The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2008
The relationship between calcium (Ca) intake and Ca retention in adolescent boys was recently rep... more The relationship between calcium (Ca) intake and Ca retention in adolescent boys was recently reported.
Nondigestible oligosaccharides may increase mineral absorption by changing the intestinal environ... more Nondigestible oligosaccharides may increase mineral absorption by changing the intestinal environment. The effect of feeding a diet containing 5% resistant starch, RS2 (uncooked native) or RS3, (cooked and retrograded) on calcium absorption and bone mineral status was studied in growing male rats for 4 weeks. Almost 100g more feed was consumed with resistant starch compared to control in four weeks. Mineral status improved as determined by femur concentration, but not through absorption. Mineral content of femurs increased 12, 10 and 9% for Ca, Mg and Zn respectively, while Fe decreased 23% after feeding RS3, but not RS2, compared with the control group. There was no increase in the percent retention for any of the tested minerals. 45 Ca absorption capacity was not affected by either resistant starch. We conclude that resistant starches improve mineral status possibly through increased food consumption, but not through increased absorption efficiency.
... TA ZAFAR,* CM WEAVER,"'^ BR MARTIN,* R. FLAREND,~ ... The remaining... more ... TA ZAFAR,* CM WEAVER,"'^ BR MARTIN,* R. FLAREND,~ ... The remaining ash was redissolved in 25% nitric acid and re-dried in an oven where the temperature was gradually in-creased to 200°C. The white ash produced was then redis-solved in 25% nitric acid. ...
Nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDO) including inulin and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) have been ... more Nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDO) including inulin and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) have been reported to stimulate calcium absorption. Here we report the effect of a mixture of inulin and FOS (Raftilose Synergy 1, Orafti) on calcium and bone metabolism in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. OVX rats (6 mo old) were fed a semipurified diet for 3 mo in our animal care laboratory for stabilization after ovariectomy. They were then divided into two groups (n â«Ű⏠13/group) and fed either a control or a NDO-supplemented diet (55 g/kg) for 21 d. Catheters were placed in their jugular veins. After 2 d, a tracer ( 45 Ca) was administered by gavage or i.v. and blood was sampled for up to 300 min. Urine and fecal samples were collected for 4 d after 45 Ca administration. Femurs were measured for bone mineral density (BMD), breaking strength, and total calcium. Calcium absorption, femoral calcium content, BMD, and bone balance (V bal ) were significantly increased (P < 0.05) by NDO, whereas the bone resorption rate relative to the bone formation rate was significantly depressed by NDO. We conclude that feeding NDO at 5.5 g/100 g for 21 d has a positive effect on calcium absorption and retention in ovariectomized rats. J. Nutr. 134: 399 -402, 2004. KEY WORDS: âą calcium âą kinetics âą ovariectomized rats âą nondigestible oligosaccharides âą bone turnover 1 Presented in part at Experimental Biology 03, April 2003, San Diego, CA [Zafar, T. A. & Weaver, C. M. (2003) Inulin and calcium metabolism in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. FASEB J. 17: A721 (abs.)]. .
Calcium (Ca)-fortified soymilk has gained popularity in the United States. Tricalcium phosphate (... more Calcium (Ca)-fortified soymilk has gained popularity in the United States. Tricalcium phosphate (TCP)-fortified soymilk was shown to have a lower Ca bioavailability than cow's milk in men. However, the most popular soymilk in the U.S. is fortified with Ca carbonate (CC) and has not been evaluated. Ca bioavailability from CC-fortified soymilk (CCSM) and TCP-fortified soymilk (TCPSM) was compared with cow's milk in young healthy women using the dual stable isotope technique. In a 3-way crossover design, 20 volunteers (23 Ïź 2 y old) consumed 250 mg Ca in cow's milk, CCSM, or TCPSM along with 10 mg 44 Ca after an overnight fast. Cow's milk was extrinsically labeled, whereas each fortified soymilk was intrinsically labeled with each chemical salt of 44 Ca at the manufacturing facility. Another stable isotope, 43 Ca, was injected i.v. 1 h after the complete consumption of cow's milk or soymilk. Fractional Ca absorption was determined from the ratios of 43 Ca: 42 Ca and 44 Ca: 42 Ca by inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-MS in the 24-h urine samples. A mixed linear model (SAS proc mixed) was used to compare the fractional Ca absorption among groups. Fractional Ca absorption in CCSM (0.211 Ïź 0.057) did not differ from that of cow's milk (0.217 Ïź 0.040), but both were higher (P Ïœ 0.05) than that of TCPSM (0.181 Ïź 0.039). Our result suggests that calcium absorption is equivalent for CCSM and cow's milk at similar calcium loads. J. Nutr. 135: 2379Nutr. 135: -2382Nutr. 135: , 2005. KEY WORDS: âą calcium bioavailability âą soymilk âą cow's milk âą calcium carbonate âą tricalcium phosphate 1 Abstract presented at the American Society for Clinical Nutrition 45th Annual Meeting, April 5, 2005, San Diego, CA [Zhao Y, Martin BR, Weaver CM. Calcium bioavailability from fortified soymilk and bovine milk (abstract). FASEB J.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2016
Citrus fruits contain unique flavanones. One of the most abundant of the flavanones, hesperidin, ... more Citrus fruits contain unique flavanones. One of the most abundant of the flavanones, hesperidin, has been shown to prevent bone loss in ovariectomized rats. The objective of the study was to measure the effect of hesperidin with or without calcium supplementation on bone calcium retention in postmenopausal women. The study was a double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized order cross-over design of 500 g hesperidin with or without 500 mg calcium supplement in 12 healthy postmenopausal women. Bone calcium retention was determined from urinary excretion of the rare isotope, (41)Ca, from bone. Calcium plus hesperidin, but not hesperidin alone, improved bone calcium retention by 5.5% (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.04). Calcium supplementation (CalcilockÂź), in combination with hesperidin, is effective at preserving bone in postmenopausal women.
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Jun 1, 2009
Background: The accuracy of dietary energy assessment tools is critical to understanding the role... more Background: The accuracy of dietary energy assessment tools is critical to understanding the role of diet in the increasing rate of obesity.
Nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDO) including inulin and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) have been ... more Nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDO) including inulin and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) have been reported to stimulate calcium absorption. Here we report the effect of a mixture of inulin and FOS (Raftilose Synergy 1, Orafti) on calcium and bone metabolism in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. OVX rats (6 mo old) were fed a semipurified diet for 3 mo in our animal care laboratory for stabilization after ovariectomy. They were then divided into two groups (n â«Ű⏠13/group) and fed either a control or a NDO-supplemented diet (55 g/kg) for 21 d. Catheters were placed in their jugular veins. After 2 d, a tracer ( 45 Ca) was administered by gavage or i.v. and blood was sampled for up to 300 min. Urine and fecal samples were collected for 4 d after 45 Ca administration. Femurs were measured for bone mineral density (BMD), breaking strength, and total calcium. Calcium absorption, femoral calcium content, BMD, and bone balance (V bal ) were significantly increased (P < 0.05) by NDO, whereas the bone resorption rate relative to the bone formation rate was significantly depressed by NDO. We conclude that feeding NDO at 5.5 g/100 g for 21 d has a positive effect on calcium absorption and retention in ovariectomized rats. J. Nutr. 134: 399 -402, 2004. KEY WORDS: âą calcium âą kinetics âą ovariectomized rats âą nondigestible oligosaccharides âą bone turnover 1 Presented in part at Experimental Biology 03, April 2003, San Diego, CA [Zafar, T. A. & Weaver, C. M. (2003) Inulin and calcium metabolism in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. FASEB J. 17: A721 (abs.)]. .
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 07315724 2010 10719855, Jun 9, 2013
Several studies have shown a positive effect of fructo-oligosaccharides on calcium absorption and... more Several studies have shown a positive effect of fructo-oligosaccharides on calcium absorption and retention in animals and humans. Effects of levels of these pre-biotics that can be functionally incorporated into manufactured foods, have not been studied in controlled feeding studies. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of 9 g/d of fructo-oligosaccharides as part of a controlled diet on calcium absorption and retention in adolescent girls. Fourteen healthy adolescent girls aged 11-13 y were studied in a metabolic setting for two 3-week periods separated by a 2-week washout period. In a randomized, double-blinded, crossover design, the teens received a diet containing either 9 g/d oligofructose-enriched inulin in a calcium-fortified cereal or the control cereal with no inulin. Both diets contained ~1500 mg calcium daily. Calcium retention was determined on the third week of each period. On day 14 of the diet period, fractional calcium absorption was determined from the enrichment of (44)Ca in 4-day urine collections. Calcium absorption (67 ± 3 vs. 66 ± 3%) and retention (409 ± 394 vs. 464 ± 241 mg/d) were not significantly different when diets contained 9 g/d oligofructose-enriched inulin or not in a calcium-fortified cereal. Daily consumption of cereal containing a combination of short- and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides as part of a controlled diet did not benefit calcium absorption or retention in adolescent girls. Lack of response to the prebiotic in this cohort may relate to their already high calcium absorption efficiency.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Jun 22, 2011
Galactooligosaccharides (GOS), prebiotic nondigestible oligosaccharides derived from lactose, hav... more Galactooligosaccharides (GOS), prebiotic nondigestible oligosaccharides derived from lactose, have the potential for improving mineral balance and bone properties. This study examined the dose-response effect of GOS supplementation on calcium and magnesium absorption, mineral retention, bone properties, and gut microbiota in growing rats. Seventy-five 4-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into one of five treatment groups (n = 15/group) and fed a diet containing 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8% GOS by weight for 8 weeks. Dietary GOS significantly decreased cecal pH and increased cecal wall weight and content weight in a dose-dependent manner (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.0001). Fingerprint patterns of the 16S rRNA gene PCR-DGGE from fecal DNA indicated the variance of bacterial community structure, which was primarily explained by GOS treatments (p = 0.0001). Quantitative PCR of the samples revealed an increase in the relative proportion of bifidobacteria with GOS (p = 0.0001). Net calcium absorption was increased in a dose-response manner (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01) with GOS supplementation. Dietary GOS also increased (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.02) net magnesium absorption, femur âŽâ”Ca uptake, calcium and magnesium retention, and femur and tibia breaking strength. Distal femur total and trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and area and proximal tibia vBMD increased (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.02) with GOS supplementation. Trabecular-rich bones, that is, those that rapidly turn over, were most benefited. Regression modeling showed that GOS benefited calcium and magnesium utilization and vBMD through decreased cecal pH, increased cecal wall and content weight, and increased proportion of bifidobacteria.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism, Jul 2, 2013
Background: There are limited data in adolescents on racial differences in relationships between ... more Background: There are limited data in adolescents on racial differences in relationships between dietary calcium intake, absorption, and retention and serum levels of calcium-regulating hormones.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2008
The relationship between calcium (Ca) intake and Ca retention in adolescent boys was recently rep... more The relationship between calcium (Ca) intake and Ca retention in adolescent boys was recently reported.
Nondigestible oligosaccharides may increase mineral absorption by changing the intestinal environ... more Nondigestible oligosaccharides may increase mineral absorption by changing the intestinal environment. The effect of feeding a diet containing 5% resistant starch, RS2 (uncooked native) or RS3, (cooked and retrograded) on calcium absorption and bone mineral status was studied in growing male rats for 4 weeks. Almost 100g more feed was consumed with resistant starch compared to control in four weeks. Mineral status improved as determined by femur concentration, but not through absorption. Mineral content of femurs increased 12, 10 and 9% for Ca, Mg and Zn respectively, while Fe decreased 23% after feeding RS3, but not RS2, compared with the control group. There was no increase in the percent retention for any of the tested minerals. 45 Ca absorption capacity was not affected by either resistant starch. We conclude that resistant starches improve mineral status possibly through increased food consumption, but not through increased absorption efficiency.
... TA ZAFAR,* CM WEAVER,&amp;quot;&amp;#x27;^ BR MARTIN,* R. FLAREND,~ ... The remaining... more ... TA ZAFAR,* CM WEAVER,&amp;quot;&amp;#x27;^ BR MARTIN,* R. FLAREND,~ ... The remaining ash was redissolved in 25% nitric acid and re-dried in an oven where the temperature was gradually in-creased to 200°C. The white ash produced was then redis-solved in 25% nitric acid. ...
Nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDO) including inulin and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) have been ... more Nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDO) including inulin and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) have been reported to stimulate calcium absorption. Here we report the effect of a mixture of inulin and FOS (Raftilose Synergy 1, Orafti) on calcium and bone metabolism in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. OVX rats (6 mo old) were fed a semipurified diet for 3 mo in our animal care laboratory for stabilization after ovariectomy. They were then divided into two groups (n â«Ű⏠13/group) and fed either a control or a NDO-supplemented diet (55 g/kg) for 21 d. Catheters were placed in their jugular veins. After 2 d, a tracer ( 45 Ca) was administered by gavage or i.v. and blood was sampled for up to 300 min. Urine and fecal samples were collected for 4 d after 45 Ca administration. Femurs were measured for bone mineral density (BMD), breaking strength, and total calcium. Calcium absorption, femoral calcium content, BMD, and bone balance (V bal ) were significantly increased (P < 0.05) by NDO, whereas the bone resorption rate relative to the bone formation rate was significantly depressed by NDO. We conclude that feeding NDO at 5.5 g/100 g for 21 d has a positive effect on calcium absorption and retention in ovariectomized rats. J. Nutr. 134: 399 -402, 2004. KEY WORDS: âą calcium âą kinetics âą ovariectomized rats âą nondigestible oligosaccharides âą bone turnover 1 Presented in part at Experimental Biology 03, April 2003, San Diego, CA [Zafar, T. A. & Weaver, C. M. (2003) Inulin and calcium metabolism in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. FASEB J. 17: A721 (abs.)]. .
Calcium (Ca)-fortified soymilk has gained popularity in the United States. Tricalcium phosphate (... more Calcium (Ca)-fortified soymilk has gained popularity in the United States. Tricalcium phosphate (TCP)-fortified soymilk was shown to have a lower Ca bioavailability than cow's milk in men. However, the most popular soymilk in the U.S. is fortified with Ca carbonate (CC) and has not been evaluated. Ca bioavailability from CC-fortified soymilk (CCSM) and TCP-fortified soymilk (TCPSM) was compared with cow's milk in young healthy women using the dual stable isotope technique. In a 3-way crossover design, 20 volunteers (23 Ïź 2 y old) consumed 250 mg Ca in cow's milk, CCSM, or TCPSM along with 10 mg 44 Ca after an overnight fast. Cow's milk was extrinsically labeled, whereas each fortified soymilk was intrinsically labeled with each chemical salt of 44 Ca at the manufacturing facility. Another stable isotope, 43 Ca, was injected i.v. 1 h after the complete consumption of cow's milk or soymilk. Fractional Ca absorption was determined from the ratios of 43 Ca: 42 Ca and 44 Ca: 42 Ca by inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-MS in the 24-h urine samples. A mixed linear model (SAS proc mixed) was used to compare the fractional Ca absorption among groups. Fractional Ca absorption in CCSM (0.211 Ïź 0.057) did not differ from that of cow's milk (0.217 Ïź 0.040), but both were higher (P Ïœ 0.05) than that of TCPSM (0.181 Ïź 0.039). Our result suggests that calcium absorption is equivalent for CCSM and cow's milk at similar calcium loads. J. Nutr. 135: 2379Nutr. 135: -2382Nutr. 135: , 2005. KEY WORDS: âą calcium bioavailability âą soymilk âą cow's milk âą calcium carbonate âą tricalcium phosphate 1 Abstract presented at the American Society for Clinical Nutrition 45th Annual Meeting, April 5, 2005, San Diego, CA [Zhao Y, Martin BR, Weaver CM. Calcium bioavailability from fortified soymilk and bovine milk (abstract). FASEB J.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2016
Citrus fruits contain unique flavanones. One of the most abundant of the flavanones, hesperidin, ... more Citrus fruits contain unique flavanones. One of the most abundant of the flavanones, hesperidin, has been shown to prevent bone loss in ovariectomized rats. The objective of the study was to measure the effect of hesperidin with or without calcium supplementation on bone calcium retention in postmenopausal women. The study was a double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized order cross-over design of 500 g hesperidin with or without 500 mg calcium supplement in 12 healthy postmenopausal women. Bone calcium retention was determined from urinary excretion of the rare isotope, (41)Ca, from bone. Calcium plus hesperidin, but not hesperidin alone, improved bone calcium retention by 5.5% (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.04). Calcium supplementation (CalcilockÂź), in combination with hesperidin, is effective at preserving bone in postmenopausal women.
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Jun 1, 2009
Background: The accuracy of dietary energy assessment tools is critical to understanding the role... more Background: The accuracy of dietary energy assessment tools is critical to understanding the role of diet in the increasing rate of obesity.
Nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDO) including inulin and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) have been ... more Nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDO) including inulin and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) have been reported to stimulate calcium absorption. Here we report the effect of a mixture of inulin and FOS (Raftilose Synergy 1, Orafti) on calcium and bone metabolism in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. OVX rats (6 mo old) were fed a semipurified diet for 3 mo in our animal care laboratory for stabilization after ovariectomy. They were then divided into two groups (n â«Ű⏠13/group) and fed either a control or a NDO-supplemented diet (55 g/kg) for 21 d. Catheters were placed in their jugular veins. After 2 d, a tracer ( 45 Ca) was administered by gavage or i.v. and blood was sampled for up to 300 min. Urine and fecal samples were collected for 4 d after 45 Ca administration. Femurs were measured for bone mineral density (BMD), breaking strength, and total calcium. Calcium absorption, femoral calcium content, BMD, and bone balance (V bal ) were significantly increased (P < 0.05) by NDO, whereas the bone resorption rate relative to the bone formation rate was significantly depressed by NDO. We conclude that feeding NDO at 5.5 g/100 g for 21 d has a positive effect on calcium absorption and retention in ovariectomized rats. J. Nutr. 134: 399 -402, 2004. KEY WORDS: âą calcium âą kinetics âą ovariectomized rats âą nondigestible oligosaccharides âą bone turnover 1 Presented in part at Experimental Biology 03, April 2003, San Diego, CA [Zafar, T. A. & Weaver, C. M. (2003) Inulin and calcium metabolism in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. FASEB J. 17: A721 (abs.)]. .
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 07315724 2010 10719855, Jun 9, 2013
Several studies have shown a positive effect of fructo-oligosaccharides on calcium absorption and... more Several studies have shown a positive effect of fructo-oligosaccharides on calcium absorption and retention in animals and humans. Effects of levels of these pre-biotics that can be functionally incorporated into manufactured foods, have not been studied in controlled feeding studies. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of 9 g/d of fructo-oligosaccharides as part of a controlled diet on calcium absorption and retention in adolescent girls. Fourteen healthy adolescent girls aged 11-13 y were studied in a metabolic setting for two 3-week periods separated by a 2-week washout period. In a randomized, double-blinded, crossover design, the teens received a diet containing either 9 g/d oligofructose-enriched inulin in a calcium-fortified cereal or the control cereal with no inulin. Both diets contained ~1500 mg calcium daily. Calcium retention was determined on the third week of each period. On day 14 of the diet period, fractional calcium absorption was determined from the enrichment of (44)Ca in 4-day urine collections. Calcium absorption (67 ± 3 vs. 66 ± 3%) and retention (409 ± 394 vs. 464 ± 241 mg/d) were not significantly different when diets contained 9 g/d oligofructose-enriched inulin or not in a calcium-fortified cereal. Daily consumption of cereal containing a combination of short- and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides as part of a controlled diet did not benefit calcium absorption or retention in adolescent girls. Lack of response to the prebiotic in this cohort may relate to their already high calcium absorption efficiency.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Jun 22, 2011
Galactooligosaccharides (GOS), prebiotic nondigestible oligosaccharides derived from lactose, hav... more Galactooligosaccharides (GOS), prebiotic nondigestible oligosaccharides derived from lactose, have the potential for improving mineral balance and bone properties. This study examined the dose-response effect of GOS supplementation on calcium and magnesium absorption, mineral retention, bone properties, and gut microbiota in growing rats. Seventy-five 4-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into one of five treatment groups (n = 15/group) and fed a diet containing 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8% GOS by weight for 8 weeks. Dietary GOS significantly decreased cecal pH and increased cecal wall weight and content weight in a dose-dependent manner (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.0001). Fingerprint patterns of the 16S rRNA gene PCR-DGGE from fecal DNA indicated the variance of bacterial community structure, which was primarily explained by GOS treatments (p = 0.0001). Quantitative PCR of the samples revealed an increase in the relative proportion of bifidobacteria with GOS (p = 0.0001). Net calcium absorption was increased in a dose-response manner (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01) with GOS supplementation. Dietary GOS also increased (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.02) net magnesium absorption, femur âŽâ”Ca uptake, calcium and magnesium retention, and femur and tibia breaking strength. Distal femur total and trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and area and proximal tibia vBMD increased (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.02) with GOS supplementation. Trabecular-rich bones, that is, those that rapidly turn over, were most benefited. Regression modeling showed that GOS benefited calcium and magnesium utilization and vBMD through decreased cecal pH, increased cecal wall and content weight, and increased proportion of bifidobacteria.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism, Jul 2, 2013
Background: There are limited data in adolescents on racial differences in relationships between ... more Background: There are limited data in adolescents on racial differences in relationships between dietary calcium intake, absorption, and retention and serum levels of calcium-regulating hormones.
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