Papers by Hidayat Hidayat
International Journal of Engineering Technology Research & Management, 2020
The human ear is consisting of three sections: the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear. T... more The human ear is consisting of three sections: the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear. The system of the human middle ear consists of an eardrum, ligaments, tendons, and three ossicles, namely three small bones (malleus, incus, and stapes), connected to each other and connected to the inner ear and the eardrum. The aim of this study is to create a three-dimensional model of the human eardrum and use the finite element method to simulate the dynamic behaviours. Mode shape of an eardrum considered as a plat elliptical shape and normal eardrum with concave shape will be carried out. The CAD software generated the geometric models of the human eardrum using the physical properties of components of the human eardrum documented by other researchers. The human eardrum considered as a flat elliptical shape was used to compare with the real shape human eardrum. Then, finite element analysis was used to carried out eigenvalue analysis to obtain mode shape of both model of the human eardrum. The mode shape of the human eardrum with a flat elliptical shape and concave shape shows the dynamic behaviour of the human eardrum.. KEYWORDS: human ear, ossicles, eardrum, finite element method, eigenvalue INTRODUCTION The human ear system is a complicated biomechanical system which has a function to define sound perception through by nerve into the brain. The tympanic membrane, also called the eardrum, is a thin layer of tissue in the human ear that absorbs sound waves from the outside air and transmits them to the auditory ossicles, which are small bones in the cavity of the tympanic (middle ear). It also acts as the tympanic cavity's lateral wall, which separates it from the external auditory canal. In the sound transmission process, the of the tympanic membrane (TM) is simple to understand intuitively. The human tympanic membrane (TM)'s natural mechanical properties contribute to a sensitive response mechanism over a wide frequency spectrum. A study of human eardrum (tympanic membrane) had been reported by several researchers. A study reported a detailed survey of the biomechanics and the modelling of the tympanic membrane focusing on finite element method [1]. Another study used modal analysis to investigate the qualitative characteristics of the TM comparing with vibration patterns obtained by holography. Higher-order modes are shown as a tool to identify these properties [2]. The dynamic behaviour of tympanic membrane perforation using finite element method had been reported [3]. A study reported the estimation of viscous damping within the tympanic membrane. Sound induced motions the surface of human eardrum were measured with stroboscopic holography [4]. The frequency responses of the human middle ear with eardrum perforation had been carried out using finite element method [5]. In cadaveric preparations of three mammalian species and one live ear, time-averaged holograms describing the sound-induced motion of the tympanic membrane (TM) were
A human middle ear consists of an eardrum and three ossicles which are linked by each other, and ... more A human middle ear consists of an eardrum and three ossicles which are linked by each other, and connect with the eardrum and an inner ear. The inner ear consists of a cochlea and a vestibular system. An abnormality of the human middle ear such as ossicular dislocation may cause conductive hearing loss. The conductive hearing loss is generally treated by surgery using artificial ossicles. The treatments of conductive hearing loss require a better understanding of characteristics and dynamic behaviors of the human middle ear when the sounds transmit from outer inner to inner ear. The purpose of this research is to simulate the dynamic behaviors of a human ear system comprising the middle ear and the cochlea in the inner ear using the finite element method (FEM). Firstly, the eigen-value analysis was performed to obtain the natural frequencies and vibration modes of the total ear system. Secondly, the frequency response analysis was carried out. Thirdly, the time history response analyses were performed using human voices as the external forces. In the time history response analyses, the sounds created as input sound pressures were used. Human voices, for example vowels " I " , " u " and " e " as input sound pressures were created by using the sound pressures downloaded from the opening samples of human voices as wav files in a website. Then it was clarified that the high frequency components of sounds are reduced by the middle ear system.
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Papers by Hidayat Hidayat