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Review
. 2018 Apr;27(2):269-287.
doi: 10.1016/j.soc.2017.11.003. Epub 2017 Dec 15.

Colon Cancer: Inflammation-Associated Cancer

Sherief Shawki  1 , Jean Ashburn  1 , Steven A Signs  2 , Emina Huang  3
Affiliations
Review

Colon Cancer: Inflammation-Associated Cancer

Sherief Shawki et al. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2018 Apr.

Abstract

Colitis-associated cancer is a relatively rare form of cancer with an unclear pathogenesis. Colitis-associated cancer serves as a prototype of inflammation-associated cancers. Advanced colonoscopic techniques are considered standard of care for surveillance in patients with long-standing colitis, especially those with other risk factors, including sclerosing cholangitis and a family history of colorectal cancer. When colitis-associated cancer is diagnosed, the standard operation involves total proctocolectomy. Restorative procedures and surveillance after colectomy require special considerations. In these contexts, new 3-dimensional human models may be used to usher in personalized medicine.

Keywords: 3D human models; Colitis cancer surveillance; Colitis-associated cancer; Colitis-associated cancer management.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. The colitic microenvironment
The pathogenesis of colitis involves elements of the microenvironment, co-opted in the progression to dysplasia and cancer. Interactions initiated by the inflammatory process result in the creation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Early intravasation of neutrophils, and vasculature give way to chronic influences of fibroblasts, myeloid cells, and T-cells. During the acute phase, loss of intercellular adhesion results in leakiness that allows penetration of bacteria into the submucosa with immune responses. Courtesy of Jennifer Stiene
Figure 2
Figure 2. A new model to interrogate colitis: the colitic organoid
Recent advances in stem cell biology have resulted in methodology to isolate and propagate primary colonic tissues in vitro. A. Normal colon organoid with simple epithelia, mucin secretion (MUC2) and lack of lysozyme, a marker for the niche initiator cell, the Paneth cell. B. Colitic colon organoid, bearing a stratified epithelium, relative lack of mucin secretion (MUC2) and increased lysozyme. In this case colitic process initiates a regenerative cue, and the niche initiating cells, Paneth cells, are marked by the stain for lysozyme. IHC = immunohistochemistry Courtesy of Jennifer Stiene
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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