Background Oil rents (OR) and natural gas rents (NGR) have significant contributions to the incom... more Background Oil rents (OR) and natural gas rents (NGR) have significant contributions to the income of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) economies and may increase emissions. Moreover, spatial autocorrelation is expected in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions due to the geographically closed economies in the MENA region. Thus, we examine the impact of OR and NGR on CO2 emissions caring spatial dimensions and analyze the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). Methods We apply the spatial Durbin model technique on the effects of OR, NGR, and economic growth on CO2 emissions in 17 MENA nations from 2000–2019, i.e., Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Yemen. Moreover, diagnostic tests are applied to reach the most appropriate spatial specification and to have the most robust results. Results The results disclose that CO2 emissions have spillovers and emissions of any count...
Patents support technological innovations in any economy and would also support a clean environme... more Patents support technological innovations in any economy and would also support a clean environment. We investigate the effects of economic growth, patents, industrialization, and urbanization on CO2 emissions in 17 Middle East and North Africa (MENA) economies by applying spatial econometrics. We substantiate the Environment Kuznets Curve (EKC) in the domestic economies and the whole MENA region as per direct and total estimates. Moreover, urbanization increases CO2 emissions in local economies and reduces neighboring nations’ emissions. The total effect of urbanization is found to be insignificant. Industrial value added increases CO2 emissions in domestic and neighboring countries, as well as in the whole MENA region. Patents increase CO2 emissions in domestic economies. However, patents reduce CO2 emissions in neighboring countries and the MENA region. Thus, patents have a pleasant effect on the environment in the whole MENA region. It is suggested that the MENA economies focus ...
The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of using artificial intelligence applicati... more The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of using artificial intelligence applications on the performance of accountants and audit firms. The final sample for this study comprises 38 audit firms. This study uses a survey-based methodology in the context of Saudi Arabia. The results of the multiple regression revealed that the audit firms using artificial intelligence applications perceive them as useful instruments that increase the performance of accountants and audit firms. They can reduce the cost, effort, and time of the audit process, achieve a competitive advantage for the audit firms, help auditors better determine materiality, achieve a competitive advantage, improve the performance of the audit team, carry out the continuous audit process better than the traditional audit, enable auditors to select audit samples with high efficiency, improve the quality of control procedures on electronic transactions and files used by the client, contribute to the management ...
By 2050, the world’s population will have increased by 34%, to more than 9 billion people, needin... more By 2050, the world’s population will have increased by 34%, to more than 9 billion people, needing a 70% increase in food production. Prepare more dishes with fewer ingredients. Therefore, the critical goal of manufacturers is to increase production while being ecologically benign. Supply chain systems that do not enable direct farmer-to-consumer connection and rising input costs influence data collection, security, and sharing. Constraints on data security, manipulation, and single-point failure are unfulfilled due to a lack of centralized IoT agricultural infrastructure. To address these issues, the article proposes a blockchain-based IoT model. This study also shows one-of-a-kind energy savings. The decentralization of data storage improves the supply chain’s transparency and quality through blockchain technology, thus farmers can engage more efficiently. Blockchain technology improves supply chain traceability and security. This article provides a transparent, decentralized bloc...
The aim of this study is to gauge the impact of global economic policy uncertainty and natural re... more The aim of this study is to gauge the impact of global economic policy uncertainty and natural resource prices, that is, oil prices and gold prices, on Bitcoin returns by using monthly data spanning from May 2013 to December 2021. The study applies ARDL and nonlinear ARDL for evaluating the symmetric and asymmetric effects of Global Economic Uncertainty (GU), oil price (O), and natural gas price on Bitcoin volatility investigated by using the ARCH-GARCH-ERAGCH and non-granger causality test. ARDL model estimation establishes a long-run cointegration between GU, O, G, and Bitcoin. Moreover, GU and oil price exhibits a negative association with Bitcoin and positive influences running from gold price shock to Bitcoin in the long run. NARDL results ascertain the long-run asymmetric relations between GU, oil price, gold price (G), and Bitcoin return. Furthermore, GU’s asymmetric effect and positive shock in gold price negatively linked to Bitcoin return in the long run, whereas asymmetri...
Expansionary monetary and fiscal policies are necessary for economic and environmental developmen... more Expansionary monetary and fiscal policies are necessary for economic and environmental development. The present research studies the impact of monetary policy and fiscal policy on Territory-Based CO2 (TBC) and Consumption-Based CO2 (CBC) emissions in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) economies from 1990–2019. The cointegration is corroborated through various tests, and long-term relationships are found in both TBC and CBC models. Government expenditures have long-term positive effects on both TBC and CBC emissions and short-term positive effects on TBC emissions in the region. Money supply negatively affects the TBC and CBC emissions in the long run and positively affects TBC and CBC emissions in the short run. Hence, monetary policy needs a long time to have positive ecological effects in the GCC region. Moreover, fiscal policy in both the long and short run and monetary policy in the short run have scale effects in GCC economies. Therefore, we recommend reducing fiscal measures and e...
As a growth input, human capital and remittances have received significant attention and their ro... more As a growth input, human capital and remittances have received significant attention and their role on other macro fundamentals has also been investigated. However, the effects of remittances on human capital development are not yet conclusive in the literature. The motivation of the study is to gauge the role of remittances in the process of human capital development in the topb10 remittance recipients for the period spanning from 1980 to 2019. The study has implemented symmetric and asymmetric estimations to explore the effects of remittances, FDI, and gross capital formation on human capital development. The study documented a positive and statistically significant linkage between remittances and human capital development; a similar linkage was revealed for FDI and gross capital formation. Asymmetric assessment detected asymmetric effects running from remittances, FDI, and gross capital formation to human capital development, both in the long-run and the short-run. Moreover, asym...
The impact of trade openness on foreign direct investment (FDI) has been debatable. This study in... more The impact of trade openness on foreign direct investment (FDI) has been debatable. This study investigates long-run equilibrium relationships between trade openness and FDI in the Sudanese economy by sector within the 1990-2017 period. The study employs Johansson co-integration technique. The findings of the analysis show that there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between trade openness and FDI flow estimated at a negative value of 0.53 for the aggregate economy when using trade openness in terms of exports plus imports over GDP. The current study applies either the export index or export efficiency measurement. The degree of openness was estimated at positive values of 0.17, 0.9, and 0.55 for the aggregate economy, the agricultural sector and the industrial sector, respectively. The results indicated that for the studied period (1990-2017), the FDI flows for the aggregate economy by sector are determined by the degree of trade openness in terms of their joint measurement. Furthermore, the magnitude of the degree of the industrial trade openness model is robust one and the government should prioritise this sector with regard to exports. Besides, the government should encourage the manufacturing sector, therefore improving infrastructure and promoting concentration of FDI in the country's production sectors, in particular those which support the paradigm that Sudan, like many Sub-Saharan African countries, should promote its primary exports to transform from an underdeveloped country to a developed one. The study recommends that, according to magnitude of industrial sector trade openness degree, government should exert more effort for its diversify in order to identify this sector as a leading sector utilising trade efficiently and hence prioritize it in the export.
This paper examines the impact of corporate governance mechanisms and CEO characteristics on U.S.... more This paper examines the impact of corporate governance mechanisms and CEO characteristics on U.S. listed companies' performance. The corporate governance mechanisms are: shareholdings of insiders, shareholdings of the institutional investors and mutual funds, board size and the number of independent directors in the board. We used as performance measures the following: Tobin's Q, return on assets, return on equity, price to book value and price earnings ratio. Additionally, we considered the impact of CEOs characteristics on companies' performance. These characteristics are: CEO status regarding the possibility of holding multiple functions, the CEO's possibility of being the founder of the company that he manages, state of residence, age and tenure in CEO position. Also we controlled for firm size, firm age and gearing. Our findings suggest mixed results between corporate governance and firm performance.
International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES, 2020
This study aims to evaluate the impact of industrial specialization of the external auditors, ana... more This study aims to evaluate the impact of industrial specialization of the external auditors, analytical review, and continuous review process on the underlying audit risks. The external audit firms placed in Khartoum city of Sudan were taken as the population of the research, and from this, a sample of 40 external auditors was selected randomly. A questionnaire was floated to all selected samples and was returned 100% valid to be incorporated in the research. SPSS software was used to evaluate the measures by using simple linear regression analysis. Scale reliability was tested by using Cronbach alpha test and found its value as 0.806 for the overall scale. The findings indicated that all the independent variables, such as industrial specialization of the external auditors, analytical review, and continuous review, help to reduce the audit risk by 10%, 23%, and 13%, respectively. In view of these findings, it is recommended that external auditors must take part in training and development activities in order to abreast of these requirements. Likewise, the clients are also advised to emphasize the industrial specialization of the external auditor while focusing on analytical review as well as continuous review.
Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 2021
The aim of this study is to examine the impact of board of directors’ activity on the audit commi... more The aim of this study is to examine the impact of board of directors’ activity on the audit committee’s effectiveness score among manufactured listed...
There are a number of Organizational Behaviour (OB) constructs that can help the employees to bec... more There are a number of Organizational Behaviour (OB) constructs that can help the employees to become emotionally and psychologically connected and engaged to their respective work. Employee engagement (EE), Psychological Capital (PsyCap) and workplace social capital (SC) are few such constructs. These constructs are capable of delivering breakthrough performance in the current turbulent, uncertain, competitive and fast paced world. The present paper examined whether PsyCap and SC are antecedents of EE. Data for the study was collected from a sample of 137 employees, using three standardized questionnaires. Results found PsyCap and SC to be antecedents of EE. It was also found that demographics had no impact on the constructs. The study, which was the first to be conducted in Saudi Arabia, has immense theoretic and practical implications. It is expected that this study will motivate further explorations in this interesting area.
Psychological capital (PsyCap), which is considered a higher-order construct, is composed of hope... more Psychological capital (PsyCap), which is considered a higher-order construct, is composed of hope, efficacy, optimism, and resilience. The importance of PsyCap stems from the fact that it has the propensity to motivate individuals in their accomplishment of organizational tasks and goals. The concept is related to many behavioral concepts including: subjective well-being, social capital, employee engagement, and emotional intelligence. The majority of the research literature on PsyCap has originated from the West, and limited literature exists about its antecedents and consequences among the Saudi population. Studies undertaken in Saudi Arabia must take into account unique cultural aspects. The present work attempts to identify the contribution that could emerge from the relationship of PsyCap, with constructs like subjective well-being, social capital, and employee engagement, considered through the prism of culture. It also recognizes the influence of, and upon, the external envir...
The study’s motivation is to gauge the impact of financial innovation on economic growth from 200... more The study’s motivation is to gauge the impact of financial innovation on economic growth from 2004M1 to 2018M12 in India and Pakistan’s economy with the mediating role of economic policy uncertainty. For instituting the possible association between financial innovations, economic policy uncertainty, and economic growth study considered both symmetric and asymmetric frameworks following autoregressive distributed lagged (ARDL) and nonlinear ARDL (NARDL). Furthermore, asymmetric causal relationships were evaluated by performing non-granger causality tests with asymmetric shocks of financial innovation and economic policy uncertainty (EPU). The results of Fpss, Wpss, and tBDM under symmetry framework established the long-run link between EPU, financial innovation, and economic growth in both countries. The results of standard Wald tests demonstrated the asymmetry effects furring from EPU to economic growth and financial innovation to economic growth both in the long-run and short-run. ...
Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to find out the complex relationship between ps... more Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to find out the complex relationship between psychological capital (PsyCap), workplace wellbeing (WWB), and employee engagement (E.E.) among the working class of Saudi Arabia. Methodology: The study which used a cross-sectional quantitative research design made use of three structured, validated questionnaires to collect the required data. Data were randomly collected online from a sample of 395 respondents. The respondents belonged to varying demographics. The data so collected was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the help of the Python program. Main Findings: The study has found a significant positive relationship between the three constructs of Psychological capital (PsyCap), workplace wellbeing (WWB), and employee engagement (E.E.)in the workplace. A similar significant relationship was also observed between workplace wellbeing and employee engagement. Applications of this study: The constructs identified fo...
Technological adaption and innovative activities foster small and medium enterprises (SMEs) growt... more Technological adaption and innovative activities foster small and medium enterprises (SMEs) growth by allowing production and process diversifications. Furthermore, open innovation practices, especially SMEs, rely on several firms’ specific attributes, and their impact varies accordingly. This study’s motivation is to explore the impact of technological adaptation and open innovation on SMEs run by women entrepreneurs and the challenges encountered in implementing open innovation. A sample of 580 questionnaires was sent to target SMEs, following the stratified random sampling technique, of which a complete 375 responses were duly received. The open innovation has been measured through eight innovative practices, reflecting the exploration and exploitation of technology in SMEs. This study found that women-owned enterprises were involved in many open innovation policies during the last five years. The result of this study indicated that there are no significant differences between ma...
Background Oil rents (OR) and natural gas rents (NGR) have significant contributions to the incom... more Background Oil rents (OR) and natural gas rents (NGR) have significant contributions to the income of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) economies and may increase emissions. Moreover, spatial autocorrelation is expected in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions due to the geographically closed economies in the MENA region. Thus, we examine the impact of OR and NGR on CO2 emissions caring spatial dimensions and analyze the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). Methods We apply the spatial Durbin model technique on the effects of OR, NGR, and economic growth on CO2 emissions in 17 MENA nations from 2000–2019, i.e., Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Yemen. Moreover, diagnostic tests are applied to reach the most appropriate spatial specification and to have the most robust results. Results The results disclose that CO2 emissions have spillovers and emissions of any count...
Patents support technological innovations in any economy and would also support a clean environme... more Patents support technological innovations in any economy and would also support a clean environment. We investigate the effects of economic growth, patents, industrialization, and urbanization on CO2 emissions in 17 Middle East and North Africa (MENA) economies by applying spatial econometrics. We substantiate the Environment Kuznets Curve (EKC) in the domestic economies and the whole MENA region as per direct and total estimates. Moreover, urbanization increases CO2 emissions in local economies and reduces neighboring nations’ emissions. The total effect of urbanization is found to be insignificant. Industrial value added increases CO2 emissions in domestic and neighboring countries, as well as in the whole MENA region. Patents increase CO2 emissions in domestic economies. However, patents reduce CO2 emissions in neighboring countries and the MENA region. Thus, patents have a pleasant effect on the environment in the whole MENA region. It is suggested that the MENA economies focus ...
The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of using artificial intelligence applicati... more The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of using artificial intelligence applications on the performance of accountants and audit firms. The final sample for this study comprises 38 audit firms. This study uses a survey-based methodology in the context of Saudi Arabia. The results of the multiple regression revealed that the audit firms using artificial intelligence applications perceive them as useful instruments that increase the performance of accountants and audit firms. They can reduce the cost, effort, and time of the audit process, achieve a competitive advantage for the audit firms, help auditors better determine materiality, achieve a competitive advantage, improve the performance of the audit team, carry out the continuous audit process better than the traditional audit, enable auditors to select audit samples with high efficiency, improve the quality of control procedures on electronic transactions and files used by the client, contribute to the management ...
By 2050, the world’s population will have increased by 34%, to more than 9 billion people, needin... more By 2050, the world’s population will have increased by 34%, to more than 9 billion people, needing a 70% increase in food production. Prepare more dishes with fewer ingredients. Therefore, the critical goal of manufacturers is to increase production while being ecologically benign. Supply chain systems that do not enable direct farmer-to-consumer connection and rising input costs influence data collection, security, and sharing. Constraints on data security, manipulation, and single-point failure are unfulfilled due to a lack of centralized IoT agricultural infrastructure. To address these issues, the article proposes a blockchain-based IoT model. This study also shows one-of-a-kind energy savings. The decentralization of data storage improves the supply chain’s transparency and quality through blockchain technology, thus farmers can engage more efficiently. Blockchain technology improves supply chain traceability and security. This article provides a transparent, decentralized bloc...
The aim of this study is to gauge the impact of global economic policy uncertainty and natural re... more The aim of this study is to gauge the impact of global economic policy uncertainty and natural resource prices, that is, oil prices and gold prices, on Bitcoin returns by using monthly data spanning from May 2013 to December 2021. The study applies ARDL and nonlinear ARDL for evaluating the symmetric and asymmetric effects of Global Economic Uncertainty (GU), oil price (O), and natural gas price on Bitcoin volatility investigated by using the ARCH-GARCH-ERAGCH and non-granger causality test. ARDL model estimation establishes a long-run cointegration between GU, O, G, and Bitcoin. Moreover, GU and oil price exhibits a negative association with Bitcoin and positive influences running from gold price shock to Bitcoin in the long run. NARDL results ascertain the long-run asymmetric relations between GU, oil price, gold price (G), and Bitcoin return. Furthermore, GU’s asymmetric effect and positive shock in gold price negatively linked to Bitcoin return in the long run, whereas asymmetri...
Expansionary monetary and fiscal policies are necessary for economic and environmental developmen... more Expansionary monetary and fiscal policies are necessary for economic and environmental development. The present research studies the impact of monetary policy and fiscal policy on Territory-Based CO2 (TBC) and Consumption-Based CO2 (CBC) emissions in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) economies from 1990–2019. The cointegration is corroborated through various tests, and long-term relationships are found in both TBC and CBC models. Government expenditures have long-term positive effects on both TBC and CBC emissions and short-term positive effects on TBC emissions in the region. Money supply negatively affects the TBC and CBC emissions in the long run and positively affects TBC and CBC emissions in the short run. Hence, monetary policy needs a long time to have positive ecological effects in the GCC region. Moreover, fiscal policy in both the long and short run and monetary policy in the short run have scale effects in GCC economies. Therefore, we recommend reducing fiscal measures and e...
As a growth input, human capital and remittances have received significant attention and their ro... more As a growth input, human capital and remittances have received significant attention and their role on other macro fundamentals has also been investigated. However, the effects of remittances on human capital development are not yet conclusive in the literature. The motivation of the study is to gauge the role of remittances in the process of human capital development in the topb10 remittance recipients for the period spanning from 1980 to 2019. The study has implemented symmetric and asymmetric estimations to explore the effects of remittances, FDI, and gross capital formation on human capital development. The study documented a positive and statistically significant linkage between remittances and human capital development; a similar linkage was revealed for FDI and gross capital formation. Asymmetric assessment detected asymmetric effects running from remittances, FDI, and gross capital formation to human capital development, both in the long-run and the short-run. Moreover, asym...
The impact of trade openness on foreign direct investment (FDI) has been debatable. This study in... more The impact of trade openness on foreign direct investment (FDI) has been debatable. This study investigates long-run equilibrium relationships between trade openness and FDI in the Sudanese economy by sector within the 1990-2017 period. The study employs Johansson co-integration technique. The findings of the analysis show that there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between trade openness and FDI flow estimated at a negative value of 0.53 for the aggregate economy when using trade openness in terms of exports plus imports over GDP. The current study applies either the export index or export efficiency measurement. The degree of openness was estimated at positive values of 0.17, 0.9, and 0.55 for the aggregate economy, the agricultural sector and the industrial sector, respectively. The results indicated that for the studied period (1990-2017), the FDI flows for the aggregate economy by sector are determined by the degree of trade openness in terms of their joint measurement. Furthermore, the magnitude of the degree of the industrial trade openness model is robust one and the government should prioritise this sector with regard to exports. Besides, the government should encourage the manufacturing sector, therefore improving infrastructure and promoting concentration of FDI in the country's production sectors, in particular those which support the paradigm that Sudan, like many Sub-Saharan African countries, should promote its primary exports to transform from an underdeveloped country to a developed one. The study recommends that, according to magnitude of industrial sector trade openness degree, government should exert more effort for its diversify in order to identify this sector as a leading sector utilising trade efficiently and hence prioritize it in the export.
This paper examines the impact of corporate governance mechanisms and CEO characteristics on U.S.... more This paper examines the impact of corporate governance mechanisms and CEO characteristics on U.S. listed companies' performance. The corporate governance mechanisms are: shareholdings of insiders, shareholdings of the institutional investors and mutual funds, board size and the number of independent directors in the board. We used as performance measures the following: Tobin's Q, return on assets, return on equity, price to book value and price earnings ratio. Additionally, we considered the impact of CEOs characteristics on companies' performance. These characteristics are: CEO status regarding the possibility of holding multiple functions, the CEO's possibility of being the founder of the company that he manages, state of residence, age and tenure in CEO position. Also we controlled for firm size, firm age and gearing. Our findings suggest mixed results between corporate governance and firm performance.
International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES, 2020
This study aims to evaluate the impact of industrial specialization of the external auditors, ana... more This study aims to evaluate the impact of industrial specialization of the external auditors, analytical review, and continuous review process on the underlying audit risks. The external audit firms placed in Khartoum city of Sudan were taken as the population of the research, and from this, a sample of 40 external auditors was selected randomly. A questionnaire was floated to all selected samples and was returned 100% valid to be incorporated in the research. SPSS software was used to evaluate the measures by using simple linear regression analysis. Scale reliability was tested by using Cronbach alpha test and found its value as 0.806 for the overall scale. The findings indicated that all the independent variables, such as industrial specialization of the external auditors, analytical review, and continuous review, help to reduce the audit risk by 10%, 23%, and 13%, respectively. In view of these findings, it is recommended that external auditors must take part in training and development activities in order to abreast of these requirements. Likewise, the clients are also advised to emphasize the industrial specialization of the external auditor while focusing on analytical review as well as continuous review.
Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 2021
The aim of this study is to examine the impact of board of directors’ activity on the audit commi... more The aim of this study is to examine the impact of board of directors’ activity on the audit committee’s effectiveness score among manufactured listed...
There are a number of Organizational Behaviour (OB) constructs that can help the employees to bec... more There are a number of Organizational Behaviour (OB) constructs that can help the employees to become emotionally and psychologically connected and engaged to their respective work. Employee engagement (EE), Psychological Capital (PsyCap) and workplace social capital (SC) are few such constructs. These constructs are capable of delivering breakthrough performance in the current turbulent, uncertain, competitive and fast paced world. The present paper examined whether PsyCap and SC are antecedents of EE. Data for the study was collected from a sample of 137 employees, using three standardized questionnaires. Results found PsyCap and SC to be antecedents of EE. It was also found that demographics had no impact on the constructs. The study, which was the first to be conducted in Saudi Arabia, has immense theoretic and practical implications. It is expected that this study will motivate further explorations in this interesting area.
Psychological capital (PsyCap), which is considered a higher-order construct, is composed of hope... more Psychological capital (PsyCap), which is considered a higher-order construct, is composed of hope, efficacy, optimism, and resilience. The importance of PsyCap stems from the fact that it has the propensity to motivate individuals in their accomplishment of organizational tasks and goals. The concept is related to many behavioral concepts including: subjective well-being, social capital, employee engagement, and emotional intelligence. The majority of the research literature on PsyCap has originated from the West, and limited literature exists about its antecedents and consequences among the Saudi population. Studies undertaken in Saudi Arabia must take into account unique cultural aspects. The present work attempts to identify the contribution that could emerge from the relationship of PsyCap, with constructs like subjective well-being, social capital, and employee engagement, considered through the prism of culture. It also recognizes the influence of, and upon, the external envir...
The study’s motivation is to gauge the impact of financial innovation on economic growth from 200... more The study’s motivation is to gauge the impact of financial innovation on economic growth from 2004M1 to 2018M12 in India and Pakistan’s economy with the mediating role of economic policy uncertainty. For instituting the possible association between financial innovations, economic policy uncertainty, and economic growth study considered both symmetric and asymmetric frameworks following autoregressive distributed lagged (ARDL) and nonlinear ARDL (NARDL). Furthermore, asymmetric causal relationships were evaluated by performing non-granger causality tests with asymmetric shocks of financial innovation and economic policy uncertainty (EPU). The results of Fpss, Wpss, and tBDM under symmetry framework established the long-run link between EPU, financial innovation, and economic growth in both countries. The results of standard Wald tests demonstrated the asymmetry effects furring from EPU to economic growth and financial innovation to economic growth both in the long-run and short-run. ...
Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to find out the complex relationship between ps... more Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to find out the complex relationship between psychological capital (PsyCap), workplace wellbeing (WWB), and employee engagement (E.E.) among the working class of Saudi Arabia. Methodology: The study which used a cross-sectional quantitative research design made use of three structured, validated questionnaires to collect the required data. Data were randomly collected online from a sample of 395 respondents. The respondents belonged to varying demographics. The data so collected was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the help of the Python program. Main Findings: The study has found a significant positive relationship between the three constructs of Psychological capital (PsyCap), workplace wellbeing (WWB), and employee engagement (E.E.)in the workplace. A similar significant relationship was also observed between workplace wellbeing and employee engagement. Applications of this study: The constructs identified fo...
Technological adaption and innovative activities foster small and medium enterprises (SMEs) growt... more Technological adaption and innovative activities foster small and medium enterprises (SMEs) growth by allowing production and process diversifications. Furthermore, open innovation practices, especially SMEs, rely on several firms’ specific attributes, and their impact varies accordingly. This study’s motivation is to explore the impact of technological adaptation and open innovation on SMEs run by women entrepreneurs and the challenges encountered in implementing open innovation. A sample of 580 questionnaires was sent to target SMEs, following the stratified random sampling technique, of which a complete 375 responses were duly received. The open innovation has been measured through eight innovative practices, reflecting the exploration and exploitation of technology in SMEs. This study found that women-owned enterprises were involved in many open innovation policies during the last five years. The result of this study indicated that there are no significant differences between ma...
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