Water resource planning, management, conservation, and monitoring of any river basin must address... more Water resource planning, management, conservation, and monitoring of any river basin must address complex science and issues using available resources, tools, and techniques under a changing climate. While much of the complexities of river basin management are human-induced, climate change has increased the complexities and challenges. Each river basin/water resources system is unique with respect to its management issues, challenges, and climatic and environmental conditions. Therefore, river basin planning, management, and conservation approaches must adapt to these situations. River basin planning, management, and conservation strategy should be based on those situations, especially when we have to plan, manage, and conserve water resources of the river basin under changing climate. This book has focused on using an integrated approach, which includes modeling, trend analysis, the role of infrastructure, and community participation in river basin management under changing climate. The participation and contribution of stakeholders in river basin management are critical to building sustainable water resource management in a river basin. This chapter has summarized the 13 chapters of the book in four sections for water resources planning, conservation, monitoring, and management, including modeling.
Mobile phone and Internet technology usage (MPITU) in organizational systems are rapidly escalati... more Mobile phone and Internet technology usage (MPITU) in organizational systems are rapidly escalating. MPITU has advanced agricultural structures and has considerably revolutionized agricultural activities to enhance smart agriculture. The main objective of this research was to effectively evaluate the impact of MPITU on the selection of sales productivity and marketing channels and examine if MPITU helps increase the incomes of growers. It is crucial to understand whether MPITU can ultimately increase the incomes of rural farmers. This study used data set of 580 wheat growers from four districts in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province (KPK) of Pakistan. We used propensity score matching (PSM), ordinary least squares (OLS), and Heckman's two-step regression (HTSR) techniques to achieve the research goals. The larger the MPITU, the more substantial and positive the impact on agricultural income. After applying the PSM and Heckman regression methods, it was found that MPITU significantly improved the efficiency of selecting sales channels. Its impact on agricultural profits was also leading (about 41%), with support and non-agricultural profits exceeding 31%. Finally, the results showed a significant impact of the choice of favorable auction and marketing channels on the rural farmer's income. It is recommended that government and non-governmental organizations improve the rural and agricultural development policies. In addition, the authorities should expand MPITU training services for farmers, including wheat growers, which may help improve growers' ability to increase agricultural productivity and household income.
This study evaluates the effect of the statistical bias correction techniques of distribution map... more This study evaluates the effect of the statistical bias correction techniques of distribution mapping and linear scaling on climate change signals and extreme rainfall indices under different climate change scenarios in the Jemma sub-basin of the Upper Blue Nile Basin. The mean, cumulative distribution function (CDF), mean absolute error (MAE), probability of wet days (Prwet (%)), and 90th percentile (X90 (mm)) of observed rainfall and the regional climate model (RCM) simulations of rainfall with and without statistical bias correction were compared with the historical climate (1981–2005). For future (2071–2100) climate scenarios, the change in climate signal and extreme rainfall indices in the RCM simulations with and without bias correction were also evaluated using different statistical metrics. The result showed that the statistical bias correction techniques effectively adjusted the mean annual and monthly RCM simulations of rainfall to the observed rainfall. However, distribut...
The relationship between government intervention and cooperative development has always been a so... more The relationship between government intervention and cooperative development has always been a source of controversy in the developing world. This paper aims to examine the rationale and successful conditions of government intervention to promote cooperative development in poor areas of rural China. In the context of the “targeted poverty alleviation” program (2015–2020), a government-led campaign covering all poverty-stricken villages in west China, cooperative development was listed by the central government as a criterion for evaluating successful intervention at the county government level. Accordingly, the central questions of this paper are: why is government intervention necessary to initiate a process of cooperative development in poor areas of China; and under what conditions can government intervention be successful, leading to sustainable cooperative development? Bearing in mind the complexity of government intervention with mixed results, both successful and failed, the ...
A multimode, dual functional nanomaterial, CNTs-Ag2S, comprised of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and si... more A multimode, dual functional nanomaterial, CNTs-Ag2S, comprised of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and silver sulfide (Ag2S) nanoparticles, was prepared through the facile hydrothermal process. Before the deposition of Ag2S nanoparticles, hydrophobic CNTs were modified to become hydrophilic through refluxing with a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids. The oxidized CNTs were employed to deposit the Ag2S nanoparticles for their efficient immobilization and homogenous distribution. The CNTs-Ag2S could adsorb toxic Cd(II) and completely degrade the hazardous Alizarin yellow R present in water. The adsorption efficiency of CNTs-Ag2S was evaluated by estimating the Cd(II) adsorption at different concentrations and contact times. The CNTs-Ag2S could adsorb Cd(II) entirely within 80 min of the contact time, while CNTs and Ag2S could not pursue it. The Cd(II) adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order, and chemisorption was the rate-determining step in the adsorption process. The Webe...
This study evaluates hydrology and hydrological extremes under future climate change scenarios. T... more This study evaluates hydrology and hydrological extremes under future climate change scenarios. The climate change scenarios were developed from multiple Global Circulation Models (GCMs), Representative Concentration Pathway (RCPs) scenarios, and statistical downscaling techniques. The hydrological model, Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), was calibrated and validated using the Differential Split-Sample (DSS), where the observed period was divided into relatively 'dry' and 'wet' periods based on observed streamflow. This was to ensure hydrological model robustness simulating contrasting climate conditions. The model was also calibrated and validated at the multi-gauges of the watershed. The multi-model ensemble and single-climate model simulations were used to quantify changes in hydrology and hydrological extremes under future climate scenarios. Future climate change scenarios revealed a reduction in precipitation (in the order of -9.1% to 4.9%) and a consistent inc...
An efficient adsorbent, CNTs–PAMAM–Ag, was prepared by grafting fourth-generation aromatic poly(a... more An efficient adsorbent, CNTs–PAMAM–Ag, was prepared by grafting fourth-generation aromatic poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and successive deposition of Ag nanoparticles. The FT–IR, XRD, TEM and XPS results confirmed the successful grafting of PAMAM onto CNTs and deposition of Ag nanoparticles. The absorption efficiency of CNTs–PAMAM–Ag was evaluated by estimating the adsorption of two toxic contaminants in water, viz., Pb(II) and As(III). Using CNTs–PAMAM–Ag, about 99 and 76% of Pb(II) and As(III) adsorption, respectively, were attained within 15 min. The controlling mechanisms for Pb(II) and As(III) adsorption dynamics were revealed by applying pseudo-first and second-order kinetic models. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model followed the adsorption of Pb(II) and As(III). Therefore, the incidence of chemisorption through sharing or exchanging electrons between Pb(II) or As(III) ions and CNTs–PAMAM–Ag could be the rate-controlling step in the adsorption process....
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
The world faces a once-in-a-century transformation due to the COVID-19 pandemic, adversely affect... more The world faces a once-in-a-century transformation due to the COVID-19 pandemic, adversely affecting farmers’ employment, production practices, and livelihood resilience. Meanwhile, climate change (CC) is a crucial issue limiting agricultural production worldwide. Farmers’ lives, severely affected by extreme weather conditions, are resulting in the reduced production of major economic crops. The CC has drastically influenced the major agricultural sectors of Pakistan, leading to a significant decline in farmers’ living standards and the overall economy. Climate-smart and eco-friendly agricultural practices can mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and ameliorate agricultural productivity under extreme environmental conditions. This paper highlights farmers’ autonomous CC adaptation strategies and their influence on cash crop (maize for this study) yield under prevailing circumstances. The current study used a simultaneous equation model to examine the different adaptation impacts on ada...
Rainfall-triggered shallow landslide events have caused losses of human lives and millions of eur... more Rainfall-triggered shallow landslide events have caused losses of human lives and millions of euros in damage to property in all parts of the world. The need to prevent such hazards combined with the difficulty of describing the geomorphological processes over regional scales led to the adoption of empirical rainfall thresholds derived from records of rainfall events triggering landslides. These rainfall intensity thresholds are generally computed, assuming that all events are not influenced by antecedent soil moisture conditions. Nevertheless, it is expected that antecedent soil moisture conditions may provide critical support for the correct definition of the triggering conditions. Therefore, we explored the role of antecedent soil moisture on critical rainfall intensity-duration thresholds to evaluate the possibility of modifying or improving traditional approaches. The study was carried out using 326 landslide events that occurred in the last 18 years in the Basilicata region (s...
Appendix E: Water Team Final Report Martha Conklin Roger Bales Phil Saksa Sarah Martin Ram Ray De... more Appendix E: Water Team Final Report Martha Conklin Roger Bales Phil Saksa Sarah Martin Ram Ray December 15, 2015
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, May 18, 2023
This study evaluates hydrology and hydrological extremes under future climate change scenarios. T... more This study evaluates hydrology and hydrological extremes under future climate change scenarios. The climate change scenarios were developed from multiple Global Circulation Models (GCMs), Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios, and statistical downscaling techniques. To ensure hydrological model robustness, the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was calibrated and validated using the Differential Split Sample Test (DSST) approach. The model was also calibrated and validated at the multi-gauges of the watershed. Future climate change scenarios revealed a reduction in precipitation (in the order of -9.1% to 4.9%) and a consistent increase in maximum temperature (0.34°C to 4.10°C) and minimum temperature (-0.15 °C to 3.7°C) in different climate model simulations. The climate change scenarios triggered a reduction of surface runoff and streamflow and a moderate increase in evapotranspiration. Future climate change scenarios projected a decrease in high flow (Q5) and low flow (Q95). A higher reduction of Q5 and annual minimum flow is also simulated in future climate scenarios, whereas an increase in annual maximum flow is simulated in climate change scenarios developed from the RCP8.5 emission scenario. The study suggests optimal water management structures which can reduce the effect of change in high and low flows. Climate change scenarios • Downscaling techniques • High flow • Low flow • Texas • SWAT Responsible Editor:
Accurate estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) plays a vital role in irrigation and wa... more Accurate estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) plays a vital role in irrigation and water resource planning. The Penman–Monteith method recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO PM56) is widely used and considered a standard to calculate ETo. However, FAO PM56 cannot be used with limited meteorological variables, so it is compulsory to choose an alternative model for ETo estimation, which requires fewer variables. This study built ten machine learning (ML) models based on multi-function, neural network, and tree-based structure against the FAO PM56 method. For this purpose, time series temperature data on a monthly scale are only used to train ML models. The developed ML models were applied to estimate ETo at different test stations and the obtained results were compared with the FAO PM56 method to verify and validate their performance in ETo estimation for the selected stations. In addition, multiple statistical indicators, including root-mean-square erro...
Ray worked as a civil infrastructure engineer for the Government of Nepal, and from 1993 to 1996 ... more Ray worked as a civil infrastructure engineer for the Government of Nepal, and from 1993 to 1996 he worked as a civil engineer at the TAEC Consult P. Ltd. He is a member of the American Society of Civil Engineering (ASCE), Soil Science Society of America (SSSA), and the American Geophysical Union (AGU). Dr. Ray's research interests include natural hazard (landslide and flood) and risk analysis using GIS/remote sensing and spatial statistical analysis, fluvial geomorphology, flood risk analysis, flood hazards, soil water dynamics, water resource management, hydrologic modeling, remote sensing, climate change, carbon sequestration, and precision agriculture. He has several peer-reviewed publications and book chapters on landslide hazards, flood prediction, soil moisture dynamics, carbon sequestration, drought, precision agriculture, climate, and land use/land cover change studies using remotely sensed data, model, and field experiments. He is editor and editorial board member of several journals including Remote Sensing in Earth System Sciences, Remote Sensing, Agronomy, Civil Engineering, Constructions, and others. Dr. Maurizio Lazzari has a PhD in Earth Science and is a researcher at the Italian National Research Council, Institute of Cultural Heritage Sciences. Since 2001, Dr. Lazzari has been Professor of Pedology at the University of Basilicata (Italy) and a geoarchaeologist at the University of Salento (Italy). His research activities are focused on natural and anthropic hazard and risk factors, aimed at safeguarding and conserving settlements and the historical-monumental heritage of the Mediterranean, with particular attention to landslide processes, susceptibility maps, monitoring, and modeling. Since 2004, he has been working as a scientific coordinator for several national research projects studying landslides and triggering factors, natural and anthropogenic risks, geological and geomorphological mapping, soil erosion, preservation of historical and archaeological sites, enhancement of degraded areas, geo-touristic use, and the protection of the landscapes. He is the author of about 150 scientific publications in national and international journals, monographs, book chapters, and conference proceedings concerning applied geology, geomorphology, dynamics of artificial reservoirs, soil erosion, landslides, geoarchaeology, hydrogeological instability, natural hazards, monitoring, cultural landscape, UNESCO Heritage, geoarchaeology, and geo-tourism. Contents Preface XIII Chapter 1 1 Introductory Chapter: Importance of Investigating Landslide Hazards by Ram L. Ray and Maurizio Lazzari Chapter 2 11 Remote Sensing Approaches and Related Techniques to Map and Study Landslides
Over the past few decades, several high-resolution gridded precipitation products have been devel... more Over the past few decades, several high-resolution gridded precipitation products have been developed using multiple data sources and techniques, including measured precipitation, numerical modeling, and remote sensing. Each has its own sets of uncertainties and limitations. Therefore, evaluating these datasets is critical in assessing their applicability in various climatic regions. We used ten precipitation datasets, including measured (in situ), gauge-based, and satellite-based products, to assess their relevance for hydrologic modeling at the Bosque River Basin in North-Central Texas. Evaluated datasets include: (1) in situ station data from the Global Historical Climate Network (GHCN); (2) gauge-based dataset Daymet and the Parameter-elevation Regression on Independent Slope Model (PRISM); (3) satellite-based dataset Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG), Early and Late, Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using...
Surface water-groundwater interactions were studied in a coastal lagoon performing 180 seepage me... more Surface water-groundwater interactions were studied in a coastal lagoon performing 180 seepage meter measurements and using heat as a tracer in 30 locations along a lagoon inlet. The direct seepage meter measurements were compared with the results from analytical solutions for the 1D heat transport equation in three different scenarios: (1) Homogeneous bulk thermal conductivity (K e); (2) horizontal heterogeneity in K e ; and (3) horizontal and vertical heterogeneity in K e. The proportion of fresh groundwater and saline recirculated lagoon water collected from the seepage experiment was used to infer the location of the saline wedge and its effect on both the seepage meter results and the thermal regime in the lagoon bed, conditioning the use of the thermal methods. The different scenarios provided the basis for a better understanding of the underlying processes in a coastal groundwater-discharging area, a key factor to apply the best-suited method to characterize such processes. The thermal methods were more reliable in areas with high fresh groundwater discharge than in areas with high recirculation of saline lagoon water. The seepage meter experiments highlighted the importance of geochemical water sampling to estimate the origin of the exchanged water through the lagoon bed.
The adoption of mobile Internet technology (MIT) in organizational systems is rapidly increasing.... more The adoption of mobile Internet technology (MIT) in organizational systems is rapidly increasing. MIT has developed agricultural structures and dramatically altered farming activities to improve agricultural systems. MIT is considered one of the most essential technologies because of its huge impact on agriculture, economy, and our daily lives. In this study, we utilized sample data from 460 wheat growers in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan to analyze the adoption of MIT and its impact on the promotion of wheat productivity. This study used the propensity score matching (PSM) technique to address probable self-selection bias. Existing research outcomes show that decision making, education, farm size, cooperative membership, gender, extension services, access to credit, weather forecast information, risk perception, market distance, and other factors significantly affect productivity and subsidy awareness agendas. However, outcomes signify that MIT adoption will have ...
Water resource planning, management, conservation, and monitoring of any river basin must address... more Water resource planning, management, conservation, and monitoring of any river basin must address complex science and issues using available resources, tools, and techniques under a changing climate. While much of the complexities of river basin management are human-induced, climate change has increased the complexities and challenges. Each river basin/water resources system is unique with respect to its management issues, challenges, and climatic and environmental conditions. Therefore, river basin planning, management, and conservation approaches must adapt to these situations. River basin planning, management, and conservation strategy should be based on those situations, especially when we have to plan, manage, and conserve water resources of the river basin under changing climate. This book has focused on using an integrated approach, which includes modeling, trend analysis, the role of infrastructure, and community participation in river basin management under changing climate. The participation and contribution of stakeholders in river basin management are critical to building sustainable water resource management in a river basin. This chapter has summarized the 13 chapters of the book in four sections for water resources planning, conservation, monitoring, and management, including modeling.
Mobile phone and Internet technology usage (MPITU) in organizational systems are rapidly escalati... more Mobile phone and Internet technology usage (MPITU) in organizational systems are rapidly escalating. MPITU has advanced agricultural structures and has considerably revolutionized agricultural activities to enhance smart agriculture. The main objective of this research was to effectively evaluate the impact of MPITU on the selection of sales productivity and marketing channels and examine if MPITU helps increase the incomes of growers. It is crucial to understand whether MPITU can ultimately increase the incomes of rural farmers. This study used data set of 580 wheat growers from four districts in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province (KPK) of Pakistan. We used propensity score matching (PSM), ordinary least squares (OLS), and Heckman's two-step regression (HTSR) techniques to achieve the research goals. The larger the MPITU, the more substantial and positive the impact on agricultural income. After applying the PSM and Heckman regression methods, it was found that MPITU significantly improved the efficiency of selecting sales channels. Its impact on agricultural profits was also leading (about 41%), with support and non-agricultural profits exceeding 31%. Finally, the results showed a significant impact of the choice of favorable auction and marketing channels on the rural farmer's income. It is recommended that government and non-governmental organizations improve the rural and agricultural development policies. In addition, the authorities should expand MPITU training services for farmers, including wheat growers, which may help improve growers' ability to increase agricultural productivity and household income.
This study evaluates the effect of the statistical bias correction techniques of distribution map... more This study evaluates the effect of the statistical bias correction techniques of distribution mapping and linear scaling on climate change signals and extreme rainfall indices under different climate change scenarios in the Jemma sub-basin of the Upper Blue Nile Basin. The mean, cumulative distribution function (CDF), mean absolute error (MAE), probability of wet days (Prwet (%)), and 90th percentile (X90 (mm)) of observed rainfall and the regional climate model (RCM) simulations of rainfall with and without statistical bias correction were compared with the historical climate (1981–2005). For future (2071–2100) climate scenarios, the change in climate signal and extreme rainfall indices in the RCM simulations with and without bias correction were also evaluated using different statistical metrics. The result showed that the statistical bias correction techniques effectively adjusted the mean annual and monthly RCM simulations of rainfall to the observed rainfall. However, distribut...
The relationship between government intervention and cooperative development has always been a so... more The relationship between government intervention and cooperative development has always been a source of controversy in the developing world. This paper aims to examine the rationale and successful conditions of government intervention to promote cooperative development in poor areas of rural China. In the context of the “targeted poverty alleviation” program (2015–2020), a government-led campaign covering all poverty-stricken villages in west China, cooperative development was listed by the central government as a criterion for evaluating successful intervention at the county government level. Accordingly, the central questions of this paper are: why is government intervention necessary to initiate a process of cooperative development in poor areas of China; and under what conditions can government intervention be successful, leading to sustainable cooperative development? Bearing in mind the complexity of government intervention with mixed results, both successful and failed, the ...
A multimode, dual functional nanomaterial, CNTs-Ag2S, comprised of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and si... more A multimode, dual functional nanomaterial, CNTs-Ag2S, comprised of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and silver sulfide (Ag2S) nanoparticles, was prepared through the facile hydrothermal process. Before the deposition of Ag2S nanoparticles, hydrophobic CNTs were modified to become hydrophilic through refluxing with a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids. The oxidized CNTs were employed to deposit the Ag2S nanoparticles for their efficient immobilization and homogenous distribution. The CNTs-Ag2S could adsorb toxic Cd(II) and completely degrade the hazardous Alizarin yellow R present in water. The adsorption efficiency of CNTs-Ag2S was evaluated by estimating the Cd(II) adsorption at different concentrations and contact times. The CNTs-Ag2S could adsorb Cd(II) entirely within 80 min of the contact time, while CNTs and Ag2S could not pursue it. The Cd(II) adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order, and chemisorption was the rate-determining step in the adsorption process. The Webe...
This study evaluates hydrology and hydrological extremes under future climate change scenarios. T... more This study evaluates hydrology and hydrological extremes under future climate change scenarios. The climate change scenarios were developed from multiple Global Circulation Models (GCMs), Representative Concentration Pathway (RCPs) scenarios, and statistical downscaling techniques. The hydrological model, Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), was calibrated and validated using the Differential Split-Sample (DSS), where the observed period was divided into relatively 'dry' and 'wet' periods based on observed streamflow. This was to ensure hydrological model robustness simulating contrasting climate conditions. The model was also calibrated and validated at the multi-gauges of the watershed. The multi-model ensemble and single-climate model simulations were used to quantify changes in hydrology and hydrological extremes under future climate scenarios. Future climate change scenarios revealed a reduction in precipitation (in the order of -9.1% to 4.9%) and a consistent inc...
An efficient adsorbent, CNTs–PAMAM–Ag, was prepared by grafting fourth-generation aromatic poly(a... more An efficient adsorbent, CNTs–PAMAM–Ag, was prepared by grafting fourth-generation aromatic poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and successive deposition of Ag nanoparticles. The FT–IR, XRD, TEM and XPS results confirmed the successful grafting of PAMAM onto CNTs and deposition of Ag nanoparticles. The absorption efficiency of CNTs–PAMAM–Ag was evaluated by estimating the adsorption of two toxic contaminants in water, viz., Pb(II) and As(III). Using CNTs–PAMAM–Ag, about 99 and 76% of Pb(II) and As(III) adsorption, respectively, were attained within 15 min. The controlling mechanisms for Pb(II) and As(III) adsorption dynamics were revealed by applying pseudo-first and second-order kinetic models. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model followed the adsorption of Pb(II) and As(III). Therefore, the incidence of chemisorption through sharing or exchanging electrons between Pb(II) or As(III) ions and CNTs–PAMAM–Ag could be the rate-controlling step in the adsorption process....
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
The world faces a once-in-a-century transformation due to the COVID-19 pandemic, adversely affect... more The world faces a once-in-a-century transformation due to the COVID-19 pandemic, adversely affecting farmers’ employment, production practices, and livelihood resilience. Meanwhile, climate change (CC) is a crucial issue limiting agricultural production worldwide. Farmers’ lives, severely affected by extreme weather conditions, are resulting in the reduced production of major economic crops. The CC has drastically influenced the major agricultural sectors of Pakistan, leading to a significant decline in farmers’ living standards and the overall economy. Climate-smart and eco-friendly agricultural practices can mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and ameliorate agricultural productivity under extreme environmental conditions. This paper highlights farmers’ autonomous CC adaptation strategies and their influence on cash crop (maize for this study) yield under prevailing circumstances. The current study used a simultaneous equation model to examine the different adaptation impacts on ada...
Rainfall-triggered shallow landslide events have caused losses of human lives and millions of eur... more Rainfall-triggered shallow landslide events have caused losses of human lives and millions of euros in damage to property in all parts of the world. The need to prevent such hazards combined with the difficulty of describing the geomorphological processes over regional scales led to the adoption of empirical rainfall thresholds derived from records of rainfall events triggering landslides. These rainfall intensity thresholds are generally computed, assuming that all events are not influenced by antecedent soil moisture conditions. Nevertheless, it is expected that antecedent soil moisture conditions may provide critical support for the correct definition of the triggering conditions. Therefore, we explored the role of antecedent soil moisture on critical rainfall intensity-duration thresholds to evaluate the possibility of modifying or improving traditional approaches. The study was carried out using 326 landslide events that occurred in the last 18 years in the Basilicata region (s...
Appendix E: Water Team Final Report Martha Conklin Roger Bales Phil Saksa Sarah Martin Ram Ray De... more Appendix E: Water Team Final Report Martha Conklin Roger Bales Phil Saksa Sarah Martin Ram Ray December 15, 2015
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, May 18, 2023
This study evaluates hydrology and hydrological extremes under future climate change scenarios. T... more This study evaluates hydrology and hydrological extremes under future climate change scenarios. The climate change scenarios were developed from multiple Global Circulation Models (GCMs), Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios, and statistical downscaling techniques. To ensure hydrological model robustness, the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was calibrated and validated using the Differential Split Sample Test (DSST) approach. The model was also calibrated and validated at the multi-gauges of the watershed. Future climate change scenarios revealed a reduction in precipitation (in the order of -9.1% to 4.9%) and a consistent increase in maximum temperature (0.34°C to 4.10°C) and minimum temperature (-0.15 °C to 3.7°C) in different climate model simulations. The climate change scenarios triggered a reduction of surface runoff and streamflow and a moderate increase in evapotranspiration. Future climate change scenarios projected a decrease in high flow (Q5) and low flow (Q95). A higher reduction of Q5 and annual minimum flow is also simulated in future climate scenarios, whereas an increase in annual maximum flow is simulated in climate change scenarios developed from the RCP8.5 emission scenario. The study suggests optimal water management structures which can reduce the effect of change in high and low flows. Climate change scenarios • Downscaling techniques • High flow • Low flow • Texas • SWAT Responsible Editor:
Accurate estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) plays a vital role in irrigation and wa... more Accurate estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) plays a vital role in irrigation and water resource planning. The Penman–Monteith method recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO PM56) is widely used and considered a standard to calculate ETo. However, FAO PM56 cannot be used with limited meteorological variables, so it is compulsory to choose an alternative model for ETo estimation, which requires fewer variables. This study built ten machine learning (ML) models based on multi-function, neural network, and tree-based structure against the FAO PM56 method. For this purpose, time series temperature data on a monthly scale are only used to train ML models. The developed ML models were applied to estimate ETo at different test stations and the obtained results were compared with the FAO PM56 method to verify and validate their performance in ETo estimation for the selected stations. In addition, multiple statistical indicators, including root-mean-square erro...
Ray worked as a civil infrastructure engineer for the Government of Nepal, and from 1993 to 1996 ... more Ray worked as a civil infrastructure engineer for the Government of Nepal, and from 1993 to 1996 he worked as a civil engineer at the TAEC Consult P. Ltd. He is a member of the American Society of Civil Engineering (ASCE), Soil Science Society of America (SSSA), and the American Geophysical Union (AGU). Dr. Ray's research interests include natural hazard (landslide and flood) and risk analysis using GIS/remote sensing and spatial statistical analysis, fluvial geomorphology, flood risk analysis, flood hazards, soil water dynamics, water resource management, hydrologic modeling, remote sensing, climate change, carbon sequestration, and precision agriculture. He has several peer-reviewed publications and book chapters on landslide hazards, flood prediction, soil moisture dynamics, carbon sequestration, drought, precision agriculture, climate, and land use/land cover change studies using remotely sensed data, model, and field experiments. He is editor and editorial board member of several journals including Remote Sensing in Earth System Sciences, Remote Sensing, Agronomy, Civil Engineering, Constructions, and others. Dr. Maurizio Lazzari has a PhD in Earth Science and is a researcher at the Italian National Research Council, Institute of Cultural Heritage Sciences. Since 2001, Dr. Lazzari has been Professor of Pedology at the University of Basilicata (Italy) and a geoarchaeologist at the University of Salento (Italy). His research activities are focused on natural and anthropic hazard and risk factors, aimed at safeguarding and conserving settlements and the historical-monumental heritage of the Mediterranean, with particular attention to landslide processes, susceptibility maps, monitoring, and modeling. Since 2004, he has been working as a scientific coordinator for several national research projects studying landslides and triggering factors, natural and anthropogenic risks, geological and geomorphological mapping, soil erosion, preservation of historical and archaeological sites, enhancement of degraded areas, geo-touristic use, and the protection of the landscapes. He is the author of about 150 scientific publications in national and international journals, monographs, book chapters, and conference proceedings concerning applied geology, geomorphology, dynamics of artificial reservoirs, soil erosion, landslides, geoarchaeology, hydrogeological instability, natural hazards, monitoring, cultural landscape, UNESCO Heritage, geoarchaeology, and geo-tourism. Contents Preface XIII Chapter 1 1 Introductory Chapter: Importance of Investigating Landslide Hazards by Ram L. Ray and Maurizio Lazzari Chapter 2 11 Remote Sensing Approaches and Related Techniques to Map and Study Landslides
Over the past few decades, several high-resolution gridded precipitation products have been devel... more Over the past few decades, several high-resolution gridded precipitation products have been developed using multiple data sources and techniques, including measured precipitation, numerical modeling, and remote sensing. Each has its own sets of uncertainties and limitations. Therefore, evaluating these datasets is critical in assessing their applicability in various climatic regions. We used ten precipitation datasets, including measured (in situ), gauge-based, and satellite-based products, to assess their relevance for hydrologic modeling at the Bosque River Basin in North-Central Texas. Evaluated datasets include: (1) in situ station data from the Global Historical Climate Network (GHCN); (2) gauge-based dataset Daymet and the Parameter-elevation Regression on Independent Slope Model (PRISM); (3) satellite-based dataset Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG), Early and Late, Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using...
Surface water-groundwater interactions were studied in a coastal lagoon performing 180 seepage me... more Surface water-groundwater interactions were studied in a coastal lagoon performing 180 seepage meter measurements and using heat as a tracer in 30 locations along a lagoon inlet. The direct seepage meter measurements were compared with the results from analytical solutions for the 1D heat transport equation in three different scenarios: (1) Homogeneous bulk thermal conductivity (K e); (2) horizontal heterogeneity in K e ; and (3) horizontal and vertical heterogeneity in K e. The proportion of fresh groundwater and saline recirculated lagoon water collected from the seepage experiment was used to infer the location of the saline wedge and its effect on both the seepage meter results and the thermal regime in the lagoon bed, conditioning the use of the thermal methods. The different scenarios provided the basis for a better understanding of the underlying processes in a coastal groundwater-discharging area, a key factor to apply the best-suited method to characterize such processes. The thermal methods were more reliable in areas with high fresh groundwater discharge than in areas with high recirculation of saline lagoon water. The seepage meter experiments highlighted the importance of geochemical water sampling to estimate the origin of the exchanged water through the lagoon bed.
The adoption of mobile Internet technology (MIT) in organizational systems is rapidly increasing.... more The adoption of mobile Internet technology (MIT) in organizational systems is rapidly increasing. MIT has developed agricultural structures and dramatically altered farming activities to improve agricultural systems. MIT is considered one of the most essential technologies because of its huge impact on agriculture, economy, and our daily lives. In this study, we utilized sample data from 460 wheat growers in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan to analyze the adoption of MIT and its impact on the promotion of wheat productivity. This study used the propensity score matching (PSM) technique to address probable self-selection bias. Existing research outcomes show that decision making, education, farm size, cooperative membership, gender, extension services, access to credit, weather forecast information, risk perception, market distance, and other factors significantly affect productivity and subsidy awareness agendas. However, outcomes signify that MIT adoption will have ...
Landslides - Investigation, and Monitoring offers a comprehensive overview of recent developments... more Landslides - Investigation, and Monitoring offers a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field of mass movements and landslide hazards. Chapter authors use in situ measurements, modeling, and remotely sensed data and methods to study landslides. This book provides a thorough overview of the latest efforts by international researchers on landslides and opens new possible research directions for further novel developments.
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