Quite a while back, I posted about how, despite the fact that you should prefer composition over inheritance, you can best design classes for inheritance. Now, I wish to give some examples of how you can take your code that uses inheritance and change it to use composition instead, which will often actually make your code more flexible.
The code will be in java, but the concepts can transferred to any language that is object-oriented. Some languages might have constructs that make parts of this easier, too (Kotlin’s Delegates).
One thing is important to remember, though: Even if you switch “completely” to composition, you will still have some inheritance. This inheritance will be from interfaces and interface-like classes only, though. It barely counts as inheritance, really, since all it’s doing is restricting itself to an API and not inheriting implementation details. Continue Reading