Anatomy

Introduction: Formaldehyde has been used since decades as a time tested embalming fluid material either alone or in mixture with methyl alcohol, thymol crystals, glycerin and water. We in Medical College, Raigarh use 37% formaldehyde, 7% methyl alcohol and the remaining water to prepare embalming solution for cadavers. The concentration of formaldehyde is usually expressed in terms of parts per million (1 ppm= 1.248 mg/cu.m.). Vapours emanating out of the cadavers within the dissection hall is a potential source of health hazard for all medical professionals, student, faculty or technicians. The discomfort includes irritation to the mucous membrane of the nose, respiratory tract, eyes and also causes allergic reaction of the skin. Materials and Methods: Keeping track of the unconsciously caused complaints, we made a sincere attempt to chalk out the effects of formaldehyde fumes on 100 first MBBS students of Medical College, Raigarh (C.G) as they are virgin in terms of formalin exposure. Results: The obtained results were quite dramatic. Maximum number of students was positive as among the various symptoms described. Discussion: Medical students during their dissection course are exposed to formaldehyde, whose exposure is recently considered to be one of the causes of multiple chemical sensitivity. The present study broadly reflects the toxic effects over the first MBBS Indian medical students Conclusion: The presentation also recommends possible methods for reduction of formalin exposure so that the medical students can enter the dissection hall without any mental tension of toxicity of formalin vapours.

Facial features differ amongst different races and ethnic groups. For evaluation of deviations in craniofacial morphology, standards of anthropometric measurements for a particular population should be established. The study was carried out to determine the mean values of facial, nasal, maxillary, mandibular and oro-facial heights of the adults of the Bheel – Meena tribes of Southern Rajasthan. 1000 subjects purely of the ethnic tribe group comprising of 500 males and 500 females, aged between 18 – 50 years were used for the study. The parameters were measured using a sliding vernier caliper. The resultant means of the measurements for the male populations were, for facial height 11.731 cm, nasal height 4.761 cm, maxillary height 2.011 cm, mandibular height 4.599 cm and oro-facial height 6.610 cm. The same readings for the females were 10.559 cm, 4.570 cm, 1.987 cm, 4.002 cm and 5.989 cm respectively. Statistical analysis using students ‘t’ test showed that the mean values of males ...

Determining the sex of human skeletal remains, using the skull is important to the disciplines of human osteology, forensic anthropology, paleopathology and paleodemography as compared to other bones in the body namely the human pelvis and long bones. The skull offers a high resistance to adverse environmental conditions over time, resulting in the greater stability of the dimorphic features as compared to other skeletal bone pieces. Moreover, some authors have highlighted the importance of the petrous portion of the temporal bone and its general preservation in cases of extreme unfavourable conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the existence of sexual dimorphism in the dimensions and the area of mastoid triangle related to the 3 craniometeric points: porion, asterion and mastoidale. A total of 100 skulls, 50 male and 50 female were analyzed. On each skull the 3 craniometeric points were marked on each side. The area (mm2) for each side of the skull right (D) and le...

e supernumerary heads of biceps brachii with rational and gender differences. The origin of heads of biceps brachii may vary from 3 to 7, most commonly 3 heads of biceps brachii is observed around in 10% of population. The present study was carried to find the supernumerary heads of biceps brachii muscle in Chhattisgarh population. The current study was carried on 32 formalin fixed upper limbs (16 cadavers) in department of anatomy, Late Shri Lakhiram Agrwal Memorial Government Medical College, Raigarh, Chhattisgarh. The arm was dissected carefully to find the biceps brachii from origin to insertion. The accessory head (Third head) of biceps brachii was found in 6 limbs (18.7%). The third head of biceps brachii was originated from antero-medial aspect of the humerus. The variations found in relation to the heads of biceps brachii are worthy to known during surgeries of arm. Keywords: Biceps brachii, Supernumerary heads, Humerus, musculocutaneous nerve.

Estimation of sex, age, ethinicity and stature forms the basic pillars of medico-legal, bioarcheological and forensic anthropological studies. In the field of forensic anthropology, fragmentary human remains demand special approach, as they are inflicted by different types of inhumation, or physical insults. The basicranium is best suited for such studies, as it is well protected by soft tissues like muscles, ligaments and tendons, even in the most mutilated or disfigured remains of human skull. This article analyzes the performance of the diagnostic tests for sex determination by examining the basicranium, using the measurements of occipital condyles, which would in turn establish relationship between the sexes and their bilateral differences. In this study 100 skulls (50 male and 50 female) were obtained from teaching skeletal collections at the anatomy departments of government and private medical colleges at Nagpur and Udaipur. From these skulls the axial length of the occipital...

Facial features differ amongst different races and ethnic groups. For evaluation of deviations in craniofacial morphology, standards of anthropometric measurements for a particular population should be established. The study was carried out to determine the mean values of facial, nasal, maxillary, mandibular and oro-facial heights of the adults of the Bheel-Meena tribes of Southern Rajasthan. 1000 subjects purely of the ethnic tribe group comprising of 500 males and 500 females, aged between 18-50 years were used for the study. The parameters were measured using a sliding vernier caliper. The resultant means of the measurements for the male populations were, for facial height 11.731 cm, nasal height 4.761 cm, maxillary height 2.011 cm, mandibular height 4.599 cm and oro-facial height 6.610 cm. The same readings for the females were 10.559 cm, 4.570 cm, 1.987 cm, 4.002 cm and 5.989 cm respectively. Statistical analysis using students 't' test showed that the mean values of males had significantly higher values than the females in all facial parameters measured, except for maxillary height (p < 0.001). The data was found to be sexually dimorphic and the values thus obtained are recommended to the craniofacial surgeons, forensic experts and anthropologists.