the media industry, on the one hand, and puzzled and frustrated by its lack of press freedom and professionalism, on the other hand. This special issue of The International Communication Gazette wishes to contribute to the current academic debate on the Chinese media by identifying and focusing on some of the most recent changes in this area. Before I introduce the four articles collected in this special issue in some detail, it is useful to undertake a critical analysis of the main theoretical frameworks that have been used to understand the Chinese media ‘puzzle’ in recent research literature, and explore the
possibility of developing new ones.
Many scholars acknowledge the substantive changes in Chinese media in the post-Mao period, but re... more Many scholars acknowledge the substantive changes in Chinese media in the post-Mao period, but regret that these have not resulted in western-style press freedoms. Significant among these changes has been the emergence and rapid development of what is termed the semi-independent media that now constitute a prominent feature of China's ''socialist'' media industries. Focusing on a case study of the Chengdu Business News, this article argues that the rise of these semi-independent media, which reflects the relaxation of media regulation post-Mao, has generated significant structural and operational changes in Chinese newspapers.
Conference: The 15th Biennial Conference of the Asian Studies Association of Australia, Canberra, 29 June-2 July, 2004
China's entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) in December 2001 has invited a growing rese... more China's entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) in December 2001 has invited a growing research literature on Chinese media-transnational capital relationship in the post-WTO context. 2 This is typically reflected in relevant articles in two recent special issues from Media Development (vol. 44, no. 3, 2003) and Javnost-The Public (vol. 10, no. 4, 2003) on recent Chinese media reforms and Chin-Chuan Lee's (2003a) new-edited volume Chinese Media, Global Contexts. While these recent publications provided many insights about the issue, there was little data and analysis available to paint a picture of how Chinese media policy decision makers responded to media globalization pressure in the post-WTO context. This lack of policy analysis in literature resulted mainly in the fact that some substantial policy changes 1 This paper was presented to the 15th Biennial Conference of the Asian Studies Association of Australia in Canberra 29 June-2 July 2004. It has been peer-reviewed and appears on the Conference Proceedings website by permission of the author who retains copyright. The paper may be downloaded for fair use under the Copyright Act (1954), its later amendments and other relevant legislation. 2 In this study, except otherwise stated, the term "media" refers to the four major conventional print and electronic media (newspaper, magazine, radio, and television) and Internet media companies.
Academic investigation of the relationship between mass media and society has been a major and im... more Academic investigation of the relationship between mass media and society has been a major and important research area since mass communication studies emerged as a social science discipline in the early 20th century. But the landscape of this research area has gone through profound changes since then, particularly the shift of research focus from a more empirical-oriented sociological tradition to a more theoretical-oriented multidisciplinary critical tradition. Essentially, these changes are theoretical-methodological response to the rapidly changing media-society relationship in recent decades. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a critical introduction and analysis of the development of this research area under the conceptual roof of “media sociology”. Key issues discussed in this chapter include: the historical development of this research area, major theories and research methods, leading scholars and key publications, the focus of current debate, the perspective of this research area, and the author's comments and analysis.
从媒介社会学向传播社会学的转变无疑是近10年来传播学领域正在发生的最为深刻的变化之一。这种变化是对网络化、数字化和全球化时代快速发展的人类传播行为的一种学术回应。我们正在进入一个传播新时代，分散... more 从媒介社会学向传播社会学的转变无疑是近10年来传播学领域正在发生的最为深刻的变化之一。这种变化是对网络化、数字化和全球化时代快速发展的人类传播行为的一种学术回应。我们正在进入一个传播新时代，分散的和业余的个体、小组或群体开始以传者、受者、转播者和评论者的多重身份开始与职业媒体和媒体人分享传播资源和话语权。具有严密组织形式的职业化大众传媒在社会传播中的传统支配地位开始动摇，传播开始在前所未有的更为丰富多元的时空里以不再那么可控、那么有序和那么可预期的方式进行。这既是一场颠覆传统传播秩序的自下而上的和平演变，也是一次真正触及传播学界和业界灵魂的传播文化大革命。这一变革在客观上要求传统的“媒介社会学”驶向更为广阔的“传播社会学”的海洋。本章的主要目的有三：粗略勾勒“传播社会学”这一新的理论框架的内涵和外延；批判性地评介这一研究领域的发展过程和主要研究成果；简要讨论该领域的问题和动向。
For any researcher, attempting a comprehensive investigation of media reforms in China in the con... more For any researcher, attempting a comprehensive investigation of media reforms in China in the context of the country’s broader political, economic, and social-cultural changes in the past 30 years is likely to be a challenging and risky academic adventure, considering the scope and complexity of such a project. Media Environment and Development in the Process of Social Change in China, the current book from Professor Yicheng Luo and Associate Professor Shangbin Lu of Wuhan University, China, is a courageous and inspiring effort.
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Full-text available online: https://www.hca.westernsydney.edu.au/gmjau/?p=4427
https://www.routledge.com/Digital-Journalism-in-China/Zhang/p/book/9781032162157
https://www.routledge.com/Global-Tabloid-Culture-and-Technology/Conboy-II/p/book/9780367336264)
a transitional media approach to revisit the traditional normative media approach and calls for a more systematic study of the transitional phenomenon of global media systems.
possibility of developing new ones.
Negotiating with the global: China's response to post-WTO foreign media penetration 1. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259800439_Negotiating_with_the_global_China%27s_response_to_post-WTO_foreign_media_penetration_1 [accessed Oct 4, 2017].
Full-text available online: https://www.hca.westernsydney.edu.au/gmjau/?p=4427
https://www.routledge.com/Digital-Journalism-in-China/Zhang/p/book/9781032162157
https://www.routledge.com/Global-Tabloid-Culture-and-Technology/Conboy-II/p/book/9780367336264)
a transitional media approach to revisit the traditional normative media approach and calls for a more systematic study of the transitional phenomenon of global media systems.
possibility of developing new ones.
Negotiating with the global: China's response to post-WTO foreign media penetration 1. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259800439_Negotiating_with_the_global_China%27s_response_to_post-WTO_foreign_media_penetration_1 [accessed Oct 4, 2017].