Mathematics

There are real needs to integrate types of Open Educational Resources (OER) with an intelligent system to extract information and knowledge in the semantic searching level. The needs came because most of current learning standard adopted web based learning and the e-learning systems do not always serve all educational goals. Semantic Web systems provide educators, students, and researchers with intelligent queries based on a semantic knowledge management learning system. An ontology-based learning system is an advanced system, where ontology plays the core of the semantic web in a smart learning environment. The objective of this paper is to discuss the potentials of ontologies and mapping different kinds of ontologies; heterogeneous or homogenous to manage and control different types of Open Educational Resources. The important contribution of this research is that it uses logical rules and conceptual relations to map between ontologies of different educational resources. We expect...

Different available data as images, texts, or database may be mapped into an equivalent or approximate binary relation. A text may be considered as a binary relation relating sentences to words, while a numerical table may be represented by a binary relation after using some scaling approach. A social network may be also represented by a formal context. The objective of this paper is to present an original approach for covering a binary relation by formal concepts based on isolated single or multiple properties, i.e., those belonging to only one concept. As a matter of fact, isolated properties are efficiently used for discriminating and labeling concepts. The latter are used for browsing in a corpora, or in a document by navigating through associated labels. By using fringe relations, the presented approach compared to those of the literature has the advantage of offering a relevant feature of a context by significant labels. Carried out experiments show the benefits of the introduced approach.