Papers by Ravindra Aharwal
Objective: The aim of the present investigation is to examine the collected wild mushroom for the... more Objective: The aim of the present investigation is to examine the collected wild mushroom for their in-vitro antibacterial activity and cultivation of potential mushroom strains. Methods: screening of mushrooms for in-vitro antibacterial activity against six pathogenic bacteria i.e. Bacillus subtilis ( B. subtilis ), Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes), Escherichia coli ( E. coli ), Klebsiella pneumoniae ( K. pneumoniae ), Salmonella typhimurium ( S. typhimurium ), Enterococcous sp. ( E. coccous ) by agar well diffusion method. Result: Pleurotus sajor-caju showed the maximum zone of inhibition against all the pathogenic bacteria . Conclusion: From the result we conclude that the mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju is potent for antibacterial activity.
The evaluation of phenotypic variability, heritability, genetic advance and diversity in germplas... more The evaluation of phenotypic variability, heritability, genetic advance and diversity in germplasm collections is important for both plant breeders and germplasm curators to optimize the use of the variability available. A total of 100 sesame accessions collected from diverse ecologies of India were used in this research work. Analysis of variance revealed significant difference among genotypes for all the nine characters studied. High heritability combined with high genetic advance was recorded for seed yield/plant, number of secondary branches/plant and 1000 seed weight indicating that these characters are controlled by additive gene effect and phenotypic selection of these characters would be effective for further breeding purpose.Genetic divergence using Mahalanobis D 2 statistics was worked out and based on D 2 values the germplasm lines were grouped into eleven different clusters. Clustering was not associated with the geographical distribution instead accessions were mainly g...
ABSTRACT Endophytes are those organisms that colonize the living internal tissues of their hosts ... more ABSTRACT Endophytes are those organisms that colonize the living internal tissues of their hosts without causing any visible symptoms. Several fungal endophytes have been isolated from a variety of plant species which have proved as a rich source of bioactive compounds. Calotropis procera (Linn.) R.Br. a widely used medicinal plant in India, were exploited for endophytes as a possible source of bioactive secondary metabolites. Considering the importance of this plant, a study was conducted to determine the colonization frequency of endophytic fungi and to evaluate the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonae, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis of DMSO crude extracts of fungal endophytes from this plant. The endophytic fungi from different parts of the plant (leaves, stems and roots) were isolated, pure cultures were raised and identified based on the morphology and characteristics of fungal spores. The highest colonization frequency of fungi was observed in leaf (Aspergillus niger, 33.33 %), stem (Altenaria alternate, 33.33%) and root (Curvularia lunata, 33.33%). The endophytic fungi that displayed broad spectrum antibacterial activity include: Fusarium solani, Cladosporium herbarum, Curvularia pallescens, Alternaria alternata and Drechslera nodulosa. Our preliminary results indicate that crude extracts of endophytic fungi of Calotropis procera (Linn.) R.Br. may possess some antibacterial bioactive compounds. Key Words: Antibacterial activity, Endophytic fungi, DMSO crude extract, Morphological study, Calotropis procera (Linn.) R.Br.
Current Trends in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 2022
Nutraceuticals has great health benefits, as it is used in the treatment of many diseases, in add... more Nutraceuticals has great health benefits, as it is used in the treatment of many diseases, in addition to acting as a preventative from many diseases. They are natural, biologically active compounds found in foods, nutritional supplements, and herbal plants. Their importance is due to the fact that they contain active chemical compounds. It is distinguished from the use of medical drugs in that it has no side effects compared to medical drugs. In addition, it has a positive effect on promoting the health of the heart and the immune system. Because of its importance, the Indian government has passed the Food Safety Act and standards to regulate the nutrient industry. The use and enjoyment of herbs and spices has become widespread all over the world. Because of their great benefits, they will have a distinguished and prestigious position in the future.
The current research focuses on the isolation of bioactive compounds from the natural sources whi... more The current research focuses on the isolation of bioactive compounds from the natural sources which have immense potential for pharmaceutical value. Pharmaceutical biology perceives plants as a unique resource of potentially precious remedial bioactive metabolites. But due to slow growth and harvest of endangerd plants species pose a threat and inbalance in the biodiversity of plants. However, most of the plant species occur on the earth to be a reservoir of vast numbers of endophytic microorganisms like bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi that play an imperative role in the production of novel secondary metabolites for the defense of host and can be utilized for treatment of a number of ailments. Search for isolation and characterization of different plant-associated fungal origin novel bioactive metabolites are given an immense attention to global investigators. The endophytic fungi are an enormous manufacturer of bioactive compounds which can be widely used in the medical, agricul...
The aim of the present study was to isolate, identify and observe antibacterial activity of the e... more The aim of the present study was to isolate, identify and observe antibacterial activity of the endophytic fungi against some pathogenic bacteria as well as to optimize various parameters for maximum production of antibacterial bioactive compounds. Endophytic fungi were isolated from Menthe viridis collected from Khamariya, Jabalpur M.P. (India). Screening of endophytic fungi for in-vitro antibacterial activity against six pathogenic bacteria i.e. Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium and Enterococcus sp. was seen by agar well diffusion method. The potent fungus was optimized for suitable media, pH, temperature and salt concentration to obtain the maximum production of bioactive compound. A total eight endophytic fungi Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani, Aspergillus repens, Alterneria alternata, Alternaria sp., Phoma hedericola and Fusarium oxysporum were isolated and evaluated with respect to...
Endophytes are microorganisms that are present in tissues of different plants part ( leaf , stem ... more Endophytes are microorganisms that are present in tissues of different plants part ( leaf , stem and root ) without causing any damage to plants and also develop a communal relationship with the host plant . The aim of t he present study was to isolate the endop hytic fungi from Saraca indica and observe their antibacterial activity against six pathogenic bacteria like Escherchia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus sp . , Salmonella typhimur ium and Staphylococcus aureus . Different types of endophytic fungi like Phomopsis sp., Aspergillus terr e us , Phialophora sp., Alternaria alternate , Phyllosticta sp . and two unidentified species named as sterile mycelia were isolated from the Saraca indica . M ost of the fungal metabolites give better ac tivity against these bacteria in - vitro . The further isolation of these novel bioactive compounds from endophytic fungi will also lead to the invention of new effective antibacterial compounds .
The aim of this study was to identify the endophytic fungi from medicinal plant Ricinus communis ... more The aim of this study was to identify the endophytic fungi from medicinal plant Ricinus communis and to investigate their potential antibacterial activity. 10 fungal species of endophytic fungi were successfully isolated from Ricinus communis including Aspergillus fumigates, Aspergillus japonicas, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium semitectum, Curvularia pallescens, Phoma hedericola, Alternaria tenuissima, Fusarium solani, Drechslera australien and Aspergillus repens. The fungal extracts were assessed for antibacterial activity against six human pathogenic bacterial strains: Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcous sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus. Most of the extracts showed in vitro inhibition of bacterial growth. The phytochemical screening revealed the existence of a diverse group of secondary metabolites in the crude extracts of the endophytic fungi that resemble those in the host plant extracts.
Current Pharmacology Reports, 2021
Nowadays, the need of novel biological active compounds is growing as there is remarkable increas... more Nowadays, the need of novel biological active compounds is growing as there is remarkable increase in antibiotic resistance developed in microbes. In the present time, the need of new active novel biological molecules is growing as there is remarkable increase in antibiotic resistance. Therefore, the main purpose of this review articles is to introduce endophytic mycoflora that play important role in production of secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical and agriculture interest that fight against various bacterial infections and diseases. According to recent research, endophyte produces antibacterial compounds in the host via an alternative biochemical pathway. Endophytic mycoflora are rich source of metabolites that can be used in the treatment of a variety of bacterial diseases. As a result, the production of novel antibacterial compounds by these microbes can help to reduce the load of compound extraction from plants also helping to reduce plant biodiversity loss. The current rev...
There is a need to search new ecological niches for potential of natural bioactive agents for dif... more There is a need to search new ecological niches for potential of natural bioactive agents for different pharmaceutical, agriculture and industrial application; these should be renewable, eco-friendly and easily obtainable natural products discovery in the search for new drugs, and is the most potent source for the discovery of novel bioactive compounds. Therefore, a large number of bioactive compounds are isolated from the plants, bacteria, fungi and many other organisms. Endophytic fungi being the most promising of these have been a source of various such bioactive compounds. Many of these compounds are being used for the treatment of a number of diseases. The present review gives a detailed account about endophytic fungi and the antimicrobial bioactive compounds produced by them.
Bioactive compounds of endophytic fungi exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancerous, antivi... more Bioactive compounds of endophytic fungi exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancerous, antiviral and insecticidal properties. They harbor inter or intra-cellular in the plants epidermal layer. They are the most potent microorganism in establishing interrelationship with plant without harming them or asymptomatically. They have the mechanism which enables them to establish association with the plant and produce similar bioactive compound as plant produce. This research paper focused on the isolation, production, screening and separation of exploitable bioactive compounds from the plants Bombex cebia and Argemone mexicana. Total 15 fungi were isolated from segments of the plants in which fungal isolate SR2 isolated from leaf of Bombex cebia, AMS2 and AMS3 isolated from stem of Argemone mexicana showed best antibacterial result against six bacterial strains of Ethyl acetate crude extract. SR2 showed maximum zone of inhibition (27mm) against B. subtilis, AMS2 showed maximum zone of ...
Biodegradation is a cost effective and eco-friendly treatment for oil-contaminated materials by t... more Biodegradation is a cost effective and eco-friendly treatment for oil-contaminated materials by the use of microorganisms. The principal hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms are bacteria and fungi. Microorganisms can degrade oil and petroleum as an energy source and this may provide an enormous scope to remediate soils contaminated with petroleum and oil contents. The present study is an attempt to isolate and find out oil and hydrocarbon degrading fungi from oil and petroleum contaminated region of Jabalpur. Total 5 fungal strains were isolated; they had towering capability to degrade the hydrocarbon and oil. Those fungal isolates were Aspergillus sp., Popularia sp., Geotrichum sp., Periconia sp. and one isolate was unidentified among them. The biodegradation of hydrocarbons and oil was determined by using spectrophotometric and Diethyl ether analysis. Results were recorded in the form of biodegradation percentage and optical density of hydrocarbon. There are numerous problems deal...
Microorganisms for Sustainability
The growing commercialization all over the world has led to a boost in the widespread use of chem... more The growing commercialization all over the world has led to a boost in the widespread use of chemical pesticides for crop protection in agricultural fields. It has not only contributed to an increase in food production, but its toxic and non-biodegradable character has also resulted in adverse effects on environment and nontarget organisms. Moreover, most of the pests have developed resistance against them. These drawbacks of conventional pesticides have led to an increase in the need for the search of some novel, non-harmful, eco-friendly pesticides. Natural pest control materials commonly known as biocontrol agents are the most promising of them. Biocontrol agents include macroorganisms as well as microorganisms. The microorganisms used are bacteria, fungi, viruses, nematodes and protozoan. The exploitation of these natural and renewable resources is essential for a successful biocontrol strategy. The present review focuses on the use of fungi as potential biocontrol agent for insect pest management. Different fungal formulations and metabolites that have been successfully implemented for pest control and some of the recent patents in this field are also discussed here.
Current Pharmacology Reports
Purpose of Review Endophytes such as bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes are play significant role ... more Purpose of Review Endophytes such as bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes are play significant role in the production of bioactive metabolites and plant defence mechanisms. These endophytes develop asymptomatically in the inner tissues and cells of the host plant without causing any symptoms. But studies are ongoing on endophytic fungi, since many of the mycoflora endophytes are unstudied as well as widespread and highly diverse. Endophytic fungi are a large source of different types of metabolites that can be used for the treatment of various types of diseases and manufacture of drugs in the pharmaceutical industries. Recent studies have shown that endophytic fungi, through their alternative biochemical pathway in the host, and produce some anticancer compounds. Recent Findings The production of novel anticancer compounds by endophytic fungi can help to reduce the amount of anticancer compounds extracted from plants and also help to reduce the loss of plant biodiversity. As per observation, every plant examined to date has a flora of at least one endophyte and, in the case of woody plants, more than a hundred species of endophytic fungi may be present in different parts of the plant. Endophytic fungi are the best producer of many bioactive anticancer compounds, such as taxol, podophyllotoxin, camptothecin and their derivatives. Summary The present review focuses on biosynthesis of anticancer bioactive compounds from endophytic fungi. Furthermore, it explains the mechanism of action of the anticancer compounds and their application.
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research
Objective: The main purpose of the present study was to isolate the endophytic fungi from Tridax ... more Objective: The main purpose of the present study was to isolate the endophytic fungi from Tridax procumbens L. and evaluate their antibacterial activity at different concentration of compatible solvents extracted metabolites against the test pathogenic bacterial strain, as well as the molecular characterization of potent endophytic fungal isolate that showed the maximum antibacterial activity.Methods: The endophytic fungi were isolated from the different parts of the collected T. procumbens plant. Screening of endophytic fungi for the antibacterial activity was scrutinized against five pathogenic bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella typhimurium using agar well diffusion method. After screening, the metabolite of the potent fungal isolate was extracted using different solvents by solvent-solvent extraction procedure and observed their antibacterial activity. For molecular identification of the fungi, the D...
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Objective: The aim of the present study was to isolate the endophytic fungi from medicinal plant ... more Objective: The aim of the present study was to isolate the endophytic fungi from medicinal plant Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz. (Family Apocynaceae) and observed their antibacterial activity against bacteria as well as the molecular characterization of most potent fungal strain. Methods: Collection and isolation of endophytic fungi from different parts (root, shoot, leaves) of Rauvolfia serpentina plant. Screening of endophytic fungi for antibacterial activity was scrutinised against six bacteria viz. Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Streptococcus pyogenes by using Agar well diffusion method. For molecular sequencing of potent fungi, the DNA was extracted, quantified and amplified by using two oligonucleotide primers ITS4 and ITS6 in PCR.Results: A total seven endophytic fungi Aspergillus niger, Penicillium citrinum, Cladosporium sp., Curvularia lunata, Aspergillus sp., Alternaria sp. and Aspergillus ...
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2016
Endophytic mycoflora are ubiquitous organisms residing in the internal tissues of the plants, at ... more Endophytic mycoflora are ubiquitous organisms residing in the internal tissues of the plants, at least for a portion of their lives without causing apparent symptoms of infection. Endophytes serve as rich sources of novel natural compounds with a wide-spectrum of biologically active agents. This review reveals the significance of endophytic mycoflora from plants as sources of bioactive organic compounds. The bioactive compounds produced by endophytic fungi originate by various biosynthetic pathways like PKS/NRPS. These compounds belong to diverse structural groups such as alkaloids, benzopyranones, chinones, cytochalasines, depsipeptides, enniatines, flavonoids, furandiones, isocumarines, peptides, polyketones, phenols, quinols, terpenoids, tetralones and xanthones were characterized by NMR, mass spectrometry, X-ray crystallography etc. Therefore, endophytes, represent a chemical reservoir for array of new compounds which are anti-cancerous, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-parasitical, anti-viral, anti-mycobacterium, anti-insecticidal, antimalarial, antibiotic , immunosuppressive & immunomodulatory agents, also in addition, other compounds were used in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. This paper mainly focuses on the exploration of novel and useful compounds from endophytic mycoflora, and study of their roles in cure of diseases, the recent scenario of screening approach for novel drugs and their pharmacological interest.
Diagnosis of cancer using a neural network approach engaging cloud computing has become one of th... more Diagnosis of cancer using a neural network approach engaging cloud computing has become one of the widest used technique for diagnosis of cancer. Generally, cloud computing facilitates data protection, privacy and medical record access whereas neural network judges the possibility rate of tumors in 960 of 1008 cases by using data from cancer positive patients (via tumor size, number of nodules, tumor hormone receptor status, etc.). User Interface Medical Services (UIMS) are the new developmental framework proposed for cancer diagnosis wherein neural networks and cloud computing enhances the efficiency and accuracy for diagnosis. In the present paper, the use of neural networks in diagnosis of cancer has been described with special reference to breast cancer detection using a cloud computing model. The paper also provides an overview of the different types of software's used in cloud computing and how the utilization of neural network structures improves the medication and diagnosis of cancer in early stages.
Objective: The aim of the present investigation is to examine the collected wild mushroom for the... more Objective: The aim of the present investigation is to examine the collected wild mushroom for their in-vitro antibacterial activity and cultivation of potential mushroom strains. Methods: screening of mushrooms for in-vitro antibacterial activity against six pathogenic bacteria i.e. Bacillus subtilis ( B. subtilis ), Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes), Escherichia coli ( E. coli ), Klebsiella pneumoniae ( K. pneumoniae ), Salmonella typhimurium ( S. typhimurium ), Enterococcous sp. ( E. coccous ) by agar well diffusion method. Result: Pleurotus sajor-caju showed the maximum zone of inhibition against all the pathogenic bacteria . Conclusion: From the result we conclude that the mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju is potent for antibacterial activity.
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Papers by Ravindra Aharwal