CD 01

What is your name? Track 3

Bill - Hello! Who are you?

Mary - I’m Mary. And you?

Bill - My name is Bill. I’m an engineer. And you?

Mary - I’m an architect.

Bill - Nice to meet you!

Mary - Nice to meet you too!

ARTICLES A/AN

Articles (artigos). Vamos falar um pouco sobre os artigos indefinidos A e

AN. Eles correspondem a "um" e "uma" em português, porém sem haver distinção de

gêneros (masculino e feminino). Note que os 2 têm a mesma tradução.

A é usado antes de palavras que começam com consoante ou som de dupla

vogal. Ex. a student, a pilot, a university (som de iú).

AN é usado antes de palavras começam com vogal (ou H mudo). Ex. an

artist, an orange, an hour, etc.

Note que A e AN são formas usadas no singular, nunca use no plural. Ex: a

boy, boys, an orange, oranges.

EXERCISES

FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH A or AN (preencha os espaços em branco com (A ou AN).

Ex: I am a teacher.

a) You are ____ artist.

b) I am ____ student.

c) You are ____ office boy.

d) He is ____ engineer.

e) She is ____ secretary.

f) You are ____ singer.

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WHO ARE YOU? Track 4

I am Joane Miller. And you? Who are you?

I am Lynn. I am a teacher.

And I’m Tracy. I’m a student.

GRAMMAR FOCUS - WH QUESTION Track 5

Who are you? (Quem é você?). O pronome interrogativo Who sempre refere-se

a pessoas.

Ex. Who are you?

I am Peter. Who is she? (Quem é ela?). She is Joane Miller. Ela é Joane Miller.

Who is he? (Quem é ele?) He is Bill. (Ele é Bill). Who are they? (Quem são

eles?). They are Peter and Joane. São Peter e Joane.

What - qual, quais, o que.

What is your occupation? (Qual é a sua profissão?)

What about - que tal

What about going to the theater? (Que tal irmos ao teatro?)

What...like? - expressão usada para perguntar sobre aspectos geográficos,

físicos ou psicológicos.

What is São Paulo like? (Como é São Paulo?)

What is your father like? (Como é seu pai?)

Which - qual, quais, o que - usado quando se solicita uma escolha entre dois ou

mais elementos:

Which is his favorite sport, tennis, soccer or basketball? (Qual é o esporte

preferido dele, tênis, futebol ou basquete?)

Which is more difficult, English or Portuguese? (Qual é mais difícil, inglês ou

português?)

Whom - quem, usado como objeto direto ou indireto na oração. É obrigatório

após uma preposição:

With whom were you talking? (Com quem você estava falando?)

2
Where - onde

Where were they going to? (Onde eles estavam indo?)

When - quando

When was she born? (Quando ela nasceu?)

Why - Por que

Why do people worry? (Por que as pessoas se preocupam?)

Obs: quando temos WH question, usamos os auxiliares do/does/did após o Wh.

Ex.:

Why do you want to learn English? (Por que você quer aprender inglês?)

When do you go to school? (Quando você vai à escola?)

Where do you work? (Onde você trabalha?)

What do you do? (O você faz?)

Greetings (Saudações) Listen and repeat. Track 6

Hello Sally. How are you? Fine thanks. And you?

Olá Sally como vai? Bem obrigada e você?

Good morning everyone. Good morning Mrs. Miller.

Bom dia a todos. Bom dia Sra. Miller.

Good afternoon Sir. May I help you?

Boa tarde Sr. Posso ajudá-lo?

Good evening everybody!

Boa noite a todos.

Good night Bob. Night dad.

Boa noite Bob. Boa noite papai.

Tom this is Brenda Perl. How do you do? How do you do?

Tom esta é Brenda Perl. Como vai? (Como vai, a pessoa que está sendo

apresentada)

Good Bye! Bye, see you on Sunday!

Tchau! Tchau, vejo vocês no domingo!

3
EXPRESSIONS (Expressões) Track 7

Formal Informal

Hello - Olá Hi

Good morning - Bom dia Morning!

Good night - Boa noite (ao se despedir) Night!

Good bye - Adeus/Tchau Bye!

How do you do? - Como vai? How are you?

Good evening - Usa-se good evening ao chegar em um local, ou ao encontrar

alguém à noite.

Good night - Usa-se good night ao sair de um local ou ao despedir-se de alguém

à noite.

VOCABULARY Track 8

A/an - um, uma Meet - conhecer, encontrar

Afternoon - período da tarde Morning - manhã

And - e Mr. - senhor

Architect - arquiteto Mrs. - senhora

Are - são, estão (verbo to be) My - meu

Artist - artista Name - nome

Day - dia Night - noite

Engineer - engenheiro Secretary - secretária

Everybody - todo mundo (todos) She - ela

Fine - bem, bom Singer - cantor

Good - bom, boa Sir - senhor, cavalheiro

He – ele Student – aluno, estudante

Hello - olá Teacher - professor (a)

Hi - oi Thanks - obrigado

How - como This – este, esta, isto

I - eu Too - também

Is - é, está, (verbo to be) You - você, vocês

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USEFUL EXPRESSIONS (expressões úteis) Track 9

Good Afternoon. - Boa tarde.

Good bye. - Adeus, até logo.

Good morning. - Bom dia.

How are you? - Como vai você? ( informal )

How do you do? - Como vai você? ( formal )

May I help you? - Posso ajudá-lo?

Nice to meet you. - Prazer em conhecê-lo.

See you on Sunday. - Vejo você no domingo.

See you tomorrow. - Vejo você amanhã.

Listen and complete the conversation. (ouça e complete a conversa) Track 10

Brenda - Hello Jack, _________ you?

Jack - ______ fine ________ and _____ ?

Brenda - I’m Ok. Jack, ________ Susan, a friend from Toronto.

Jack - ______ Susan.

Susan - Hi.

Jack - Sorry Brenda, but I have to go.

Brenda - That’s Ok.

Jack - See you __________.

Brenda - Ok. Good _________.

Jack - Thanks ______ too.

Susan - ______. Nice _________ you.

Jack - Nice _________ you too.

5
Where are you from? De onde vocé é? Track 11

Jeff - What’s your name?

Joane - My name is Joane Miller.

Jeff - Nice to meet you. My name is Jeff Bright.

Joane - Nice to meet you too.

Jeff - Where are you from?

Joane - I am from London.

Jeff - Are you British?

Joane - No I am not.

Jeff - (hahaha) Where is London, then?

Joane - Oh, sorry! I’m from London-Ontario.

Jeff - So you are Canadian!

Joane - Yes I am. And where are you from?

Jeff - I’m from New York, I am American.

Joane - How old are you?

Jeff - I’m 23 years old. And you?

Joane - I’m 24.

GRAMMAR FOCUS

VERB TO BE (ser, estar) Track 12

Afirmativa

I am - (eu sou, estou) - I am late - Eu estou atrasado.

You are - (você é, está) - You are busy - Vocé está ocupado.

He is - (ele é, está) - He is my friend - Ele é meu amigo.

She is - (ela é, está) - She is my sister - Ela é minha irmã.

It is - (é, está) - It is mine - É meu. ( usa-se It para coisas ou animais )

We are - (somos, estamos) - We are students - Somos alunos.

You are - (vocês são, estão) - You are good students - Vocês são bons alunos.

They are - (eles são, estão) - They are hungry - Eles estão com fome.

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Negativa

I am not - (não sou, não estou) - I am not working now - Não estou

trabalhando agora.

You are not - (você não é, não está) - You are not ugly - Você não é feio(a).

He is not - (ele não é, não está) - He is not my boss - Ele não é meu chefe.

She is not - (ela não é, não está) - She is not my sister - Ela não é minha

irmã.

It is not - (não é, não está) - It is not my fault - Não é minha culpa

We are not - (não somos, não estamos) - We are not tired - Não estamos

cansados.

You are not - (vocês não são, não estão) - You are not early - vocês não

estão adiantados.

They are not - (eles não são, não estão) - They are not here - Eles não estão

aqui.

Interrogativa

Am l? - (eu sou? estou?) - Am I right? - Estou certo?

Are you? - (você é? está?) - Are you busy? - Você está ocupado?

Is He? - (ele é? está?) - Is he your brother? - Ele é seu irmão?

Is she? - (ela é? está?) - Is she your mother? - Ela é sua mãe?

Is it? - (é, está?) - Is it working? - Está funcionando?

Are we? - (nós somos ? estamos?) - Are we late? - Estamos atrasados?

Are you? - (vocês são? estão?) - Are you tired? - Vocês estão cansados?

Are they? - (eles são? estão?) - Are they here? - Eles estão aqui?

Contractions: ( forma contraída ) Track 13

Afirmativa

I’m/You’re/He’s/She’s/It’s/We’re/You’re/They’re

Negativa

I’m not/You’re not/He's not/She's not/It's not/We're not/You’re not/They’re not

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Neqativa (Esta é a forma mais usada na conversação)

You aren’t/He isn't/She isn't/It isn’t/We aren’t/You aren’t/they aren't

Tanto na fala como na escrita usa-se a forma longa e a forma reduzida do

verbo to be. No entanto, a forma reduzida é a mais comum na fala.

EXERCISES

1) CHANGE TO THE NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE FORM. (Mude para a forma negativa e

interrogativa)

a) She is an actress.

N: She isn't an actress. I: Is she an actress?

b) You are from Los Angeles.

N: ____________________________. I: __________________________?

c) It is your dog.

N: ____________________________. I: __________________________?

d) They are her friends.

N: ___________________________. I: ___________________________?

e) He is my brother.

N: ___________________________. I: ___________________________?

2) COMPLETE WITH THE FORMS OF THE VERB TO BE THAT ARE MISSING. (Complete com as

formas do verbo to be que estão faltando).

Long forms Short forms

We are We’re

He is _______

She is not _______

We are not _______

I am not _______

He is not _______

8
MEET MY FAMILY Track 14

My name is Daisy and I want you to meet my family. Meet my father, he is

handsome and his name is Harold.

Now meet my mother, she is very beautiful and her name is Brenda. These are my

brother and my sister. Their names are Josh and Rebeka.

That is my dog. It's name is Rover. That is our house. It is very big and

comfortable.

GRAMMAR FOCUS

Possessive adjective pronoun Track 15

(Pronome possessivo adjetivo)

My — meu, minha

Your — seu, sua

His — dele

Her — dela

Its — dele, dela (neutro)

Our — nosso, nossa

Your — seus, suas

Their — deles, delas

Os pronomes possessivos adjetivos são usados para indicar posse, eles

sempre antecedem um substantivo. Note que o pronome your tem a mesma

forma para o singular e o plural.

Demonstrative Pronouns

(Pronomes demonstrativos)

Singular

This — este, esta, isto

This hotel is very expensive. (Este hotel é muito caro)

Excuse me, is this your bag? (Com licença, esta é sua mala?)

Hello this is David. (ao telefone - Aqui é o David)

Brian this is Chris. (Brian este é Chris) para apresentar pessoas.

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That — aquele, aquela, aquilo, esse, essa, isso.

Do you like that picture? (Você gosta daquele quadro?)

Who’s that girl? (Quem é aquela garota?)

That was a really nice meal. (Aquela foi uma refeição realmente agradável)

Martin has a new job. Does he? I didn’t know that. (Martin tem um novo emprego.

Ele tem? Eu não sabia disso)

I’m going on vacation next week. Oh that’s nice. (Vou sair de férias semana

que vem. Oh isso é bom)

This e these são usados para indicar seres que estão perto.

Plural

These — estes, estas

Do you like these shoes? (Você gosta destes sapatos?)

These flowers are for you. (Estas flores são para você)

DO you know these people? (Você conhece estas pessoas?)

Those — aqueles, aquelas

Those apples look good. (Aquelas maçãs parecem boas)

I work with those people. (Trabalho com aquelas pessoas)

Which shoes do you like most? These? Or those? (Quais sapatos você gosta mais?

Destes ou daqueles?

That e those para indicar seres distantes.

EXERCISES

a) PUT THE POSSESSIVE PRONOUN IN THE SENTENCES. (coloque o pronome possessivo

nas frases).

1) Do you like your job?

2) I know Mr. Watson but I don’t know ____ wife.

3) Mr. and Mrs. Baker live in London. ____ son lives in Australia.

4) We’re going to have a party. We’re going to invite all ____ friends.

5) Ann is going out with ____ friends this evening.

10
6) I like tennis. It’s ____ favourite sport.

7) Is that ____ car? No. I don’t have a car.

8) I want to phone Ann. Do you know ____ phone number?

9) Do you think most people are happy in ____ jobs?

10) I’m going to wash ____ hair before I go out.

11) This is a beautiful tree. ____ leaves are a beautiful color.

12) John has a brother and a sister. ____ brother is 25 and ____ sister is 21

years old.

b) COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THIS, THAT'S or THAT.

1) I’m sorry. I’m late. _____ all right.

2) I can’t come to the party tomorrow. Oh, _____ a pity. Why not?

3) (Você apresenta Sue à Ann). Hello Ann _____ is Sue.

4) You are lazy. _____ not true.

5) Jill plays the piano very well. Really? I didn’t know _____.

6) (Mark encontra a irmã de Paul). Paul: Mark _____ my sister Ann. Mark: Hello

Ann.

7) I’m sorry I was angry Yesterday. _____ ok. Forget it!

8) You’re a friend of John’s, aren’t you? Yes, _____ right.

VOCABULARY Track 16

Ball - bola Comfortable - confortável

Beautiful - bonita Dog - cachorro

Big - grande Eyes - olhos

Book - livro Family - família

Blonde - loira Father - pai

Blue - azul Food - comida

British - britânico Friend - amigo

Brother - irmão From - de (indica origem, procedência)

Brown - marrom Green – verde

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Hair – cabelo Spain - Espanha

House - casa Sport - esporte

In - dentro de, em They - eles, elas

Mother – mãe Want - querer

Music – música We - nós

No – não Yellow - amarelo

Queen – rainha

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Track 17

How old are you? Quantos anos você tem?

I am 18 years old. Eu tenho 18 anos.

- Em inglês não usa-se o verbo ter ( to have ) para referir-se a idade, usa-

se o verbo to be, no caso acima I am.

CLOSE YOUR BOOK. LISTEN AND REPEAT: Track 18

I’m Mark Jones. My eyes are green and my hair is red. I’m 14 years old. These

are my friends, Julie and Justin. They are from New Jersey. They are brother and

sister. Their family name is Smith. Justin is 14 years old. His eyes and hair

are brown. His sister Julie is 13 years old. Her eyes are green and her hair is

blonde.

Who is that boy? Track 19

Sally - Hello, Lisa.

Lisa - Hello Sally.

Sally - Who is the boy in the picture?

Lisa - Guess!?

Sally - Your boyfriend?

Lisa - Yes, he is Tom, my boyfriend.

Sally - Oh, he is very nice! Is he short?

Lisa - No, he is tall and strong.

Sally - Is he poor?

Lisa - No he isn’t. He is very rich.

Sally - Oh, you’re very lucky!

12
GRAMMAR FOCUS

ADJECTIVES: ( ADJETIVOS )

O adjetivo modifica o substantivo, qualificando-o ou mostrando o estado

( condição ) do substantivo. O adjetivo em inglês é invariável e vem antes do

substantivo, mas vem depois de um verbo.

Ex: good boy / dirty car / tall man / short woman / he is an ugly boy / the boys

are strong.

Definite articles - THE ( artigo definido THE ) O artigo definido THE, equivale

o, os, a, as em português. Ele serve tanto para o masculino como para o

feminino, para o singular e para o plural em inglês.

Ex: the picture / the pictures / the boy / the boys / the car / the cars / the

girl / the girls / the nurse / the nurses.

THE - nomes de lugares

The United States of America.

The United Kingdom.

The Canary Islands.

The Philippines.

The Andes.

Oceanos, rios, etc.

The Atlantic.

The Nile. ( rio Nilo )

The Amazon.

The Mediterranean.

Lugares em cidades ( ruas, edifícios etc. )

The Hilton. ( hotel )

The National theatre.

The Odeon. ( cinema )

The Star of India. ( restaurant )

The Tate gallery.

13
LISTEN AND COMPLETE THE CONVERSATION: Track 20

Mathew - Good morning, Carol.

Carol - _______________ Mathew.

Mathew - _______________ well today?

Carol - No, I’m not well. I’m _________.

Mathew - What’s ________________?

Carol - A ___________ headache!

Mathew - Go to ________________.

Carol - No, ___________ necessary.

Mathew - Then take _________ medicine.

Carol - Please, give me two envelopes of aspirin.

Mathew - Here they _______.

Carol - ___________ Mathew.

WHAT IS YOUR OCCUPATION? Track 21

What is your occupation, Carol?

I’m a teacher. And you Jane?

I’m a doctor.

What are their occupations?

They are musicians.

GRAMMAR FOCUS

Plural: 1º regra

Em inglês, o plural dos substantivos se faz acrescentando-se S ao singular.

Ex: farmer - farmers / student - students

Nós não usamos os artigos indefinidos no plural.

14
EXERCISES

1) CHANGE THE SENTENCES TO THE PLURAL. ( mude as frases para o plural )

Exemplo:

I am a doctor.

We are doctors.

a) She is a teacher.

________________________.

b) He is a farmer.

________________________.

c) It is a brown dog.

________________________.

d) You are a beautiful girl.

________________________.

2) CHANGE TO THE PLURAL FORM

Good boy. _________________.

Good girl. _________________.

Famous singer. _________________.

Lazy student. _________________.

Nice teacher. _________________.

WHAT IS YOUR ADDRESS? Track 22

Woman - Ok Mr. Miller, let’s fill in the form.

Woman - What’s your address?

Mr. Miller - My address is twenty-two Main street.

Woman - What’s your phone number?

Mr. Miller - My phone number is one, seven, four, five, nine, three.

Woman - How old are you?

Mr. Miller - I am forty years old.

Woman - Are you married?

Mr. Miller - No, I'm single.

Woman - That’s all. Thank you.

15
Dica: em inglês escreve-se endereços obedecendo a seguinte ordem: número,

nome da rua e nº do apto. A pronúncia do zero em telefones é OU.

NUMBERS 1 TO 100 Track 23

1 - ONE 14 - FOURTEEN 46 - FORTY-SIX

2 - TWO 15 - FIFTEEN 50 - FIFTY

3 - THREE 16 - SIXTEEN 59 - FIFTY-NINE

4 - FOUR 17 - SEVENTEEN 60 - SIXTY

5 - FIVE 18 - EIGHTEEN 64 - SIXTY-FOUR

6 - SIX 19 - NINETEEN 70 - SEVENTY

7 - SEVEN 20 - TWENTY 78 - SEVENTY-EIGHT

8 - EIGHT 21 - TWENTY-ONE 80 - EIGHTY

9 - NINE 22 - TWENTY-TWO 86 - EIGHTY-SIX

10 - TEN 23 - TWENTY-THREE 90 - NINETY

11 - ELEVEN 30 - THIRTY 99 - NINETY-NINE

12 - TWELVE 35 - THIRTY-FIVE 100 - A HUNDRED /

13 - THIRTEEN 40 - FORTY ONE HUNDRED

EXERCISES:

1) WRITE THE NUMBERS

102 one hundred and two. 35 thirty-five.

48 _________________. 27 ___________________.

71 _________________. 105 ___________________.

11 _________________. 14 ___________________.

42 _________________. 84 ___________________.

59 _________________. 96 ___________________.

88 _________________. 19 ___________________.

23 _________________. 12 ___________________.

63 _________________. 44 ___________________.

16
FOLLOW THE EXAMPLE. ( Siga o exemp1o )

a) 143 Walnut Street - one hundred and forty-three Walnut Street.

b) 76 Jack Street - _________________________________________.

c) 33 Queen Street - _________________________________________.

d) 197 Talbot Street - _________________________________________.

e) 53 Cedar Street - _________________________________________.

f) 168 King Street - _________________________________________.

VOCABULARY Track 24

Boy - menino Medicine - medicamento

Boyfriend - namorado Musician - músico

Clean - limpo Necessary - necessário

Dentist - dentista Occupation - ocupação

Dirty - sujo Phone - telefone

Doctor - médico Picture - fotografia

Envelope - envelope Please - por favor

Famous - famoso Poor - pobre

Farmer - fazendeiro Rich - rico

Fat - gordo Short - baixo, curto

Fill in - preencher Sick - doente

Form - formulário Single - solteiro

Girl - garota Strong - forte

Give - dar Take - levar, tomar

Guess - supor, adivinhar Tall - alto

Headache - dor de cabeça Terrible - terrível

Here - aqui Then - entäo

Lazy - preguiçoso Thin - magro

Lucky - sorte, sortudo Ugly - feio (a)

Married - casado (a) Well - bem

17
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Track 25

Give me, please. - Dê-me por favor.

What’s the matter? - Qual é o problema?

Who’s that? - Quem é aquele?

What's your occupation? - Qual é a sua profissão?

Thank you. - Obrigado.

That’s all. - Isso é tudo.

The Silvas’ house Track 26

The Silvas have a beautiful house in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Their house

is near the beach and there are many rooms in the house. There is a big kitchen

and a very comfortable living room. There are five bedrooms. In each bedroom

there is a bathroom. There isn’t a front yard but there is a backyard and there

is a big garage where there are four cars.

GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 27

Verb there to be — present tense ( haver no sentido de existir )

Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa

Singular there is there isn’t Is there?

Plural there are there aren’t Are there?

Note que no singular ( com um ser apenas ) usa-se a expressão there is e no

plural ( com mais de um ser ), usa-se a expressão there are.

Para responder as perguntas feitas com there is ou there are usa-se a forma de

resposta curta.

Ex:

Is there a house near the beach? Yes, there is. or No, there isn't.

Are there students in the class? Yes, there are. or No, there aren’t.

18
EXERCISES

1) PUT THE PHRASES IN THE NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE FORM.

a) There is a table in the dining room.

N: ______________________________________.

I: ______________________________________?

b) There are chairs in the living room.

N: ______________________________________.

I: ______________________________________?

c) There is a mirror in the bathroom.

N: ______________________________________.

I: ______________________________________?

d) There are radios in the bedroom.

N: ______________________________________.

I: ______________________________________?

2) ANSWER WITH SHORT ANSWERS ( responda com respostas curtas ).

a) Is there a picture on the wall? Yes, _____________.

b) Are there sofas here? No, _____________.

c) Is there a shower in the bathroom? No, _____________.

d) Are there trees in the garden? Yes, ______________.

THE PARTY Track 28

Amy - Hello.

Peter - Hi Amy, it’s Peter. I need your help. Where is your house?

Amy - It’s near the post office.

Peter - Is that post office next to the mall?

Amy - Yes, my house is across from the mall.

Peter - What color is house?

Amy - My house is brown and beige.

Peter - Oh, now I know where your house is. Thanks, see you.

Amy - You are welcome. See you tonight at the party.

19
GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 29

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE ( preposições de lugar )

in - em, dentro

on - sobre, em cima de, na, no

under - sob, debaixo de

behind - atrás

near - perto de, próximo

next to - ao lado de

beside - ao lado de, junto de

across from - do outro lado de

in front Of - em frente de

above - acima de

on the left (of) - à esquerda

on the right (of) - à direita

between - entre

on the corner of - na esquina de

inside - dentro

outside - lado de fora

LISTEN AND COMPLETE ( ouça e complete ) Track 30

Terry - Where are ____________________?

Lukas - ______________ in my room.

Terry - Are those ___________ to the computer?

Lukas - No, those are my ________________.

Terry - Are they _____________ the door?

Lukas - Yes, Terry. They are ______________ the old magazines.

Terry - Here ___________.

20
WHAT ARE YOUR FAVORITE COLORS? Track 31

My favorite colors are yellow, blue and brown.

Black - preto

Green - verde

White - branco

Blue - azul

Red - vermelho

Yellow - amarelo

Gray - cinza

Orange - laranja

Brown - marrom

Purple - roxo

Pink - rosa

Beige - bege

GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 32

Estas são as maneiras de se perguntar pelas cores:

What are your favorite colors?

What is your favorite color?

What is the color of your hair?

What color is the book?

What colors are the books?

21
EXERCISES

ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS

Ex: What is the color of your hair?

My hair is brown.

a) What are the colors of the American flag? _________________.

b) What is the color of the sun? _____________________.

c) What color is an apple? ________________.

d) What color are grapes? ________________.

VOCABULARY Track 33

Airport - aeroporto Garage - garagem

Backyard - quintal Garden - jardim

Bank - banco Gas station - posto de gasolina

Bathroom = banheiro Grape - uva

Beach - praia Have - verbo ter

Bedroom - quarto Hotel - hotel

Bookstore - livraria Kitchen - cozinha

Chair - cadeira Know - conhecer

Church - igreja Library - biblioteca

City - cidade Living room - sala de estar

Comfortable - confortável Magazine - revista

Dining room - sala de jantar Mall - shopping center

Drugstore - farmácia Many - muitos, contáveis

Favorite - favorito Mirror - espelho

Fire - fogo Need - precisar

Flag - bandeira Old - velho

Flowershop - floricultura Park - parque

Front yard - quintal da frente Party — festa

22
Post office - correio Sofa - sofá

Radio - rádio Theater - teatro

Restaurant - restaurante Today - hoje

Room - sala Tomorrow - amanhã

School - escola Tree - árvore

Shower - chuveiro Wall - parede

Sun - sol

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Track 34

You are welcome. - De nada.

See you tonight. - Vejo você à noite.

I need your help. - Preciso da sua ajuda.

What time is it? Track 35

It’s three o’clock - São três horas

It’s three ten or it’s ten past three - São três e dez.

It’s three fifteen or it’s a quarter past three - São três e quinze.

It’s three thirty or it’s half past three - São três e meia.

It’s three forty or it’s twenty to four - São três e quarenta ou vinte para as

quatro.

It’s ten forty-five or it’s a quarter to eleven - São dez e quarenta e cinco.

It’S noon or midday or it’s twelve o’clock - É meio dia

GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 36

Prepositions of time - At, In, On, From ( preposições de tempo )

AT - at 7 o’clock. At night. (hora)

On - on Saturday (dia da semana)

On - on the 27 of December 1985. (data completa)

In - in 1985 (ano)

In - in December, in the morning, in the evening.

From - from 8:00 am to 10:00 am. (duração)

23
Note: Para ano, mês e periodo do dia usa-se IN.

Para dias da semana e datas (dia/mês/ano) usa-se ON.

Para horas específicas usa-se AT.

Para expressar quanto tempo dura sessão, reunião, etc. usa-se FROM, TO.

DAYS OF THE WEEK ( dias da semana ) Track 37

Sunday - Domingo

Monday - Segunda-feira

Tuesday - Terça-feira

Wednesday - Quarta-feira

Thursday - Quinta-feira

Friday - Sexta-feira

Saturday - Sábado

Em inglês escreve-se a primeira letra dos dias da semana com letra maiúscula.

EXERCISES Track 38

1) LISTEN AND COMPLETE THE CHART ( ouça e complete o quadro )

Monday Tuesday Wednesday

CBB - The
best channel

Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

9 p.m. CBB MUSIC

SHOW

24
Now answer these questions: ( agora responda a estas perguntas )

a) When is the CBB sports? It's on Sunday at 8:30 a.m.

b) When is the CBB cartoons? __________________________.

c) When is the CBB movie? __________________________.

d) When is the CBB game show? __________________________.

e) When is the Animal kingdom? __________________________.

f) When is the Teen’s soap opera? __________________________.

g) When is the CBB science show? __________________________.

h) When is the The biggest comedy? __________________________.

i) When is the CBB music show? __________________________.

2) COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT PREPOSITION

( Complete as frases com a preposição correta )

a) The movie is at 8:00 o'clock.

b) The ballet is ___ Saturday.

c) The presentation is ___ the morning.

d) The party is ___ 9:00 p.m. ___ 1 a.m.

e) Lunch is ___ one o'clock.

f) My birthday is ___ March 17.

g) The class is ___ five thirty ___ seven ___ the evening.

3) WHAT TIME IS IT? ( Que horas são? )

a) What time do you get up every day?

_____________________________________.

b) What time do you have breakfast?

_____________________________________.

c) What time do you go to work?

_____________________________________.

d) What time do you have lunch?

_____________________________________.

e) What time do you have a break?

_____________________________________.

25
f) What time do you go to the university?

_____________________________________.

g) What time do you go home?

_____________________________________.

h) What time do you go to bed?

_____________________________________.

WHOSE CDs ARE THESE? Track 39

Karla — Hey Brian. Whose CDs are these?

Brian — They aren’t mine.

Karla — They aren’t yours?!

Brian — I think they are Phill's CDs.

Karla — These CDs aren’t his. He doesn’t like Jazz!

Brian — You are right, they are Paul’s CDs.

Karla — And whose tennis shoes are those?

Brian — Those are Keila’s tennis shoes.

Karla — Are you sure those tennis shoes are hers?

Brian — Yes, I am.

GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 40

POSSESSIVE CASE ( CASO POSSESSIVO ) GENITIVE CASE ( CASO GENITIVO )

1) No caso possessivo, o nome do proprietário recebe um apóstrofo e um s

( ‘s ) ou apenas um apóstrofo se terminar com s. Ex: Karen’s house - casa de

Karen, Charles’ son - filho de Charles.

2) Nós podemos usar para pessoas ou animais. Ex: the cat's milk is in the

kitchen.

3) Quando algo pertence a duas pessoas, geralmente o segundo nome

recebe o ‘s. Ex: Victor and Barbara’s car.

4) Ouando coisas diferentes pertencem a pessoas diferentes, ambos

recebem ‘s. Ex: Renee’s and Cristal’s erasers.

5) Com “coisas” geralmente usa-se a preposição of. Ex: the glass of the

window.

26
6) Cuidado para não confundir o 's do caso possessivo com a contração do

verbo to be ( is, ‘s ). Caso possessivo: This is Mary’s car.

To be contraído: Mary’s a beautiful girl.

Possessive pronouns

Atenção: Não confundir possessivo adjetivo com pronomes possessivos.

Possessive adjective Track 40

Apresentados no início ou meio de frases.

My — meu / minha

Your — seu / sua

His — dele

Her - dela

Its — seu / sua ( neutro )

Our — nosso

Your — seus / suas

Their — deles / delas

Possessive pronouns

Apresentados no final de frases.

mine ( meu, minha )

yours ( seu, sua )

his ( dele )

hers ( dela )

its ( dele, dela para objetos e animais )

ours ( nosso, nossa )

yours ( seus, suas )

theirs ( deles, delas )

1. Os pronomes significam a mesma coisa em português.

2. Os adjetivos precedem os substantivos: My house is yellow.

3. Os pronomes possessivos substituem os substantivos: Your bike is blue

but mine is white. ( mine está no lugar de "my bike" minha bicicleta )

27
EXEMPLOS:

Usamos mine, yours etc. sem substantivos

Is this book mine or yours? ( meu ou seu? )

I didn’t have an umbrella , so Ann gave me hers. ( o guarda-chuva dela )

It's their problem, aren't ours.( não nosso )

We went in our car and they went in theirs. ( no carro deles )

Pode usar his com ou sem substantivo:

Is this his or hers? It’s his.

A friend of mine / of his / of yours etc.

I went out to meet a friend of mine.

Tom was with a friend of his.

Are those people friends of yours?

WHOSE?

Whose book is this? ( De quem é este livro ? )

Pode usar whose com ou sem substantivo.

Whose money is this? It’s hers.

Whose is this? — It's mine.

Whose shoes are these? — They're John’s.

Whose are these? They aren’t mine.

EXERCISES

1) FINISH THE SENTENCES WITH MINE / YOURS, ETC.

a) It’s your money. It's yours.

b) It's my bag. It's _________.

c) It's our car. lt’s ________.

d) They’re her shoes. They're _______.

e) It’s their house. It's _______.

f) They’re your books. They're _______.

g) They’re my glasses. They're _______.

28
h) It's his coat. It’s _______.

2) FINISH THESE SENTENCES WITH FRIEND OF MINE / YOURS ETC.

a) I went to the movies with a friend of mine.

b) They went to the beach with some ____________.

c) She is going out with a ____________.

d) We had dinner with some ____________.

e) I played tennis with a ____________.

f) Tom is going to meet a ____________.

g) Do you know those people? Are they ________________?

3) FILL IN THE BLANK SPACES WITH THE POSSESSIVE FORM ( With ‘s or ').

Ex: He is Angela’s son.

a) I am _______________ sister. (Sonia)

b) Look at the ________ basket. (cat)

c) Those are the ______ toys. (babies)

d) This is my _______ bag. (teacher)

e) She is ________ boss. (James)

f) They are at ______ house. (Carl)

VOCABULARY Track 41

After - depois Movie - filme

Animal - animal Music - música

Bag - bolsa, sacola New - novo

Ballet - balé Newspaper - jornal

Basket - cesta Pants - calça

Birthday - aniversário Past - passado

Boss - chefe Plate - prato

Class - aula, classe Presentation - apresentação

Cartoon - desenho animado Quarter - quarta parte, 15 min

Clothes - roupas Science - ciência

Comedy - comédia Soap opera - novela

Doesn’t - não (He, She, It) Shirt - camisa

29
Doll - boneca Teen - jovem, adolescente

Door - porta Tennis shoes - tênis

Game - jogo The biggest - o maior

Grammar - gramática Think - pensar

Half - metade, meio Toy - brinquedo

Kingdom - reino VCR - vídeo cassete

Like - gostar, como (comparativo) Wallet - carteira ($)

Lunch - almoço When - quando

March - março Whose - de quem

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Track 42

What time is it? - Que horas são?

You are right - Você está certo

I think - Eu acho

Are you sure? - Você tem certeza?

Look at - Olhe para

What do you have for lunch? Track 45

Mrs. Brown - What do you have for lunch?

Waiter - Oh, we have many kinds Of food... Do you like seafood madam?

Mrs. Brown - Oh no, I don’t. I hate seafood...

Waiter - Well, do you like soup?

Mrs. Brown - No, I don’t like soup.

Waiter - So, we have chicken, beef, vegetables, mashed potatoes, and salad.

Mrs. Brown - Bring chicken, mashed potatoes and green salad, please.

Waiter - Do you want something to drink, madam?

Mrs. Brown - No, I don’t, thanks.

30
GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 46

Simple Present (Presente Simples)

Afirmativa Verbo Negativa Interrogative

I want I don’t want Do I want?

You want You don’t want Do you want?

He wants He doesn’t want Does he want?

She wants She doesn’t want Does she want?

It wants It doesn’t want Does it want?

We want We don’t want Do we want?

You want You don’t want Do you want?

They want They don’t want Do they want?

O Simple Present é similar ao presente do indicativo em Português.

Ex: I want — eu quero.

Note que somente usamos os auxiliares Do/Does na forma negativa e na forma

interrogativa de verbos comuns como want, like, play, etc. Nas 3a pessoas do

singular ( he, she, it ) há uma mudança na escrita dos verbos, no caso do verbo

want na 3ª pessoa escreve-se: he wants, she wants, it wants. Observe que na

negativa e interrogativa, o verbo volta a ser escrito sem o "s" na 3ª pessoa do

singular, porém usamos o auxiliar does. Lembre-se, o auxiliar does é usado

somente nas terceiras pessoas do singular ( he, she, it ).

Há também outras regras de escrita para as 3ª pessoas do singular do

presente simples, por exemplo verbos que terminam por ch, o, s, sh, x, z,

adicionamos o ES ao final do verbo. Ex: catch - tomar, pegar - He catches,

She catches, It catches.

Go — ir: he goes, she goes / miss - perder — he misses, she misses

Wash — lavar - she washes, he washes

Fix — consertar — he fixes / Fizz- espumar - it fizzes.

31
E há ainda verbos que terminam em y precedido de consoante, aos quais

adicionamos ies ao final.

Ex: I study - he ou she studies / try - tries

Obs: Verbos como o play que terminam em y, mas que são precedidos de vogal, nós

acrescentamos o s na 3ª pessoa.

Atenção: o Do e Does como auxiliares não são traduzidos. Como verbo ( to do ) a

sua tradução é fazer. Ex: I do exercises. ( eu faço exercícios )

EXERCISES

1) WRITE DO or DOES AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.

Ex: Do you Speak English? ( yes ) Yes, I do.

a) ______ they study English? (yes) ____________.

b) ______ you drink coffee? (no) ____________.

c) ______ Bob live here? (yes) ____________.

d) ______ they work in a factory? (no) ____________.

f) ______ she like you? (yes) ____________.

2) CHANGE TO THE INTERROGATIVE FORM.

Ex: They play basketball. Do they play basketball?

a) She speaks English. _________________________________?

b) They work hard. _________________________________?

c) He lives in Rio. _________________________________?

d) You understand English. _________________________________?

e) Mary needs help. _________________________________?

f) George wants hamburger. _________________________________?

g) Liz studies French. _________________________________?

h) Karen and John play soccer. _________________________________?

32
3) FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERBS.

Remember to use the aux. do/does when it’s necessary.

Kelly likes (like) chocolate ice cream. She ______(dance) very well. Her

brother Ted ______(play) soccer.

Kelly _______(speak) English and French. Ted ___________(not like) languages.

Ted and Kelly ______(watch) TV every night. Kelly ________ (wash) the dishes

after meals, and Ted ________(dry) it.

Kelly and Ted ________ (go) to school every morning, and they ______ (do)

the homework after lunch.

Kelly ______ (study) every afternoon. Ted _______ (not study). He is a lazy boy.

My routine Track 47

My name is Sharon. I’m a tv announcer. I usually wake up around 10 o’clock,

but I get up around 10:15 a.m. I never have breakfast. I take a shower, then I

sometimes read the newspaper. I often have lunch at midday, and I always start

work at 3 o’clock, I have dinner at work. and it’s usually around 6:30 p.m. I

rarely get home before midnight. I usually go to bed around 1:00 a.m.

GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 48

ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY ( ADVÉRBIOS DE FREQUÊNCIA )

Indica a frequência com que fazemos as coisas.

Always ( sempre ) 100% I always study English.

Usually ( geralmente ) 80% I usually take a shower before going to bed.

Often ( frequentemente ) 75% I often have lunch at noon.

Sometimes ( algumas vezes ) 50% I sometimes read the newspaper. or

Sometimes I read the newspaper.

Rarely ( raramente ) 10% I rarely get home before midnight.

Never ( nunca ) I never have breakfast.

33
EXERCISES

1) REWRITE THE SENTENCES ADDING THE ADVERB OF FREQUENCY.

Ex: I get up early. (usually) I usually get up early.

a) She goes to bed late. (rarely) _____________________________________.

b) He is tired. (never) _____________________________________.

c) Bob goes to the gym. (sometimes) _____________________________________.

d) I read the newspaper. (often) _____________________________________.

e) You study English. (always) _____________________________________.

f) They go to work at 8:00 am. (usually) _____________________________________.

g) Patty listens to music. (rarely) _____________________________________.

2) COMPLETE THE TEXT BELOW WITH ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY.

Sally and David are brother and sister. They are good students and love to

study. They always get up at 6 o’clock. They ___________ ( geralmente ) have

breakfast before they go to school. They __________ ( frequentemente ) go to

school by bus, but ___________ ( algumas vezes ) they go on foot. They go to

school every day, from Monday to Friday and they ________ ( raramente ) miss

a class.

Listen and repeat Track 49

I’m a doctor at Mercy House Hospital. I always start work at 10:00 p.m., and I

leave at 6:00 a.m. Then I go home and have breakfast. I usually read the

newspaper and watch television a little and then I go to bed. I get up at about

four in the afternoon. I sometimes go shopping before I have dinner. After that,

I go to the hospital. That’s my routine.

34
VOCABULARY Track 50

Around - por volta de Late - tarde, atrasado

Bed - cama Languages - línguas

Beef - carne de vaca Leave - deixar, sair, partir

Before - antes de Like - gostar

Breakfast - café da manhã Live - viver, morar

Bus - ônibus Madam - senhora

But - mas Meal - refeição

By - através de, por, de Miss - perder, errar

Candy - bala, doce Mashed potato - purê de batata

Chicken – frango Of - de

Coffee - café On foot - à pé

Dance - dançar Orange juice - suco de laranja

Dinner - jantar Piano - piano

Drink - beber Play - jogar, tocar, brincar

Dry - secar Read - ler

Dish - secar (the dishes - as louças) Routine - rotina

Early - cedo Salad - salada

Eggs - ovos School - escola

Every - todo Seafood - comida do mar

Everyday - todo dia Soccer - futebol

Factory - fábrica Soup - sopa

French - francês Speak - falar

Get up - levantar-se Study - estudar

Go - ir Start - começar, iniciar

Hard - pesado, difícil, intensamente Take - pegar, tomar

Hate - odiar, detestar Then - então

Have - ter Tired - cansado

Home - lar, casa TV announcer - apresentador

Homework - dever de casa Understand - entender

Icecream - sorvete Very well - muito bem

Kind - tipo Vegetables - vegetais

35
Wash - lavar Wake up - acordar

Watch – assistir Work - trabalhar

What is Mary doing now? Track 51

Mary is washing her hands. / Mary is eating. / Mary is doing the dishes. /

Mary is watching TV.

Present continuous que também é conhecido como Present Progressive é usado para

descrever uma ação que está ocorrendo agora, nesse momento. Geralmente vem

acompanhando de now, at the moment, today. ( agora, neste momento, hoje ).

Formação: to be (am, is, are) + verbo + ing

Long forms

Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa

I am studying. I am not studying. Am I studying?

You are studying. You are not studying. Are you studying?

He is studying. He is not studying. Is he studying?

She is studying. She is not studying. Is she studying?

It is studying. It is not studying. Is it studying?

We are studying. We are not studying. Are we studying?

You are studying. You are not studying. Are you studying?

They are studying. They are not studying. Are they studying?

36
 Short forms

Afirmativa Negativa

I’m studying. I’m not studying.

You’re studying. You aren’t studying.

He’s studying. He isn’t studying.

She’s studying. She isn’t studying.

It’s studying. It isn’t studying.

We’re studying. We aren’t studying.

You’re studying. You aren’t studying.

They’re stuying. They aren’t studying.

Short answers

Yes, I am. / No, he isn’t. / Yes, you are. / No, they aren’t.

SPELLING RULE ( REGRA DE GRAFIA )

Há algumas mudanças que ocorrem em alguns verbos quando acrescentamos ING.

Por exemplo:

1 - Quando o verbo termina em e mudo, retiramos o e para acrescentarmos o ing.

Ex: write — writing / leave — leaving / smoke — smoking

2 - Se o verbo termina em ie, eliminamos o ie e acrescentamos — ying

Ex: die — dying / lie — lying

3 - Nos verbos formados por uma sílaba e que terminam em consoante, vogal,

consoante, repetimos a consoante final e acrescentamos ing. Mas não dobramos

verbos com x, w, v, y no final.

Ex: run — running / get — getting / sit — sitting

4 - Nos verbos formados por duas sílabas e que terminam em consoante, vogal

tônica, consoante, repetimos a consoante final e acrescentamos ing.

Mas não dobramos verbos com v, w, x, y no final.

Ex: begin - beginning / forget - forgetting / prefer - preferring

37
GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 52

PRESENT CONTINUOUS 2

O present continuous também é para expressar uma ação que ocorre em volta do

presente, mas não necessariamente agora, neste momento. Isto é, ele pode

indicar uma ação que está ocorrendo neste mês, ou nesta semana, ou neste ano.

Por ex:

I’m reading a book this week. (Estou lendo um livro esta semana)

I'm studying only English this year. (Estou estudando somente inglês este ano)

He is painting his house this month. (Ele está pintando a casa dele este mês)

O present continuous também é usado para se descrever uma ação planejada que

ocorrerá num futuro próximo.

Normalmente a frase vem acompanhada de expressões de tempo futuro como: tonight,

tomorrow, next Monday.

Ex:

We're watching a movie tonight.

Ellen is coming from Italy next week.

Julie is giving a party next Saturday.

O Present Continuous também é para indicar ações que se repetem constantemente.

I'm always making the same mistake.

I'm often checking my e-mails.

THE BUSY FAMILY Track 53

Nill - What are you doing now, Becky?

Becky – I’m cooking the dinner.

Nill - What are we having for dinner?

Becky - We are having mashed potatoes with gravy, beef and green salad.

Nill - It smells good! Hum... Where is Jane?

Becky - She is taking a shower.

Nill - What about Peter?

Becky - He is probably playing video games in his room, by the way, he didn’t

do his homework yet.

Nill - I’m going upstairs to have a little talk with him...

38
EXERCISES

1) REWRITE THE VERBS BELLOW ADDING ING

( Reescreva os verbos abaixo acrescentando ING )

a) Get ______________. m) Speak ______________.

b) Write ______________. n) Fly ______________.

c) Stop ______________. o) Learn ______________.

d) Swim ______________. p) Make ______________.

e) Take ______________. q) Help ______________.

f) See ______________. r) Walk ______________.

g) Play ______________. s) Look ______________.

h) Live ______________. t) Sit ______________.

i) Eat ______________. u) Put ______________.

j) Go ______________. v) Read ______________.

k) Give ______________. x) Come ______________.

l) Carry ______________. z) Jump ______________.

2) FOLLOW THE MODEL ( siga o modelo )

What are you doing now? ( reading a magazine )

I’m reading a magazine.

a) What are they doing now? ( listening to a song )

___________________________________.

b) What is Jane doing now? ( drinking some juice )

___________________________________.

c) What is Peter doing now? ( doing the homework )

___________________________________.

d) What are you doing now? ( studying English )

___________________________________.

e) What are they doing now? ( watching TV )

___________________________________.

39
3) COMPLETE WITH PRESENT CONTINUOUS

a) What time _____ you ___________ tomorrow morning? ( leave )

b) My brother is a student. He ________________ physics. ( study )

c) Where’s George? He __________________ a bath. ( have )

d) Please be quiet. I __________________. ( work )

e) When _____ you ____________ to the bank? ( go )

HOW ARE YOU FEELING? Track 54

Carol - Hey David! How are you feeling today?

David - I’m feeling down.

Carol - Why?

David - I’m giving a party on Friday night.

Carol - Wow! That’s cool! Who is coming to your party?

David - That’s the big problem.

Carol - What’s happening?

David - Tina isn’t coming because she’s visiting her mother on Friday. Mark is

traveling to Europe. Cris is studying for tests. I’m depressed. They’re

my best friends.

Carol - Oh David, I’m so ...

David - You’re coming to my party, aren’t you Carol?

Carol - Well, I’m sorry but Teddy and I are going out for dinner on Friday

night!

David - Carol, I’m getting nervous! Nobody is coming to my party.

Carol - David, it’s just a party. Why don’t you have dinner with Teddy and I?

Isn’t it a good idea?

David - Yes, it’s a good idea, but don’t you think I’m going to mess up your

date with Teddy?

Carol - Oh! Come on David, I’m not dating Teddy. We are just friends.

David - Oh! Really?! I’m feeling happy now. Ah... I mean I’m happy because I

can go with you.

40
VOCABULARY Track 55

Angry – bravo Learn – verbo aprender

Ashamed – envergonhado Lie – mentir/deitar

Big – grande Listen – escutar/ouvir

Beef – carne bovina Little – pequeno/um pouco

Begin – começar Look – verbo olhar/aparência

Best – melhor Make - fazer

But – mas Mean – verbo significar

Busy – ocupado Mess up – verbo estragar/atrapalhar

Carry – carregar Mistake – erro/engano

Check – verbo checar/verificar Nervous - nervoso

Come – verbo vir Nobody - ninguém

Cook – verbo cozinhar Now - agora

Date – encontro/data Paint – verbo pintar

Depressed – deprimido Party - festa

Die – verbo morrer Run – verbo correr

Dishes – louças Room – cômodo/quarto

Eat – verbo comer Scared - assustado

Feel – verbo sentir See – verbo ver

Fly – verbo voar Sit – verbo sentar

Forget – verbo esquecer Shower – chuveiro (to take or

have a shower = tomar banho)
Friend – amigo
Smell – verbo cheirar
Get – conseguir/obter/ganhar/chegar/
receber/ficar+adjetivo Smoke – verbo fumar

Give – verbo dar Song – música/canção

Gravy – molho Swim – verbo nadar

Green salad – salada verde Stop – verbo parar

Hands – mãos Talk – verbo falar/conversar

Happen – verbo acontecer Test – prova

Happy – feliz Visit – verbo visitar

Help – ajudar Walk – verbo andar

Juice – suco Write – verbo escrever

Just – só, apenas

41
 USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Track 56

It smells good! – Cheira bem!

By the way. – A propósito.

I’m feeling down. – Eu estou numa pior. (pra baixo)

I’m getting nervous. – Estou ficando nervoso.

Come on! – Ora, vamos lá!

I mean... – Eu quero dizer...

I don’t want to mess up. – Eu não quero estragar/atrapalhar.

DOING THE DISHES Track 57

Nicky - Come here, Steve!

Steve - Yes, honey.

Nicky - Give me a hand with the dishes!

Steve - Ok, but don’t ask me to dry them.

Nicky - Alright Steve, just wash the dishes and I will dry them.

Watch out, Steve! Oh honey, you broke my salad bowl.

Steve - Oh my gosh! Was it expensive?

Nicky - No, it wasn’t, but it was my mother’s gift and I liked it.

Steve - Oh, I’m sorry Nicky! Don’t cry please!

Nicky – That’s ok! Buy a new one and I’ll forgive you.

GRAMMAR FOCUS

Imperatives

Usamos o imperativo para dar ordens, instruções, conselhos e advertências.

Afirmativa: usamos somente o verbo, por ex: Wash the dishes! ( lave a louça )

Negativa: usamos don’t ou do not + verbo, por ex: Don’t ask me. ( não me peça )

Outros exemplos:

Afirmative Negative

Slow down Don’t go fast

Watch out! Don’t break the bowl

Look at the sign! Don’t smoke!

42
LISTEN AND COMPLETE Track 58

Mark, Sandy and the kids are going to the movie theater. Listen to their

conversation and complete the blanks using the words from the box.

you – forget – chilly – call – close – please –

money – put – take – asking – closing - driving

Sandy – Mark, ___________ get the keys and __________ the windows! Nancy _____

your sweater on and _________ Junior. Mark, where are you?

Mark – I’m _____________ the windows!

Sandy – So don’t _________ the tickets, please!

And don’t forget the ________ for popcorn... _________ a sweater for

you. It’s ________ outside.... uh ... Did _______ comb your hair?

Mark – Oh Sandy! You are _____________ me crazy! You are __________ me so many

things that I forgot to comb my hair !!!

THE COURSES Track 59

Renee - Hi Taylor!

Taylor - Hello Renee!

Renee - What are you doing here?

Taylor - I am looking for some information about the courses they have here.

Renee - What course are you going to choose?

Taylor - Well, I am not sure. Maybe Law or Business Management...

Renee - I think you are going to be a good lawyer because you argue very well.

Taylor - I just like to defend my point of view, but I’m also good at calculus.

Oh my gosh! I’m confused. And you, what are you going to study?

Renee - I’m studying to be a doctor! I’m going to graduate school next year.

Taylor - Wow! I’m sure you’re going to be a good doctor, you’re very studious!

Renee - Thanks! So I have to go. I’m going to the library. See you later.

Taylor - Bye, bye. See you.

43
GRAMMAR FOCUS

FUTURE WITH GOING TO

O future com going to é usado quando estamos planejando fazer alguma

coisa. A formação do futuro com “going to” é feita da seguinte maneira:

to be ( am, is, are ) + going to + the infinitive of the verb ( infinitivo ).

Ex: I am going to study Law.

O future com going to também é usado para expressar algo que sabemos que vai

acontecer por causa do que vemos ou ouvimos.

Ex: Look to those clouds! It's going to rain.

I’m going to do something = eu decidi fazê-lo, minha intenção é fazer algo.

Ex:

I’m going to buy some books tomorrow.

Sarah is going to sell her car.

I’m not going to have breakfast in the morning. I’m not hungry.

What are you going to wear to the party tonight?

Your hands are dirty. Yes I know, I’m going to wash them.

Are you going to invite John to your party?

Algo vai acontecer = something is going to happen.

Look at the sky! It’s going to rain!

Oh dear! It's 9 o’clock and I’m not ready. I’m going to be late.

EXERCISES

1) COMPLETE THE SENTENCES. USE GOING TO + ONE OF THESE VERBS:

eat — do — give — lie down — stay — walk — wash — watch — wear

a) My hands are dirty. I am going to wash them.

b) What ____________________________ to the party tonight?

c) I don’t want to go home by bus. I _________________________.

d) John’s going to London next week. He _____________________ with some friends.

e) I’m hungry. I ________________________ this sandwich.

f) It’s Sharon’s birthday next week. We ________________________ her a present.

44
g) Sue says she’s feeling very tired. She ________________________ for an hour.

h) There’s a good film on TV this evening. _____ you ______________________ it?

i) What _____ Rachel _______________________ when she leaves school?

2) WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO TODAY OR TOMORROW?

a) I’m _____________________________________________.

b) I’m _____________________________________________.

c) I’m _____________________________________________.

3) PUT THE SENTENCES IN THE NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE FORMS:

a) Sally is going to buy a new car.

N: __________________________________________.

I: __________________________________________?

b) They are going to visit you.

N: __________________________________________.

I: __________________________________________?

c) I am going to be your friend.

N: __________________________________________.

I: __________________________________________?

4) ARE YOU GOING TO DO THESE THINGS TOMORROW? ( você vai fazer essas coisas

amanhã? )

a)(visit a museum) I’m not going to visit a theater. I’m visiting a museum.

b)(swim in the club) _________________________. ___________________________.

c)(cook a meal) ______________________________. ___________________________.

d)(take a shower) ____________________________. ___________________________.

e)(eat lunch) ________________________________. ___________________________.

f)(go to London) _____________________________. ___________________________.

45
Learn some occupations Track 60

Singer – cantor Businessman – empresário

Dentist – dentista Writer - escritor

Dancer – dançarino Policeman - policial

Teacher – professor Engineer – engenheiro

Fireman – bombeiro Secretary - secretária

Mason – pedreiro (bricklayer) Scientist – cientista

Doctor – médico Salesman – vendedor

Lawyer – advogado Journalist – jornalista

Actor – ator Actress – atriz

Mailman – carteiro Waiter - garçom

Waitress - garçonete Nurse – enfermeira

Computer operator – operador de Farmer – fazendeiro

computador

Obs: Antes de profissões usa-se o verbo to be.

Ex:

My father is a waiter.

Her mother is a nurse.

My brother is an engineer.

His uncle is a journalist.

TIP Track 61

What do you do?

I’m a writer.

What’s your occupation?

I’m a lawyer.

46
VOCABULARY Track 62

Alright – tudo bem Honey – querido (a), mel

Business management – administração Library - biblioteca

de empresas
Meal - refeição
Buy – verbo comprar
Museum - museu
Chilly – frio
Noisy - barulhento
Comb – verbo pentear
Popcorn - pipoca
Dangerous – perigoso
Salad bowl - saladeira
Defending – defendendo
Studious – estudioso (a)
Dry – verbo secar
Sweater - suéter
Forgive – verbo perdoar
Tickets – bilhetes, passagens,
Graduate – verbo graduar ingressos

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Track 63

Give me a hand. – Me dê uma mão, me ajude!

Oh my gosh! – Oh minha nossa!

I liked it. – Eu gostava disso.

You are driving me crazy! – Você está me deixando louco!

WHAT’S THE WEATHER LIKE? Track 64

Sarah - Get up, Dan! Are you going to go out today?

Dan - I don’t know. What’s the weather like today?

Sarah - It’s sunny and hot.

Dan - Great! I am going to the club so I can enjoy this summer day. Are You

coming with me?

Sarah - I’m not sure! I don’t like summer because it’s too hot. I prefer winter.

Dan - But in the summer we can get a suntan and we can have fun at the

swimming pool. I don’t like the winter. It’s too cold and windy then we

can’t go out very often.

Sarah - Hum... I also like spring. My flowers get so beautiful and the days are

cool.

47
Dan - And the fall is a good season for going to the farm and eating fresh

fruit.

Sarah - You are right. Do you like the fall, Dan?

Dan - Yes, I do. But I still prefer the summer. Let’s go out?

Sarah - OK!

Seasons of the year Track 65

Spring - primavera

Summer - verão

Winter - inverno

Fall ( autumn ) - outono

Tip ( dica ) Track 66

Para perguntar como está o clima usa-se a expessão: What's the weather like?

( Como está o tempo? ). Há várias maneiras de responder, abaixo estão algumas:

It’s hot and sunny. ( está quente e ensolarado )

It’s cold and windy. ( está frio e ventando )

It’s cloudy. ( está nublado )

It’s rainy. ( está chuvoso )

It’s foggy. ( com neblina )

It’s snowy. ( está nevando )

THE BIRTHDAY TRIP Track 67

Mary - Hello, James. What are you planning for your summer vacation?

James - Well, as you know, December 13th is my birthday, so I’m going to travel

only after it. I’m planning to go to Porto Seguro. And you?

Mary - Well, this year I’m going to stay here in the city my whole vacation. My

father is going to travel abroad from December 10th to January 17th.

James - What a pity!

Mary - That’s ok, because in July my father is going to give me a ticket to

Europe as a birthday gift!!

James - Really?! What day is your birthday Mary?

Mary - It’s on July 27th.

48
MONTHS OF THE YEAR Track 68

January - Janeiro

February - Fevereiro

March - Março

April - Abril

May - Maio

June - Junho

July - Julho

August - Agosto

September - Setembro

October - Outubro

November - Novembro

December - Dezembro

LISTEN AND REPEAT Track 69

Ordinal numbers

1st – first 18th - eighteenth

2nd – second 19th - nineteenth

3rd – third 20th - twentieth

4th – fourth 21st – twenty-first

5th – fifth 22nd – twenty-second

6th – sixth 23rd – twenty-third

7th – seventh 24th – twenty-fourth

8th – eighth 30th - thirtieth

9th – nineth 31st – thirty-first

10th – tenth 40th - fortieth

11th – eleventh 50th - fiftieth

12th – twelfth 60th - sixtieth

13th – thirteenth 70th - seventieth

14th – fourteenth 80th - eightieth

15th – fifteenth 90th – ninetieth

16th – sixteenth 100th – one hundredth

17th - seventeent

49
DATES Track 70

We write dates like this month — day — year

September 7, 1999 / September 7th / 09/07/99 - the 7th of September.

We say dates like this:

September, seventh, nineteen ninety nine.

The seventh of September.

The year 2000 ( we say two thousand ).

EXERCISES

1) WRITE THE DATES

08/01/69 August first nineteen sixty-nine.

a) 10/11/85 _______________________________.

b) 12/25/80 _______________________________.

c) 01/01/00 _______________________________.

d) 09/28/75 _______________________________.

e) 06/06/87 _______________________________.

f) 04/17/98 _______________________________.

g) 07/07/78 _______________________________.

h) 01/14/28 _______________________________.

2) WRITE THE ORDINAL NUMBERS

11th ____________________. 92nd ____________________.

2nd ____________________. 60th ____________________.

25th ____________________. 15th ____________________.

100th ____________________. 33th ____________________.

1st ____________________. 21st ____________________.

12th ____________________. 61st ____________________.

50
3) ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

a) When is New Year’s Eve? ( Eve - véspera ) It’s on December thirty-first.

b) When is Christmas day? ________________________________.

c) When is Independence day of Brazil? ________________________________.

d) When did you start working? ________________________________.

e) When is your birthday? ________________________________.

f) When is Children’s day? ________________________________.

g) When is Women’s day? ________________________________.

h) When is Halloween? ________________________________.

DARLENE’S PARTY Track 71

Don - What are you going to do tonight?

Julia - I’m going to Darlene’s party.

Don - Who is Darlene?

Julia - She is the new girl in school.

Don - I don’t know who she is. What does she look like?

Julia - She is tall. She has long blonde straight hair and her eyes are blue.

Don - Where is she from?

Julia - She is from Los Angeles.

Don - What’s she like?

Julia - She is friendly and quite.

Don - Ok. It’s time to go home. Have a nice party.

Julia - Bye, Don.

Don - Bye, see you soon.

COMMUNICATION FOCUS Track 72

Para descrever pessoas em inglês usamos:

What’s she like? ( Como ela é? ) sobre personalidade.

What does she look like? ( Como ela é? ) sobre descrição física.

51
Para descrever a aparência das pessoas podemos usar alguns desses adjetivos:

Appearance: beautiful, pretty, good looking, nothing special, ugly.

Height: tall, average height, short.

Body Size: big, small, fat, thin, heavy, skinny.

Hair color: blonde, light/dark brown, black, red, gray.

Hair Style: short, long, straight, wavy, curly.

Eyes: blue, brown, gray, green.

ADJECTIVES Track 73

Para descrever a personalidade das pessoas podemos usar alguns destes adjetivos:

Loyal – leal Funny - engraçado

Shy – tímido Friendly - amigável

Stubborn – teimoso Generous - generoso

Honest – honesto Jealous - ciumento

Reliable – confiante Romantic - romântico

Intelligent – inteligente Hard-working - trabalhador

Happy – feliz

VOCABULARY Track 74

Abroad – no exterior Independence - independência

Also – também Light – claro/luz

Average – média/médio Nothing special – nada especial

Big – grande Short – baixo/curto

Blonde – loira Small - pequeno

Country – país Skinny - magro

Curly – enrolado Straight – reto/liso

Dark – escuro Suntan - bronzeado

Fat – gordo Ugly - feio

Good looking – boa aparência Tall - alto

Heavy – pesado Thin - magro

Height - altura

52
I AM NOT FEELING WELL Track 75

Lucas - Hi Peggy! Are you ok?

Peggy - I’m not feeling well. I have a headache.

Lucas - Do you want some medicine?

Peggy - No, thanks. I think that I’m going to rest.

Lucas - Are you sure you don’t need any help?

Peggy - Don’t worry, I’ll be ok.

Lucas - I have a friend who is a doctor. Don’t you want to see him?

Peggy - Is his office too far?

Lucas - No, it isn’t. It’s about 5 minutes by car.

Peggy - My whole body is aching... my head, my arms, my legs.

Lucas - So, let’s go to the doctor.

PARTS OF THE BODY Track 76

Hair - cabelo Wrist - pulso

Head - cabeça Hand - mão

Eyes - olhos Finger - dedo da mão

Nose - nariz Back - costas

Mouth - boca Leg - perna

Ears - orelhas Knee - joelho

Neck - pescoço Ankle - tornozelo

Shoulder - ombro Foot - pé

Belly - barriga Feet - pés

Arm - braço Toe - dedo do pé

Elbow - cotovelo Heel - calcanhar

53
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Track 77

Estas são algumas perguntas feitas para saber se a pessoa está bem de saúde:

What’s the matter? ( Qual é o problema? )

Are you ok? ( Você está bem? )

Para responder você pode dizer:

I have a headache. (dor de cabeça)

I have a cold. (resfriado)

I have sore throat. (dor de garganta)

I have a cough. (tosse)

I have a fever. (febre)

I have a stomachache. (dor de estômago)

I don’t feel very well. (Não me sinto muito bem)

I feel sick. (Me sinto mal/doente)

I feel weak. (Me sinto fraco)

I feel hot. (Me sinto quente)

I feel dizzy. (Me sinto tonto)

Do you want some medicine? (Você quer algum remédio?)

Do you want to see a doctor? (Você quer ver um médico?)

THE TRIP TO THE BEACH Track 78

Pamela - Hello, this is Pamela, is John there?

John - Speaking. How are you Pamela?

Pamela - I’m fine. What about you?

John - I’m fine too.

Pamela - Listen, do you still have that house at the beach?

John - Yes I do. Why are you asking?

Pamela - Because I’m looking for a house to rent there. I want to spend one week

at the beach.

John - When do you want to go?

54
Pamela - Next week.

John - That’s ok.

Pamela - So, how far is it from the beach? And what do you have in the house?

Do I need to take something with me?

John - Well, it’s one block from the beach, and I have everything there.

Pamela - That’s nice!

John - By the way, how are you going to get there? I know that you don’t have a

car.

Pamela - My sister has a car and she is going with me.

John - Great!

Pamela - I’m going to your house to talk about the rent, ok.

John - Ok, Bye!

Pamela - Bye!

GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 79

VERB “TO HAVE” - (ter)

Observe as seguintes frases:

I have a big television.

She has an old pillow.

Do you have a chair?

Does she have a mirror?

We don’t have a dishwasher.

He doesn’t have a microwave.

Observe que há uma mudança no verbo: I have.... She has.

Isso significa que na terceira pessoa do singular ( he, she, it ) o verbo é

escrito e falado has, mas nas outras pessoas usa-se have.

Note que na interrogativa precisamos dos auxiliares Do/Does antes do sujeito e

para as negativas devemos utilizar don’t/doesn’t, como todo verbo de presente

simples.

55
O verbo to have indica que possuimos algo:

I have a car.

She has a dog.

They have a house.

Ou que não temos algo:

I don’t have a car.

She doesn’t have a dog.

They don’t have a house.

Se você deseja perguntar use as estruturas abaixo:

Do you have a car?

Does she have a dog?

Do they have a house?

Note que tanto na interrogativa como na negativa quando usamos o auxiliar

does/doesn’t o verbo vai ser escrito e falado HAVE.

Short answers ( respostas curtas para dizer se tem ou não algo )

Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. / Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.

PREPOSITION BY AND MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION Track 80

( Preposição by e meios de transporte )

I go to schoo1 by bus / by car / by bicycle.

I travel by airplane / by train.

I go by boat to my farm.

She goes to school on foot.

Nós usamos a preposição by para dizermos como vamos a algum lugar, para se

referir ao meio de transporte que usamos.

Mas quando queremos dizer que vamos a pé usamos a preposição on.

Também podemos dizer:

I drive to school.

I walk to my work.

I ride my bike to the supermarket.

I take the subway to the shopping mall.

56
EXERCISES

1) FOLLOW THE MODEL, USE THE VERB TO HAVE.

I / a dog I have a dog.

She / a car ____________________________.

They / a grammar book ____________________________.

He / a pen ____________________________.

We / a house ____________________________.

You / a brother ____________________________.

They / a sister ____________________________.

2) CHANGE TO THE INTERROGATIVE FORM.

a) You have a big family. ______________________________?

b) She has a nice bike. ______________________________?

c) They have an expensive car. ______________________________?

d) I have a lot of money. ______________________________?

e) He has a mansion. ______________________________?

f) We have all kinds of fruits. ______________________________?

g) You have a computer. ______________________________?

h) She has a boyfriend. ______________________________?

i) They have the right address. ______________________________?

3) COMPLETE WITH THE PREPOSITIONS BY or ON.

a) Sarah goes to work ____ bus.

b) Peter goes to school ____ foot.

c) Jane and Ted go to the gym ____ car.

d) Ellen and I are going to Europe ____ ship.

e) John goes to the mall ____ taxi.

f) They never go to work ____ bike.

57
VOCABULARY Track 81

Aching – doendo Need – verbo precisar

Bellyache – dor de barriga Office - escritório

Cough – tosse Pillow – almofada / travesseiro

Dishwasher – lavadora de louças Rent – verbo alugar

Dizzy – tonto Rest – verbo descansar

Fever – febre Ride – digirir / montar / guiar / carona

Headache – dor de cabeça Something – alguma coisa

Hot – quente Sore throat – dor de garganta

How far – qual é a distância Stomachache – dor de estômago

Mansion – mansão Subway - metrô

Medicine – remédio / medicina Weak - fraco

Microwave – micro-ondas Whole - todo

Mirror - espelho

CD 02

WHEN I WAS FOURTEEN... Track 3

Hi, My name is Martha Arnold. I am fifty years old. Today life is very easy, but

when I was fourteen it was very difficult. My family was poor and big. There

were 10 people living in a small house, my mother, my father, my four brothers

and three sisters. I was up at five o'clock every day.

My house was on a little farm. There were pigs, cows and hens. There was only

one horse. There wasn’t a television, a radio, a blender, a mixer or a

microwave.

There were many fruit trees outside and there was a garden. In the garden there

were carrots, onions, lettuce, eggplants and potatoes.

I had to work on the farm to help my family. The life was hard but we were

happy!

58
GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 4

VERB TO BE - Past Tense ( era / estava )

Affirmative

I was - eu era / estava

You were - você era / estava

He was - ele era / estava

She was - ela era estava

It was - era / estava

We were - nós éramos / estávamos

You were - vocês eram / estavam

They were - eles eram / estavam

Negative

I wasn’t — eu não era / não estava

You weren’t — você não era / não estava

He wasn’t — ele não era / não estava

She wasn’t — ela não era / não estava

It wasn’t — não era / não estava

We weren’t — nós não éramos / não estávamos

You weren’t - vocês não eram / não estavam

They weren’t — eles não eram / não estavam

Interrogative

Was I? - Eu era? / estava?

Were you? — Você era? / estava?

Was he? - Ele era? / estava?

Was she? - Ela era? / estava?

Was it? - Era? / estava?

Were we? - Nós éramos? / estávamos?

Were you? - Vocês eram? / estavam?

Were they? - Eles eram? / estavam?

59
THERE TO BE - Past tense

Affirmative

There was - singular ( havia )

There was a clown in the circus.

There were - plural ( haviam )

There were clowns in the circus.

Negative

There wasn’t - singular ( não havia )

There wasn’t a clown in the circus.

There weren’t - plural ( não haviam )

There weren’t clowns in the circus.

Interrogative

Was there? - singular ( havia? )

Was there a clown in the circus?

Were there? - plural ( haviam? )

Were there clowns in the circus?

EXERCISES

1) FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THERE WAS OR THERE WERE:

a) ___________ a flower in the vase.

b) ___________ potatoes and carrots in the garden.

c) ___________ pigs and cows on the farm.

d) ___________ a big party in my house Yesterday.

e) ___________ a man on the street.

f) ___________ many people at the meeting.

g) ___________ a foreigner in town.

h) ___________ sugar in the coffee.

60
2) CHANGE THE SENTENCES TO THE PAST TENSE OF TO BE

a) I am a funny man. _____________________________.

b) He is a generous boy. _____________________________.

c) I’m hungry. _____________________________.

d) She is sick. _____________________________.

e) You are elegant. _____________________________.

f) I’m at the laundry. _____________________________.

g) They are at the mall. _____________________________.

h) My brother is short. _____________________________.

i) My parents are married. _____________________________.

3) CHANGE THE SENTENCES TO THE NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE FORMS

a) There were many apples in the refrigerator.

N: _____________________________________________.

I: _____________________________________________?

b) There was a cat in the living room.

N: _____________________________________________.

I: _____________________________________________?

c) There were many girls in the café.

N: _____________________________________________.

I: _____________________________________________?

d) There was a boy in front of the post office.

N: _____________________________________________.

I: _____________________________________________?

e) There were seven students in my class.

N: _____________________________________________.

I: _____________________________________________?

61
GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 5

PLURAL OF NOUNS

Em inglês, o plural dos substantivos se faz geralmente acrescentando-se S ao

singular.

Ex: book — books magazine — magazines

Existem também outras regras:

Os substantivos terminados em y precedido de consoante formam o plural

trocando-se y por ies:

Ex: lady — ladies / city — cities / candy — candies / family — families /

baby — babies.

Nos substantivos terminados em s, sh, ch, x, z, o geralmente acrescenta-se ES

para se formar o plural:

Ex: bus — buses / glass — glasses / ash — ashes / beach — beaches / church —

churches / tomato — tomatoes / box — boxes / fox — foxes / topaz — topazes

potato — potatoes.

Exceções: photo — photos / piano — pianos.

Os substantivos terminados por man no singular formam o plural trocando-se

man por men:

Ex: woman — women / policeman — policemen / mailman — mailmen / fireman —

firemen / gentleman — gentlemen / man — men.

Plural de child ( criança ) é children.

wife ( esposa ) é wives.

person ( pessoa ) é people.

62
EXERCISES

1) WRITE IN THE PLURAL

a) Tomato ________________. j) Knife ________________.

b) Boat ________________. k) City ________________.

c) Dish ________________. l) Car ________________.

d) Key ________________. m) Foot ________________.

e) Woman ________________. n) Miss ________________.

f) Wife ________________. o) Stomach ________________.

g) Man ________________. p) Mouse ________________.

h) Box ________________. q) Person ________________.

i) Child ________________. r) Sheep ________________.

2) WRITE IN ENGLISH

a) Eu tenho dois carros. _____________________________________.

b) Haviam três pessoas na casa. _____________________________________.

c) Os barcos eram deles. _____________________________________.

d) Onde estão minhas chaves? _____________________________________.

e) As crianças estão brincando. _____________________________________.

3) WRITE IN THE PLURAL

a) My friend is from India. _______________________________.

b) There is a tree in front of my house. _______________________________.

c) That car is mine. _______________________________.

d) Where is the restaurant? _______________________________.

e) There was a man fishing in the river. _______________________________.

f) This house is yellow. _______________________________.

63
VOCABULARY Track 6

Ash – cinza Laundry - lavanderia

Beach – praia Lettuce - alface

Blender – liquidificador Microwave - microondas

Boat – barco Mixer - batedeira

Camera – câmera Onion - cebola

Candy – doce / bala Outside - fora

Carrots – cenouras Pig - porco

Church – igreja Poor - pobre

Cows – vacas Potatoes - batatas

Difficult – difícil Refrigerator - geladeira

Elegant – elegante River - rio

Eggplants – berinjelas Sheep - ovelha

Fishing – pesca Topaz - topázio

Funny – engraçado Vase - vaso

Generous – generoso Wife - esposa

Hens – galinhas Yesterday - ontem

Knife - faca

THE ROCK-AND-ROLL BAND Track 7

Kim - Hello, Scott!

Scott – What’s up, Kim?

Kim - Randy and I are starting a rock-and-roll band.

Scoot – That’s cool. Do you have all the musicians?

Kim - No, we don’t. We need a singer, a guitar player and a keyboard player.

Can you play any of these instruments Scott?

Scott - Yes I can. I can play the keyboard.

Kim - Scott, I didn't know that. Would you like to be part of the band?

Scott - Sure, I would love it. When do we start practicing?

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Kim - First we need to find a singer and a guitar player.

Scott - Do you remember Sue?

Kim - Yes, I do.

Scott - She can sing very well.

Kim - Can she play the guitar?

Scott - No she can't, but her brother Luke can play the guitar very well.

Kim - This is great! Let’s call them.

LISTEN AND COMPLETE Track 8

a) They _________________ fast.

b) I _______________ tango.

c) My sister __________________ volleyball.

d) __________ you ___________ we are the champions?

e) They _______________________.

f) ____________ your father and mother __________ chess?

g) My teacher ______________ two languages.

GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 9

The verb CAN

Can é um verbo auxiliar, significa poder, no sentido de capacidade física ou

mental. Não recebe s na 3ª pessoa do singular do presente simples.

I can play basketball.

You can paint.

They can swim.

He can love.

Como formamos a interrogativa e negative do verbo can:

Interrogative Negative ( can not = can’t )

Can you drive a car? (Yes, I can) You can not fight karate.

Can she ride a bicycle? (No, she can’t) You can’t run fast.

Can they read Japanese? (Yes, they can) We can’t sing well.

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EXERCISES

1) WRITE WHAT THESE PEOPLE CAN or CAN’T DO.

Ride a Speak
Names Swim Dance Cook
horse Japanese

Mark Yes No Yes No Yes

Naiara No Yes No Yes No

Paul No No Yes Yes Yes

a) Mark can ride a horse.

b) ____________________________.

c) ____________________________.

d) ____________________________.

e) ____________________________.

a) Naiara can’t ride a horse.

b) ____________________________.

c) ____________________________.

d) ____________________________.

e) ____________________________.

a) Paul can’t ride a horse.

b) ____________________________.

c) ____________________________.

d) ____________________________.

e) ____________________________.

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 2) PUT IN THE NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE FORMS.

a) She can use the computer.

N: ____________________________.

I: ____________________________?

b) They can jump.

N: ____________________________.

I: ____________________________?

c) You can write poetry.

N: ____________________________.

I: ____________________________?

d) He can drive very well.

N: ____________________________.

I: ____________________________?

YOU MUST TAKE A SHOWER! Track 10

Mom – Ted you must take a shower!

Ted – Oh no, mom! Let me play a little more outside please.

Mom – Look at you! You’re feet are dirty, your hair is greasy and your nails are

dirty!

Ted – Mom, I promise I will take a shower before going to bed.

Mom – No way, you have to go to the shower right now!

Ted – No, no!

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GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 11

Modal verbs: MUST / HAVE TO / NEED TO

Esses verbos são usados para expresser obrigação ou necessidade:

I must study English.

I have to go to the bank.

I need to take some medicine.

A forma negativa destes verbos é feita colocando-se not depois do must, e

don’t ou doesn’t antes de have e need.

You mustn’t go now.

You don’t have to go now.

You don’t need to go now.

Mustn't indica proibição:

You mustn’t talk to the driver. (você não deve conversar com o motorista)

You mustn't smoke here. (você não deve fumar aqui)

EXERCISES

1) FOLLOW THE EXAMPLE

Ex: My teeth are hurting. ( go to the dentist )

You must go to the dentist.

a) She has no money. ( go to the bank )

_________________________________________.

b) We are hungry. ( eat something )

_________________________________________.

c) He’s thirsty. ( drink some water )

_________________________________________.

d) I’m cold. ( put on my coat )

_________________________________________.

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 e) You are going to eat. ( wash your hands )

_________________________________________.

f) He’s going to sleep. ( brush his teeth )

_________________________________________.

2) FOLLOW THE MODEL

Ex: ( write – on the wall )

You mustn’t write on the wall.

a) ( throw paper - on the floor )

_____________________________________________.

b) ( fight – in the school )

_____________________________________________.

c) ( feed the animals – in the zoo )

______________________________________________.

d) ( talk – when the teacher is speaking )

______________________________________________.

e) ( smoke – on the bus )

______________________________________________.

LISTEN AND REPEAT Track 12

The things I have to do!

Today I have to go to the bank, I need to cash some money, then I have to go to

the hairdresser. After that, I have to go to the mall. I need to buy a gift for

Brian! I also have to go to the supermarket, I have to buy some eggs, milk and

flour, because I need to bake a cake for Brian. Today is his Birthday.

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VOCABULARY Track 13

Also - também Hungry - fome

Band - banda Instruments - instrumentos

Cake - bolo Jump – verbo pular

Cash Money - sacar dinheiro Keyboard player - tecladista

Champions - campeões Milk - leite

Chess - xadrez Mom - mamãe

Dirty - sujo Nails - unhas

Egg – ovo Outside — lado de fora

Feed - verbo alimentar Paint - verbo pintar

Fight – verbo brigar Part - parte

Flour - farinha Poetry - poesia

Gift - presente Promise – verbo prometer

Greasy - engordurado Thirsty - sede

Guitar player - guitarrista Wall - muro

Hairdresser - cabeleireira Zoo - zoológico

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Track 14

What’s up? – O que está acontecendo?

That’s cool! - Que legal!

Would you like? - Você gostaria?

I would love it. - Eu adoraria.

This is great! - Isto é ótimo!

Let’s call them. - Vamos ligar para eles.

Look at you! - Olhe para você!

No way! – De jeito nenhum!

Right now! – Imediatamente!

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THE PICTURES Track 15

Sharon – Look! These are some of my old pictures!

Doug – Wow! You used to be blonde and you used to have rosy, huge cheeks and

smiley eyes! You have grown into a lovely young woman. I would never

have known unless I was told that it was you!

Sharon - Thanks! I used to be a cute baby! Now look at this one!

Doug - Hey, you were playing marbles!

Sharon - I used to play marbles with my brothers!

Doug - So you were a tomboy!

Sharon - Yes, I was. This is the problem when you are the only girl at home.

Doug - How many brothers do you have?

Sharon - I have 3 brothers! I’m the youngest. So they didn’t use to play dolls

with me, and I had to play only their games.

Doug – And who is the girl with you in this other picture?

Sharon - She used to be my best friend. Nowadays she is studying in another

country.

Doug - I See. How about this other picture? How old were you?

GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 16

USED TO + INFINITIVE

I used to be blonde.

They didn’t use to play dolls.

What did you use to wear when you were a teenager?

O used to + infinitivo é usado para falarmos de coisas que aconteciam com

regularidade no passado ou para coisas que eram verdade no passado, mas não são

mais no presente.

Usamos o used to + infitivo para expressar hábitos, ações e atitudes passadas.

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Exemplos

When I was a child, I used to like chocolate.

I used to read a lot of books, but I don’t read much these days.

Liz has short hair now but it used to be very long.

They used to live in the same street as us, so we often used to see them. But

we don’t see them very often these days.

Ann used to have a piano but she sold it a few years ago.

When I was a child I didn’t use to like tomatoes.

Where did you use to live before you came here?

EXERCISES

1) COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH USED TO or DIDN'T USE TO AND A VERB.

Ex: My father used to smoke, but he doesn’t smoke now.

We didn’t use to go to the theater, but now we go once a month.

a) We _____________ in New York, but now we live in Chicago.

b) My sister _____________ purses, but now she collects shoes.

c) I _____________ a lot of chocolate, but it made me fat, so now I don't eat

it at all.

d) We _____________ on vacation to the beach, but now we usually go to the

mountains.

e) I _____________ Biology, but now I like it.

f) My brother _____________ soccer, but now he plays tennis.

2) COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES.

Use USED TO or THE PRESENT SIMPLE ( I play, he lives, etc. )

1) I used to play tennis. I stopped playing a few years ago.

2) Do you do any sport? Yes, I play basketball.

3) Do you have a car? No, I _______________ one but I sold it.

4) George _______________ a waiter. Now he’s the manager of a hotel.

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5) Do you go work by car? Sometimes, but most days I _______ by train.

6) When I was a child , I never ______________ meat, but I eat it now.

7) Mary loves watching TV. She __________ TV every evening.

8) We ______________ near the airport, but we moved to the city centre a few

years ago.

9) Normally I start work at 7 o’clock, so I ________ up very early.

10) What games _______ you _____________ when you were a child?

THE MATH TEST Track 17

Cris - Hi, Jay. I’ve something to tell you.

Jay - Go ahead!

Cris - Last night I went to the movie theater and I watched a good movie!

Jay - Really! What movie was it?

Cris - It was “My last love”, I cried the whole movie.

Jay - Were you alone?

Cris - No, I wasn’t. Juli went with me, and after the movie we stopped at the

mall.

Jay - Seems like you had a great evening! Mine was horrible!

Cris - Why?

Jay - I studied for the math test I’m going to have tomorrow and I didn’t know

anything. Well, I still have some questions!

Cris – Don’t worry Jay! I’m going to help you with that. Can you come to my

house tonight?

Jay - Yes, I can. Thank you very much, Cris. See you tonight!

Cris – Don’t mention it! See you!

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GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 18

SIMPLE PAST - AFFIRMATIVE FORM

Usamos o passado simples para falar de ações e fatos que aconteceram num

tempo determinado do passado.

Ex: Last night I went to the movie theater.

I watched a good movie.

Os verbos no passado podem ser regulares e irregulares.

REGULAR VERBS

Os verbos regulares são acrescidos de ed/d/ied, preste atenção nas regras:

Se um verbo terminar em y e for precedido de uma consoante, é necessário que o

y seja tirado e seja acrescentado o ied ao verbo.

Ex: try - tried (tentar) / study - studied (estudar) / cry - cried (chorar)

Se o verbo terminar em y e for precedido de uma vogal, acrescenta-se ed.

Ex: play - played (jogar, tocar, brincar) / enjoy - enjoyed (gostar, curtir,

apreciar)

Se o verbo terminar em CVC (consoante, vogal, consoante), dobra-se a consoante

final e acrescenta-se ed.

Ex: stop - stopped (parar) / prefer - preferred (preferir)

IRREGULAR VERBS

Os verbos irregulares não possuem regras, eles sofrem variações na escrita.

Ex: see - saw (ver) / buy - bought (comprar) / go - went (ir)

come - came (vir) / have - had (ter) / fly – flew (voar)

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EXERCISES

1) REWRITE THE SENTENCES BELOW IN THE SIMPLE PAST.

a) She watches good movies.

____________________________________.

b) He buys a lot of cds.

____________________________________.

c) They clean their house.

____________________________________.

d) I drive the car on the weekend.

____________________________________.

e) She teaches English in the school.

____________________________________.

2) WRITE IN ENGLISH:

a) Ontem eu li dois livros.

_______________________________________.

b) Ela dançou a noite inteira.

_______________________________________.

c) Nós comemos pizza na semana passada.

_______________________________________.

d) Ela veio na minha casa ontem de manhã.

_______________________________________.

3) COMPLETE THE REGULAR VERBS WITH D/IED/ED.

a) Dance _________________. f) Enjoy _________________.

b) Carry _________________. g) Open _________________.

c) Collect _________________. h) Play _________________.

d) Cry _________________. i) Work _________________.

e) Close _________________. j) Discover _________________.

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3) COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING THE SIMPLE PAST FORM OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS.

a) I _______ ( go ) to the movies last night and I ______ ( see ) a very

good movie.

b) The boat _____ ( have ) a radio operator.

c) The car ______________ ( break down ) Yesterday.

d) Lucy ________ ( give ) me a gift last week.

e) Brad ________ ( send ) me flowers last Saturday.

f) Lucas _______ ( lose ) his wallet last month.

g) My mom ________ ( make ) a cake last Friday.

TIPS ( DICAS ) Track 19

Yesterday – ontem

The day before Yesterday – antes de ontem

Last night - noite passada

Last weekend - final de semana passado

Last year - ano passado

The year before last - ano retrasado

VOCABULARY Track 20

Alone - sozinho Into - dentro, em

Cheek - bochecha Lovely - adorável

Close - fechado, próximo Marbles - bolinhas de gude

Collect - colecionar Nowadays - hoje em dia

Cute - bonitinho Only - somente

Discover - descobrir Purse - bolsa

Enjoy - curtir, desfrutar Radio operator - operador de rádio

Fish - peixe Rosy - rosado

Grown - particípio passado (crescer) Smiley - alegre

Horrible - horrível Teenager - adolescente

Huge - grande, imenso Tomboy - menina levada

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USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Track 21

I’d never have known - Eu nunca teria sabido.

Go ahead! - Vá em frente!

Don’t mention it! - De nada.

THE VACATION Track 22

Lunah - Where did you go on your last vacation?

Pinkman - I went to Italy.

Lunah - Really! What did you see there?

Pinkman - I saw wonderful things in Italy and I went to Rome, I saw the

“Colosseum”. It’s amazing! You must go there some day!

Lunah - Who did you go with?

Pinkman - I went alone. And you? Where did you go on your last vacation?

Lunah - I didn’t go anywhere. I didn’t have money to afford a trip, so I

stayed in the city.

Pinkman – That doesn’t sound so fun!

Lunah - I had fun! My friends and I partied every day until late!

Pinkman – So, you had a good time!

GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 23

SIMPLE PAST - NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE FORM

Negative: didn't = did not

I didn’t call you last night.

He didn’t write yet.

Interrogative: Did

Did he put the book on the shelf?

Did they wake up on time for school?

Observe que tanto na interrogativa como na negativa usamos o auxiliar did ou

didn’t e o verbo da frase, fica no infinitivo, isto é, não sofre alterações.

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Pay attention to the following phrases. ( Preste atenção nas seguintes frases )

Afirmativa:

He had a dream last night.

You studied French in France.

Interrogativa:

Did he have a dream last night?

Did you study French in France?

Negativa:

He didn’t have a dream last night.

You didn’t study French in France.

Short answers ( respostas curtas )

Did you see Joe at the party? No, I didn’t.

Did it rain on Sunday? Yes, it did.

Did Mark come to the party? No, he didn’t.

Did they have a good vacation? Yes, they did.

EXERCISES

1) WHAT DID YOU DO YESTERDAY? WRITE SENTENCES IN THE AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE:

Ex: ( watch tv )

I watched TV Yesterday.

I didn’t watch TV Yesterday.

a) ( get up before 7:30 )

____________________________________________________.

____________________________________________________.

b) ( take a shower )

____________________________________________________.

____________________________________________________.

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c) ( buy a magazine )

____________________________________________________.

____________________________________________________.

d) ( speak English )

____________________________________________________.

____________________________________________________.

e) ( eat meat )

____________________________________________________.

____________________________________________________.

f) ( go to bed before 10:30 )

____________________________________________________.

____________________________________________________.

2) WRITE QUESTIONS:

Ex: I met somebody. Who did you meet?

a) Harry arrived. What time ______ Harry __________ ?

b) I saw somebody. Who _______ you ________ ?

c) They wanted something. What ____________________?

d) The meeting finished. What time ______________________ ?

e) Pat went home early. Why ___________________________ ?

f) We had dinner. What ___________________ dinner?

g) It cost a lot of money. How much _________________ ?

3) COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE VERBS IN THE SIMPLE PAST:

a) Paul ______ (get) home at 11 o’clock. Then he _______ (take) a shower.

Finally he _________ (go) to sleep.

b) Did she _______ (buy) a new car? No, she _________ .

c) When I ________ (live) in New York, I ______ (have) many friends.

d) Last year my father _______ (give) me a nice book, but I ______ (lose) it.

e) Did you _________ (watch) the film last night?

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4) COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB.

a) Where did the children _______ (play) soccer last Sunday?

They ________ (play) in the park.

b) What time did you ____________ (get up) this morning?

I _________ (get up) at 8 o’clock.

c) How many photos did Alex ________ (buy)? He _________ (buy) twenty-four.

d) When did the teacher ________ (go) to school last Friday? She ______ (go) at

7 o’clock.

e) What did Naiara ________ (buy) at the supermarket? She _______ (buy) some

bread and a box of cereal.

LISTEN AND COMPLETE WITH THE SIMPLE PAST. Track 24

Jason - What __________________ last night? (you/do) ___________________ for

dinner? (you/go out)

Patricia – Oh, no! ____________________ to Stephani’s party. (I/go)

Jason - Really! Who _______ you ________ there? (see)

Patricia - __________ Brian, Katty, Linda and Ben at the party. (I/see)

Jason - _________________ to Colline? (you/talk)

Patricia - Yes I did. And _________________ about you. (she/ask) By the way,

_______________________ Stephani’s party? (not/you/go to)

Jason - Well, I ________ a problem with my car. (have)

Patricia - My goodness! __________________ it again? (you/crash)

Jason – No, I didn’t! My car just _________ down when I was going to Stephani’s

house. (break)

Patricia - ______________________ the mechanic? (you/call)

Jason - That was the problem! ___________________ a guy who pretended to be a

mechanic. (I/call)

Patricia – What do you mean?

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Jason – He _______ (say) that he could fix my car, but he _______ (try) for

about 3 hours and he couldn’t find the problem!

Patricia – Holly cow! Was he a mechanic?

Jason – He is a beginner, he is learning about it. So he _________________ to be

a professional and he couldn’t fix my car at all. (pretend)

So I _________ my night and I had to wait until the next morning to call

a real mechanic because it was very late! (lose)

Patricia – Wow! What a terrible night you had! I wouldn’t wanna be in your

shoes!

TIPS Track 25

PRONUNCIATION OF REGULAR VERBS IN THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Ed – Pronuncia-se /id/ quando o verbo termina com som de t ou d.

Ex: visited / wanted

Ed - Pronuncia-se /t/ quando a forma básica do verbo termina por k, p ou por

s, sh, eh.

Ex: worked / jumped / looked / stopped / missed / finished / brushed / reached.

Ed - Pronuncia-se /d/ nos demais casos.

Ex: believed / learned / obeyed / filled / claimed / discovered.

VOCABULARY Track 26

Amazing – espantoso / incrível Finish - terminar

Anywhere – qualquer lugar Mechanic - mecânico

Arrive – chegar Party - festa

Beginner – iniciante Pretend - fingir

Bread – pão Professional - profissional

Call – ligar, chamar Rain - chuva

Cereal – cereal Reach – verbo alcançar

Crash – trombar, bater Shelf - prateleira

Dinner – jantar Somebody - alguém

Discover – descobrir Stay - ficar

Dream – sonho Wait – verbo esperar

Film – filme Wonderful - maravilhoso

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USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Track 27

By the way! - À propósito!

My goodness! - Minha nossa!

I wouldn’t wanna be in your shoes! - Eu não queria estar no seu lugar!

Holy cow! Caramba! ( interjeição )

Obs: wanna be é a forma coloquial do verbo want ( neste caso want to be ).

THE OPTIONS Track 28

Daniel - Do you like the actress Mary Stewart?

Carla - Yes, I do. But I prefer Michelle Simpson, she is prettier than Mary.

Daniel - No, you don’t know what you are saying. Mary has longer hair than

Michelle. She is a lot taller. That’s why she is more beautiful!

Carla – Ok, Daniel you have your opinion and I have mine, let’s stop arguing!

Daniel - Hey, you don’t need to get mad at me. They are both good actresses.

Carla - Yes, I know, but I am tired of you trying to be the one that is always

right in our conversations.

Daniel - Ok, Carla! Your problem is that you never accept when I don’t agree

with you, and you know that I’m more intelligent than you.

Carla - Yes, you are so smart that your grades at school are worse than mine!

Daniel - Bye Carla! I don’t wanna talk to a stubborn person like you!

GRAMMAR FOCUS

COMPARATIVE OF SUPERIORITY Track 29

Usamos o comparativo de superioridade para comparar duas ou mais coisas ou

pessoas.

Short adjectives

Regras de comparação de adjetivos curtos:

1) Acrescenta-se er + than ao adjetivo:

Tall - She is taller than Mônica.

Short - Paul is shorter than Kim.

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2) Se o adjetivo terminar em y e for precedido de consoante, tira-se o y e

acrescenta-se ier + than.

Happy - Paul is happier than Jane.

Easy - This exercise is easier than that one.

3) Adjetivos terminados em e, acrescenta-se somente r.

Gentle - David is gentler than Paul.

Nice - She is nicer than you.

4) Para adjetivos terminados em consoante vogal consoante, dobra-se a

consoante final e acrescenta-se er than.

Big - This box is bigger than that one.

Thin - She is thinner than you.

Long adjectives

Para adjetivos longos temos uma única regra:

More + adjetivo + than

Intelligent - I am more intelligent than you.

Expensive - A Ferrari is more expensive than a BMW.

Irregulars

Good / well / better ( bom / bem / melhor )

Mariah is a good singer but Britney is better.

He knows art very well but I know it better.

Bad / badly / worse ( mau / ruim / pior )

I’m feeling bad today. I’m worse than Yesterday!

Jack behaved badly with me. He did worse than I expected.

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EXERCISES

COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING THE COMPARATIVES:

1) Tina’s house isn’t very big. She wants a bigger house.

2) This car isn’t very modern. I like more modern cars.

3) She is not very tall. Her brother is ____________.

4) Steve didn’t study hard. Sally studied __________.

5) These pants aren’t very comfortable. These ones are ____________________.

6) They aren’t very interested in literature. They are _______________ in shops.

7) My sister is not polite. I am ___________________ than her.

8) Today is warm. It was ____________ Yesterday.

WHO IS RICHER? Track 30

Nataly - Simon, I think Willian’s family is richer than yours!

Simon - No, Nataly, his family isn’t as rich as mine.

Nataly - But your house isn’t as big as his.

Simon - This doesn’t mean that we have less money than them. My father’s car

is the same as Willian’s father’s car.

Nataly - What about the boat they have? You don’t have one.

Simon - We don’t like to sail, we prefer riding horses. That’s why we raise

horses and they don’t.

Nataly – Ok! How much money does your father make monthly?

Simon - Do you know something, Nataly? It’s none of your business how much my

father makes or if my father is as rich as Willian’s father or not!

GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 31

COMPARATIVE – as…as / not as…as

Usamos a forma as…as quando queremos dizer que duas pessoas ou coisas são

parecidas.

Ex: His father is as rich as mine.

My sister is as tall as you.

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Quando queremos dizer que pessoas ou coisas não são parecidas acrescentamos o

not no verbo to be.

Ex: Your house is not as big as his.

My farm is not as big as yours.

Outra forma usada para dizer que duas pessoas ou coisas são parecidas é a forma

“the same as”.

Ex: My father’s car is the same as his father’s.

His salary is the same as mine.

Para negativa

Ex: Michael is not the same age as George.

Her teacher is not the same as mine.

EXERCISES

WRITE SENTENCES WITH as…as

1) Athens is older than Rome. Rome isn’t as old as Athens.

2) My room is bigger than yours. Your room isn’t ________________________.

3) You got up earlier than me. I didn’t _________________________________.

4) We played better than them. They _____________________________________.

5) She’s more nervous than him. He ______________________________________.

6) Arthur and Ben are both 15 years old. Arthur is ______________________.

7) She is a better student than me. I’m not _____________________________.

8) David is stronger than Marcelo. Marcelo ______________________________.

9) Mark and Tom can run fast. Mark can __________________________________.

10) Porto Alegre is colder than São Paulo. ______________________________.

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VOCABULARY Track 32

Arguing - discutindo Literature - literatura

Boat - barco Modern - moderno

Both - ambos Monthly - mensalmente

Conversation – conversação Polite - educado

Expensive - caro Raise (horses) – criar cavalos

Gentle - gentil Sail – verbo navegar

Grade - nota/série Salary - salário

High - alto Weak - fraco

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Track 33

Make Money - ganhar dinheiro

It’s none of your business! - Não é da sua conta!

IRREGULAR VERBS Track 34

Verbos irregulares

SIMPLE PAST
INFINITIVE TRANSLATION
PAST PARTICIPLE
to be was/were been ser, estar, ficar
to beat up beat up beaten up bater, espancar, superar, palpitar
to become became become tornar-se
to begin began begun começar, iniciar
to bend down bent down bent down ajoelhar-se, curvar, entortar
to bring brought brought trazer, servir, causar
to build built built construir, edificar, fabricar
to buy bought bought Comprar
to catch caught caught pegar, capturar, entender, adquirir
to choose chose chosen escolher, selecionar, preferir
to come came come vir, chegar
to cost cost cost custar

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 to dream dreamt dreamt sonhar
to drink drank drunk beber
to drive drove driven dirigir, guiar
to eat ate eaten comer
to fall fell fallen cair, desaguar, abater-se
to feed fed fed alimentar, nutrir
to feel felt felt sentir, notar
to find found found achar, encontrar
to fly flew flown voar
to forgive forgave forgiven perdoar
to get got got obter, conseguir
to give gave given dar
to go went gone Ir
to hang hung hung pendurar, suspender
to have had had ter, possuir
to hear heard heard ouvir, escutar, ter notícias
to hide hid hidden esconder(-se), ocultar
to hit hit hit bater, chocar-se
to know knew known saber, conhecer
to lead led led conduzir, liderar, dirigir, comandar
to leave left left partir, deixar, sair
to lose lost lost perder
to make made made fazer, criar, elaborar
to meet met met encontrar(-se), reunir(-se)
to put put put pôr, colocar
to read read read ler, interpretar
to ride rode ridden cavalgar, andar de bibicleta ou moto
to say said said dizer, afirmar, declarar
to see saw seen ver, perceber
to set set set pôr, dispor, ajustar
to sing sang sung cantar
to sit sat sat sentar(-se)
to sleep slept slept dormir
to spell spelt spelt soletrar
to spend spent spent gastar (dinheiro), passar (tempo)
to steal stole stolen roubar, furtar
to swim swam swum nadar

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 to take took taken tomar, pegar, levar
to teach taught taught ensinar
to tell told told dizer, contar
to think thought thought pensar, achar
to wake up woke up woken up acordar
to wear wore worn vestir, usar, trajar
to win won won ganhar, vencer
to write wrote written escrever

Obs: Em inglês existem os verbos uniformes, biformes e triformes.

Uniformes: Apresentam uma única forma no infinitivo, passado e particípio.

Ex: to cut – cut – cut (cortar)

to put – put – put (colocar)

Biformes: Apresentam duas formas iguais, no passado e particípio, no infinitivo

e no passado ou no infinitivo e no particípio.

Ex: to beat – beat – beaten (bater)

to become – became – become (tornar-se)

Triformes: Possuem formas diferentes no infinitivo, passado e particípio.

Ex: to be – was/were – been (ser, estar)

to drive – drove – driven (dirigir)

PHRASAL VERBS

Um dos mais incríveis fenômenos linguísticos do idioma inglês é a aparição de

verbos chamados “phrasal verbs”. São verbos comuns e com significado próprio e

definido com junção com preposições ou advérbios formam novos verbos com

significados ainda diferentes.

Dito isso, podemos assumir que os “phrasal verbs” são formados de várias

maneiras diferentes.

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Exemplo:

I put my coat on the sofa.

Eu coloquei meu casaco no sofá.

Essa é uma frase simples com a utilização do verbo “to put”, que foi usado em

sua forma de passado simples na primeira pessoa. Vale lembrar que o passado do

verbo “to put” fica igual em sua forma passada.

Os verbos que chamamos de Phrasal Verbs podem fazer as seguintes combinações:

Verbo + advérbio

Verbo + preoposição

Verbo + advérbio + preposição

Exemplo:

She put on her coat.

Ela vestiu seu casaco.

Veja que usamos o mesmo verbo “to put” em sua forma passada e mudamos a pessoa

da frase, o que não é relevante neste momento. O que é importante agora é notar

que o verbo “to put(colocar)” foi agora substituído pelo verbo “to put(vestir)”.

Veja que a simples colocação da preposição “on” depois do verbo alterou seu

significado, mas não sua forma. Isso acontece com muitos outros verbos em

inglês.

Exemplos:

I take a train to go to work.

Eu pego um trem para ir ao trabalho.

Jane takes out the kid.

Jane acompanha a criança.

Jane takes care of the kid.

Jane toma conta da criança.

Algumas vezes quando juntamos o verbo simples com uma preposição ou um advérbio,

ao invés de tornar-se outro verbo, torna-se um substantivo simples.

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Exemplos:

Income (prep. In – dentro; verb. Come - vir) = renda, entrada de dinheiro.

Make up (verb make – fazer; preposição up - para cima, para o alto) = maquiagem.

Esses verbos são muito utilizados em inglês e como já vimos, não adianta tentar

traduzí-los também de maneira literal, pois quando agrupamos um verbo e uma

preposição eles perdem completamente o sentido original e tornam-se outros

completamente diferentes.

PHRASAL VERBS II

Para construirmos uma frase usando um verbo desse tipo, temos que fazer a

seguinte estrutura:

Colocamos a primeira palavra (verbo) + objeto + a preposição.

Exemplo:

Please, turn the lights off before you leave.

Por favor, apague as luzes antes de sair.

Veja que o verbo vem em primeiro lugar (turn), seguido pelo objeto (the lights)

e por último a preposição (off).

Lembre-se também que as palavras que se transformam em Phrasal Verbs e têm como

tradução um substantivo (como citado na lição anterior) esses são diferentes e

não separam-se na formação de frases.

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Alguns exemplos de Phrasal Verbs:

Back up - apoiar, proteger Keep out - excluir

Be back – voltar Keep up - manter

Be in - estar em (algum lugar) Let down - desapontar

Be out - estar fora de (algum lugar) Look after - proteger

Be over - terminar Look for - procurar

Blow up - explodir Look out - ser cuidadoso

Break down - parar de funcionar Look up - consultar

Bring up - educar, criar Make up - inventar/criar estória

Call off - cancelar Make up for - compensar por algo

Carry on - continuar Overlook - descuidar

Catch up - atingir Pay back - devolver

Clear up - esclarecer, melhorar Pick up - pegar, buscar

Come off - resultar, suceder Point out - apontar

Cut off - desconectar Put on - vestir

Drop in – visitar rapidamente Put off - postergar, adiar

Fall off - diminuir Put up - acomodar

Fill in - preencher Ring up - telefonar

Find out - descobrir Ring after - perseguir

Fix up - consertar Run away - fugir/escapar

Get back - recuperar Run out - apagar/rasurar

Get in - entrar Sell out - esgotar/vender tudo

Get on - progredir/ subir Stay up - ficar acordado

Get out - sair de (algum lugar) Take in - enganar/fraudar

Get over - vencer, recuperar-se de Take off - remover/decolar

Get up - levantar Take out - acompanhar alguém

Give up - desistir Take up - começar/iniciar

Go on - continuar Think about - pensar em

Go out - sair Throw away - jogar fora

Hold on - esperar Turn down - rejeitar

Hold up - demorar Turn on - ligar

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Turn off - desligar Work out - exercitar-se

Wake up - acordar

WHO IS THE MOST HANDSOME BOY? Track 36

Beth - I think Junior is the most handsome boy in the school.

Jane - You are kidding! You must wear glasses Beth. He is the ugliest boy not

only in the school but in the whole world.

Beth - You say that because you don’t like him.

Jane - How can I like the most boring person in the school? I like Steve. He is

cute and polite.

Beth - Maybe you are right about Junior. But I have eyes for another boy.

Jane - Who is he?

Beth - He is my new neighbor. He is the strongest boy that I have ever seen in

my whole life.

Jane - Wow! This conversation is getting good. When are you going to introduce

him to me? I love strong boys.

Beth - Never, never. He is mine!

GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 37

SUPERLATIVE

O superlativo é usado para expressar o grau mais alto e intenso de uma

característica ou qualidade.

Short adjectives

1 - Acrescenta-se est ao adjetivo:

cheap - cheapest - This cap is the cheapest.

new - newest - That car is the newest.

Obs: No superlativo é necessário usar o artigo definido the antes do adjetivo.

2 - Quando precedido de consoante troca-se o y por iest.

dirty - dirtiest - This is the dirtiest street in the city.

lazy - laziest - Brian is the laziest student in the class.

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3 - Quando o adjetivo termina em consoante, vogal, consoante dobra-se a

consoante final e acrescenta-se est.

sad - saddest - This is the saddest day of my life.

big - biggest - This is the biggest car I’ve ever seen.

4 - Os adjetivos abaixo são irregulares:

good - best - She is the best.

bad - worst - My team is the worst.

Long adjectives

Para os adjetivos longos existe uma única regra:

The most + adjective

Reliable - Sarah is the most reliable person that I know.

Stubborn - David is the most stubborn person in the world.

EXERCISES

COMPLETE WITH THE SUPERLATIVE.

1) This building is __________________ (old) in the city.

2) Everest is ___________________ (high) mountain in the world.

3) This river is ____________________ (wide) in the country.

4) This was ___________________ (bad) mistake I’ve ever made.

5) Springfield is ___________________ (modern) city in this country.

6) “The Avengers” was ____________________ (good) movie.

7) Isabelle is ______________________ (intelligent) student in class.

8) Lucas is ________________________ (strong) guy in the gym.

9) Slipknot is ______________________ (nice) band I know.

10) English is _______________________ (pretty) language in the world.

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LISTEN AND COMPLETE Track 38

Teacher - Ok Tina, let’s ____________ if you ______________ which country in

the _____________ is the most populated.

Tina - Teacher I am not _____________ if China is more ______________ than India

or if India is more populated than the USA.

Teacher - Tina you have to _________ more attention. I ______________ in the

__________ of the class that China is the most populated ___________

in the world. One more ___________. Which is the ____________ river in

the world?

Tina - This one I __________, it is the Missouri river.

Teacher - No, it is the Amazon river.

Tina - Sorry teacher I _______________ the text about this subject.

Teacher - The last question. Is the Fuji ______________ higher than Everest

mountain?

Tina - No it ___________. Everest mountain is the ______________ in the world.

Teacher - Very good Tina.

THE ARGUMENT Track 39

Susy - Yesterday I was walking in the mall and I saw the weirdest scene I've

ever seen in my whole life. A couple was having an argument and they were

screaming! The girl was saying that he was looking at another girl, and

he was trying to defend himself but the girl wasn’t accepting his

arguments.

Bob - Gee! Wasn’t she ashamed of her attitude?

Susy - No, she wasn’t! She was so mad about the guy’s attitude that I think she

forgot that she was inside the mall.

Bob - Did you hear the final outcome of that argument?

Susy – No, I didn’t.

Bob - Why not?

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Susy - Well, while I was watching that scene, I felt something on my shoulder.

Can you guess who was tapping me?

Bob - I have no idea!

Susy – It was Mellany Anderson!

Bob - Really? How was she?

Susy - She wasn’t felling so good.

Bob - What happened to her?

Susy – Hum, that is another weird story! But now I’m in a hurry. Can we talk

later?

Bob - Ok! See you later!

Susy - See you!

GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 40

PAST CONTINUOUS

É usado para falarmos de ações que estavam acontecendo no passado.

AFFIRMATIVE

A forma afirmativa do passado contínuo é construída da seguinte maneira:

Subject + was/were + verb + ing

I was mowing the lawn.

They were washing their cars.

INTERROGATIVE

Para formarmos a interrogativa usamos:

Was/Were + subject + verb + ing

Was she painting the house?

Were they talking in the restaurant?

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NEGATIVE

Para formar a negativa usamos:

Subject + was/were + not + verb + ing

He wasn’t (not) digging the hole.

We weren’t (not) wearing the uniform.

SHORT ANSWERS

Was she eating at our house? No, she wasn’t.

Were they playing soccer last night? Yes, they were.

Obs: O passado contínuo segue a mesma regra do presente contínuo para se

adicionar o ing.

Outros exemplos:

What were you doing at 11:30 Yesterday? Were you working?

What did he say? I don’t know, I wasn’t listening.

It was raining, so we didn’t go out.

In 1985 we were living in Canada.

Today she’s wearing a skirt, but Yesterday she was wearing pants.

I woke up early Yesterday. It was a beautiful morning. The sun was shining and

the birds were singing.

EXERCISES

1) WRITE IN ENGLISH:

a) Eu estava lavando o chão. _____________________________________.

b) Eles estavam andando de bicicleta _____________________________________.

c) Ela estava pintando a casa. _____________________________________.

d) Nós estávamos cozinhando. _____________________________________.

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2) PUT IN THE NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE FORMS:

a) I was winning the game when the telephone rang.

N: ________________________________________________.

I: ________________________________________________?

b) She was feeding the baby.

N: ________________________________________________.

I: ________________________________________________?

c) They were hiding from me.

N: ________________________________________________.

I: ________________________________________________?

d) They were stealing my car.

N: ________________________________________________.

I: ________________________________________________?

e) It was snowing when you got home last night.

N: ________________________________________________.

I: ________________________________________________?

VOCABULARY Track 41

Cheap - barato Lawn - gramado

Cute – fofo (a)/bonitinho (a) Lazy - preguiçoso

Dig - verbo cavar Mad - bravo/maluco

Discussion - discussão Mistake - erro

Feed - verbo alimentar Mow – verbo cortar (grama)

Felt - passado do verbo sentir Neighbor - vizinho

Guess - adivinhar/supor Paint - verbo pintar

Handsome - bonito Polite - educado

Inside - dentro Populated - populoso

Introduce - verbo apresentar Reliable - confiável

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River - rio Subject - matéria/assunto

Sad - triste Tap – batida leve/torneira

Scene - cena Team - time

Scream - grito Wear – verbo vestir

Shoulder - ombro Weird - estranho

Steal - verbo roubar Win – verbo vencer

Stubborn - teimoso

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Track 42

Gee! - Minha nossa!

Can you guess? - Você pode adivinhar?

I’m in a hurry! - Estou com pressa!

SHOPPING Track 43

Salesperson - May I help you Sir.?

Customer - I’m looking for a pair of tennis shoes.

Salesperson - Please, come over here and have a look.

Customer - Those ones with the yellow shoe laces, I would like to try them on.

Salesperson - What size do you wear?

Customer - I wear size 9.

Salesperson - Here you are. Try it on . . . How does it fit?

Customer – It doesn’t fit very well. Do you have a larger size, please?

Salesperson – Of course! I’m gonna go get size 9 and a half.

Anything else Sir.?

Customer - I would also like to see a jacket.

Salesperson – The jackets are there on the left.

Customer - Let me try it on.

Salesperson - Which one?

Customer – The brown one.

Salesperson - Here you are.

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Customer - Oh no, it’s too long and it doesn’t look good on me. I’ll only take

the tennis shoes. How much are they?

Salesperson - They are $ 120,00. How are you going to pay Sir.?

Customer – I’m going to pay cash and I would like a discount.

Salesperson – Oh, sure! We give 10% discount when the customer pays cash.

So it’s $ 108,00. Thanks for shopping at Heralds Sir.!

GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 44

ONE / ONES

Nós podemos usar one ou ones ao invés de um substantivo contável para evitar

repetições.

One - Substitui um substantivo contável no singular.

Do you want a blue T-shirt or a white one?

Ex: I need a pen. Do you have one? (one - a pen)

Which one? (qual?) Lembrando que usamos Which quando temos opções.

Which car is yours? This one or that one? (este aqui ou aquele?)

Which hotel did you stay at? The one opposite the station.

I don’t like the black coat, but I like the brown one.

Don’t buy that camera. Buy the other one.

This cup is dirty. Can I get a clean one?

That cake was very good. I’m going to have another one.

Ones - substitui um substantivo contável no plural.

Do you want soft toffees or hard ones?

Which ones? (quais?)

Which keys are yours? The ones on the table.

I don’t like the red shoes but I like the black ones.

Don’t buy those apples. Buy the other ones.

These cups are dirty. Can we have some clean ones?

My shoes are very old. I’m going to buy some new ones.

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EXERCISES

1) COMPLETE THE SENTENCES. USE A/AN . . . ONE. USE THE WORDS FROM THE BOXES.

BETTER BIG CLEAN DIFFERENT NEW OLD

a) This cup is dirty. Can I have a clean one?

b) I’m going to sell my car and buy _______________.

c) That is not a very good photo but this is _______________!

d) I want today’s newspaper. This is _______________.

e) This box is too small. I need _______________.

f) Why do we always go to the same restaurant? Let’s go to ____________________.

2) ANSWER THE QUESTIONS USING ONE OR ONES.

Ex: Which car do you like? The red one.

a) Which box do you want? (small) _________________________.

b) Which cookies do you want? (pretty) _________________________.

c) Which shoes do you like? (comfortable) _________________________.

d) Which bag do you like? (big) _________________________.

3) FOLLOW THE EXAMPLE

Ex: Which girl is Bety? She is the girl with the blond hair.

She is the one with the blond hair.

a) Which candies would you like? The candies in the blue wrappers.

______________________________________________________________.

b) Does mom want a large cabbage or a small cabbage?

______________________________________________________________.

c) Which boy is Tom? He’s the tall boy.

______________________________________________________________.

d) Which car is the Charles’? It’s that car over there.

______________________________________________________________.

e) Which girl is Amanda? She is the girl in the red T-shirt.

______________________________________________________________.

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LISTEN AND COMPLETE Track 45

Wanda - What are you doing here in the ____________?

Penny - I’m __________________ a __________.

Wanda – There are good _______ at that store.

Penny – Let’s go ________ and check.

Wanda – Do you like that red ________.

Penny – No, the color is too __________. I prefer that blue _______.

Wanda – Are you going to _______ it on?

Penny – I’ll try on the blue ______, and the light gray ________.

Wanda – Good luck! ___________ to go now.

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Track 46

Saying what you want:

I'm looking for a black jacket.

Requests: Can / Could I try this jacket on?

Saying what is wrong:

It’s too big / small / long / short / tight.

It doesn’t look good on me.

It's the wrong color.

Askinq for alternatives:

Do you have a size 10?

Do you have it in size 10?

I'd like a smaller / larger size, please.

Does it come in another color?

Makinq decisions:

I’ll take this one.

I think I’ll look around some more. Thanks anyway.

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General

Anything else? Algo mais?

Good luck! Boa sorte!

How does it fit? Está servindo?

CLOTHES Track 47

Bathrobe - roupão de banho Panties - calcinha

Belt - cinto Pants - calças

Blazer - blazer Raincoat - capa de chuva

Blouse - blusa Scarf - cachecol

Boots - botas Shirt - camisa

Bra - sutiã Shoes - sapatos

Briefs - cueca Shorts - shorts

Cap - boné Skirt - saia

Casual clothes - roupa informal Slipper - chinelo

Coat - casaco Socks - meias

Dress - vestido Suit - terno

Dress clothes - roupa social Sweater - suéter

Gloves - luvas Sweatshirt - moleton

Handkerchief - lenço Swim suit - roupa de banho

Hat - chapéu Tennis shoes - tênis

Jacket - jaqueta Tie - gravata

Leather clothes - roupa de couro T-shirt - camiseta

Pajama - pijama

VOCABULARY Track 48

Anyway - de qualquer maneira Shoe laces - cadarços

A pair of - um par de Size - tamanho

Cabbage - repolho Tennis shoes - tênis

Cash - dinheiro vivo Toffee - caramelo

Cookies - biscoitos To try on - verbo experimentar

Discount - desconto Wrappers - embalagens

Fit - servir

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EATING OUT Track 49

Waiter – Good evening Sir.! May I help you?

Sheldon – I would like a table for two.

Waiter - Are you ready to order?

Ammy - I think I’ll have a lasagna.

Sheldon – I think I’ll have steak and French fries.

Waiter - What would you like to drink?

Ammy - For me, a glass of rose wine.

Sheldon – For me, some beer.

Waiter - Would you like some dessert?

Ammy - For me, a strawberry pie.

Sheldon – And for me just a cup of coffee.

Waiter - Here is your coffee and your dessert.

Sheldon – Thanks! And could we have the check now? How much is it?

Waiter - It is $ 55,50 Sir.

Sheldon – Do you have change for $ 100,00?

Waiter - Yes, I do. Thanks! And good night Sir.!

GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 50

WOULD LIKE

Usamos o would like para oferecer coisas.

Ex: Would you like some tea? Yes, please.

Would you like some grapes? No, thank you.

Usamos o would you like para convidar alguém.

Ex: Would you like to have lunch with us? Yes, thanks.

Would you like to travel with me? Yes, I’d love to.

Usamos o would like para dizer que queremos algo.

Ex: I’d like to ski in Barriloche.

I’d like to eat shrimp.

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A forma contraída de would é d.

Ex: I’d like to be the king.

They’d like to have your life.

O verbo would é um modal, ele não precisa de verbo auxiliar para formar negativa

e interrogativa.

Affirmative: I would like to see you dating my son.

Negative: I wouldn’t (would not) like to see you dating my daughter.

Interrogative: Would you like to date my niece?

ATTENTION!

É comum as pessoas fazerem confusão entre Would you like? / I’d like e

Do you like? / I like.

Se perguntamos:

Would you like some cake? Estamos perguntando se a pessoa quer um pouco de bolo.

Do you like cake? ( Você gosta de bolo? )

Se afirmarmos:

I’d like to go to Paris. Estou dizendo que gostaria de ir a Paris.

Se afirmarmos:

I like to go to Paris. Estou dizendo que gosto de ir a Paris.

EXERCISES

1) WHAT DO YOU SAY TO SUE IN THESE SITUATIONS? USE WOULD YOU LIKE...?

a) You want to go to the cinema tonight. Maybe Sue will go with you. ( go )

You say: Would you like to go to the cinema tonight?

b) You want to play tennis tomorrow. Maybe Sue will play too. ( play )

___________________________________________________________________?

c) You have some holiday photos. Sue hasn’t seen them yet. ( see )

___________________________________________________________________?

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d) You have an extra ticket for a concert next week. Maybe Sue will go. (go)

___________________________________________________________________?

e) It’s raining and Sue is going out. She doesn’t have an umbrella but you

have one ( borrow )

___________________________________________________________________?

2) INVITE PEOPLE TO DO THINGS AND USE WOULD YOU LIKE:

a) Convide uma pessoa para jogar futebol.

___________________________________________________________________?

b) Convide uma pessoa para ir a um show.

___________________________________________________________________?

c) Convide uma pessoa para dançar.

___________________________________________________________________?

d) Convide seu irmão para passar férias com você.

___________________________________________________________________?

3) PUT IN THE NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE:

a) They would like to visit you next Sunday.

N: _____________________________________________________.

I: _____________________________________________________?

b) She would like to sleep here tonight.

N: _____________________________________________________.

I: _____________________________________________________?

c) You would like to meet her.

N: _____________________________________________________.

I: _____________________________________________________?

d) He would like to try some of your candies.

N: _____________________________________________________.

I: _____________________________________________________?

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4) CHOOSE THE CORRECT FORM:

a) Do you like / Would you like a peach?

b) Do you like / Would you like passion fruit?

c) Do you like / Would you like traveling?

d) I like / I’d like watermelon juice.

e) I am tired. I like / I’d like to rest.

f) Do you like / Would you like to go to the theater tonight?

g) I’m hungry. I like / I’d like to eat now.

FOODS AND BEVERAGES Track 51

Bacon - bacon Lasagna - lasanha

Baked chicken - frango assado Martini - martini

Barbecue - churrasco Mashed potato - purê

Beer - cerveja Milk - leite

Bologna - mortadela Pancake - panqueca

Bread - pão Pie - torta

Butter - manteiga Pop or soft drink - refrigerante

Cheese - queijo Potato - batata

Chicken - frango Salad - salada

Chicken breast - peito de frango Sandwich - sanduíche

Chicken leg - coxa de frango Sauce - molho

Chicken wings - asa de frango Shrimp - camarão

Coffee - café Sifloin steak - contra-filé

Dessert - sobremesa Soup - sopa

Deviled eggs - ovos cozidos Spaghetti - espaguete

Fish - peixe Steak - bife

French fries - batata frita T-bone steak - bisteca

Fried chicken - frango frito Wine - vinho

Ham - presunto

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VOCABULARY Track 52

Beverages – bebidas Peach - pêssego

Concert - apresentação musical Ski - verbo esquiar

Daughter - filha Sleep – verbo dormir

Grapes - uvas Strawberry - morango

King - rei Tea - chá

Niece - sobrinha Watermelon - melancia

Passion fruit - maracujá

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Track 53

Are you ready to order? - Vocês estão prontos para pedir?

Would you like some tea? - Você gostaria de um pouco de chá?

I’d like to eat shrimp. - Eu gostaria de comer camarão.

I wouldn’t like to see you dating my daughter. - Eu não gostaria de ver você

namorando minha filha.

MY NEW JOB Track 54

Paul – Do you think you will be happy in your new job Nick?

Nick – I am sure I will. I’ve just finished University and it’s a great

opportunity for me to teach at Panora High School.

Paul – Will you work part time?

Nick – No, I will work full time.

Paul – When will you start?

Nick – I’ll start after the holiday. The opportunity is great but I will have to

work very hard because the school has a high level of education.

Paul – I wasn’t supposed to ask you about it, but I’m curious. How much will you

make montly?

Nick – Well, I’ll make $ 5000,00 plus health care and other benefits.

Paul – Oh, I see. But if you work full time, you won’t be able to get your

master’s degree.

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Nick – I’ll take a course in the evening. The State University offers many

master’s courses in the evening.

Paul – Ok, good luck in your new job!

GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 55

FUTURE WITH WILL

Affirmative

I will get married next year. ( Vou casar ano que vem. )

We will build a new house. ( Nós vamos construir uma casa nova. )

Interroqative

Will you feed the dog? ( Você alimentará o cachorro? )

Will he forgive you? ( Ele perdoará você? )

Neqative

They will not (won’t) take care of our horses. ( Eles não vão cuidar dos

nossos cavalos. )

We will not (won't) hang your clothes in our closet. ( Nós não vamos

pendurar suas roupas no nosso guarda roupa.)

SHORT FORM ( FORMA CONTRAÍDA ) SHORT ANSWERS ( RESPOSTAS CURTAS )

I’ll work. Will you tell him?

You’ll work. Yes, I will. / No, I won’t.

He’ll work.

She’ll work.

It’ll work.

We’ll work.

You’ll work.

They’ll work.

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EXAMPLES:

Usamos will + verbo no infinitivo (will be/will win/will come/will eat/ etc.)

Ann travels a lot. Today she is in Madrid. Tomorrow she’ll be in Rome.

You can phone me this evening. I’ll be at home.

Leave the old bread in the garden. The birds will eat it.

We’ll probably go out this evening.

Will you be at home this evening?

I won’t be here tomorrow.

I don’t think it will rain this afternoon.

Do you think the exam will be difficult?

Obs: Não usamos Will para coisas que combinamos ou decidimos fazer, neste caso

usa-se going to.

We’re going to the movies on Saturday.

Are you going to do the exam?

They’re going with us.

EXERCISES

1) WRITE IN THE FUTURE TENSE:

a) I practice with my band on Mondays.

I will practice with my band on Mondays.

b) I wake up at 10:00 am on Sundays.

______________________________________________________.

c) On Fridays I have fun at the amusement park.

______________________________________________________.

d) They go out on Saturdays.

______________________________________________________.

e) She spends her vacations in Scotland.

______________________________________________________.

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2) PUT IN THE NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE OF THE FUTURE FORM:

a) Steve will return next month.

N: ___________________________________________________.

I: ___________________________________________________?

b) The doctor will find a solution for my problem.

N: ___________________________________________________.

I: ___________________________________________________?

c) She will stay here for one more month.

N: ___________________________________________________.

I: ___________________________________________________?

d) You will fly on Sunday.

N: ___________________________________________________.

I: ___________________________________________________?

e) The president will leave the country on the weekend.

N: ___________________________________________________.

I: ___________________________________________________?

3) PUT IN ENGLISH:

a) Ele virá no sábado.

______________________________.

b) Eu vou fazer o jantar.

______________________________.

c) Ela vai cortar o seu cabelo.

______________________________.

d) Nós vamos lavar o carro.

______________________________.

e) Você vai aprender inglês.

______________________________.

110
4) USE WILL OR WON’T:

a) Don’t drink coffee before you go to bed. You won’t sleep.

b) Are you ready? Not yet. I be ______ ready in 5 minutes.

c) I'm going away for a few days. I’m leaving tonight, so I _______ be at

home tomorrow.

d) It _______ rain, so you don’t need to take an umbrella.

e) A: I don’t feel very well this evening.

B: Well, go to bed early and you _______ feel better in the morning.

f) It’s Bill’s birthday next Monday. He ________ be 25.

g) I’m sorry I was late this morning. It ________ happen again.

5) WRITE SENTENCES BEGINNING WITH I THINK OR I DONT THINK:

a) ( Diana will pass the exam ) I think Diana will pass the exam.

b) ( Diana won’t pass the exam ) I don’t think Diana will pass the exam.

c) ( We’ll win the game ) _______________________________________.

d) ( I won’t be there tomorrow ) _______________________________________.

e) ( Sue will like her present ) _______________________________________.

f) ( They won’t get married ) _______________________________________.

g) ( You won’t enjoy the film ) _______________________________________.

TALKING ON THE PHONE Track 56

Amanda – Harold News office, may I help you?

Brian - This is Brian Peterson. I would like to talk to John White, the

reporter.

Amanda – I’m sorry but he isn’t in the office right now.

Brian – What time can I find him there today?

Amanda – He will not be here this whole week. Would you like to leave a message?

Brian – Oh, yes. Please tell him that I have some information about some

strange marks in the soybean field. If he wants he can call me at

775-2684.

Amanda – Ok Mr. Peterson, I’ll give him your message.

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Sometime later ... ... ...

John – Hello!

Amanda – John, this is Amanda!

John – Hi Amanda! Is there something for me?

Amanda – Yes, a man named Brian Peterson called this morning and he said

something about the marks in the soybean field.

John – Oh my goodness! Do you have his phone number?

Amanda – It’s 775 ...

John – Hold on, I have to get a pen and a piece of paper to write it down...

Go ahead Amanda!

Amanda – Ok! It’s 775-2684. Did you get it?

John – Yes, thanks for calling Amanda.

Sometime later ... ... ...

Woman – Hello!

John – May I speak to Brian Peterson?

Woman – He is not here. May I take a message?

John – No, thanks. I’ll call back later. What time is he going to be at home?

Woman – Around 7:00 pm.

John – Thanks a lot, bye!

COMMUNICATION FOCUS Track 57

TALKING ON THE PHONE

Saying your name: This is Brian Peterson / It’s Brian.

Asking for somebody: May I speak to Brian Peterson? Is Brian there?

Taking and leaving messages: May I take / leave a message? / Can you take

a message? / Would you like to leave a message?

Making decisions:

I’ll call back later.

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LISTEN AND WRITE Track 58

LISTEN TO THE MESSAGE ON THE ANSWERING MACHINE AND WRITE DOWN THE INFORMATION.

To: ______________________________. From: ______________________________.

Message: _______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Caller’s phone number: _______________________________.

To: ______________________________. From: ______________________________.

Message: _______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Caller’s phone number: _______________________________.

TIPS: TITLES Track 59

Mr. is used for men.

Ms. is used for married, single or divorced women.

Miss is used for single women.

Mrs. is used for married women.

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VOCABULARY Track 60

About - sobre / mais ou menos Master’s - mestrado

Amusement park - parque de diversão May - poder ( permissão )

Around - em volta Message - mensagem

Ask - verbos pedir / perguntar More - mais

Back – costas / atrás Named - chamado

Be able - ser capaz de News – notícias

Benefits – benefícios Next - próximo

Build - verbo construir Offer(s) - verbo oferecer

Care - verbo cuidar Opportunity – oportunidade

Closet - guarda roupa Practise - verbo praticar

Confirm - verbo confirmar President - presidente

Courses - cursos Problem - problema

Curious - curioso Plus - mais

Daily – diariamente Reporter - repórter

Field – plantação / campo Return – retorno / verbo retornar

Find - verbo achar / encontrar Right now - agora / imediatamente

Full - cheio Spend - verbo gastar

Great – grande / ótimo Strange - estranho

Hang - verbo pendurar Solution - solução

Health - saúde Sorry - desculpa

High school - ensino médio Soybean - soja

Holiday - feriado Sure - certo

Hope - esperança Tell - verbo dizer ( contar )

Job - trabalho Think - verbo pensar

Level - nível Time - tempo / vez

Luck – sorte University - universidade

Marks – marcas / notas Weekend - final de semana

Marry - verbo casar

114
THE TV NEWS Track 61

Ane - Hey, Jimmy! You saw on TV about the boat that sank yesterday, didn’t you?

Jimmy - No, I didn’t. I haven’t watched television recently. What happened?

Ane - There were some guys fishing when a strong storm started. The waves got

very rough and the boat flipped, tossing the three fishermen into the

water.

Jimmy - They didn’t die, did they?

Ane - No, they were rescued by the Coast guard.

Jimmy - Oh, thank God! And how long did they stay in the water?

Ane - They stayed in the water 16 hours! They were lucky because they were

wearing life jackets. Hum... Why haven’t you watched TV recently? You were

busy with you work again, weren’t you?

Jimmy - No, I wasn’t working. I was traveling. I went to the beach and when I go

to the beach I don’t like watching TV.

GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 62

QUESTION TAG

Usamos o question tag para mostrar que estamos interessados ou surpresos.

O question tag sempre será formado da seguinte maneira:

Sentença positiva - question tag negativa

Jimmy you saw on TV about the boat that sank, didn’t you?

Sentença negativa - question tag positiva

They didn’t die, did they?

O tempo verbal do question tag é o mesmo da sentença:

It’s hot today, isn’t it?

She plays the guitar, doesn’t she?

They didn’t pay the bill, did they?

He will be at the club tomorrow, won’t he?

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EXERCISES

1) COMPLETE WITH THE TAG QUESTION IN THE NEGATIVE:

a) She was born in Paris, _______________?

b) The ice is melting, ______________?

c) They will throw the rock, _____________?

d) Mark hits the ball, _____________?

e) You light the fire, _____________?

f) Your father reads the newspaper every day, ____________?

2) COMPLETE WITH THE TAG QUESTION IN THE AFFIRMATIVE:

a) The star is not shining, ____________?

b) He doesn’t grow cucumbers in the garden, _____________?

c) He didn’t lend money to you, ___________?

d) The phone won’t ring aloud, ____________?

e) They weren’t at home, ____________?

f) Those people are not your friends, ____________?

3) COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT QUESTION TAG:

a) Sandra wrote a book about English, ____________?

b) Some people don’t eat breakfast, ____________?

c) Eating before sleeping is not good, ____________?

d) Marcelo will ride a horse next month, ____________?

e) There was a tree behind the house, ____________?

f) Teacher Lucas likes rock music, ____________?

116
THE ZOO Track 63

Martin - Let’s go to the zoo! I love to see animals!

Penny - So do I Martin. But I just hate snakes and lizards. I can’t stand these

reptiles.

Martin - We don’t have to go to the reptiles section, because I hate snakes and

lizards too.

Penny - Have you ever seen a white bear, Martin?

Martin - No, I haven't seen one. And you?

Penny - I haven’t seen one either.

Martin - Last time I went to the zoo, I saw a big crocodile and at night I had

dreams of being chased by hungry crocodiles.

Penny - Do you know that the population of alligators is getting very big in

the Pantanal? Anybody can hunt or kill any alligator.

Martin - I would get very scared. I wouldn’t like to visit there.

Penny - Neither would I. Now are we going to stay here talking or are we going

to go to the zoo?

Martin - Let’s go to the zoo. My father will take us there.

Penny - Why don’t we invite Tony to go too?

Martin - I have invited him, but he won’t come.

GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 64

AGREE AND DISAGREE

TOO AND EITHER

O too e o either são usados para concordar, a diferença é que o too é para

frases afirmativas e o either para frases negativas. Ambos são traduzidos e

usados no final da sentença.

Ex: too - I hate snakes and lizards too.

Ex: either - I haven’t seen either.

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SO AND NEITHER

O so e o neither tambêm são usados para concordar. O so é usado para

frases afirmativas e o neither para frases negativas.

Ex: so - I love seeing animals! So do I Martin.

Ex: neither - I wouldn’t like to visit there. Neither would I.

DISAGREEING

Para discordar de uma pessoa, é necessário usar o verbo auxiliar na negativa

quando a pessoa diz a frase na afirmativa. E quando a pessoa diz a frase na

negativa, usar o auxiliar na afirmativa.

Ex: I like cleaning my house. I don’t.

She studied a lot for the test. I didn’t.

She is not feeling well. I am.

They won’t go to the Prom. We will.

MORE EXAMPLES

1) Americans love to fish. So do Brazilians.

2) She would like to start this week. So would I.

3) They should finish their work before six o’clock. So should we.

4) They will use the internet now. So will I.

5) He was so tired after the game. So was I.

6) He is looking for a new job. So am I.

7) I was thinking about the new project. So was I.

8) I work in a bank. So do I.

9) I was late for work today. So was Tom.

10) We went to the cinema last night. So did we.

11) I’d like to go to Australia. So would I.

12) I don’t have money. Neither have I.

13) Ann can’t cook. Neither can Tom.

14) I never go to the cinema. Neither do I.

15) I want to go. So do we.

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16) She wants beer. So do I.

17) I want to study. I don’t.

18) They went to school. We didn’t.

19) I was sleeping. So was I.

20) They were studying. You weren’t.

21) I don’t like ants. Neither do I.

22) They weren’t there. Neither was she.

23) Paul didn’t go home yet. Neither did we.

24) She isn’t boring. Neither is her sister.

25) He doesn’t do his homework. Neither does she.

26) I don’t like him. We do.

27) She didn’t invite them. He did.

28) He wasn’t at the office. Mary was.

29) I have two brothers. So do I.

30) She can swim very well. So can he.

31) We were busy yesterday. So was she.

32) He is her friend. So am I.

33) They went to the mall. So did we.

34) She will be there. So will I.

35) I don’t have any sisters. Neither do I.

36) She can’t play any instruments. Neither can he.

37) She isn’t a secretary. Neither am I.

38) They weren’t at the party. Neither was I.

39) I didn’t go to the game. Neither did I.

40) I won’t stay home tonight. Neither will I.

41) I wouldn’t do that. Neither would he.

42) He met the president. So did I.

43) He will travel tomorrow. So will I.

44) I can jump from here. So can I.

45) I can’t use a word processor. Neither can I.

46) I don’t enjoy sales work. Neither do I.

47) I don’t want to work on the weekends. Neither do I.

119
48) My brother doesn’t like to work at night. Neither do I.

49) Her father doesn’t study French. Neither do I.

50) He will go to the park on the weekend. So will I.

EXERCISES

1) PUT TOO OR EITHER:

a) I’m happy. I’m happy too.

b) I’m not hungry. I’m not hungry __________.

c) I’m going out. I’m going out __________.

d) It rained on Saturday. It rained on Sunday __________.

e) Jenny can’t drive a car. She can’t ride a motorcycle __________.

f) I don’t like shopping. I don’t like shopping __________.

g) Jane’s mother is a teacher. Her father is a teacher __________.

2) ANSWER WITH SO AM I / SO DO I / SO CAN I / etc.

a) I went to bed late last night. So did I.

b) I’m thirsty. __________.

c) I need a holiday. __________.

d) I’ll be late tomorrow. __________.

e) I was very tired this morning. __________.

f) I have breakfast at 6:30 am every day. __________.

3) PUT IN TOO OR NEITHER:

a) They didn’t lay under the bed. __________.

b) I forget things easily. __________.

c) We won’t hold the rope for you. _________.

d) My father is studying English. __________.

e) I don’t have an automatic car. __________.

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4) DISAGREE:

a) I don’t live with my brother. __________.

b) She doesn’t make her bed. __________.

c) We like diving. __________.

d) He took the medicine. __________.

e) Mr. Paiva won’t correct the tests. __________.

5) CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER FOR EACH OPINION, THEN GIVE YOURS.

a) I think single people have more fun than married people.

( ) Neither do I ( ) Oh, no. ( ) I think so, too.

b) I hate those stupid games on TV.

( ) So do I ( ) I don’t think so, either. ( ) Yes, they are.

c) I think smoking should be made illegal.

( ) So do I ( ) Yes, I agree. ( ) Oh, come on!

d) I don’t think people will ever live on the moon.

( ) I don’t think so, either ( ) Neither can I ( ) Yes I know.

e) I don’t think there are many good movies these days.

( ) So do I. ( ) Neither do I ( ) I don’t know.

f) I think they should make gambling illegal.

( ) Oh, I do ( ) I agree with you ( ) I don’t think so either.

121
VOCABULARY Track 65

Again - de novo Lay - verbo deitar

Alligator – jacaré Lend - verbo emprestar

Aloud – alto Life jacket - colete salva vidas

Blew up - verbo soprar no passado Light - luz / claro / leve

Born - verbo nascer Lizard - lagarto

Bored – chateado / entediado Melt - verbo derreter

Bother - verbo incomodar Neither – nem / também não

Bill - conta Prom – baile de formatura

Chapel - capela Population - população

Chased – perseguido Recently - recentemente

Coast guard - guarda costeira Reptile - réptil

Correct - correto Rescued - salvos

Crocodile – crocodilo Ring - anel

Cucumber – pepino Rope - corda

Dreams - sonhos Rough – duro (a) / áspero / rude

Diving – mergulho Sank - afundou

Easily - facilmente Saw - viu

Examinations – provas Shine - verbo brilhar

Flipped - virou ( v ) Skydive - paraquedismo

Fisherman - pescador Snakes - cobras

Guys - caras Storm - tempestade

Hate - verbo odiar Strong - forte

Hit - verbo bater Tear - verbo rasgar

Hold - verbo segurar Tossing - lançando

Hunt - verbo caçar Travel – verbo viajar

Invite - verbo convidar Throw - verbo lançar / jogar

Kill - verbo matar Waves - ondas

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USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Track 66

What happened? - O que aconteceu?

Thank God! - Graças a Deus!

I can’t stand! - Eu não suporto!

CD 03

THE MAGAZINE Track 02

Vera - What are you reading Sean?

Sean - I am reading this magazine, and there is a questionnaire here.

Vera - Can I answer it?

Sean - Yes, you can. It will tell you how ambitious you are.

Vera – Ok. Read the first question to me please!

Sean - Do you always take competitions and games seriously, even when they are

just for fun?

Vera - Yes, I do. I hate not to win any kind of competition. I am not a loser.

Sean - Do you work hard at things that are important for your future?

Vera - Oh! Yes I do. I think that if I don’t care about my future, nobody will.

Sean - Do you study better if your mother or father is watching you?

Vera - No, I don’t. I know what I’m supposed to do. I am very responsible with

my studying.

Sean - Do you feel happy when somebody praises you for doing something well?

Vera - I sure do. I think every person feels happy when he or she is praised.

Sean - Do you get angry if something that you organize very carefully goes

wrong?

Vera - No, I don’t I’m very calm in a situation that is not working very well.

Sean - If you had to compete with a person who is younger than you and you knew

you could win, would you give your best in the competition?

Vera - Sure I would give my best. As I told you before. I hate losing.

Sean - If you get a worse grade than a friend in a school test, do you tear up

your test paper angrily?

123
Vera - No, I don’t. Because if I got a worse grade than a friend that would mean

that he studied more than me, and I must study as hard as him.

Sean - If you see a friend with difficulty in doing school work would you help

willingly?

Vera - Yes, I would. Because I belive you reap what you sow.

Sean - I didn’t understand your answer.

Vera - It means that whatever I do for people will get back to me.

Sean - Ok, now I got it. This was the last question. Here it says, if you

answered four or more with yes, you are ambitious and competitive, but

your ambition doesn’t rule your life. And you answered five yes.

GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 03

ADVERBS OF MANNER

Os adjetivos nos dizem como alguém ou alguma coisa é. Eles descrevem

substantivos e pronomes.

He is slow.

Os advérbios de modo nos dizem como alguém faz alguma coisa. Eles descrevem

verbos.

He talks slowly.

Regras dos advérbios

1) Acrescenta-se ly ao adjetivo

Adjetivos Advérbios

Slow Slowly

Quiet Quietly

2) Quando terminar em y tira-se o mesmo e acrescenta-se ily.

Adjetivos Advérbios

Easy Easily

Angry Angrily

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3) Se terminar em le muda para ly.

Adjetivos Advérbios

Terrible Terribly

Simple Simply

4) Irregulares

Adjetivos Advérbios

Hard Hard

Fast Fast

Late Late

Straight Straight

Early Early

Good Well

5) Nem todas as palavras que terminam em ly são advérbios. Alguns adjetivos

também terminam em ly.

friendly, lively, elderly, silly, lovely, ugly.

6) A palavra hardly significa: muito pouco, quase nunca.

We went out last night but he hardly spoke to me.

He says he doesn’t have a job but he hardly tried to find one.

125
EXERCISES

1) CHOOSE THE RIGHT ANSWER:

a) Paul never talks serious / seriously.

b) I am mad with Stan. He never arrives at work punctual / punctually.

c) My neighbor in the apartment above mine always plays music loud / loudly.

d) Tim never has money because he spends his money silly / in a silly way.

e) Mike is very angry / angrily because somebody used his clothes.

f) Jane is a careful / carefully driver.

g) He doesn’t speak English good / well.

h) He is working hard / hardly because he wants to buy a new car.

2) WRITE IF THE UNDERLINED WORD IS ADJECTIVE OR ADVERB:

a) In an early morning we saw them arriving here. ______________.

b) They went to bed early. _______________.

c) This is a hard test. _______________.

d) He studied hard for the test. _______________.

e) He is a fast runner. _______________.

f) He runs fast. _______________.

RUNNING AWAY Track 04

Patty - Have you decided what you are going to do with your life Nathan?

Nathan - I have decided to leave my parent’s house because they are too strict

with me.

Patty - I hate saying this to you, don’t get mad at me, but you are wrong

Nathan.

Nathan - Wrong Patty!? You haven’t gone through the things I have gone through

with my parents. Have you ever had your father go to a party to pick

you up at midnight, and the next days all your friends make fun of you

at school because of it? I don’t mind doing some of the things they

tell me, but others are too stupid.

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Patty - OK. I want to stop trying to make you give up your idea about running

away from home. Where are you going to go?

Nathan – I’m going to go to Los Angeles, I’ve always enjoyed reading about LA.

It is a terrific city in my opinion.

Patty - I think you forgot that to live there you will need some money, a job

and a place to stay. Nathan, talk to your parents. I am sure they’ll

understand your point of view and everything will be alright. If you go

to LA you will be in trouble.

Nathan – Ok Patty. I’ll try one more time to talk to my parents, see you later.

One day later … … …

Patty - Hello.

Nathan – This is Nathan.

Patty - So, have things worked out Nathan?

Nathan - I talked to my parents and they understood everything I told them.

Patty - I am really glad you straightened things out with your parents.

Nathan - Patty I want to say that you are a great friend. Thanks for the advice

you have given me.

Patty - That’s what friends are for, Nathan.

GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 05

VERB + TO ( I want to do )

VERB + ING ( I enjoy doing )

Quando temos um verbo depois de outro em uma sentença, o segundo verbo poderá

estar no infinitivo ou no gerúndio.

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VERB + TO

Offer - oferecer Plan - planejar

Promisse - prometer Refuse - recusar

Manage - gerenciar/lidar/conseguir Deserve - merecer

Fail - falhar Aim – apontar, mirar (arma, etc.)

Decided - dicidir ( decidido ) Arrange – organizar/providenciar

Agree - concordar Attempt - esforçar-se

Threaten - ameaçar Afford - proporcionar, oferecer

Hope - ter esperança Forget - esquecer

Em uma frase sempre que houver outro verbo depois dos verbos acima, ele

estará no infinitivo.

Ex: I have decided to leave my parents house.

I think you forgot to think.

VERB + ING

Stop - parar Risk - arriscar

Miss – perder / sentir falta Enjoy - desfrutar / curtir / gostar

Avoid - evitar Consider - considerar

Love – amar / adorar Postpone - adiar

Delay – demorar / atrasar Practice - praticar

Involve - envolver Mind – se importar

Deny - negar Admit - admitir

Suggest - sugerir Imagine - imaginar

Fancy – imaginar / fantasiar Hate - odiar

Finish - terminar

Em uma frase sempre que houver outro verbo depois dos verbos acima, ele

estará no gerúndio ou seja irá receber ing.

I hate saying this to you...

I don’t mind doing.

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Alguns verbos aceitam tanto o infinitivo to como o gerúndio ing.

start - continue - begin - prefer

I started reading a new book.

I started to read a new book.

He began shouting at me.

He began to shout at me.

EXERCISES

1) PUT THE VERB ON THE RIGHT FORM “TO” OR “ING”:

a) I enjoy _______________.( swim )

b) What do you want _____________?( do ).

c) I learned ____________( speak ) in English three years ago.

d) I’m trying ___________( pay ) attention. Please stop __________.( fight )

e) Have you finished ___________( wash ) the car?

f) The test will be difficult, so I suggest ___________( study ) a lot.

g) Tell Paul I need ____________( talk ) to him.

h) Can you believe it? Mary refused _____________( talk ) to me.

i) I prefer ____________( eat ) pasta and sandwich.

j) Why did the baby start _____________? ( cry ).

2) USE YOUR IDEAS TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCES. USE “TO” OR “ING”.

a) I love ____________________.

b) She doesn’t mind ____________________.

c) They need ____________________.

d) He admitted ____________________.

e) He decided ____________________.

f) I forgot ____________________.

g) Carl denied ____________________.

h) We planned ____________________.

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LISTEN AND COMPLETE Track 06

a) My father would like _______________ you.

b) Does she like _______________?

c) I don’t want _______________ here anymore.

d) She promised _______________ me.

e) We don’t fancy _______________ too much TV.

f) Wilson _______________ talking to me.

g) I can’t afford _______________ this apartment.

h) I hope _______________ her at home.

VOCABULARY Track 07

Advice - conselho Consider - verbo considerar

Admit - verbo admitir Could - verbo modal poderia

Afford – proporcionar / dar-se ao luxo Decide - verbo decidir

Agree - verbo concordar Delay - atrasar

Aim – apontar Deny - verbo negar

Ambitious – ambicioso Deserve - verbo merecer

Answer - verbo responder Elderly - idoso

Angry – bravo / zangado Enjoy – curtir / desfrutar

Angrily - com muita raiva Fail - verbo falhar

Arrange - verbo arrumar / combinar Fancy - verbo imaginar / supor

Attempt - verbo tentar Friendly - amigável

Avoid - verbo evitar Fun - divertido

Badly – maldosamente Future - futuro

Care - verbo cuidar Hardly - dificilmente

Calm – calmo Imagine - imagine

Careful - cuidadoso Important - importante

Carefully - cuidadosamente Involve - verbo envolver

Compete - verbo competir Kids - crianças

Competitive - competitivo Kind - tipo / gentil / bondoso

Competition – competição Leave - verbo deixar / partir

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Lively - vivo Silly - bobo

Love - amor Slowly - vagarosamente

Loser - perdedor Simple - simple

Loud - alto ( para som ) Simply - simplesmente

Loudly - ruidosamente Situation - situação

Make fun - tirar sarro Somebody - alguém

Manage – gerenciar / conseguir Slightly - ligeiramente

Mind - prestar atenção a Stop - verbo parar

Miss – perder / sentir falta ) Stupid - idiota

Must - dever Straight - direto

Organize - verbo organizar Straighten out - endireitar-se

Plan - verbo planejar Strict - severo (a)

Postpone - verbo adiar Suggest - verbo sugerir

Point of view - ponto de vista Tear up - verbo rasgar

Pick up - pegar Threaten - verbo ameaçar

Punctual - pontual Terrible - terrível

Punctually - pontualmente Terribly - extremamente

Praises - elogiar Terrific - explêndido / maravilhoso

Question - pergunta Test paper - prova

Questionnaire - questionário To be supposed to – ser considerado

Quiet - quieto Trouble – problema / dificuldade

Quietly - calmamente Ugly - feio

Refuse - verbo recusar Willingly - de boa vontade

Responsible - responsável Win - verbo vencer

Risk - verbo arriscar Work out - dar certo, malhar

Rule – regra / régua Whatever - seja o que for

Run away - fugir Wrong - errado

Seriously - seriamente

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USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Track 08

I work hard. - Eu trabalho bastante.

You have to give your best. - Você tem que dar o seu melhor.

You reap what you sow - O que você semeia, você colhe.

That’s what friends are for - É para isso que os amigos servem.

AT THE GROECERY STORE Track 09

Anne - B.J., do you have time to go with me to buy groceries?

B.J. - Yes, I do. Have you gotten the grocery list?

Anne - I sure do. I never go to buy groceries without a list.

Later ...

Anne - Let’s start buying vegetables. Can you get a few tomatoes? I want to make

a salad for dinner tonight. Get a few onions too.

B.J. - I am hot. I am going to drink a little water. Do you want some?

Anne – No, thanks. There are a lot of different kinds of tomato sauce in that

corner. Get one of the cheapest ones, please.

B.J. - Here is the tomato sauce.

Anne - How much is it?

B.J. - It is $0,60 cents. I saw many imported products over there.

Anne - Forget it! I know you want to buy that imported beer, but the problem is

that you drink too much when have alcoholic beverages at home.

B.J. - Aren’t you going to take my favorite fruit? Do you know that I like to

drink fresh juice?

Anne – Ok. Get some pinapples and a few kiwis and some strawberries, because I

love eating it with whipped cream.

B.J. - Here are the fruits. Are you buying the whole grocery store? Look at the

cart. It’s full, we’ll need another one!

Anne - Seems like I am the only person that eats at our house. Talking about

eating, B.J., you have to lose weight. You are too fat!

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B.J. - It’s not my fault. I am putting some weight on because you cook delicious

dishes.

Anne - How many milk cartons have you put here?

B.J. - Two. Let’s go and pay for the groceries.

GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 10

QUANTIFIERS: lots of / much / many / a few / a little / plenty of / a lot of.

Usamos a lot of ( lots of ) com substantivos incontáveis e com substantivos no

plural.

Ex: There are a lot of different tomatoes here.

That’s a lot of coffee.

Much / Many

O much e o many são comuns em frases interrogativas e negativas.

Usamos much com substantivos incontáveis. (equivalente a “quanto” em português)

Ex: How much money do we have?

She hasn’t got much money at the moment.

Usamos many com substantivos contáveis (equivalente a “quantos” em português)

Ex: How many milk cartons have you put there?

I have many books in my personal library.

A little

Usamos a little com substantivos incontáveis. A little tem significado positivo

e de quantia pequena.

Ex: Let me drink a little water.

I want a little soup.

Little ( sem a ) tem um significado negativo, de só um pouco.

Ex: We must be quick, there is little time before the class starts.

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A few

Usamos a few com substantivos no plural. Ele tem um significado positivo de

uma quantia pequena.

Ex: I went to São Paulo a few days ago.

Get a few oranges.

Few ( sem a ) tem um significado negativo, só um pouco.

Ex: I have few friends who are really trustful.

Plenty of

É usado antes de substantivos incontáveis e substantivos no plural e dá ideia

de mais do que suficiente.

Ex: I had plenty of food. I don’t want anymore.

Don’t worry. I’ve got plenty of money to pay for both of us.

MORE EXAMPLES:

She didn’t eat anything but she drank a little water.

I speak a little Spanish.

Can you speak Spanish? Yes, a little.

There was a little food in the fridge. It was nearly empty.

They have a little money. They are very poor.

Last night I wrote a few letters.

We’re going away for a few days.

I speak a few words in Spanish.

Are there any shops in the village? Yes, a few.

There were few people in the park. It was nearly empty.

I have a few friends.

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EXERCISES

1) COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH MANY OR MUCH.

a) You don’t have so __________ money to spend on so __________ things!

b) There’s not __________ to say about her.

c) __________ TV channels are now available.

d) There are not __________ good movies on exhibition this weekend.

e) We had too __________ information at the meeting.

2) COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH LITTLE OR FEW.

a) ________ students knew how to do the exercise.

b) Some years ago all those patients had ________ chances to survive.

c) The train leaves in 10 minutes! Hurry up! You have ________ time.

d) I live in a ________ house far from here.

e) They started getting rich ________ by ________.

3) COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH A FEW OR A LITTLE.

a) The bottle of wine was almost empty. There was just ________.

b) The airport was almost empty. Just ________ people were there.

c) Don’t you think you have been ________ rude to her?

d) Do you have any money? Yes, ________.

e) Do you have envelopes? Yes, ________.

f) Do you want sugar in your coffee? Yes, ________, please.

g) Did you take any photos when you were at the holiday? Yes, ________.

h) Does your friend speak English? Yes, ________.

i) Are the any factories in this town? Yes, ________.

4) PUT IN LITTLE / A LITTLE / FEW / A FEW.

a) There was ________ food in the fridge. It was nearly empty.

b) When did Sarah go out? ________ minutes ago.

c) I can’t decide now. I need ________ time to think about it.

d) There was ________ traffic, so we arrived earlier than we expected.

e) Would you like some soup? Yes, ________ please.

f) I’d like to practice my English more, but I have ________ opportunities.

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5) PUT IN A LOT OF / MUCH / MANY.

a) I like listening to music. I have ________ Cds.

b) It costs ________ money to study abroad.

c) There isn’t ________ flour.

d) Hurry up! We haven’t ________ time to get there.

e) How ________ cars does your father have?

f) We looked at ________ apartments to find one that we liked.

g) Does she have ________ friends?

h) Did you enjoy the trip? No, not ________.

i) I like to go to the beach in the summer because there are ________ girls

6) COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING PLENTY OF AND THE WORDS BELOW:

money — food — time — hotels — different colors.

a) She doesn’t have financial problem. She has ____________________.

b) We are not hungry. We had ____________________.

c) You don’t have to run because we have ____________________.

d) I need a place to stay. Don’t worry, there are _______________ in this city.

e) You are going to find your favorite color because there are _______________.

THE ADVENTURE Track 11

Júlia - Denis, have you ever read any interesting stories about people that have

done amazing things?

Denis - Yes, I have. And you?

Júlia - I’ve read about Joshua Slocum, the American who was the first man to

sail around the world by himself.

Denis – Wow! I bet it was quite an adventure.

Júlia - He wanted to sail but he didn’t have money to buy a boat. So he bought

an old boat that was rootting in a field and rebuilt it by himself.

Denis - What an incredible story! I can’t see myself sailing for months. When

you need to do something like mend a sail or cut the hair, you have to

do it all by yourself because there isn’t anybody to help.

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Júlia - Nowadays a lot of people have sailed by themselves. But there are lots

of differences because they have a lot of technology to help them during

the journey.

Denis - Technologies that Mr. Slocum didn’t have.

Júlia - We could plan to sail around the world by ourselves. Denis, would you

go if it was possible?

Denis - Sure I would. I love adventures.

GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 12

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

Pronouns Reflexive

I myself

You yourself

He himself

She herself

It itself

We ourselves

You yourselves

They themselves

Usamos um pronome reflexivo depois de um verbo quando o sujeito e o objeto

são a mesma pessoa.

Who has done it?

I’ve done it myself.

I hurt myself with a hammer.

By myself / by ourselves.

I traveled by myself.

They are at home by themselves.

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More:

I looked at myself in the mirror.

He cut himself with a knife.

She fell off her bike but she didn’t hurt herself.

Please help yourself ( sirva-se )

Please help yourselves ( sirvam-se )

We had a good holiday. We enjoyed ourselves.

They had a nice time. They enjoyed themselves.

EXERCISES

1) COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS.

a) They burned _______________ in the camping.

b) She cut _______________ with a knife.

c) The man shot _______________ with a gun.

d) We paid for _______________.

e) I fell off the ladder and I hurt _______________.

f) The children enjoyed _______________ at the party.

g) You dry _______________. I will not dry for you.

h) Mark looked at _______________ in the mirror.

2) MAKE SENTENCES WITH BY:

a) I painted the car. I painted the car _______________.

b) She traveled alone. She ____________________________.

c) They washed the rug. They __________________________.

d) Mary cleaned the house. Mary _______________________.

e) You did the dishes. You ____________________________.

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3) COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH MYSELF / YOURSELF / ETC.

a) He took care of _________________.

b) They took care of _________________.

c) We took care of _________________.

d) She took care of _________________.

e) Did you take care of _________________?

f) The children didn’t take care of _________________.

g) My sister and I took care of _________________.

4) USE IN THESE SENTENCES: MYSELF / YOURSELF / ETC.

a) He looked at _______________ in the mirror.

b) I’m not angry with you. I'm angry with _______________.

c) Margaret had a nice time in London. She enjoyed _______________.

d) He never thinks about other people. He only thinks about _______________.

e) I want to know more about you. Tell me about _______________.

VOCABULARY Track 13

Abroad - fora do país (estrangeiro) Condensed milk – leite condensado

Adventure - aventura Corner – esquina, canto

Alcoholic - alcoólico Cut – verbo cortar

A lot of - muito Dear – querido(a) / caro (a)

Anybody - ninguém Delicious - delicioso

Apartment - apartamento During - durante

Bet - verbo apostar Fault – culpa / falha

Bougth – passado de buy (comprar) Few – pouco (os)

Burned – passado de burn (queimar) Flour - farinha

Buy - verbo comprar Financial - financeiro

Cart - carrinho de supermercado Fresh - fresco

Carton - caixa (leite, suco, etc) Fridge - geladeira

Cents - centavos Gotten – conseguido (get)

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Groceries - compras Possible - possível

Grocery store - supermercado Put on - verbo colocar

Hammer - martelo Pinapple - abacaxi

Herself - ela mesma / sozinha Products - produtos

Hungry - com fome Quite - bastante

Hurt - verbo machucar Rebuilt - reconstruir

Imported - importado Rug - tapete

Incredible - incrível Sailed - navegou, passado de sail

Interesting - interessante Sauce - molho

Itself - ele mesmo / sozinho Seems - verbo parecer

Journey - viagem Shot - tiro / injeção

Knife - faca Story - estória

Kiwi - kiwi Strawberry - morango

Ladder - escada Sure - certo

Lose - verbo perder Take care - cuidar de

Little - um pouco Technology - tecnologia

List - lista Themselves - eles mesmos

Men - homens Time - tempo / hora

Moment - momento Tonight - esta noite

Much - muito Trip - viagem

Myself - eu mesmo / sozinho Was - era, estava

Never - nunca Weight - peso

Onion - cebola Whipped cream - chantily

Over - acabado / sobre With - com

Ourselves - nós mesmos Without - sem

Pay - verbo pagar Yourself - você mesmo / sozinho

Plenty of – muito de Yourselves - vocês mesmos

Personal - pessoal

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THE MONSTER Track 14

Naiara - Have you heard anything about the mysterious monster that has appeared

in the lake of our city?

Lucas - Yes, I have. Hundreds of people have reported seeing a large animal in

the lake.

Naiara - I haven’t been around the lake since I heard that story. I think I will

not show up there soon.

Lucas - I have read that some scientists have tried to capture it, but they

haven’t had success because the water of the lake is very dark and it’s

so deep.

Naiara - A few days ago I was shopping downtown and there was a man saying he

went fishing when he saw the lake bubbling and a huge monster coming

out of the water.

Lucas - Everybody is talking about the monster, but nobody has taken a picture

nor there is any evidence that it might exist.

Naiara - Some people took pictures for the police but the experts have proved

that the pictures are false.

Lucas - What is good about this story, is that many tourists have visited the

city and my father’s shop is selling a lot. We are thinking about

creating small monsters and selling them as souvenirs.

Naiara – That would be a good idea! Why don’t you create a name for the monster?

Lucas - I’ve thought about that, if the monster is a male, it could be called

Frank and if it is a female, it could be called Nancy.

Naiara – I have to go home, but watch out for the monster!

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GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 15

PRESENT PERFECT

HAVE OR HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE

EX: Hundreds of people have reported seeing a large animal in the lake.

She has worked here since last year.

Affirmative

Ex: I have read that some scientists have tried to capture it.

He has taken pictures of the monster.

Neqative (have not – haven’t) (has not – hasn’t)

Ex: I haven’t been around the lake since I heard this story.

She hasn’t seen the monster yet.

Interroqative

Ex: Have you heard anything about the mysterious monster?

Has she said anything about the monster?

Contracted form

I’ve heard = I have heard

I haven’t heard = I have not heard

She’s heard = she has heard

Short answers

Yes, I have.

No, I haven’t.

Yes, she has.

No, she hasn’t.

142
Quando usamos o Present Perfect haverá sempre uma conexão com “agora”. A ação

no passado tem como resultado “agora”. Veja alguns exemplos:

a) Where’s your key? I don’t know. I’ve lost it. ( quer dizer, não estou com

a chave agora ).

b) He told me his name but I’ve forgotten it. ( não lembro o nome dele agora ).

c) Is Sally here? No, she’s gone out. ( ela saiu, não está aqui agora ).

d) I can’t find my bag, have you seen it? ( você sabe onde ela está agora? ).

Também usamos o present perfect para dar uma nova informação ou anunciar um

acontecimento recente:

a) Ow! I’ve cut my finger.

b) The road is closed. There’s been an accident.

c) The police have arrested two men in connection with the robbery.

EXERCISES

1) WRITE THE SENTENCES ACCORDING TO THE EXAMPLE:

Ex: the boy/ride/horse - The boy has ridden the horse.

a) painter/paint/house - __________________________________________.

b) she/close/door - __________________________________________.

c) the picture/fall/down - __________________________________________.

d) the students/find/the book - __________________________________________.

e) they/buy/the clothes - __________________________________________.

143
2) MAKE NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES USING THE PRESENT PERFECT.

a) My father has sold his store.

N: ___________________________________________________________.

I: ___________________________________________________________?

b) They have thrown the stone in the window.

N: ___________________________________________________________.

I: ___________________________________________________________?

c) She has drunk a lot.

N: ___________________________________________________________.

I: ___________________________________________________________?

d) Mark and Peter have hidden your wallet.

N: ___________________________________________________________.

I: ___________________________________________________________?

e) Ann has sung in many places.

N: ___________________________________________________________.

I: ___________________________________________________________?

f) You have met his sister.

N: ___________________________________________________________.

I: ___________________________________________________________?

3) COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE VERBS IN THE PRESENT PERFECT.

a) Are they still in the house? No, they _______________ ( leave ).

b) They _______________ (cook) dinner. Do you want to eat with us?

c) I can’t find my book. ___________ you ____________ ( see ) it Tom?

d) We _______________ (bought) a new car.

e) I _______________ ( not/lose) my keys.

f) __________ you ______________ ( paint ) your house?

g) She _________________ (write) a new book.

h) I am looking for my mother. Where _________ she ____________ ?( go ).

i) He _______________ (be) drawing for hours.

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4) FILL IN WITH “BEEN” OR “GONE”.

a) Jim is on vacation this month. He’s __________ to Italy.

b) I’ve just __________ to the shops. I’ve bought lots of things.

c) Alice isn’t here at the moment. She’s ________ to the mall.

d) Alex has ________ out. He’ll be back in about an hour.

e) Are you going to the bank? No, I’ve already ________ to the bank.

QUESTIONS WITH THE PRESENT PERFECT Track 16

1) How long have you lived here? I have lived here for ten years.

2) Has the meeting already finished? It has just finished.

3) Sarah, have you posted the letter yet? No, I haven’t posted it yet.

4) How long has she been learning Spanish? She has been learning it since 1985.

GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 17

Usamos o presente perfeito com for e since para dizermos a quanto tempo algo tem

acontecido.

Ex: I’ve lived there for ten years.

She has been learning it since 1981.

Usamos o presente perfeito com just, already e yet.

Just - recentemente ( expressa uma ação que acabou de acontecer )

Ex: Have you had lunch? Yes I had lunch just a few minutes ago.

Already – já ( indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se está falando )

Ex: Have they already washed the car?

We’ve already painted the house.

Yet – já / agora ( usado em frases interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou

expectativa, e como “até agora”, mostra que o falante estå esperando algo

acontecer.

Ex: Have they found my keys yet?

Paul hasn’t finished his homework yet.

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EXERCISES

1) COMPLETE WITH JUST, ALREADY, YET.

a) Maggy hasn't gone there ____________.

b) The children have ____________ arrived, they have been here for 5 minutes.

c) We have ____________ cleaned the house for you.

d) Have they typed all the essay ____________?

e) Try some cake, I’ve __________ baked it.

f) Has Monica ____________ woken up?

2) COMPLETE THE SENTENCES. USE ALREADY + PRESENT PERFECT.

a) What time is Paul arriving? He _____________________________.

b) Do Sue and Bill want to see the film? No, they _________________________.

c) Don’t forget to phone Tom. I ______________________________.

d) When is Martin going away? He _____________________________.

e) Do you want to read the newspaper? I ____________________________.

f) When does Linda start her new job? She _______________________________.

3) WRITE QUESTIONS WITH YET.

a) Your friend got a new job. Perhaps she has started it. You ask her:

Have you started your new job yet?

b) Your friend has some new neighbors. Perhaps he has met them. You ask him:

_____________________________________________________________?

c) Your friend must write a letter. Perhaps she has written it now. You ask her:

_____________________________________________________________?

d) Tom was trying to sell his car. Perhaps he has sold it now. You ask a friend

about Tom:

_____________________________________________________________?

146
VOCABULARY Track 18

Appeared – apareceu Met - encontrado, particípio de meet

Already - já Might - poder, poderia

Bubbling - borbulhando Monster - monstro

Capture - verbo capturar Mysterious - misterioso

Could - poderia Nor - nem

Create - verbo criar Project - projeto

Cure - cura Recuperation - recuperação

Dark - escuro Reported – relatou

Deep - profundeza Researched - pesquisado

Developing - desenvolvendo Sell - verbo vender

Downtown - centro Scientist - cientista

Drunk – bebido, particípio de drink Show up - aparecer

Evidence - evidência, prova So - então, tão

Exist – verbo Sold - vendido, particípio de sell

Experts - peritos, especialistas Soon - cedo

False - falso Souvenier - lembrança

Female - feminino Success - sucesso

Heard - escutado, particípio de hear Sung - cantado, particípio de sing

Hidden – escondido, particípio de hide Tourist - turista

Ill - doente Thought – pensado, particípio de think

Kept - guardado, particípio de keep Thrown – jogado, particípio de throw

Lake - lago Tried - tentado, particípio de try

Large - enorme Watch out - cuidado

Male - masculino Yet - ainda

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JOB INTERVIEW Track 19

Interviewer - Tell me about your present job.

Mr. Arnold - Well, I work for a company as a manager for the sales department.

I train people to sell the products and make lectures about sale

techniques.

Interviewer - That’s interesting. How long have you worked for this company?

Mr. Arnold - For about five years.

Interviewer - The job sounds interesting. Why do you want to leave it?

Mr. Arnold - Yes, the job is very good. But I have had a plan to move to Europe

for a long time. And this job is a good opportunity to make my

plan come true.

Interviewer - What about Spanish? Have you ever studied it?

Mr. Arnold - Sure, I’ve studied Spanish for five years. I can speak it very

well.

Interviewer - That’s good. Have you sold languages course books before?

Mr. Arnold - I haven’t. But I think that with all experience I have in the sale

area I can be successful.

Interviewer - What about salary? How much would you like to earn?

Mr. Arnold - The average salary in a position like that is around $40.000 per

year plus benefits. I would like this amount and the benefits like

health insurance, traveling expenses, etc.

Interviewer – Thanks Mr. Arnold for being here for the interview. We are going

to interview more people, in two days we’ll call you back.

Mr. Arnold - Ok, I’ll be waiting.

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GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 20

PRESENT PERFECT 2

O uso do presente perfeito sempre tem uma conexão com o passado e

com o presente. Existem basicamente três expressões de uso para ele:

- Para falar de experiência, mudança e situações que continuam.

1) Experiência

Para falar sobre experiências do passado. O que interessa não é a data, mas o

que foi realizado (ou não).

Ex: I have seen dolphins.

They have lived in Rio de Janeiro

Has she eaten feijoada?

We have never been there.

Conexão com o passado: o evento aconteceu no passado

Conexão com o presente: eu tenho memória do evento, eu tive a

experiência.

2) Mudança

Para falar sobre uma mudança ou uma nova informação.

Ex: I have bought a house.

Passado: na semana passada eu nao tinha uma casa.

Presente: agora eu tenho.

Ex: Mary has broken her arm.

Passado: Mary estava com o braço bom.

Presente: ela está com o braço quebrado.

3) Situação continuada

Para falar de uma situação que não sofreu mudança. É um estado que começou no

passado e continua no presente.

Ex: I have studied here since January.

He has visited us for 3 days.

How long have you known Marcelo?

149
EXERCISES

1) COMPLETE WITH THE PRESENT PERFECT.

a) Jane ___________________ (study) in Paris.

b) The students _________________ (do) their homework.

c) _______ you _____________ (finish) your dinner?

d) David _________________ (take) a shower.

e) We ______________________ (not/ talk) to Sandy.

f) My girlfriend ________________________ (never/ be) to Italy.

g) _______ you __________________ (ever/ win) the lottery?

h) I ___________________ (break) my leg.

2) YOU ARE ASKING SOMEBODY QUESTIONS ABOUT THINGS HE OR SHE HAS DONE. MAKE

QUESTIONS FROM THE INFORMATION IN BRACKETS.

a) (ever/ride/horse?) Have you ever ridden a horse?

b) (ever/be/California?) _______________________________________?

c) (ever/run/marathon?) ________________________________________?

d) (ever/speak/famous person?) ________________________________________?

e) (always/live/in this town?) ________________________________________?

3) COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES USING: TODAY/THIS YEAR/THIS TERM ETC.

a) I saw Tom yesterday, but I haven’t seen him today.

b) I read a newspaper yesterday, but ________________________________.

c) Last year the company made a profit, but ________________________________.

d) Mia worked hard at school last term, but ________________________________.

e) It snowed a lot last winter, but _________________________________.

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VOCABULARY Track 21

As - como Lottery - loteria

Average - médio (a) Manager - gerente

Amount - quantia Move - mudar

Before - antes Plan - plano

Car - carro Position - posição

Come true - realizar-se Present Products – apresentação de produtos

Company - empresa Salary - salário

Department - departamento Sale - venda

Dolphin - golfinho Snowed - nevo

Europe - Europa Since - desde

Expenses - despesas Sounds – parece / soa bem ou mal

Experience - experiência Spanish - Espanhol

For – pois / para Success - sucesso

Italy – ltália Techniques - técnicas

Interview – entrevista Train - verbo treinar

Insurance – seguro Well - bem

Lectures - palestras

UNCLE SAM Track 22

Martha - Jimmy, I have a dream about traveling all over the world.

Jimmy - So do I. I would like to visit all the continents and take tons of

pictures and try all the different food in the countries and spend a

lot of money buying myself things.

Martha - My dream of traveling is not like yours. I would like to go to the poor

countries and help people.

Jimmy - Where have you gotten this idea from?

Martha - I have gotten it from my uncle Sam. Haven’t I told you about uncle Sam

before?

Jimmy - I don’t think so.

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Martha - Uncle Sam is a doctor. He has traveled helping poor people for many

years. Last week he went to Somalia in Africa.

Jimmy - Does he get any money for his work?

Martha – No, he doesn’t. He does this work as a volunteer. Well, by doing this

work, he gets the expenses paid plus room and board. Last year he went

to Peru and he took care of starving children and he helped building

houses for the natives who live in the Andes.

Jimmy - But doesn’t he take some time off for sightseeing?

Martha – He told me that in the places he goes, they need so much people’s help

and there aren’t enough people willing to go to these places. So he

spends his whole time helping and working.

Jimmy - Do you know something, Martha? This conversation has changed my mind. I

think I want to be a volunteer too. Why don’t we talk to your uncle

about going with him on one of his trips?

Martha - That’s a good idea!

GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 23

PAST SIMPLE AND PRESENT PERFECT

PAST SIMPLE - Uma ação que começou e terminou no passado, geralmenle com uma

expressão de tempo ( Yesterday, two weeks ago, last month ).

Ex: They didn’t work here for 6 years.

I visited her last week.

She lived here 5 years ago.

We ate in this restaurant Yesterday.

Did you go to Brazil last year?

PRESENT PERFECT - Para ações que terminaram em um tempo não informado.

Ex: They haven’t worked here.

I have visited her.

She has lived here.

We have eaten in this restaurant.

Have you ever been to Brazil?

152
EXERCISES

1) CORRECT THE SENTENCES AND REWRITE THEM.

a) Sheila has studied here last year.

___________________________________________.

b) They drove your car.

___________________________________________.

c) We went to grandmother's house.

___________________________________________.

d) I fell on the street.

___________________________________________.

e) He has flown to Paris yesterday.

___________________________________________.

f) He began working.

___________________________________________.

g) They have given the book back two hours ago.

___________________________________________.

2) PUT THE VERBS IN THE PRESENT PERFECT OR IN THE PAST SIMPLE.

a) She _______________ ( write ) to her mother.

b) They _______________ ( fight ) a lot in the last two weeks.

c) _______________ ( you / clean ) your house last Sunday?

d) I _______________ ( not / type ) my homework yet.

e) _______________ ( you / buy ) your new car?

f) Steve _______________ ( not / stay ) here for two months.

g) _______________ ( she / finish ) university three years ago?

h) We _______________ ( not / talk ) to her this morning.

153
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS EXAMPLES: Track 24

1) Why are your clothes dirty? I’ve been fixing my car.

2) Where is Mary? She has been studying all day.

3) Hi Tim, what have you been doing? I’ve been writing my book all day long.

GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 25

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

REGRA GERAL

HAS / HAVE + BEEN + VERB + ING

a) Usamos o presente perfeito contínuo para descrever situações que tiveram

início no passado e ainda continuam no presente.

Ex: She’s been smoking too much. She should smoke less.

Também pode ser usado com dois outros objetivos

b) Mencionar uma ação que ocorreu muito recentemente e cujo efeito podemos ver

ou sentir agora.

Ex: She has been taking some medicine.

c) Mencionar ações que têm ocorrido ultimamente (lately).

Ex: Mike has been playing tennis in the park.

We have been working a lot lately.

EXERCISES

1) COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE VERBS GIVEN.

a) Carlos ________________________ the book for two hours. (read)

b) We ________________________ at this fair for an hour. (shop)

c) Jhon and Pam ______________________ at this company since 2009. (work)

d) I ________________________ Japanese since 2019. (study)

e) Melissa _______________________ video games all morning! (play)

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2) FOLLOW THE EXAMPLE:

I started cleaning the house at 8:00 am. I’m still cleaning it now.

I have been cleaning the house for 2 hours.

a) Tony started living in Australia in 2018. He still lives there now.

___________________________________________ since 2018.

b) Years ago you started writing to a friend. You still write to her now.

___________________________________________ for 5 years.

c) Harry started working in Manaus on January 13th. He still works there.

___________________________________________ since January 13th.

d) My father started washing his car at 2:00 pm. He’s still cleaning it now.

___________________________________________ for 3 hours.

VOCABULARY Track 26

Board - pensão Some - algum, um pouco de

Enough - suficiente Spend - verbo gastar / passar ( tempo )

Expenses - despesas Starving - fome ( subst.) faminto

Fix - verbo fixar / consertar Street - rua

Idea - idéia Time off – tempo livre

Native - nativo Ton - tonelada

Peru - Peru ( país ) Trip - viagem

Rain - chuva Volunteer - voluntário

Recently - recentemente Willing - disposto

Solution - solução

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Track 27

To change my mind - mudar de idéia

All day long - o dia todo

155
WHO IS THAT GUY? Track 29

Alice - Who is that guy?

Billy - Uh, he is the new student.

Alice - Have you met him?

Billy - No, not yet. But I overheard him saying his name to Mr. Taylor.

Alice - Oh, really? What’s his name?

Billy - His name is Giovanni.

Alice - Where is he from?

Billy - I’m not sure.

Alice - He must be Italian. Giovanni is an Italian name.

Billy - He can’t be Italian. He doesn’t have an Italian accent nor an Italian

last name.

Alice - What’s his last name?

Billy - It’s Silva.

Alice - So he might be Portuguese.

Billy - Uh... He could be Brazilian.

Alice - Well, I think it’s better we ask him!

GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 30

Usamos must, may, might, could and can’t quando queremos tirar conclusões

baseadas em fatos que conhecemos.

Conclusões definitivas ( quando temos certeza )

Must - He must be Italian. ( His name is Giovanni ).

Can’t - He can’t be Italian. ( He doesn't have an Italian last name ).

Conclusões possíveis ( não temos certeza, estamos lidando com possibilidade ).

Could - He could be Brazilian.

Might - He might be Portuguese.

156
MORE EXAMPLES:

Must

The windows are very dirty. We must clean them.

It’s a fantastic film. You must see it.

We must go to the bank today. We don’t have any money.

Quando a "obrigação" aparece na frase no passado, usamos o verbo have no

passado.

Ex: I had to go = eu tive que ir.

Can / Can’t

I can play the piano. My brother can’t play the piano.

Sarah can speak Italian, but she can’t speak Spanish.

Can you swim?

Can you change twenty dollars? I’m sorry, I can’t.

Could

When I was young, I could run very fast.

Before Ana came to London, she could speak English.

Could you open the door, please?

Could you wait a moment?

Could I borrow your umbrella today?

Might

I might go to the cinema this evening.

When is Carol going to call you? I don’t know. She might call this afternoon.

Take an umbrella with you. It might rain.

Are you going out tonight? I might go.

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EXERCISES

1) WRITE SENTENCES WITH MIGHT.

a) (it’s possible that I’ll go to the cinema)

I miqht go to the cinema.

b) (it’s possible that I’Il see you tomorrow)

___________________________________________________.

c) (it’s possible that Ann will forget to phone).

___________________________________________________.

d) (it’s possible that it will snow today).

___________________________________________________.

e) (it's possible that I'll be late tonight).

___________________________________________________.

2) COMPLETE THE SENTENCES. USE CAN OR CAN'T + ONE OF THESE VERBS:

Come — find — hear — see — speak

a) I’m sorry but we can’t come to your party next Saturday.

b) I like this hotel room. You _______________ the mountains from the window.

c) You are speaking very low. I _______________ you.

d) Have you seen my bag? I _______________ it.

e) Catherine got the job because she _______________ five languages.

3) PUT I MUST OR I HAD TO.

a) I _______________ go to the bank yesterday to get some money.

b) It’s late. I _______________ go now.

c) I don’t usually work on Saturdays but last Saturday I _______________ to

work.

d) _______________ get up tomorrow. I have many things to do.

e) I went to London by train last week. The train was full and _______________

stand all the way.

f) I forgot to phone David yesterday. _______________ phone him later today.

158
STOP DRINKING Track 31

John - Cony you should stop drinking. If you keep drinking a lot, you will

become an alcoholic.

Cony - You’re right. I feel awful. I really have to stop drinking.

John - So why don’t you quit?

Cony - I don’t know. I have tried to quit, but it seems like there is a power

that’s stronger than me that makes me drink.

John - Come on, you are creating an excuse for stopping to drink. If you want

you will quit, nothing is stronger than our will.

Cony - No, John, I’m not lying. I have tried hard to quit drinking but I’m weak.

I have told myself “this is the last drink”, then I realize I’m drinking

again.

John - You are addicted to alcohol. Cony, you need to get some help very fast.

Cony - But if I let people know about the problem it will be shameful for my

family.

John - It doesn’t matter. You need to be treated. You should look for treatment.

GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 32

FIRST CONDITIONAL IF CLAUSES + FUTURE

A primeira condicional é usada para descrever um possível evento no futuro e

suas consequências ou também para ameaçar ou avisar pessoas sobre algo.

Affirmative + Affirmative

If it starts to rain. We’ll play inside.

Affirmative + Negative

If you pay attention, you won’t have mistakes.

Negative + Negative

If you don’t come to practice, you won’t play in the match.

159
EXERCISES

1) CHOOSE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB.

a) If he doesn’t pay / won’t pay. I sue / I’ll sue him.

b) If you get / will get on time. We go / will go to the movies.

c) It will be difficult to pass the exams if you don’t / won’t study.

d) I’m / I’ll be surprised if they get / they will get married.

e) They will move back / move back, if they don’t / won’t get a job there.

f) The fireman will come / come if there is / will be a fire.

2) MAKE SENTENCES BEGINNING WITH If. MATCH THE SENTENCES BELOW.

You don’t put on your coat I’ll call you.

I can get the bus I’Il pay you.

You get late for dinner I won’t go to the club tomorrow.

I have to study I won’t let you eat.

I have money you will get cold.

a) _______________________________________________________________.

b) _______________________________________________________________.

c) _______________________________________________________________.

d) _______________________________________________________________.

LISTEN AND COMPLETE THE DIALOGUE. Track 33

Steve - How _________ the _______________ Sarah?

Sarah - It was __________! They _______________ me a job in Brazil.

Steve - How long are you ___________ to stay there?

Sarah - For about six months.

Steve - If you ____________ we ___________ see each other for all that time.

Sarah - I know, but it’s a great _______________. If I don’t accept it, I won’t

have another _____________.

Steve - But you are only _______________ about yourself.

Sarah - I am sorry Steve, but I won’t turn _____________ this job.

Steve - Ok, Sarah! Have a ____________ trip and ____________ that I exist.

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VOCABULARY Track 34

Addict - verbo viciar May - poder ( permissão)

Alcohol - álcool Might - poder ( suposição )

Artist - artista Mind - mente

Attention - atenção Mistake - erro

Awful - horrivel Move back - mudar

Chemistry - química Must - dever

Come on! - vamos! Neat - arrumado

Deal - verbo negociar Noise - barulho

Degree - graduação Offer - oferecer

Dish - prato Own - possuir

Drink - verbo beber Pass - verbo passar

Duty - dever / obrigação Power – poder / energia

Effort - esforço Practice - verbo praticar

Exist - verbo existir Print house - editora

Favor - favor Put on - verbo colocar

Free time - tempo livre Quit - verbo parar / desistir

Hate - verbo odiar Shame - vergonha

Have to - ter que Should - deveria

Inside - dentro Spare time - tempo disponível

Keep - verbo manter / guardar Solution - solução

Kind – tipo / bondoso Sure - certeza

Last name - sobrenome Treat - verbo tratar

Lie - verbo mentir Treatment - tratamento

Look for - procurar War - guerra

Maid - empregada Weak - fraco

Match - fósforo Will - vontade

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USEFULL EXPRESSIONS Track 35

It seems like. - Parece que.

It doesn’t matter. - Não tem problema./ Não importa.

At all. - De modo algum.

MY LIFE Track 36

I do the dishes because I don’t have a maid.

I make my bed in the morning because I am a neat person.

I do a lot of business because I am a businesswoman.

I make a lot of money because I have a good job.

GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 37

MAKE AND DO

Existem muitos usos para os verbos Make e Do.

Make - Para criar, produzir ou construir algo.

She made a good apple pie.

Para forçar alguém a fazer algo.

He made him paint the car again.

Do - Para realizar certas atividades.

She does the homework in the kitchen.

They do the shopping at night.

Who did the cleaning?

My father does all the cooking in our house, but my mother does the ironing.

Para falar de ações como:

My sister is doing her hair and nails at Sally’s beauty shop.

She didn’t do her make up because she didn’t have time.

Outras palavras que são usadas com Make e Do:

MAKE - A mistake, your bed, sure (that), an effort, a noise, a deal, a promise,

money, love, war, your mind up.

DO - your best, business, research, your duty, the dishes, (someone) a favor,

some work.

162
EXERCISES

1) WRITE SENTENCES USING MAKE OR DO WITH THE WORDS BELLOW:

a) Mistake ______________________________________________.

b) Business ______________________________________________.

c) Your hair ______________________________________________.

d) Friends ______________________________________________.

e) Money ______________________________________________.

f) Research ______________________________________________.

g) Cake ______________________________________________.

h) Your job ______________________________________________.

i) Exercises ______________________________________________.

2) PUT MAKE OR DO IN THE CORRECT FORM:

a) I hate _______________ housework, especially cleaning.

b) Why do you always _______________ the same mistake?

c) Can you _______________ me a favor? It depends on what it is.

d) Did you _______________ your homework? Not yet.

e) I need to see the dentist but I haven’t _______________ an appointment.

f) I’m _______________ a course of photography at the moment. It’s very good.

g) The last time I _______________ an exam was ten years ago.

h) There is something wrong with the car. The engine is _______________ a

strange noise.

i) Let’s _______________ a list of all the things we have to _______________

today.

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DIRECTIONS Track 38

Woman - Sir., could you help me?

Walker - Sure.

Woman - How do I get to 5th Avenue from here?

Walker - You are little far from it. I’m going to tell you how to get to Saint

Patrick’s Cathedral and when you get there ask how to get to 5th Ave.

Woman - Ok.

Walker – Go to the end of this street and turn right, then go straight ahead for

6 blocks. The Cathedral is next to the bank.

Later … …

Woman - Ok. Here is the Cathedral.

Excuse me. Can you tell me how to get to 5th Avenue?

Walker – Go down this Avenue until the traffic light, 5th Avenue is the cross

street.

Woman - Thank you very much.

Walker – Don’t mention it.

COMMUNICATION FOCUS Track 39

ASKING FOR DIRECTIONS:

Excuse me. Can you tell me how to get to the mall?

Excuse me. How do I get to Mason Square from here?

GIVING DIRECTIONS:

Turn right at the shoe store.

Turn left on Apple street.

Take the second ( street to the ) right.

Go past the post office.

Go down/along this road as far as the traffic light.

Go to the end of this street.

The church is on your left. or The church is on the left.

On your right hand side.

On your left hand side.

164
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Track 40

It’s not very far. - Não é muito longe.

It’s about half a mile. - É mais ou menos meia milha.

It’s about a three minute walk. - É mais ou menos 3 minutos de caminhada.

You can’t miss it. - Você não pode errar.

LISTEN AND COMPLETE Track 41

Man - Excuse me. _________ you _________ me how to _________ to the library?

Woman – Ok. It’s not _________ far. _________ past the newsstand, then _________

on May Street. Go to the end of the _________, turn right. The library

is _________ to the supermarket.

Man – Thank you!

VOCABULARY Track 42

Alive - vivo Go out - sair

Allowed to - ter permissão para Human being - ser humano

Appointment – encontro/compromisso Jungle - selva

Arrangement - preparativos Kidding - brincando

Ask - verbo pedir/perguntar Library - biblioteca

Awake - acordado Meal - refeição

Boring - chato/maçante Middle - meio

Break - verbo quebrar Participate - verbo participar

Busy - ocupado Repair - verbo consertar/reparar

Cathedral - catedral Straight ahead - direto, em frente

Cross - cruzamento Street - rua

Deserve - merecer Subjects – assuntos/temas/matérias

End - fim Tent - tenda

Endure - verbo suportar/aguentar To be supposed to - dever

Excuse me - com licença/desculpe Tough - difícil/árduo

Far - longe Traffic light - semáforo

Go down - descer Turn - verbo virar

165
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Track 43

As far as - Até

Don’t mention it. – Não há de que.

Don’t worry. - Não se preocupe.

TOUGH LIFE Track 44

Claire - How long have you been in the Army?

Steven - I’ve been there for 8 months.

Claire - Is your life there tough?

Steven - Oh! Yes, it is. I have to wake up at 5:00 am every day.

Claire - You are kidding, be awake at 5:00 am. That is terrible. How can a human

being endure waking up at 5:00 am every day?

Steven - That’s the easiest part. Sometimes, in the winter we have to cross

rivers and sleep in the middle of the jungle without a tent and we are

not allowed to skip the exercises.

Claire - Are you sure that you will leave the Army alive?

Steven - Don’t worry! Your friend here is very macho. What about your life in

the university?

Claire - Well, it isn’t as tough as yours in the Army, but it keeps me busy. We

have to be in the dorms by 11:00 pm. Which is very boring, as you know,

a good part of the parties start after 11:00 pm.

Steven - Do you have many different subjects?

Claire - Yes, I do! And the teachers make us study a lot. Even on the weekend,

when I come home I have homework.

Steven - Aren’t you supposed to be at home studying now?

Claire - Yes, I am. But everybody deserves a break.

166
GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 45

TO BE ALLOWED TO AND TO BE SUPPOSED TO

Allowed to - ter permissão para

Supposed to - ter uma obrigação com, ter planejado, esperado.

Affirmative

I am allowed to get home after 12:00 a.m.

She is supposed to be at her job at 7 a.m.

Negative

She is not allowed to go out with her friends.

Why isn’t Anna here?

She isn’t supposed to be here tonight.

Interrogative

Are you allowed to drink if you are not eighteen years old in Brazil?

Why am I supposed to be there?

EXERCISES

1) EXPLAIN THE RULES OF SAINT RAPHAEL HIGH SCHOOL.

a) No smoking in the school.

You are not allowed to smoke in school. (smoke)

b) No alcoholic drinks.

_________________________________________________________. (drink)

c) No talking in the library.

_________________________________________________________. (talk)

d) No other clothes than the uniform.

_________________________________________________________. (wear)

e) No fighting in school.

_________________________________________________________. (fight)

f) No eating in the classroom.

_________________________________________________________. (eat)

g) No delay for the classes.

_________________________________________________________. (delay)

167
2) WRITE 6 PHRASES ABOUT WHAT TOU ARE SUPPOSED TO DO.

Ex: I am supposed to be at my work at 7:00 0 clock am.

b) __________________________________________________.

c) __________________________________________________.

d) __________________________________________________.

f) __________________________________________________.

g) __________________________________________________.

MY DREAM Track 46

Stan - Hi. Tina! I have thought a lot about you lately.

Tina - I hope it is because of a good reason.

Stan - Oh, yes! I am planning to backpack around Europe and I remembered you

have done it before.

Tina - Yes. I traveled around the Europe two years ago and it was quite an

experience.

Stan - Could you give some tips about Europe?

Tina - Sure! First of all, you have to be very carefull about money. You should

keep it in a small cloth bag and tie it under your clothes.

Stan - Why do I need to have all this care about the money?

Tina - Because there are many thieves in European countries. And they steal

mainly from tourists. How are you going to travel there?

Stan - I intend to travel by train.

Tina - That’s great because it is the cheapest means of transportation in

Europe. But you should not sleep in the train and forget about your

belongings.

Stan - I’ll remember that! And I’m planning to visit the most number of

countries possible in one month. What do you think about that?

Tina - I think you should visit fewer countries and spend more time in each of

them.

168
Stan - Which countries do you think I should go?

Tina - You should choose the countries according to the things you want to see.

But Italy, France, Spain and England are all worth a visit.

Stan - Thanks for your tips Tina.

Tina - Anytime, Stan! Have a good trip!

Stan - Thanks!

GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 47

SHOULD

O verbo modal should é usado para pedir opiniões e dar conselhos.

Affirmative

You should work fewer hours.

They should practice more sports.

Negative

Mike shouldn’t worry so much.

You shouldn’t be so mean to your wife.

Interrogative

Where should I go tonight?

Should I take a lot of money?

EXERCISES

1) COMPLETE THE SENTENCES. USE SHOULD AND ONE OF THE VERBS BELLOW.

watch — work — brush — visit — see — sleep

a) When you cross the street. You _______________ for cars.

b) You are working a lot. You _______________ less.

c) You _______________ your teeth three times a day.

d) The city of Rome is very interesting. You _______________ it.

e) You _______________ a doctor.

f) They _______________ earlier because tomorrow they have to wake up early.

169
2) MAKE SENTENCES WITH SHOULDN’T.

a) ( you drink too much ) ________________________________________.

b) ( she drives too fast ) ________________________________________.

c) ( you talk too much ) ________________________________________.

d) ( he eats too little ) ________________________________________.

e) ( they fight too much ) ________________________________________.

3) MAKE QUESTIONS WITH DO YOU THINK I SHOULD?

a) ( go to an expensive restaurant )

__________________________________________________________________?

b) ( buy a new car )

__________________________________________________________________?

c) ( take a Spanish course )

__________________________________________________________________?

d) ( go to the doctor )

__________________________________________________________________?

e) ( learn to drive )

__________________________________________________________________?

f) ( get another job )

__________________________________________________________________?

g) ( invite somebody to the party )

__________________________________________________________________?

170
VOCABULARY Track 48

Backpack around - mochilão (viagem) Passport - passaporte

Belongings - pertences Plan - plano

Brush - verbo escovar Perhaps - talvez

Care - verbo cuidar Possible - possível

Check on - verificar Quite - bastante/razoavelmente

Each - cada Reason - razão

Experience - experiência Remember - verbo lembrar

Fewer - menos Steal - verbo roubar

Fight - verbo lutar Thief - ladrão

First of all - em primeiro lugar Tie - verbo amarrar

Intend - verbo pretender Tips - dicas

Lately - ultimamente Tourists - turistas

Mean — média/meio/signficado/malvado Type – verbo digitar/tipo

Most - mais/a maior parte Uniform - uniforme

Number - número Visit - verbo visitar

WHY IS PAUL LATE? Track 49

Jack - I don’t know why Paul is late.

Jill - He might have had problems at the office.

Jack - I just called the office and the phone was busy. He must have forgotten

about coming to the game.

Jill - He couldn’t have forgotten. I saw him writing it in his agenda.

Jack - I won’t wait for him any longer. Let’s go inside, the game has already

started.

171
GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 50

PAST MODALS: COULD/MIGHT/MAY/CAN’T/COULDN’T + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

He may have painted it.

She might have eaten it.

It could have cleaned it.

We must have bought it.

You couldn’t have done it.

They can’t have written it.

MAY/MIGHT/COULD + HAVE: são usados para falar sobre algo que possivelmente

aconteceu no passado.

He may/might have gotten in a traffic jam.

He could have had a hard time to find his ticket.

MUST/COULDN’T/CAN’T + HAVE: são usados quando o falante está tirando uma

conclusão sobre algo que aconteceu no passado.

He must have had an accident.

He could’t have/can’t have left his tickets on the table.

TIP Track 51

Could, May e Might, algumas vezes tem um significado parecido:

The door Bell is ringing. It could be Frans. ( it may or might be Frans ).

You could have lost your keys somewhere in the parking lot. ( you may or

might have lost ).

Atenção: couldn’t ( negative ) é diferente de may not e might not.

She was without her glasses, so she couldn’t have seen you. ( não há

possibilidade de ela ter visto você ).

Why didn’t he call me? He might not have time for calling. ( talvez ele não

tenha tido tempo de ligar ).

172
EXERCISE

COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING MIGHT NOT OR COULDN’T.

a) Do you think he saw you?

No, ____________________________. I was behind a truck.

b) Why didn’t she greet me? Maybe she didn’t see me.

That’s possible. _____________________________________.

c) I don’t know why Mary didn’t come to the party.

Perhaps she wasn’t invited.

Yes, you are right. She _______________________________.

d) Martin likes parties. I know that he would have come to the party if

he’d been invited.

Yes you are right. He _________________________________.

WHAT WOULD YOU DO? Track 52

Rick - Lucy, what would you do if you found a wallet full of money on the

street?

Lucy - I would take it to the police.

Rick - Ok. And what would you do if you won a million dollars?

Lucy - Oh Rick! If I won a million dollars, I would travel around the world! And

what would you do?

Rick - Uh, first I would help poor people, then I would buy a new house, a new

car and I would save the rest of it.

Lucy - Alright! What would you do if you fell in love with your best friend?

Rick - Well, if I fell in love with my best friend I would send her flowers and

I would try to show her my feelings. But I would be careful because if

she didn’t accept me as a boyfriend we would keep our friendship.

Lucy - Hey Rick! I think I will send you some flowers!

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GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 53

THE SECOND CONDITIONAL

IF + PESSOA + VERBO NO PASSADO, PESSOA + WOULD + VERBO NO INFINITIVO (SEM O TO)

If I found a wallet, I would take it to the police.

If I won in the lottery, I would never work again.

Para falar de situações totalmente imaginárias e impossíves.

If I were a fish, I would live in the deepest parts of the ocean.

Para dar conselho.

If I were you, I would save this money.

Ou para comparar

If he were Simon, he would be more polite.

EXERCISES

1) COMPLETE THE SENTENCES BY WRITING THE VERBS IN THE CORRECT FORM USING THE

SECOND CONDITIONAL.

a) If I (have) _______________ a lot of money, I (help)_______________ the poor

people.

b) What (you/do) _______________ if you (see) _______________ someone spanking

a child on the street?

c) I (clean) _______________ the house, if I (have) _______________ the time.

d) If I (be) _______________ rich, I (help) _______________ my mother.

e) I (swim) _______________ if (there is) _______________ a pool near my house.

f) They (not help) _______________ him, if they (not like) _______________ him.

g) If I (sell) _______________ my car for a good price, I (buy) _______________

a better one.

h) They (offer) _______________ help, if they (know) _______________ how to

speak French.

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2) WRITE SENTENCES IN THE SECOND CONDITIONAL.

a) (be the governor)

If I were the governor, I would pay better salaries for the teachers.

b) (go to Japan)

____________________________________________________________________.

c) (have a lot of money)

____________________________________________________________________.

d) (live in Europe)

____________________________________________________________________.

e) (pass my exam)

____________________________________________________________________.

LISTENING Track 54

Eddie - This is Eddie Olson from Radio Show. Let’s start with our first caller.

Hello! What’s your problem?

Caller - Hi, Eddie! I’m calling because of my new neighbor. My neighborhood used

to be very calm and quiet, but since this couple moved to our street we

can’t sleep, read, watch TV or study anymore.

Eddie - Oh! What are they doing to disturb everyone?

Caller - Well, during the whole week they fight with each other, and when the

guy gets mad he plays the drums very loudly. Every weekend they have

parties. I can’t stand it anymore. What should I do?

Eddie - Uh! If I were you I would try to talk to them. And if that doesn’t work

I would call the police.

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VOCABULARY Track 55

Accident - acidente Million - milhão

Again - de novo Ocean - oceano

Agenda - agenda Office - escritório

Beat - verbo bater, batida Pay - verbo pagar

Bell - campainha Pool - piscina

Deep - profundo Possible - possível

Disappointed - decepção Price - preço

Fall in love - exp. apaixonar-se Save - verbos salvar / economizar

Feelings - sentimentos Show - verbo mostrar

Friendship - amizade Truck - caminhão

Governor - governador Unhappy - infeliz

Hear - verbo ouvir Wait - verbo esperar

Lottery - loteria Wallet - carteira

Loud - alto (para sons)

MY GRANDFATHER Track 56

This story is about my grandfather. His name was Jack Cogdill, he was a genius.

He was 16 years old when he became a lawyer. By the age of 3, he had learned

how to read and write. Before his 8th birthday, his father had taught him how to

play the violin and the piano and he could already solve very difficult math

exercises. After he had finished High school he went to college. Two years

later, he had finished college and began his M.A course. By the age of 19, he

had finished his PHD and one year later he was a very successful lawyer in the

city of New York. When he was old somebody asked him if he had any regrets about

his life. He answered that the only thing he regretted in his life was the fact

that he had spent so much time studying and little time playing.

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GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 57

PAST PERFECT - É usado para falar de uma ação que aconteceu antes de outra ação

no passado.

HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE

He had learned to read and write.

He had finished High school.

AFFIRMATIVE

He had visited my father.

The bus had left.

INTERROGATIVE

Had he gone downtown?

Had they paid the check?

NEGATIVE

You hadn’t stopped at the stop sign.

I had not corrected the test.

EXERCISES

1) COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE VERBS IN THE PAST PERFECT.

a) When I got at the bus station the bus __________________. (already/leave)

b) When I got home, my family was eating. I wasn’t hungry, because I

__________________. (already/eat)

c) Mike didn’t want to watch the movie. He __________________ (already/see) it.

d) This morning the police called and told me that somebody __________________

(break) into my restaurant.

e) They phoned me, but I didn’t answer because I __________________. (go out)

f) We didn’t work well, because we __________________ (not/sleep) well.

g) My father used to have a strong pain, because he __________________ (have) an

accident when he was nine years old.

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2) COMPLETE THE TEXT USING THE CORRECT FORM OF THE PAST PERFECT OR SIMPLE PAST.

I (go) __________ to Brazil for the first time in 1980 when I (be) __________

ten years old. My brother (be) __________ there many times before. He (travel)

__________ there to visit our relatives. My brother (study) ____________

Portuguese for a long time, so he (not have) __________ problems to communicate.

We (spend) __________ our days there sightseeing, when (come) __________ the

time to leave, I (feel) __________ sad, because I (have) __________ such a good

time there.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS EXAMPLES Track 58

What were you saying?

Yesterday morning I got up and looked out of the window. The sun was shining but

the ground was very wet. It had been raining.

My brothers are a problem.

Why are you saying that?

Yesterday when they came in the house, their clothes were dirty, their hair was

untidy and one of them had gotten a black eye. They had been fighting!

Do you know if your mother is still smoking?

She gave up smoking one year ago. She had been smoking for 20 years.

GRAMMAR FOCUS Track 59

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

É usado para dizer que algo estava acontecendo por um período de tempo até

que outra ação passada ocorreu.

Had + been + verb + ing

Ex: She had been smoking for 20 years.

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Yesterday morning I got up and looked out of the window.

The sun was shining but the ground was very wet.

It had been raining.

Não estava chovendo quando olhei pela janela, o sol estava brilhando, mas tinha

chovido antes ( it had been ), por isso o chão estava molhado.

- When the boys came into the house , their clothes were dirty, their hair was

untidy and one of them had a black eye. They’d been fighting.

(Eles não estavam brigando quando chegaram em casa, tinham brigado antes)

- I was very tired when I arrived home. I’d been working hard all day long.

(Quer dizer estive trabalhando muito durante o dia)

- Our game of tennis was interrupted. We’d been playing for about half an hour

when it started to rain.

(Nossa partida de tênis foi interrompida. Estávamos jogando por cerca de meia

hora quando começou a chover)

- Ken gave up smoking 2 years ago. He’d been smoking for 18 years.

(Ken parou de fumar há 2 anos, ele fumou por 18 anos)

(“ele esteve fumando”)

EXERCISES

1) PUT THE VERB IN THE MOST SUITABLE FORM, PAST CONTINUOUS ( WAS DOING ), PAST

PERFECT ( HAD DONE ) OR PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS ( HAD BEEN DOING ).

a) When I got there they ____________________ (eat) for hours.

b) Jane ____________________ (talk) on the phone when you called her.

c) When I got there they were drunk, because they _______________ (drink) for

hours.

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d) Steve was very tired. He _______________ (work) all day long.

e) When I sold my motorcycle I got sad because I _______________ (have) it for a

long time.

f) Carl and I went playing tennis. I couldn’t keep up with him because

he _______________ (play) so fast.

2) COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS.

a) Tanya finished studying some minutes ago. She had been studying all day long.

b) When I saw Peter ___________________________________________________________.

c) When the bus arrived _______________________________________________________.

d) The car broke after _______________________________________________________.

e) When her father got home ___________________________________________________.

3) READ THE SITUATIONS AND MAKE SENTENCES FROM THE WORDS IN BRACKETS.

a) I was very tired when I arrived home. (I/work hard/all day long)

I had been workinq hard all day long.

b) The two boys came into the house very tired. (they/play/soccer)

____________________________________________________________________.

c) There was nobody in the room but there was a smell of cigarettes.

(somebody/smoke/in the room)

____________________________________________________________________.

d) Ann woke up in the middle of the night. She was frightened and didn’t

know where she was. (she/dream/about strange things)

____________________________________________________________________.

e) When I got home. Mike was sitting in front of the TV. He had just turned

it off. (he/watch/TV)

____________________________________________________________________.

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4) READ THE SITUATIONS AND COMPLETE THE SENTENCES.

a) We played tennis yesterday. Half an hour after we began playing, it

started to rain. We had been playing for half an hour. When it started

to rain.

b) I had arranged to meet Tom in a restaurant. I arrived and waited for

him. After 20 minutes I suddenly realized that I was in the wrong restaurant.

I ______________________ for 20 minutes when I _____________________________.

c) Sarah got a job in a factory. Five years later the factory closed down. At

the time the factory _______________, Sarah ______________________ there for

5 years.

d) I went to a concert last week. The orchestra began playing. After about ten

minutes a man in the audience suddenly began shouting. The orchestra

_______________________________ when _________________________________.

VOCABULARY Track 60

Age - idade Lawyer - advogado

Birthday - aniversário Little - pouco

Check - verbo verificar Pain - dor

Communicate - comunicar Regretted - arrependido

Correct - verbo corrigir Relatives - parentes

Dirty - sujo Solve - verbo resolver

Downtown - centro da cidade Such – tal / tão

During - durante Suitable - adequado

Genius - gênio Untidy - dessarrumado

Give up - verbo desistir Violin - violino

Grandfather - avô Well - bem

Ground - chão Wet - molhado

Hungry - fome Window - janela

Keep up - manter

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