Chandraprabha Batika (CPB) is an Ayurvedic preparation that is used in the rural population for d... more Chandraprabha Batika (CPB) is an Ayurvedic preparation that is used in the rural population for different purposes as traditional medicine. In this study, the effect of CPB on thyroid hormone profile was evaluated after chronic administration of this drug to male Sprague-Dawley rats. The acute pharmacological test of CPB recorded no death or any signs of toxicity even at the highest dose of 4,000 mg/kg body weight. For chronic pharmacological evaluation, the animals were divided into two groups. The first group was given CPB preparation at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight for 28 days while the second group that served as the control received water for the same period. After 28 days of chronic administration of the CPB preparation, the following effects on the thyroid hormone panel were noted: a statistically insignificant decrease in the serum circulating total thyroxine (tT4) and total triiodothyronine (tT3) levels of the male rats; a decrease in the serum circulating free thyroxine (fT4) level of the male rats, the increase though not significant yet it was prominent; a statistically insignificant increase in the serum circulating free triiodothyronine (fT3) level of the male rats; an increase in the serum circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone level of the male rats, the increase though not significant yet it was prominent.
International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 2018
Background: Brihat Khadir Batika (BKD) and Chandraprabha Batika (CPB) are Ayurvedic preparations ... more Background: Brihat Khadir Batika (BKD) and Chandraprabha Batika (CPB) are Ayurvedic preparations used as traditional medicines for different clinical indications in the rural population. BKD is used in diseases of throat and CPB is used in glandular enlargement. In this study we evaluate the influence of these preparations on HbA1c (%) level.Methods: To find out the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged period of time, Ayurvedic medicinal preparations BKD and CPB were administered chronically to the male Sprague-Dawley rats at a dose of 400 mg/kg. After 28 days of chronic administration of BKD and CPB the following changes were noted. In this experiment Glycated Hemoglobin A1C level was determined.Results: The results of the study of in vitro quantitative determination of rat Glycated hemoglobin A1c concentrations in serum studies are thus: BKD caused a statistically insignificant (p=0.066) increase in the HbA1c level of the male rat (16.87% increase). CPB demonstrated...
Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All... more Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Cargill, Margaret. Writing scientific research articles : strategy and steps / Margaret Cargill and Patrick O'Connor. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index.
Receptor proteins stud the outside of your cells and transmit signals to partner proteins on the ... more Receptor proteins stud the outside of your cells and transmit signals to partner proteins on the inside of the cells. Enzymes in your saliva, stomach, and small intestine are proteins that help you digest food. Proteins are worker molecules that are necessary for virtually every activity in your body. Ion channel proteins control brain signaling by allowing small molecules into and out of nerve cells. Antibodies are proteins that help defend your body against foreign invaders, such as bacteria and viruses. A protein called alpha-keratin forms your hair and fingernails, and also is the major component of feathers, wool, claws, scales, horns, and hooves.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this p... more The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
ColE1 uses an extensive RNA primer for leading-strand synthesis. The RNAII preprimer is transcrib... more ColE1 uses an extensive RNA primer for leading-strand synthesis. The RNAII preprimer is transcribed from the RNAII promoter by host RNA polymerase. RNAII forms a persistent RNA-DNA hybrid at the plasmid origin of replication. This hybrid is cleaved by RNase H and the resulting free 3'OH group on the cleaved RNAII acts as a primer for continuous leading-strand synthesis, catalyzed by host DNA polymerase I. ColE1 regulates its copy number with a short RNA countertranscript, RNAI. This species is expressed constitutively from the strong RNAI promoter, is nontranslated, and is fully complementary to part of RNAII. The interaction of RNAI with RNAII results in an RNAII configuration that impairs further elongation of this transcript, thereby reducing the frequency of RNA-DNA duplex formation and initiation of replication. The RNAI-RNAII interaction is counterbalanced by the shorter half-life of RNAI compared to RNAII. The ColE1-encoded Rom protein (also known as Rop) increases the frequency of RNAI-RNAII interactions. The gene for Rom is deleted in many ColE1-based plasmid vectors, resulting in increased copy numbers compared to ColE1 itself. Perturbations of ColE1 plasmid copy number are rapidly mirrored by changes in RNAI concentration, resulting in the enhancement or suppression of replication and the maintenance of ColE1 copy number within a narrow window. 4.3. Rolling-Circle Replication Many small (<10 kbp) plasmids of Gram-positive Eubacteria replicate by a rollingcircle mechanism, which is distinct from the replication of iteron-containing or ColE1like plasmids (see Fig. 3) (47). Rolling-circle plasmids have also been identified in Gram-negative Eubacteria and in Archaea. Some bacteriophage, including M13 of E. coli, also replicate in this way. In rolling-circle replication, binding of a plasmid-encoded replication protein to the leading-strand origin (also known as the double-strand origin) distorts the DNA in this region and exposes a single-stranded region in an extruded cruciform. A nick is introduced at this site by the replication protein and this exposes a 3'OH group from which the leading strand is synthesized by DNA polymerase III. Leading strand initiation differs between rolling circle plasmids, procaryotic chromosomes, and other plasmids, although chain elongation is similar in all systems. As the leading strand is synthesized, the nontemplate strand of the old plasmid is displaced ahead of the replication fork until, eventually, it is removed entirely. The resulting single-stranded intermediate is characteristic of rolling-circle replication and its identification provides evidence that a plasmid replicates by this mechanism (48). The lagging-strand origin (also known as the single-strand origin) is exposed on the displaced single-stranded intermediate and lagging-strand initiation commences at this origin using host replication factors. RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA primers at the lagging strand origin. DNA polymerase I initiates lagging strand synthesis from these RNA primers, after which DNA polymerase III continues elongation. 5. Plasmid Segregation DNA replication produces precise plasmid copies, but plasmids must also ensure that they are distributed to both daughter cells during bacterial cell division. If the Hayes
The expression of cloned genes in prokaryotic or eukaryotic host cells provides the means not onl... more The expression of cloned genes in prokaryotic or eukaryotic host cells provides the means not only for the study of gene function but also for the production of substantial amounts of protein and nonprotein molecules for commercial and investigational use. In the case of proteins, strategies for determining the most appropriate vector-host combination for the expression of an exogenous gene depend on a diverse range of factors that relate ultimately to the properties of the gene and its product. The approach used in the downstream purification of the product is another factor that impinges on this selection. However, among the most important considerations in the choice of vector and host in ensuring the maximal amount of expression is the compatibility of the host cells to translate the RNA transcript, to ensure the proper folding of the product, and to sustain the protein in the intact and functional state.
Knowledge in microbiology is growing exponentially through the determination of genomic sequences... more Knowledge in microbiology is growing exponentially through the determination of genomic sequences of hundreds of microorganisms and the invention of new technologies, such as genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, to deal with this avalanche of information. These genomic data are now exploited in thousands of applications, ranging from medicine, agriculture, organic chemistry, public health, and biomass conversion, to biomining. Microbial Biotechnology focuses on uses of major societal importance, enabling an in-depth analysis of these critically important applications. Some, such as wastewater treatment, have changed only modestly over time; others, such as directed molecular evolution, or "green" chemistry, are as current as today's headlines. This fully revised second edition provides an exciting interdisciplinary journey through the rapidly changing landscape of discovery in microbial biotechnology. An ideal text for courses in applied microbiology and biotechnology, this book will also serve as an invaluable overview of recent advances in this field for professional life scientists and for the diverse community of other professionals with interests in biotechnology.
Chandraprabha Batika (CPB) is an Ayurvedic preparation that is used in the rural population for d... more Chandraprabha Batika (CPB) is an Ayurvedic preparation that is used in the rural population for different purposes as traditional medicine. In this study, the effect of CPB on thyroid hormone profile was evaluated after chronic administration of this drug to male Sprague-Dawley rats. The acute pharmacological test of CPB recorded no death or any signs of toxicity even at the highest dose of 4,000 mg/kg body weight. For chronic pharmacological evaluation, the animals were divided into two groups. The first group was given CPB preparation at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight for 28 days while the second group that served as the control received water for the same period. After 28 days of chronic administration of the CPB preparation, the following effects on the thyroid hormone panel were noted: a statistically insignificant decrease in the serum circulating total thyroxine (tT4) and total triiodothyronine (tT3) levels of the male rats; a decrease in the serum circulating free thyroxine (fT4) level of the male rats, the increase though not significant yet it was prominent; a statistically insignificant increase in the serum circulating free triiodothyronine (fT3) level of the male rats; an increase in the serum circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone level of the male rats, the increase though not significant yet it was prominent.
International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 2018
Background: Brihat Khadir Batika (BKD) and Chandraprabha Batika (CPB) are Ayurvedic preparations ... more Background: Brihat Khadir Batika (BKD) and Chandraprabha Batika (CPB) are Ayurvedic preparations used as traditional medicines for different clinical indications in the rural population. BKD is used in diseases of throat and CPB is used in glandular enlargement. In this study we evaluate the influence of these preparations on HbA1c (%) level.Methods: To find out the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged period of time, Ayurvedic medicinal preparations BKD and CPB were administered chronically to the male Sprague-Dawley rats at a dose of 400 mg/kg. After 28 days of chronic administration of BKD and CPB the following changes were noted. In this experiment Glycated Hemoglobin A1C level was determined.Results: The results of the study of in vitro quantitative determination of rat Glycated hemoglobin A1c concentrations in serum studies are thus: BKD caused a statistically insignificant (p=0.066) increase in the HbA1c level of the male rat (16.87% increase). CPB demonstrated...
Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All... more Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Cargill, Margaret. Writing scientific research articles : strategy and steps / Margaret Cargill and Patrick O'Connor. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index.
Receptor proteins stud the outside of your cells and transmit signals to partner proteins on the ... more Receptor proteins stud the outside of your cells and transmit signals to partner proteins on the inside of the cells. Enzymes in your saliva, stomach, and small intestine are proteins that help you digest food. Proteins are worker molecules that are necessary for virtually every activity in your body. Ion channel proteins control brain signaling by allowing small molecules into and out of nerve cells. Antibodies are proteins that help defend your body against foreign invaders, such as bacteria and viruses. A protein called alpha-keratin forms your hair and fingernails, and also is the major component of feathers, wool, claws, scales, horns, and hooves.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this p... more The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
ColE1 uses an extensive RNA primer for leading-strand synthesis. The RNAII preprimer is transcrib... more ColE1 uses an extensive RNA primer for leading-strand synthesis. The RNAII preprimer is transcribed from the RNAII promoter by host RNA polymerase. RNAII forms a persistent RNA-DNA hybrid at the plasmid origin of replication. This hybrid is cleaved by RNase H and the resulting free 3'OH group on the cleaved RNAII acts as a primer for continuous leading-strand synthesis, catalyzed by host DNA polymerase I. ColE1 regulates its copy number with a short RNA countertranscript, RNAI. This species is expressed constitutively from the strong RNAI promoter, is nontranslated, and is fully complementary to part of RNAII. The interaction of RNAI with RNAII results in an RNAII configuration that impairs further elongation of this transcript, thereby reducing the frequency of RNA-DNA duplex formation and initiation of replication. The RNAI-RNAII interaction is counterbalanced by the shorter half-life of RNAI compared to RNAII. The ColE1-encoded Rom protein (also known as Rop) increases the frequency of RNAI-RNAII interactions. The gene for Rom is deleted in many ColE1-based plasmid vectors, resulting in increased copy numbers compared to ColE1 itself. Perturbations of ColE1 plasmid copy number are rapidly mirrored by changes in RNAI concentration, resulting in the enhancement or suppression of replication and the maintenance of ColE1 copy number within a narrow window. 4.3. Rolling-Circle Replication Many small (<10 kbp) plasmids of Gram-positive Eubacteria replicate by a rollingcircle mechanism, which is distinct from the replication of iteron-containing or ColE1like plasmids (see Fig. 3) (47). Rolling-circle plasmids have also been identified in Gram-negative Eubacteria and in Archaea. Some bacteriophage, including M13 of E. coli, also replicate in this way. In rolling-circle replication, binding of a plasmid-encoded replication protein to the leading-strand origin (also known as the double-strand origin) distorts the DNA in this region and exposes a single-stranded region in an extruded cruciform. A nick is introduced at this site by the replication protein and this exposes a 3'OH group from which the leading strand is synthesized by DNA polymerase III. Leading strand initiation differs between rolling circle plasmids, procaryotic chromosomes, and other plasmids, although chain elongation is similar in all systems. As the leading strand is synthesized, the nontemplate strand of the old plasmid is displaced ahead of the replication fork until, eventually, it is removed entirely. The resulting single-stranded intermediate is characteristic of rolling-circle replication and its identification provides evidence that a plasmid replicates by this mechanism (48). The lagging-strand origin (also known as the single-strand origin) is exposed on the displaced single-stranded intermediate and lagging-strand initiation commences at this origin using host replication factors. RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA primers at the lagging strand origin. DNA polymerase I initiates lagging strand synthesis from these RNA primers, after which DNA polymerase III continues elongation. 5. Plasmid Segregation DNA replication produces precise plasmid copies, but plasmids must also ensure that they are distributed to both daughter cells during bacterial cell division. If the Hayes
The expression of cloned genes in prokaryotic or eukaryotic host cells provides the means not onl... more The expression of cloned genes in prokaryotic or eukaryotic host cells provides the means not only for the study of gene function but also for the production of substantial amounts of protein and nonprotein molecules for commercial and investigational use. In the case of proteins, strategies for determining the most appropriate vector-host combination for the expression of an exogenous gene depend on a diverse range of factors that relate ultimately to the properties of the gene and its product. The approach used in the downstream purification of the product is another factor that impinges on this selection. However, among the most important considerations in the choice of vector and host in ensuring the maximal amount of expression is the compatibility of the host cells to translate the RNA transcript, to ensure the proper folding of the product, and to sustain the protein in the intact and functional state.
Knowledge in microbiology is growing exponentially through the determination of genomic sequences... more Knowledge in microbiology is growing exponentially through the determination of genomic sequences of hundreds of microorganisms and the invention of new technologies, such as genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, to deal with this avalanche of information. These genomic data are now exploited in thousands of applications, ranging from medicine, agriculture, organic chemistry, public health, and biomass conversion, to biomining. Microbial Biotechnology focuses on uses of major societal importance, enabling an in-depth analysis of these critically important applications. Some, such as wastewater treatment, have changed only modestly over time; others, such as directed molecular evolution, or "green" chemistry, are as current as today's headlines. This fully revised second edition provides an exciting interdisciplinary journey through the rapidly changing landscape of discovery in microbial biotechnology. An ideal text for courses in applied microbiology and biotechnology, this book will also serve as an invaluable overview of recent advances in this field for professional life scientists and for the diverse community of other professionals with interests in biotechnology.
Uploads
Papers by Md Hasif Sinha