#### ROAS - Router on a Stick ####
Consiste numa ligação entre um router e um switch, utilizando um único cabo e fazendo uso de sub-
interfaces.
##Configuração do switch
Devemos configurar a porta de ligação para o router no modo trunk.
Se o cabo estiver ligado, por exemplo, na porta Fa 0/20 do switch:
>ena (ou enable > modo privilegiado)
> conf t (configure terminal)
> int fast 0/20 (configuração da porta de interface Fast Ethernet 0/20
>swichport mode trunk
Agora vamos gravar a configuração.
>Ctrl-Z
>wr
>(Pressionar ENTER)
A porta está configurada em modo trunk.
##Configuração do router
A ideia é configurar várias subinterfaces através das quais podemos encaminhar vários tipos de tráfego
para diferentes VLANS e ainda permitir a comunicação entre essas VLANS.
Suponhamos que o cabo se liga na porta Fa 0/0 do router. Então fazemos:
>en
>conf t
>int fast 0/0
>no ip address
>no shut
Vamos agora criar as sub-interfaces. Começamos por:
>int fast 0/0.1
Em seguida fazemos o encapsulamento.
Caso se trate da VLAN 1:
>encapsulation dot1Q 1 native
>ip address [Link] [Link] (endereço de gateway de determinada rede (ou sub-rede) e a
respetiva máscara)
1
Caso tenhamos criado uma VLAN, por exemplo, a VLAN 150:
>encapsulation dot1Q 150
---------------------------------------
INTER VLAN ROUTING / VLAN INTER ROUTING - MÉTODO 3 (ROUTER ON A STICK)
Suponhamos que o cabo se liga na porta giga 0/0 do router. Então fazemos:
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#int giga 0/0
Router(config-if)#no ip address
Router(config-if)#no shut
Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up
Vamos agora criar as sub-interfaces. Começamos por:
Router(config-if)#int giga 0/0.1
Router(config-subif)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0.1, changed state to up
Em seguida fazemos o encapsulamento.
Router(config-subif)#enc
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 1?
<1-4094>
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 1 ?
native Make this as native vlan
<cr>
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 1 native
Router(config-subif)#ip address [Link] [Link]
Router(config-subif)#int giga 0/0.150
Router(config-subif)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0.150, changed state to up
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 150
Router(config-subif)#int giga 0/0.1
Router(config-subif)#ip address [Link] [Link]
Router(config-subif)#int giga 0/0.150
Router(config-subif)#ip address [Link] [Link]
Router(config-subif)#int giga 0/0.200
Router(config-subif)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0.200, changed state to up
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 200
Router(config-subif)#ip address [Link] [Link]
Router(config-subif)#
Router(config-subif)# Router(config-subif)#exit
2
Depois de termos configurado todas as sub-interfaces com os respetivos encapsulamentos:
>exit (para voltarmos à configuração do terminal base)
>ip routing
Router RIP
Router(config)#ip routing
Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#ver 2
Router(config-router)#network [Link]
Router(config-router)#no auto-summary
Router(config-router)#^Z
Router#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
wr
Building configuration...
[OK]
---------------------------------------------
Depois de termos configurado todas as sub-interfaces com os respetivos encapsulamentos:
>exit (para voltarmos à configuração do terminal base)
>ip routing
Router rip
>router rip
>ver 2
>net [Link] (o endereço da nossa rede)
>no auto
>ctrl-z
>wr
>(Pressionar ENTER)
#### Introdução de voz em redes ####
#Switch (2960)
Configuração das portas do switch com ligação aos telefones:
>ena
>conf t
>int fast 0/1 (fazemos isto para todas as portas aplicáveis)
>switchport voice vlan 1 (neste exemplo utiliza-se a vlan 1 porque foi a escolhida para a voz)
>ctrl-z
>wr
>(Pressionar ENTER)
3
#Router (2811)
>no (Resposta a [Yes/No] - caso surja a pergunta na consola CLI do router )
>ena
>conf t
> int fast 0/0 (esta porta serve meramente com exemplo; é possível fazer esta configuração numa sub-
interface)
>ip address [Link] [Link] (gateway da rede e respetiva máscara)
>no shut
Vamos agora tornar o router num servidor de DHCP:
>ip dhcp pool VoiceLaB (nome que demos à VLAN ou o número da VLAN)
>net [Link] [Link] (endereço da nossa rede e respetiva máscara)
>default-router [Link] (gateway; no caso de hosts que não sejam telefones ficamos por aqui)
>option 150 ip [Link]
Devemos excluir os endereços de gateway da pool de DHCP para evitar conflitos:
>ip dhcp excluded [Link]
Os serviços de telefone só estão disponíveis quando são ativados:
>conf t
>telephony (entramos em telephony-service)
>max-ephones 5 (número de telefones)
>max-dn 5 (dial numbers)
>ip source-address [Link] port 2000
>auto assign 1 to 5
>exit
Vamos agora atribuir os números aos telefones:
>ephone-dn 1
>number 54001
>ephone-dn 2
>number 54002
etc...
NOTA: Não esquecer de ligar os telefones e de ativar o DHCP nos hosts.
4
Criar VLANS
Switch#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#vlan 10
Switch(config-vlan)#name Benfica
Switch(config-vlan)#vlan 20
Switch(config-vlan)#name Sporting
Switch(config-vlan)#vlan 30
Switch(config-vlan)#name Porto
Switch(config-vlan)#^Z
Switch#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Switch#^Z
Switch#wr
Building configuration...
[OK]
Switch#sh vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12
Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16
Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20
Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24
Gig0/1, Gig0/2
10 Benfica active
20 Sporting active
30 Porto active
1002 fddi-default act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
1005 trnet-default act/unsup
VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0
Switch#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#int fast 0/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10
Switch(config-if)#int fast 0/2
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10
Switch(config-if)#int fast 0/3
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20
Switch(config-if)#int fast 0/4
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20
5
Switch(config-if)#int fast 0/5
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 30
Switch(config-if)#int fast 0/6
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 30
Switch(config-if)#^Z
Switch#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
wr
Building configuration...
[OK]
Modo trunk do switch
Switch(config)#int giga 0/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
Switch(config-if)#
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up
Switch(config-if)#^Z
Switch#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
wr
Building configuration...
[OK]
Configurar Router
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#int gig 0/0 (porta do router)
Router(config-if)#no ip address
Router(config-if)#no shut
Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up
Router(config-if)#int gig 0/0.1 (criar subinterfaces)
Router(config-subif)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0.1, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0.1, changed state to up
Router(config-subif)#enca (fazer tab)
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation ?
dot1Q IEEE 802.1Q Virtual LAN
6
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot (fazer tab)
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q ?
<1-4094> IEEE 802.1Q VLAN ID
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 1?
<1-4094>
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 1 n (fazer tab)
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 1 native
Router(config-subif)#ip address [Link] [Link] (gateway)
Router(config-subif)#^Z
Router#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by Building configuration...
console [OK]
wr
Router rip
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#ip routing
Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#ver 2
Router(config-router)#net [Link] (ip da rede)
Router(config-router)#no auto-summary
Router(config-router)#^Z
Router#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
wr
Building configuration...
[OK]
Criar subinterfaces 2, 3 e 4
Router(config-if)#int gig 0/0.2
Router(config-subif)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0.1, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0.1, changed state to up
Router(config-subif)#enca (fazer tab)
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation ?
dot1Q IEEE 802.1Q Virtual LAN
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot (fazer tab)
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q ?
<1-4094> IEEE 802.1Q VLAN ID
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 1?
<1-4094>
Router(config-if)#int gig 0/0.2
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 2
Router(config-subif)#ip address [Link] [Link]
Router(config-subif)#exit
Router(config-if)#int gig 0/0.3
7
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 3
Router(config-subif)#ip address [Link] [Link]
Router(config-subif)#exit
Router(config-if)#int gig 0/0.4
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 4
Router(config-subif)#ip address [Link] [Link]
Router(config-subif)#^Z
Router#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
wr
Building configuration... [OK]
CONFIGURAÇÃO DOS TELEFONES NO SWITCH
Switch>en
Switch#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#int fast 0/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)#switchport voice vlan 1
Switch(config-if)#int fast 0/2
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)#switchport voice vlan 1
Switch(config-if)#^Z
Switch#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
wr
Building configuration...
[OK]
CONFIGURAÇÃO POOL DHCP
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#ip dhcp pool Voicelab
Router(dhcp-config)#network [Link] [Link]
Router(dhcp-config)#default-router [Link]
Router(dhcp-config)#option 150 ip [Link]
Router(dhcp-config)#
EXCLUSÃO IP DO ROUTER DA POOL DHCP
Router(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address [Link]
Router(config)#^Z
Router#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
wr
Building configuration...
[OK]
8
