Magnetohydrodynamic liquid metal droplet jetting of highly conductive electronic traces
Flexible and Printed Electronics
Magnetohydrodynamic Jet Printing (MJP) is a novel additive manufacturing technique that offers tr... more Magnetohydrodynamic Jet Printing (MJP) is a novel additive manufacturing technique that offers tremendous promise for the fabrication of highly conductive electronic circuits with excellent adhesion on flexible substrates. MJP is an on-demand droplet jetting process in which the fluid is molten metal rather than a conductive nanoparticle ink. The work reported here examines the influence of drop spacing and jetting frequency on line morphology and electrical resistivity. Furthermore, the equivalent wire gauge of printed lines is estimated as a function of the drop volume and drop spacing. Under optimized jetting conditions, electrical resistivity as low as 3.2 ΜΩ cm (equivalent to bulk resistivity) has been achieved in aluminum 4043 alloy printed onto flexible polyimide. Little or no substrate cleaning is needed prior to printing, and post processing steps such as drying and curing are eliminated with this technique. The process uses metal wire as the feedstock material, making it s...
One of the major problems the world faces currently is the loss of energy and mechanical efficien... more One of the major problems the world faces currently is the loss of energy and mechanical efficiency in machine components due to friction. Also, surface damage due to friction and resulting part repairs and replacement has cost US industries a reportedly US $280 billion/year. Recent work in the field of surface modification and texturing has shown, that, artificially created micro textures significantly reduce friction and wear of lubricated surfaces. Micro-scale artificial textures in friction paring contacts acts as lubricant reservoirs and wear particle receptacles to boost hydrodynamic pressure, which influences the lubrication regimes. In this study, the Stribeck curve of untextured and textured surfaces created using vibration/modulation-assisted-machining are determined experimentally and numerically. Aluminum 6061-T6 disk mated with a high speed steel pin are studied in a pin-on-disk tribometer configuration for varying speeds and texture depths. Results show that at low spe...
In standard 2 Wheel Steering System, the rear set of wheels are always directed forward and do no... more In standard 2 Wheel Steering System, the rear set of wheels are always directed forward and do not play an active role in controlling the steering. While in 4 Wheel Steering System, the rear wheels do play an active role for steering, which can be guided at high as well as low speeds. Production cars are designed to under steer and rarely do they over steer. If a car could automatically compensate for an under steer/over steer problem, the driver would enjoy nearly neutral steering under varying operating conditions. Also in situations like low speed cornering, vehicle parking and driving in city conditions with heavy traffic in tight spaces, driving would be very difficult due to a sedan's larger wheelbase and track width. Hence there is a requirement of a mechanism which result in less turning radius. We have developed an innovative 4 wheel steering design to implement a mechanism that can serve the purpose of changing in-phase and counter-phase steering of rear wheels dependi...
Magnetohydrodynamic liquid metal droplet jetting of highly conductive electronic traces
Flexible and Printed Electronics
Magnetohydrodynamic Jet Printing (MJP) is a novel additive manufacturing technique that offers tr... more Magnetohydrodynamic Jet Printing (MJP) is a novel additive manufacturing technique that offers tremendous promise for the fabrication of highly conductive electronic circuits with excellent adhesion on flexible substrates. MJP is an on-demand droplet jetting process in which the fluid is molten metal rather than a conductive nanoparticle ink. The work reported here examines the influence of drop spacing and jetting frequency on line morphology and electrical resistivity. Furthermore, the equivalent wire gauge of printed lines is estimated as a function of the drop volume and drop spacing. Under optimized jetting conditions, electrical resistivity as low as 3.2 ΜΩ cm (equivalent to bulk resistivity) has been achieved in aluminum 4043 alloy printed onto flexible polyimide. Little or no substrate cleaning is needed prior to printing, and post processing steps such as drying and curing are eliminated with this technique. The process uses metal wire as the feedstock material, making it s...
One of the major problems the world faces currently is the loss of energy and mechanical efficien... more One of the major problems the world faces currently is the loss of energy and mechanical efficiency in machine components due to friction. Also, surface damage due to friction and resulting part repairs and replacement has cost US industries a reportedly US $280 billion/year. Recent work in the field of surface modification and texturing has shown, that, artificially created micro textures significantly reduce friction and wear of lubricated surfaces. Micro-scale artificial textures in friction paring contacts acts as lubricant reservoirs and wear particle receptacles to boost hydrodynamic pressure, which influences the lubrication regimes. In this study, the Stribeck curve of untextured and textured surfaces created using vibration/modulation-assisted-machining are determined experimentally and numerically. Aluminum 6061-T6 disk mated with a high speed steel pin are studied in a pin-on-disk tribometer configuration for varying speeds and texture depths. Results show that at low spe...
In standard 2 Wheel Steering System, the rear set of wheels are always directed forward and do no... more In standard 2 Wheel Steering System, the rear set of wheels are always directed forward and do not play an active role in controlling the steering. While in 4 Wheel Steering System, the rear wheels do play an active role for steering, which can be guided at high as well as low speeds. Production cars are designed to under steer and rarely do they over steer. If a car could automatically compensate for an under steer/over steer problem, the driver would enjoy nearly neutral steering under varying operating conditions. Also in situations like low speed cornering, vehicle parking and driving in city conditions with heavy traffic in tight spaces, driving would be very difficult due to a sedan's larger wheelbase and track width. Hence there is a requirement of a mechanism which result in less turning radius. We have developed an innovative 4 wheel steering design to implement a mechanism that can serve the purpose of changing in-phase and counter-phase steering of rear wheels dependi...
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