Background: This study aims to evaluate the effects of a 12-week Baduanjin regimen on the biomechanical properties of axial muscle fascia in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) through a randomized controlled trial, and to explore the underlying mechanisms of Baduanjin in AS treatment.

Methods: Thirty patients with AS were randomly assigned to either the Baduanjin intervention group or the nonintervention group, with 15 patients in each group. The intervention group underwent a 12-week Baduanjin fitness program, while the nonintervention group continued their usual lifestyle and medication. Biomechanical parameters of muscle fascia, including muscle stiffness (N/m), muscle tension (frequency, Hz), and muscle elasticity (logarithmic decrement of oscillation amplitude), were measured at specified spinal locations using the MyotonPRO® soft tissue tester at baseline (week 0) and after 12 weeks (week 12).

Results: The Baduanjin group exhibited significant improvements in muscle fascia stiffness, tension, and elasticity in the lumbar and cervical spine compared to the nonintervention group, with notable differences in lumbar stiffness and tension (P < .05). Postintervention, lumbar stiffness and tension were significantly reduced, and elasticity increased in the Baduanjin group, indicating beneficial effects on the biomechanical properties of axial muscle fascia in AS patients. No significant changes were observed in the nonintervention group. The Baduanjin group reported only mild muscle pain initially, which resolved with appropriate management, with no serious adverse effects noted.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that Baduanjin significantly enhances the biomechanical properties of axial muscle fascia in AS patients. By improving these properties, Baduanjin may reduce mechanical stress, alleviate micro-damage and inflammation at attachment points, regulate downstream signaling pathways, and potentially limit new bone formation. This study provides scientific support for the use of Baduanjin in managing AS and offers a foundation for future research.