📌 1.
Adjetivos: Comparativo e Superlativo
Os adjetivos podem ser usados para comparar duas ou mais coisas.
Comparativo (Comparing two things)
● Regra geral: adjetivo + -er + than
○ Exemplo: This winter is colder than last year.
● Se o adjetivo for longo (mais de duas sílabas), usamos "more" + adjetivo + than
○ Exemplo: This disaster was more dangerous than the previous one.
Superlativo (Comparing more than two things)
● Regra geral: the + adjetivo + -est
○ Exemplo: Today is the coldest day of the year.
● Para adjetivos longos: "the most" + adjetivo
○ Exemplo: That was the most destructive earthquake in history.
💡 Exceções comuns:
● Good → better (comparativo) → the best (superlativo)
● Bad → worse → the worst
● Far → farther/further → the farthest/the furthest
📌 2. Simple Past (Passado Simples)
Usamos para ações concluídas no passado.
Formação:
✅ Verbos regulares: Verbo + -ed
✅
● Yesterday, it rained a lot.
Verbos irregulares: têm formas próprias (precisam ser memorizados).
● The earthquake struck last night. ("strike" → "struck")
Frases negativas e interrogativas
● Usa-se did no negativo e interrogativo:
○ It didn’t snow last winter.
○ Did the volcano erupt last year?
📌 3. Conditional Sentences (Frases Condicionais)
Expressam condições e suas consequências.
Zero Conditional (Fatos gerais, leis da natureza)
If + presente simples, presente simples
● If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.
First Conditional (Possibilidade real no futuro)
If + presente simples, will + verbo
● If the storm gets worse, the flights will be canceled.
Second Conditional (Hipóteses no presente/futuro)
If + passado simples, would + verbo
● If I were you, I would stay inside during the hurricane.
Third Conditional (Hipótese no passado, impossível de mudar)
If + past perfect, would have + particípio
● If they had evacuated earlier, they would have survived.
📌 4. Will vs. Going To (Futuro)
Usamos "will" e "going to", mas em situações diferentes.
"Will" (Futuro espontâneo ou promessas)
● It will be sunny tomorrow. (previsão sem base)
● I will help you clean after the storm. (decisão no momento)
"Going to" (Planos futuros ou previsões baseadas em evidências)
● We are going to visit the disaster area next week. (plano)
● Look at those dark clouds! It is going to rain soon. (baseado em evidências)
📌 5. Phrasal Verbs (Verbos Frasais)
São verbos combinados com preposições ou advérbios, mudando o significado.
Exemplos relacionados ao clima e desastres naturais:
● Blow away – The wind blew away the roof. (levar pelo vento)
● Burn down – The fire burned down the house. (destruir pelo fogo)
● Cool down – The temperature cooled down after the rain. (ficar mais frio)
● Pick up – The storm picked up speed. (ficar mais forte)
● Run out of – We ran out of water after the earthquake. (ficar sem algo)
📌 6. Word Building (Formação de palavras)
A partir de uma raiz, podemos formar substantivos, adjetivos e verbos.
Exemplos:
● Nature → Natural (adjetivo) → Naturally (advérbio)
● Destroy → Destruction (substantivo) → Destructive (adjetivo)
● Predict → Prediction (substantivo) → Predictable (adjetivo)
📌 7. Writing About Weather and Natural Disasters
Para escrever um artigo sobre o clima ou desastres naturais, segue esta estrutura:
📝 Título: Deve ser chamativo ("The Deadliest Storm of the Century")
1. Introdução
● Explica o que aconteceu, onde e quando.
● Exemplo: Last week, a powerful hurricane struck the coast of Florida, causing severe
damage.
2. Desenvolvimento
● Descreve os efeitos e consequências (ex.: número de vítimas, impacto ambiental).
● Usa adjetivos comparativos e superlativos para destacar a gravidade ("This was the strongest
hurricane in a decade.").
● Exemplos com phrasal verbs: "The floodwaters washed away entire neighborhoods."
3. Conclusão
● Fala sobre medidas futuras ou soluções.
● Exemplo: Authorities are now working to rebuild the affected areas and prevent future
disasters.
1. Adjetivos Comparativos e Superlativos
Complete as frases com a forma correta dos adjetivos entre parênteses.
a) This winter is ______ (cold) than last year.
b) The hurricane last month was ______ (strong) than the one in 2020.
c) That was ______ (dangerous) storm we have ever experienced.
d) Floods are becoming ______ (common) due to climate change.
2. Simple Past (Passado Simples)
Complete as frases com o verbo no passado simples.
a) The tornado ______ (destroy) several houses last night.
b) Many people ______ (evacuate) before the flood started.
c) Scientists ______ (warn) about the risk of hurricanes.
d) The storm ______ (cause) serious damage in the city.
3. Conditional Sentences
Escolha a opção correta para completar cada frase.
a) If the temperature (drops / dropped) below zero, the water freezes. (Zero Conditional)
b) If the hurricane (gets / got) stronger, we (will / would) evacuate. (First Conditional)
c) If we (had / have) built stronger houses, they (would / will) have survived the storm. (Third
Conditional)
d) If I (were / was) a meteorologist, I (will / would) predict storms. (Second Conditional)
4. Will vs. Going To (Futuro)
Escolha entre will ou going to para completar as frases.
a) Look at those dark clouds! It ______ rain soon.
b) I think the storm ______ end by tomorrow.
c) We ______ prepare emergency kits next weekend.
d) They ______ send help as soon as possible.
5. Phrasal Verbs
Complete as frases com um phrasal verb correto da lista abaixo:
(blow away, burn down, cool down, run out of, wash away)
a) The strong winds ______ several trees in the area.
b) After the storm, the temperature finally ______.
c) The flood ______ the entire bridge.
d) The firefighters couldn’t stop the fire, and the house ______.
e) We need more food supplies; we ______ them quickly.
📌 1. Weather (Clima)
O tempo pode ser descrito com diferentes expressões e palavras.
✅ Palavras comuns para descrever o clima:
● Sunny – ensolarado ☀️
● Cloudy – nublado ☁️
● Windy – ventoso 💨
● Rainy – chuvoso 🌧️
● Stormy – tempestuoso ⛈️
● Foggy – com nevoeiro 🌫️
● Snowy – nevando ❄️
✅ Frases úteis:
● It’s sunny today. (Está ensolarado hoje.)
● It’s going to rain later. (Vai chover mais tarde.)
● There was a thunderstorm last night. (Houve uma tempestade ontem à noite.)
📌 2. Describing Temperature (Temperatura)
✅ Adjetivos para temperatura:
● Hot – quente 🔥
● Warm – morno
❄️
● Cool – fresco
🥶
● Cold – frio
● Freezing – congelante
✅ Exemplos:
● It’s freezing outside! (Está congelante lá fora!)
● The weather is warm today. (O tempo está morno hoje.)
● It was too hot to go outside yesterday. (Estava muito quente para sair ontem.)
📌 3. Natural Disasters (Desastres Naturais)
🌍
🌊
● Earthquake – terremoto
🌪️
● Flood – inundação
● Hurricane – furacão
🌊
● Tornado – tornado
🏔️
● Tsunami – tsunami
☀️
● Landslide – deslizamento de terra
● Drought – seca
✅ Exemplos:
● The earthquake destroyed several buildings. (O terremoto destruiu vários edifícios.)
● Floods occur when it rains too much in a short time. (As inundações ocorrem quando
chove muito em pouco tempo.)
📌 4. Verbs of Movement (Verbos de Movimento)
🏃♂️
🚶♀️
● Run – correr
🤸
● Walk – caminhar
🧗
● Jump – pular
🍂
● Climb – escalar
● Fall – cair
✈️
● Slide – escorregar
● Fly – voar
✅ Exemplos:
● The wind made the leaves fly in the air. (O vento fez as folhas voarem no ar.)
● People ran away from the fire. (As pessoas correram do fogo.)
📌 5. In the Street (Na Rua)
✅ Locais e objetos comuns na rua:
● Traffic lights – semáforo 🚦
● Crosswalk – faixa de pedestres 🚶♂️
● Sidewalk – calçada 🏙️
● Streetlight – poste de luz 💡
● Sign – placa 🛑
✅ Frases úteis:
● Wait for the green light to cross the street. (Espere o sinal verde para atravessar a
rua.)
● The car stopped at the traffic lights. (O carro parou no semáforo.)
📌 6. Climate Change (Mudanças Climáticas)
✅ Problemas causados pela mudança climática:
🌡️
❄️
● Rising temperatures – aumento das temperaturas
🌳
● Melting ice caps – derretimento das calotas polares
🌫️
● Deforestation – desmatamento
● Air pollution – poluição do ar
● Extreme weather – eventos climáticos extremos
✅ Exemplos:
● Climate change is causing more extreme weather events. (A mudança climática está
causando eventos climáticos mais extremos.)
● We need to reduce pollution to slow down global warming. (Precisamos reduzir a
poluição para desacelerar o aquecimento global.)
📌 7. Jobs (Trabalhos) e Work Activities (Atividades de Trabalho)
✅ Tipos de empregos:
🏥
📚
● Doctor – médico
🔥
● Teacher – professor
🏗️
● Firefighter – bombeiro
📰
● Engineer – engenheiro
● Journalist – jornalista
✅ Atividades de trabalho:
● Teach students – ensinar alunos
● Build houses – construir casas
● Write reports – escrever relatórios
● Rescue people – resgatar pessoas
● Fix machines – consertar máquinas
✅ Exemplo:
● A firefighter rescues people from fires. (Um bombeiro resgata pessoas de incêndios.)
📌 8. Describing Jobs (Descrevendo Profissões)
Quando descrevemos um trabalho, podemos falar sobre:
1️⃣ Duties (Funções) – A nurse takes care of patients.
2️⃣ Skills (Habilidades) – A pilot needs to have good concentration.
3️⃣ Workplace (Local de trabalho) – A chef works in a restaurant.
📌 9. Collocations: Jobs (Combinações Comuns sobre Trabalho)
● Get a job – conseguir um emprego
● Lose a job – perder um emprego
● Do overtime – fazer horas extras
● Earn money – ganhar dinheiro
● Apply for a job – candidatar-se a um emprego
✅ Exemplos:
● He applied for a job at a bank. (Ele se candidatou a um emprego no banco.)
● She earns a good salary as an engineer. (Ela ganha um bom salário como
engenheira.)
📌 10. Personal Qualities (Qualidades Pessoais)
Essas palavras descrevem características das pessoas:
✅ Positivas:
💪
🎨
● Hardworking – trabalhador(a)
✔️
● Creative – criativo(a)
😊
● Responsible – responsável
⏳
● Friendly – amigável
● Patient – paciente
✅ Negativas:
🛌
🚀
● Lazy – preguiçoso(a)
😠
● Impatient – impaciente
● Rude – rude
✅ Exemplos:
● A teacher needs to be patient and creative. (Um professor precisa ser paciente e
criativo.)
● She is hardworking and always finishes tasks on time. (Ela é trabalhadora e sempre
termina as tarefas a tempo.)
1. Weather and Temperature (Clima e Temperatura)
Complete as frases com as palavras: sunny, rainy, cloudy, windy, snowy, hot, cold,
warm, freezing, cool.
a) It’s very ______ today. Let’s go to the beach!
b) I need an umbrella because it’s ______ outside.
c) The sky is full of clouds. It’s a ______ day.
d) It’s ______ in the mountains. We need warm clothes.
e) The temperature is -5°C. It’s ______!
2. Natural Disasters (Desastres Naturais)
Escolha a opção correta para completar as frases.
a) A ______ happens when the ground shakes.
● ( ) hurricane
● ( ) earthquake
● ( ) flood
b) A ______ is a violent storm with strong winds and heavy rain.
● ( ) tornado
● ( ) drought
● ( ) hurricane
c) A long period without rain is called a ______.
● ( ) landslide
● ( ) tsunami
● ( ) drought
d) A ______ occurs when a large wave hits the coast after an earthquake in the ocean.
● ( ) tsunami
● ( ) tornado
● ( ) storm
3. Verbs of Movement (Verbos de Movimento)
Complete as frases com os verbos: run, walk, jump, climb, fall, slide.
a) He ______ over the wall to escape.
b) I saw her ______ up the mountain.
c) The baby is learning how to ______.
d) Be careful! You might ______ on the wet floor.
e) The kids ______ in the park for hours.
4. In the Street (Na Rua)
Complete as frases com: traffic lights, crosswalk, sidewalk, streetlight, sign.
a) We must stop at the red ______.
b) Pedestrians should use the ______ to cross the road.
c) There is a new ______ warning about roadwork ahead.
d) The car is parked on the ______.
e) At night, the ______ help us see the road.
5. Climate Change (Mudança Climática)
Complete as frases com: pollution, deforestation, global warming, extreme weather,
melting ice caps.
a) Factories and cars cause a lot of ______.
b) Cutting down too many trees leads to ______.
c) ______ is causing sea levels to rise.
d) We have seen more ______ like hurricanes and wildfires.
e) The Earth's temperature is rising due to ______.
6. Jobs and Work Activities (Trabalho e Atividades)
Combine as profissões com as descrições corretas.
1. ______ Teacher
2. ______ Doctor
3. ______ Firefighter
4. ______ Journalist
5. ______ Chef
a) Writes articles for newspapers.
b) Teaches students at school.
c) Treats sick people.
d) Cooks food in a restaurant.
e) Rescues people from fires.
7. Personal Qualities (Qualidades Pessoais)
Escolha a palavra correta para completar cada frase.
a) A ______ person always arrives on time.
● ( ) lazy
● ( ) punctual
b) A good teacher needs to be ______ with students.
● ( ) patient
● ( ) rude
c) He is very ______, so he always has new ideas.
● ( ) creative
● ( ) irresponsible
d) She is ______ and works extra hours when necessary.
● ( ) hardworking
● ( ) disorganized
1. Adjectives: Comparative and Superlative
Complete as frases com a forma correta dos adjetivos entre parênteses.
a) This book is ______ (interesting) than the one I read last week.
b) That was the ______ (bad) experience of my life!
c) My new apartment is ______ (spacious) than my old one, but also ______ (expensive).
d) The Pacific Ocean is ______ (deep) than the Atlantic Ocean.
e) Yesterday was the ______ (hot) day of the year!
Agora, reescreva as frases usando a forma oposta do adjetivo:
f) This test is easier than the previous one. → This test is ______ than the previous one.
g) This sofa is more comfortable than that chair. → This chair is ______ than this sofa.
2. Simple Past (Passado Simples)
Complete as frases com o verbo no passado simples.
a) She ______ (forget) her umbrella at the restaurant.
b) We ______ (not/sleep) well because of the noise.
c) The scientist ______ (discover) a new planet last year.
d) Why ______ you (not/tell) me about the accident?
e) They ______ (decide) to move to another country.
Agora, transforme as frases afirmativas em perguntas ou negativas:
f) He wrote a letter to his friend. → ______ he ______ a letter to his friend?
g) They went to the museum. → They ______ to the museum. (Negativa)
3. Conditional Sentences
Escolha a opção correta para completar as frases.
a) If she ______ (study / studied) harder, she would pass the test. (Second Conditional)
b) If I ______ (were / was) you, I would accept the offer. (Second Conditional)
c) If they had left earlier, they ______ (arrive) on time. (Third Conditional)
d) If the weather is good tomorrow, we ______ (go / would go) to the beach. (First
Conditional)
e) If we ______ (not miss) the bus, we wouldn't have been late. (Third Conditional)
Agora, complete com as tuas próprias ideias:
f) If I won the lottery, I ______.
g) If she had studied more, she ______.
4. Will vs. Going To (Futuro)
Escolha entre will ou going to para completar as frases.
a) Look at those black clouds! It ______ rain soon.
b) I promise I ______ help you with your homework.
c) They ______ visit their grandparents next weekend.
d) Be careful! You ______ fall if you don’t hold on.
e) She thinks she ______ be famous one day.
Agora, explique o motivo da escolha de "will" ou "going to" em cada frase acima.
5. Phrasal Verbs
Complete as frases com um phrasal verb correto da lista abaixo:
(give up, turn down, break down, take after, put off, find out, run into, look after, carry on, get
over)
a) I don’t want to ______ my plans, but I have too much work to do.
b) He was feeling sad, but his friends helped him ______ it.
c) We ______ our grandparents because they are old and need help.
d) My car ______ on the highway, so I had to call a tow truck.
e) She applied for the job, but they ______ her application.
f) I ______ an old friend at the supermarket yesterday.
g) After many attempts, he decided to ______ and stop trying.
h) She really ______ her mother; they look and act the same.
i) I was surprised when I ______ that he was moving to another country.
j) He was tired but decided to ______ with his work.
Agora, reescreva as frases substituindo os phrasal verbs por sinônimos sem mudar o
significado.
1. Weather & Describing Temperature
Complete as frases com as palavras: boiling, chilly, damp, mild, scorching, humid,
frosty, drizzle, hail, overcast.
a) It’s not too cold today; the temperature is quite ______.
b) The weather is extremely hot! It’s ______ outside.
c) There’s a little rain, but not heavy—just a light ______.
d) It was hard to drive because of the heavy fog and ______ roads.
e) The sky is completely covered with clouds; it’s a(n) ______ day.
f) After the storm, we saw pieces of ______ on the ground.
g) I need a jacket; it’s a bit ______ outside.
h) The air feels wet and sticky; it’s so ______ today.
i) It’s snowing, and the windows are covered in ______.
j) Be careful! The pavement is ______ from the rain.
2. Natural Disasters
Preencha as frases com os desastres naturais corretos: earthquake, flood, hurricane,
drought, landslide, tsunami, wildfire, tornado, volcanic eruption.
a) A powerful ______ destroyed buildings when the ground shook violently.
b) A ______ left thousands of people without homes after the river overflowed.
c) The village was covered in ash and lava after a ______.
d) A strong ______ with winds of 200 km/h hit the coast last night.
e) Without rain for months, the country is suffering a severe ______.
f) A ______ carried huge rocks and mud down the mountain after heavy rain.
g) The enormous wave caused by the earthquake was a devastating ______.
h) The ______ moved across the fields, destroying everything in its path.
i) Firefighters are struggling to control the ______ spreading in the forest.
3. Verbs of Movement
Complete as frases com os verbos: stumble, dash, leap, crawl, slide, stagger, tiptoe,
race, sprint, climb.
a) He tried to run but ______ over a rock and fell.
b) The baby can’t walk yet, but he can ______.
c) We had to ______ over the fence to escape.
d) I saw her ______ quietly into the room so as not to wake the baby.
e) The kids love to ______ down the icy hill in winter.
f) He lost his balance and ______ before falling into the chair.
g) She had to ______ up the steep hill to reach the top.
h) The dog suddenly ______ after the ball.
i) The athlete started to ______, trying to reach the finish line first.
j) We had to ______ to catch the last train home.
4. In the Street
Preencha as frases com as palavras: crosswalk, pavement, junction, speed bump, traffic
jam, pedestrian, underpass, lane, roundabout, signpost.
a) There was a huge ______ on the highway due to an accident.
b) The cyclist stayed in the bicycle ______ for safety.
c) You must stop at the ______ before crossing the road.
d) The school installed a ______ to slow down cars near the entrance.
e) There is an underground ______ so pedestrians don’t have to cross the busy road.
f) Follow the ______ to find the nearest gas station.
g) The city replaced the main intersection with a ______ to improve traffic flow.
h) A ______ is someone who walks instead of using a vehicle.
i) The car turned left at the ______ where two roads met.
j) Please stay on the ______ and not walk on the road!
5. Climate Change
Complete com os termos adequados: carbon footprint, greenhouse gases, rising sea
levels, renewable energy, global warming, pollution, deforestation, fossil fuels,
sustainable, extreme weather.
a) Many companies are trying to reduce their ______ to help the environment.
b) Using solar and wind power are examples of ______.
c) The burning of ______ releases a lot of CO₂ into the atmosphere.
d) Melting ice caps are a consequence of ______.
e) The Amazon rainforest is shrinking due to ______.
f) Factories and vehicles contribute to air ______.
g) We need more ______ solutions to protect the planet.
h) The frequency of hurricanes and heatwaves is increasing due to ______.
i) The emission of ______ is causing the planet to warm up.
j) Many coastal cities are at risk due to ______.
6. Jobs & Describing Jobs
Associe as profissões às descrições corretas.
1. ______ Architect
2. ______ Pharmacist
3. ______ Accountant
4. ______ Mechanic
5. ______ Electrician
6. ______ Lawyer
a) Repairs and maintains cars.
b) Designs buildings and structures.
c) Works with medicine and gives prescriptions.
d) Handles financial records and taxes.
e) Fixes electrical systems.
f) Gives legal advice and represents people in court.
Agora, use cada profissão numa frase completa.
7. Collocations: Jobs & Work Activities
Escolha a palavra correta para completar a frase.
a) He works (for/in) a multinational company.
b) She is (responsible/made) for managing the sales team.
c) I have to (do/make) a presentation at the meeting tomorrow.
d) He decided to (give up/take up) his career in finance.
e) She was (hired/fired) last month and is looking for a new job.
f) He had to (apply/ask) for a work permit before moving abroad.
g) I’d love to (get/make) a promotion this year.
h) They are planning to (run/start) their own business.
8. Personal Qualities
Escolha a palavra correta para completar as frases.
a) A (reliable/selfish) person always keeps promises.
b) He’s very (moody/talkative); he never stops chatting!
c) She’s always so (rude/polite) to customers and greets them with a smile.
d) He’s very (bossy/generous) and always tells everyone what to do.
e) A good nurse should be (compassionate/arrogant) towards patients.
f) My best friend is really (loyal/shy); she always supports me.
g) He is very (ambitious/lazy) and works hard to achieve his goals.
h) She’s really (independent/irresponsible) and doesn’t need help to do things.
