Ficha de Trabalho de Matemática - 12º Ano
Ficha de Trabalho de Matemática - 12º Ano
FICHAFicha
DEdeTRABALHO
trabalho DE MATEMÁTICA Turma: 12ºA/B12º Ano
Disciplina: Matemática
Função Exponencial e Logarítmica (Parte1) Data: __/ 03 / 2021
1. Calcula:
n n +1
3n + 4 3
1.1. lim 1.2. lim 1 −
3n n+2
n
5n + 1
3n
4n + 4 2
1.3. lim 1.4. lim −1 +
5n + 3 2n + 1
2. Seja f a função, de domínio ℝ, definida por f ( x ) = a 3bx , onde a e b são números reais não nulos.
1
Sabe-se que o gráfico de f passa pelos pontos A e B de coordenadas ( −1, 3) e , 81 ,
3
respetivamente.
b 4 27
Prove que = .
a 36
3. Calcula:
e2 x − e x e x +8 − e5
3.1. lim 3.2. lim
x→0 1 − e x x →−3 x+3
1
4. Considera os números reais positivos a , b e c diferentes de 1 tais que log a b = − e log c b = 4 .
2
Determina o valor de:
a2 c2 b
4.1. log a log b
3
b a3
4
b
4.2. log b a − log a : log c ( c 2b )
a2
4e x + 3 = ( 2e x )
2
5.2.
Pág. 1/8
Data: 07/02/2022
FICHA DE TRABALHO Turma: 12ºA/B
Disciplina: Matemática
f ( x ) = 2 + log3 ( x 2 − 1) − log3 ( x + 1)
( log4 x )
2
8.1. + log 4 x = 12
log3 ( x − 3) = 2
2
8.2.
x +1
f ( x ) = x − x log 3
2
x+2
g ( x ) = ln
4+ x
10.1. Determine o domínio de cada uma das funções.
10.2. Determine o(s) zero(s) da função g , caso exista(m).
Pág. 2/8
Data: 07/02/2022
FICHA DE TRABALHO Turma: 12ºA/B
Disciplina: Matemática
π 7π
11. Seja f a função real de variável real definida em − , por:
6 6
f ( x ) = ln ( 2sin ( x ) + 1)
π 5π
(A) 0 (B) π (C) , (D) 0, π
6 6
4 x2 −1
g ( x) =
log 1 ( 2 x + 1) + 2
2
13. Calcule.
4 x +1 − 4
13.1. lim
x →0 x
ln ( x + 3)
13.2. lim
x →−2 4 − x2
ln ( 2 x + 1) − e x + 1
13.3. lim
x →0 x
x3 − 1 1 − x
13.4. lim +
x →1 ln x e x −1 − 1
14. Calcule.
14.1. lim −3 x − 3log ( − x )
x →−
2e x x
14.2. lim
x →+ x2 + 4
10
14.3. lim x x
x →+
ln ( 4 x 2 + 5 )
14.4. lim
x →+ 5x
Pág. 3/8
Data: 07/02/2022
FICHA DE TRABALHO Turma: 12ºA/B
Disciplina: Matemática
RESOLUÇÂO
n
4
n n n
3n + 4 3n 4 4 4
1.1. lim = lim + = lim 1 + = = lim 1 + 3 = e3
3n 3n 3n 3n n
n −1 n + 2 −3 n+2 −3
3 3 3 3
1.2. lim 1 − = lim 1 − = = lim 1 − lim 1 − = = e−3 1−3 = e−3 1 = e−3
n+2 n+2 n+2 n+2
n 3
n 3
n 3 1
1 1 3
5n 1 + lim 1 + lim 1 + 5
1
( )
3
3n n 2 3
5n + 1 5n + 1 5n 5n n e5 − −
6
1.3. lim = lim = lim = = = = = e 5
=e 5
5n + 3 5n + 3 3 3
n
3
n 3
5n 1 + lim 1 + e 5
5n 5n lim 1 + 5
n
1 1
2. O gráfico de f passa pelos pontos A ( −1, 3) e B , 81 , portanto, f ( −1) = 3 e f = 81 .
3 3
3
f ( −1) = 3 a 3(
b −1)
=3 a 3− b = 3
a = −b
a=3 ( )
1− − b 4−
b
3 3 3 = 31+ b
1 1 b
81 b
f = 81 b
a 3 3 = 81 a= b a=3 3
4− 4−
b
3 a 3 3
= 81 a=3 3
3 3
b b 4b 9 9 9
4− =1+ b 4 −1 = b + 3= b= b= b= 9
4 b=
3 3 3 4 4 4
9
b b b 9 13
4− 4− 4− 4−
a=3 3
a=3 3
a=3 3 4− 4
a=3 12
a = 34 a = 4 313
a=3 3
9 9 9
b= b= b=
4 4 4
a = 4 34 34 34 3 a = 3 3 34 3 a = 27 4 3
9
b 9 1 1
= 44 = = = =
a 27 3 4 27 4 3 4 3 4 3 12 4 3
4
33 4 3
3 4
27
= = =
12 34 4
3 3 12 3 36
e2 x − e x e x ( e x − 1)
3.1. lim = lim = lim ( −e x ) = −e0 = −1
1− e − ( e x − 1) x →0
x →0 x x → 0
e x + 8 − e5 e5 ( e x + 3 − 1) e x +3 − 1
3.2. lim = lim = e5 lim
x →−3 x+3 x →− 3 x+3 x →− 3 x+3
Fazendo y = x + 3 , se x → −3 , então y → 0 , pelo que:
Pág. 4/8
Data: 07/02/2022
FICHA DE TRABALHO Turma: 12ºA/B
Disciplina: Matemática
e x +3 − 1 5 ey −1 5
e5 lim = e lim = e 1 = e5
x →−3 x+3 y → 0 y
1
4.1. log a
a2
3
b
log b
c2 b
a3
= = log a a 2 − log a ( ) ( b)
3
( )
log b c 2 b − log b ( a 3 ) = = 2 − log a b 3 logb ( c 2 ) + logb ( b ) − 3log b a =
1
1 1 1 1 1
= 2 − log a b 2log b c + log b b 2 − 3log b a = = 2 − log a b 2 + −3
3 3 log c b 2 log a b
1
Como log a b = − e logc b = 4 :
2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13 91
2− − 2 + −3 = = 2+ + +6 = 7=
3 2 4 2 1 6 2 2 6 6
−
2
( b ) − log ( a )
4
b 1
4.2. log b a − log a : log c ( c 2b ) = = − log a 4
a
2
: log c ( c 2 ) + log c b =
a2 log a b
1
1 1 1
= − log a b 4 − 2 : 2 + log c b = = − log a b − 2 : 2 + log c b
log a b log a b 4
1
Como log a b = − e logc b = 4 :
2
1 1 1 1 17 1 17 17 79
− − − 2 : 2 + 4 = −2 − − − 2 : 6 = = −2 − − = −2 − − = −2 + =−
1 4 2 8 8 6 48 48 48
−
2
x
2x 1 1 2x 2
= ( 32 ) 27
x
5.1. 2 x −1 = 32 x + 3 = 32 x 33 2x 2x = 9 x 27 = 27 2 = 54 x = log 2 ( 54 )
2 2 2 9x 9 9
4 16 − 4 4 ( −3 )
5.2. 4e x + 3 = ( 2e )
x 2
4e x + 3 = 4 ( e )
x 2
4(e )
x 2
− 4e x − 3 = 0 ex =
2 4
4+8 4 −8 3 1 3 3 3
ex = ex = ex = ex = − ex = x ex = x = ln
8 8 2 2 2 2 2
AC ordenada de B
6. A ABC =
2
A ( x, 0 ) pertence ao gráfico de f , portanto: f ( x ) = 0 log a x = 0 x =1
Logo, A (1, 0 ) .
Como o triângulo ABC é isósceles:
AC = 2 ( a 2 − 1) = 2a 2 − 2
Assim, A ABC =
( 2a 2
− 2) 2
= 2a 2 − 2 .
2
Resposta: (A)
7.1 Para x 1, + :
f ( x ) = 2log 3 ( x − 1) − log 3 ( x + 1)
2
f ( x ) = log3 32 + log3 ( x 2 − 1) − log3 ( x + 1) f ( x ) = log3 9 + log3 ( x 2 − 1) − log3 ( x + 1)
9 ( x 2 − 1) 9 ( x − 1)( x + 1)
f ( x ) = log3 9 ( x2 − 1) − log3 ( x + 1) f ( x ) = log 3 f ( x ) = log3
x +1 x +1
f ( x ) = log3 9 ( x − 1) f ( x ) = log 3 ( 9 x − 9 )
10 10
7.2. f ( x) = 0 log 3 ( 9 x − 9 ) = 0 x 1 9x − 9 = 1 x 1 9x = 10 x 1 x= x 1 x=
9 9
10
O zero de f é .
9
( log 4 x ) ( log 4 x )
2 2
8.1. + log 4 x = 12 x 0 + log 4 x − 12 = 0 x 0
Fazendo y = log4 x :
Pág. 5/8
Data: 07/02/2022
FICHA DE TRABALHO Turma: 12ºA/B
Disciplina: Matemática
−1 1− 4 1 ( −12 ) −1 + 7 −1 − 7
y 2 + y − 12 = 0 y= y= y= y =3 y = −4
2 1 2 2
Voltando à variável x :
1
( log 4 x = 3 log 4 x = −4 ) x 0 (x = 4 3
x = 4−4 ) x 0 x = 64 x=
44
x 0
1 1
x = 64 x= x 0 x = 64 x=
256 256
log3 ( x − 3) = 2 ( x − 3) log3 ( x − 3) = log3 (32 ) ( x − 3)
2 2 2 2
8.2. 0 x 3 =9 x 3
x +1 x +1
9.1. f ( x) 0 x −1 x − x log3 0 x −1 x 1 − log3 0 x −1
2 2
Cálculo auxiliar:
x +1 x +1 x +1 x +1
x 1 − log 3 =0 x = 0 1 − log3 =0 x = 0 log3 =1 x = 0 log3 = log3 3
2 2 2 2
x +1
x=0 =3 x=0 x=5
2
Recorrendo a uma tabela:
x –1 0 5 +
x n.d. – 0 + + +
x +1
1 − log3 n.d. + + + 0 –
2
x +1
x 1 − log 3 n.d. – 0 + 0 –
2
f ( x) 0 x −1, 0 5, +
1
− +1
1 5 +1 1 1 1 1 1
9.2. f ( 5) − f − = = 5 − 5log 3 − − − − log 3 3 = = ( 5 − 5log 3 ( 3) ) − − + log 3 =
3 2 3 3 2 3 3 3
1 1 1 1 2 2
= ( 5 − 5 1) − − + log3 ( 3−1 ) = = 0 − − + ( −1) = − − =
3 3 3 3 3 3
10.1. Df = x : 3 − x 0 2 − log 2 (3 − x ) 0 Df = x : x 3 log2 (3 − x ) 2 Df = x : x 3 3− x 4
Df = x : x 3 x −1 D f = − , 3 \ −1
x+2
Dg = x : 0 Dg = x : ( x + 2 0 4 + x 0) (x + 2 0 4 + x 0)
4+ x
Dg = x : ( x −2 x −4) (x −2 x −4) Dg = x : x −2 x −4 Dg = − , − 4 −2, +
x+2
10.2. g ( x ) = 0 x Dg ln =0 x Dg
4+ x
x+2
= 1 x Dg
4+ x
x+2
− 1 = 0 x Dg
4+ x
x + 2 − (4 + x) x+2−4− x
= 0 x Dg =0 x Dg
4+ x 4+ x
7 7 7
11. f ( x ) = 0 x − , ln ( 2sin ( x ) + 1) = 0 x − , 2sin ( x ) + 1 = 1 x − ,
6 6 6 6 6 6
7
sin ( x ) = 0 x − ,
6 6
7
x=k , k x − ,
6 6
x=0 x=
O conjunto dos zeros de f é 0, .
Resposta: (D)
Pág. 6/8
Data: 07/02/2022
FICHA DE TRABALHO Turma: 12ºA/B
Disciplina: Matemática
1 1
12.1 Dg = x : 4x2 − 1 0 2x + 1 0 log 1 ( 2 x + 1) + 2 0 Dg = x : x2 x − log 1 ( 2 x + 1) −2
2 4 2 2
−2
1 1 1 1 1
Dg = x : x − x x − 2x + 1 Dg = x : x 2x + 1 4
2 2 2 2 2
1 3 1 3
Dg = x : x x Dg = , + \
2 2 2 2
4 x2 − 1
12.2. g ( x ) 0 x Dg 0 x Dg
log 1 ( 2 x + 1) + 2
2
4 x2 − 1 1 1
0 x Dg 4x2 − 1 0 log 1 ( 2 x + 1) + 2 0 x Dg x − x log 1 ( 2 x + 1) −2 x Dg
log 1 ( 2 x + 1) + 2 2 2 2 2
2
−2
1 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 3
x − x log 1 ( 2 x + 1) log 1 x Dg x − x x x Dg x x , assim, x ,
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 x +1 − 4 4 ( 4 x − 1) 4x − 1
x
e ln 4 − 1 e x ln 4 − 1 e x ln 4 − 1 e x ln 4 − 1
13.1. lim = lim = 4lim = 4lim = = 4lim = 4lim ln 4 = 4ln 4lim
x →0 x x →0 x x →0 x x →0 x x →0 x x → 0 x ln 4 x → 0 x ln 4
ln ( 2 x + 1) y y 1 1
lim − 1 = lim − 1 = 2lim y −1 = = 2 −1 = 2 −1 = 2 −1 = 1
x →0 x y →0 ey −1 y →0 e − 1 ey −1 1
lim
2 y → 0 y
x3 − 1 1 − x x −1 1− x 3
1 0 0 −1
13.4. lim + = lim + lim x −1 = = 3 − 1 = 2 , dado que
x→1 ln x e x−1 − 1 x →1 ln x x →1 e −1 1 1 1 −1
( x − 1) ( x 2 + x + 1) x −1
1 1 1 0
• = lim = = lim lim ( x 2 + x + 1) = ln x = y x = ey
x →1 ln x x →1 ln x x →1 Se x → 1, y → 0
ey −1
= lim 3 =1 3 = 3
y →0 y
1− x x −1 x −1 y = x −1 x = y +1
• lim = − lim x −1 = = − lim x −1 =
x →1 e x −1 − 1 x →1 e −1 x →1 e −1 Se x → 1, y → 0
y
= − lim =
ey −1
y →0
1
=− =
ey −1
lim
y →0 y
1
= − = −1
1
log ( − x ) log ( − x )
14.1. lim −3x − 3log ( − x ) = lim −3x 1 + = = lim ( −3x ) lim 1 +
x →− x →− x x →− x →− x
Fazendo y = − x , tem-se que x = − y e se x → − , então y → + , pelo que:
Pág. 7/8
Data: 07/02/2022
FICHA DE TRABALHO Turma: 12ºA/B
Disciplina: Matemática
ln ( y )
log ( − x ) log ( y ) log ( y ) ln (10 )
lim ( −3x ) lim 1 + = = lim ( 3 y ) lim 1 + = = lim ( 3 y ) 1 − lim = = lim ( 3 y ) 1 − lim =
x →− x →− x y →+ y →+ −y y →+ y →+ y z →+ y →+ y
ln ( y ) 1 1
= lim ( 3 y ) 1 − lim = =+ 1− 0 =+
y →+ y →+ y ln10 ln10
2e x x 2e x x ex x ex x ex x
14.2. lim = lim = 2 lim = = 2 lim lim = 2 lim lim =
x →+ x 2 + 4 x →+ 4 x →+ x 4 x →+ x x →+ 4 x →+ x x →+ x2 + 4
x x+ x+ x+
x x x x
ex x2 ex x2
= 2 lim lim = 2 lim lim = = 2(+ ) 1= +
x →+ x x →+ x2 + 4 x →+ x x →+ x2
10 10 ln x ln x
lim ln x lim 10 10 lim
14.3. lim x x = e x→+ x
= e x→+ x
=e x→+ x
= = e10 0 = e0 = 1
x →+
5 5 5
ln ( 4 x 2 + 5 )
ln x 2 4 + ln ( x 2 ) + ln 4 + ln 4 + 2
x2 x2 1 ln ( x 2 ) x
14.4. lim = lim = = lim == lim + lim =
x →+ 5x x →+ 5x x →+ 5x 5 x →+ x x →+ x
5 5
ln 4 + ln 4 +
1 2ln ( x ) x2 2 ln ( x ) 1 x2 2 1 ln 4 1
= lim + lim = = lim + lim = = 0+ =0+ 0=0
5 x →+ x x →+ x 5 x →+ x 5 x →+ x 5 5 + 5
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