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Review
. 2022 Dec;40(12):1519-1534.
doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.09.011. Epub 2022 Oct 27.

Design of biomass-based renewable materials for environmental remediation

Wan Zhang  1 , Peng Zhang  1 , Huaimin Wang  1 , Jinghao Li  2 , Susie Y Dai  3
Affiliations
Review

Design of biomass-based renewable materials for environmental remediation

Wan Zhang et al. Trends Biotechnol. 2022 Dec.

Abstract

Various materials have been used to remove environmental contaminants for decades and have been an effective strategy for environmental cleanups. The current nonrenewable materials used for this purpose could impose secondary hazards and challenges in further downstream treatments. Biomass-based materials present viable, renewable, and sustainable solutions for environmental remediation. Recent biotechnology advances have developed biomaterials with new capacities, such as highly efficient biodegradation and treatment train integration. This review systemically discusses how biotechnology has empowered biomass-derived and bioinspired materials for environmental remediation sustainably and cost-effectively.

Keywords: biomass; biomaterials; environmental remediation.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of interests No interests are declared.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Immobilization technologies for biobased adsorption materials. (A) Adsorption-based biotechnology immobilizes enzymes, fungi, or bacteria onto the material surface. The physical adsorption involves Van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding, and ionic bonding. (B) Embedding technology entraps enzymes, fungi, or bacteria into the materials. (C) Enzymes, fungi, or bacteria are immobilized via covalent bonds onto the sorbents.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
The concept and mechanism of the RAPIMER system for contaminant treatment. RAPIMER is a plant-derived biomimetic nano-framework which achieves a high adsorption efficiency for PFAS and other co-existing contaminants to enable synergistic fungal degradation The components of the RAPIMER system are cellulose and lignin, which are reverse engineered to develop the composite. The RAPIMER composite works as the sole carbon source to sustain fungus growth and the adsorbed PFAS is synergistically biodegraded. (Reproduced with permission from Li et al. [173]). (From top middle) Corn stover residual lignin is crafted with polyethylenimine to form modified lignin particles. (Bottom right) Cellulose nanofibrils and modified lignin form the RAPIMER composite. (Bottom left) Contaminated water is treated with RAPIMER to remove PFAS. RAPIMER absorbs PFAS and feeds it to the fungus Irpex lacteus.
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