Papers by Farhan Sami Khan
The study provides estimates of the private return to education in Pakistan. A Mincerian earning ... more The study provides estimates of the private return to education in Pakistan. A Mincerian earning function is estimated using the latest available household survey data of 2001-02. Inter-provincial, inter-sectoral and inter-regional variations in earning and educational attainment are explored. The paper also investigates the inter-temporal changes in returns using the household survey of 1990-91. The impact of quality of education on earning is also estimated.
This paper examines the trends in marginal rates of return to various levels of education for pai... more This paper examines the trends in marginal rates of return to various levels of education for paid employees and how rewards for additional investments at a particular level of education has changed over time. Although the findings are indicative of increasing returns at different educational levels (excluding Graduation) over the years, we find no evidence that additional investments at successive levels bring consistently higher returns as highlighted by certain previous studies in Pakistan. The changes in returns at the primary and pre secondary levels have been found to be miniscule, taking the time span into consideration. The paper has also examined the returns to education between males and females and across urban and rural areas in view of the large disparities that exist by gender and region. Our findings indicate that although the wage structure may be biased in favour of males, additional investments made in female education accrue higher returns in comparison to males. Moreover, higher education is better rewarded in the urban areas whereas medium of instruction is a significant indicator of earning differentials in the labour market. * The authors are Research Officers at the Social Policy and Development Centre (SPDC), Karachi. The authors acknowledge Mr. Haroon Jamal, Principal Economist at the SPDC for his assistance in the course of the study. All the omissions and commissions are the responsibility of the authors. 1 These studies have focused on two major aspects: rates of return to education and ageearnings profile. The first approach examines the returns to education by attainment of schooling, experience and other variables. The second approach focuses on the relationship between earnings and age i.e. how earnings profile vary according to age cohorts.
The paper analyses the income patterns of women workers employed in the urban manufacturing secto... more The paper analyses the income patterns of women workers employed in the urban manufacturing sector of Pakistan. It examines the wage differentials across regions, manufacturing sectors and industrial categories including large scale factories, small-scale enterprises and home based work. The central conclusion is that wages of women workers across sectors and industry size vary because of differences in the capital-labour ratio and hence labour productivity. The paper determines the proportion of women earning above and below the legally mandated minimum wage, which differs significantly across formal and informal industries. Finally, the earnings of workers have been examined in the context of human capital accumulation.
Reports by Farhan Sami Khan
Monitoring and Evaluation by Farhan Sami Khan
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Papers by Farhan Sami Khan
Reports by Farhan Sami Khan
Monitoring and Evaluation by Farhan Sami Khan