Tourism department

This study aims to assess the impact of intellectual capital on the innovation performance of Egyptian travel agencies. To achieve this, the researchers used a deductive approach as well as a quantitative method. A semi-structured questionnaire was distributed to 250 travel agencies from 1008 Egyptian travel agencies in class A was collected by simple random sampling technique. Furthermore, the researchers reviewed the literature regarding intellectual capital and the performance of innovation. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed for the quantitative analysis. Also, Amos software version (26) utilised to perform the structural equation modeling analysis. According to the study's findings, two dimensions of intellectual capital (Human and Organizational) have a positive impact on the performance of innovation within the Egyptian travel agencies, while the dimension of social/relational capital has a weak negative impact on the innovative performance of Egyptian travel agencies. As a direct consequence, to achieve innovation performance, travel companies must strengthen their intellectual capital especially the human and organizational capital dimensions.

The continuous development of information technology has fundamentally revolutionized our communication patterns and behavior through the Internet, establishing a digital medium in which information is consumed and disseminated. In this context, most tourism researches focus on the role of UGC in directing the decision of visitors in determining the tourist destination that could be visited or the service provider that could be selected.  This research aimed at measuring the impact of user-generated content on the digital transformation of Egyptian travel agencies as well as investigating how UGC can stimulate the digital transformation of tourism and travel services. For this purpose, the researchers used the deductive approach and quantitative method. Semi-structured questionnaires were distributed to a sample of 278 managers out of 1008 travel agencies, in addition to a sample of internet users including social media users, using a simple random sampling technique. Moreover, rese...

This study aims to assess the impact of intellectual capital on the innovation performance of Egyptian travel agencies. To achieve this, the researchers used a deductive approach as well as a quantitative method. A semi-structured questionnaire was distributed to 250 travel agencies from 1008 Egyptian travel agencies in class A was collected by simple random sampling technique. Furthermore, the researchers reviewed the literature regarding intellectual capital and the performance of innovation. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed for the quantitative analysis. Also, Amos software version (26) utilised to perform the structural equation modeling analysis. According to the study's findings, two dimensions of intellectual capital (Human and Organizational) have a positive impact on the performance of innovation within the Egyptian travel agencies, while the dimension of social/relational capital has a weak negative impact on the innovative performance of Egyptian travel agencies. As a direct consequence, to achieve innovation performance, travel companies must strengthen their intellectual capital especially the human and organizational capital dimensions.

The COVID-19 pandemic has undoubtedly a significant influence on the tourism industry due to the perceived risk of travelers that cause them to change their travel decision. The study proposed a conceptual framework to identify the impact of the risk perceptions of the residents of Alexandria on the intention to travel to tourism destinations during the pandemic. The study examined four risk types; financial risk, psychological risk, health risk, and travel risk. The proposed framework also investigated the mediating role of destination trust in the relationship between the four types of risk and intention to travel. An online questionnaire was conducted on potential leisure travelers, and a structural equation modeling was used to test the relationships between hypotheses. The results showed a significant relationship only between psychological, health and travel risk and the intention to travel. The results also proved that only travel risk has no impact on travel intention in the...

Travel blogs are considered an important tool for destination marketing. Bloggers' narrative reflects their tourist experience and their comments often contain recommendations and their intentions to revisit the destinations their stories are about. Travel blog monitoring is considered an effective method for destination marketers to assess their service quality and improve travelers' overall experiences. The purpose of this study is to examine how travel blogs can be a powerful tool through the e-WOM in destination marketing. The study used a qualitative research to analyze blogs content and demonstrate Egypt's attributes that made bloggers' choice. Tourism destination marketing organizations in Egypt could develop successfully their attractions and service quality through generated travel blogs information.

In the last years, the phenomena of customer co-creation have been receiving great attention in tourism studies. Co-creation is a new practice that can help businesses gain a competitive advantage. Customer co-creation is considered an important tool used in the innovation process. However, the implementation of the co-creation process faces several barriers. Tourism companies can benefit from the rapid technology to limit co-creation barriers. Engaging customers in the value of co-creation with tourism companies is still relatively low in Egypt because of different barriers. The study aims to identify the barriers that tourism companies face to start co-creation. The study also examines how technology could facilitate the co-creation process and limit these barriers. The findings that arise from the qualitative study identified eleven barriers under three categories. The first category, barriers related to the relationship between the customer and the company. The second category, ...

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mediating and moderating role of innovative services marketing strategy and safety and security measures in the tourism industry. Data were collected from 104 managers of travel agencies operating in Egypt. Mediation and moderation analysis were carried out to test the research hypotheses using Hieratical Regression method. Findings reveal that a travel agency's ability to transform its customer orientation and/or innovation orientation into enhanced business performance depends on its ability to offer innovative service marketing strategy. Moreover, this study supported the importance of safety and security measures in improving the firm performance because they strengthen the positive effect of the tourism strategy, namely innovative services marketing strategy on the marketing performance. The research highlights the importance of innovative services marketing strategy and safety and security measures for academics, travel agenc...

Tourism acts as a vital economic sector, though, revenues generated by domestic tourism in Egypt are far below expected levels. This paper aims to profile the Egyptian pleasure traveler based on travel attitude and behavior. The paper also investigates travel-related characteristics in the Egyptian pleasure travel market. A survey was conducted among the Egyptian pleasure travel market to identify the importance of decision factors for domestic tours and the most important perceived reasons for selecting a domestic holiday. This paper reports on initial findings of a more comprehensive research on the psychographic background of Egyptian travelers. This research explores the different factors affecting domestic tourism in Egypt, also its trends and attributes. Implications required to increase numbers and expenditures of domestic tourists were suggested.

The most difficult part about ethical climate in the workplace is its outcomes on job satisfaction, organization commitment and turnover intention. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the moderating role of ethical climate between job satisfaction and organizational commitment on one hand and between job satisfaction and turnover intention on the other hand. This study surveyed 174 employees in travel agencies in Alexandria. The study detected the role of ethical climate between the three variables; job satisfaction, organization commitment and turnover intention. The results revealed that there is a positive relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment and a negative one between job satisfaction and turnover intention in the presence of ethical climate.

Websites, social media, and tourism mobile applications are now considered important online channels for promoting destinations' brand. The study employed content analysis technique to analyze the official Egyptian Tourism Website, social media tools and the mobile application linked to the website. The study used three analysis models to evaluate the features and the interactivity of the Egyptian online channels. Results show a strong need to develop the interactivity of the Egyptian website and its mobile application. The study demonstrated the need for more integrated social media tools to brand Egypt online as a tourism destination.

This study aims to assess the impact of intellectual capital on the innovation performance of Egyptian travel agencies. To achieve this, the researchers used a deductive approach as well as a quantitative method. A semi-structured questionnaire was distributed to 250 travel agencies from 1008 Egyptian travel agencies in class A was collected by simple random sampling technique. Furthermore, the researchers reviewed the literature regarding intellectual capital and the performance of innovation. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed for the quantitative analysis. Also, Amos software version (26) utilised to perform the structural equation modeling analysis. According to the study's findings, two dimensions of intellectual capital (Human and Organizational) have a positive impact on the performance of innovation within the Egyptian travel agencies, while the dimension of social/relational capital has a weak negative impact on the innovative performance of Egyptian travel agencies. As a direct consequence, to achieve innovation performance, travel companies must strengthen their intellectual capital especially the human and organizational capital dimensions.

With COVID-19 travel restrictions and home quarantines, vicarious travel has emerged as a safe physical travel alternative and a refuge for relaxation, stress relief, and escapism. This study aims to examine Egyptians" attitudes towards vicarious travel and their willingness to adopt it amid and post-COVID-19 while investigating Egyptians" travel risk perception, travel planning behavior, and travel intentions amid the pandemic. Data were collected using an online questionnaire and structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed for statistical data analysis. Findings show that there is a significant correlation between travel risk perception amid COVID-19 and the willingness to experience vicarious travel. Furthermore, findings reveal that attitude towards vicarious travel has a positive impact on travel intentions. Overall, the study sheds the light on vicarious travel in the context of crises and introduces a concise definition for this oftenoverlooked concept in tourism literature. Study insights should be of value to academia and tourism authorities.

The continuous development of information technology has fundamentally revolutionized our communication patterns and behavior through the Internet, establishing a digital medium in which information is consumed and disseminated. In this context, most tourism researches focus on the role of UGC in directing the decision of visitors in determining the tourist destination that could be visited or the service provider that could be selected.
This research aimed at measuring the impact of user-generated content on the digital transformation of Egyptian travel agencies as well as investigating how UGC can stimulate the digital transformation of tourism and travel services.
For this purpose, the researchers used the deductive approach and quantitative method. Semi-structured questionnaires were distributed to a sample of 278 managers out of 1008 travel agencies, in addition to a sample of internet users including social media users, using a simple random sampling technique.
Moreover, researchers analyzed the literature regarding the fast-paced e-commerce environment to understand the complicated behaviour of consumer which shows that consumers are rapidly changing and that is what they also expect from the mediums they are dealing with. Findings of the study have indicated that User-generated content has a weak positive effect on the digital transformation of Egyptian travel agencies.
Implications for practice were suggested to support the digital transformation of Egyptian travel agencies based on user-generated content.

The focus of this study is on the application challenges of big data (BD) in tourism for one of the developing countries and how to utilise technology to improve the decision-making process. Specifically, the authors aimed to investigate the adoption barriers of BD applications by the tourism authorities in Egypt, evaluate the extent to which the Egyptian DMO members are familiar with BD techniques and applications, and analyse how the usage of BD applications impacts the quality of their decisions. A qualitative method was used for data analysis, with semi-structured interviews to collect data. The findings showed that the adoption of BD is hindered by five key factors: data accessibility, organisational, financial, human, and technological factors. That's why BD applications are not yet effectively exploited by the Egyptian tourism authorities. The study provided important managerial and policy implications for decision-makers in addition to suggesting new horizons for further research.

This study investigates the impact of hyper-personalisation through digital clienteling on the online booking intentions and behaviours of domestic tourists, employing an integrated model of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). Conducted through a quantitative methodology, the study gathered responses from 326 participants through a structured questionnaire. The participants were randomly chosen from various Egyptian Facebook travel groups, specifically targeting individuals with prior experience in online booking for domestic vacations. The analysis of the gathered data was carried out using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with the assistance of SmartPLS 4. The findings reveal a satisfactory fit for the model, with significant relationships between attitude, subjective norms, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and online booking intention and behaviour. The demographic analysis highlights a prevalence of educated and younger participants, suggesting that hyper-personalised digital clienteling may appeal more to this demographic. Practical implications suggest targeted marketing efforts and optimised digital platforms to enhance the user experience. Theoretical implications contribute to the advancement of technology adoption models, providing insights into tourists' decision-making processes. The study's originality lies in its focus on the Egyptian context and domestic tourism market, enriching the literature on technology adoption in developing countries.

This study investigates the transition barriers to the Circular Economy (CE) for travel agencies in Egypt. Drawing on a comprehensive literature review, the study develops a conceptual framework encompassing external and internal barriers to CE implementation. The research employs a quantitative approach with structured questionnaires distributed among managerial-level employees in Egyptian Travel Agencies. The study utilized Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4 for analysis.The study reveals that a significant majority (91.69%) of Egyptian travel agencies do not currently implement CE practices, with a prevalent representation of small and medium-sized enterprises. The analysis confirms that external and internal barriers significantly impact CE implementation. Notably, organization size moderates the relationship between external barriers and CE transition, while it shows no significant moderation for internal barriers.This study pioneers a tested model for measuring CE barriers in the tourism industry of developing countries, offering original insights crucial for academia, practitioners, and policymakers. With a unique focus on Egypt, an underexplored region, it contributes to micro-level CE literature and sets the stage for similar studies. The introduction of the moderating effect of organizational size underscores the nuanced impact of organizational characteristics on overcoming challenges during the CE transition.

This study aims to fill a critical gap in the field of circular tourism by investigating the perceptions and attitudes towards circularity among domestic tourists in Egypt, a developing country. The purpose is to provide insights into the preferences and behaviours of this demographic, addressing a lack of research in this context. Structured surveys were conducted among a randomly selected sample of 397 diverse domestic tourists. A quantitative approach, employing SmartPLS 4 for data analysis, was used to examine the relationships between environmental consciousness, demographic factors, and attitudes toward tourism circularity. This robust methodology ensures the reliability and validity of the study's findings. Findings reveal that around 56% of Egyptian domestic tourists exhibit high environmental awareness, with 26.9% lacking it. In terms of attitudes towards circularity, 44.6% express positivity, while 45.8% show negativity, indicating a potential misalignment between environmental awareness and attitudes towards circular practices. Positive relationships were identified between environmental consciousness and overall attitudes toward tourism circularity. Additionally, the study uncovers the mediating role of environmental consciousness in demographic influences and highlights the moderating effect of gender on the relationship between environmental consciousness and overall attitudes. This study contributes original insights by focusing on domestic tourists in a developing country, enriching the understanding of circular tourism. The study adds value to the literature by providing empirical evidence and insights for fostering sustainability in the Egyptian tourism sector. The study implications extend to actionable strategies for stakeholders, emphasising the importance of targeted interventions aligned with local preferences, thus fostering sustainability in the Egyptian tourism landscape.