This qualitative case research analyzed the gender-based violence (GBV) encountered by university... more This qualitative case research analyzed the gender-based violence (GBV) encountered by university students and their empowering actions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study utilized online in-depth unstructured interviews among eight cases selected for their experience with violence. Using thematic analysis, emerging themes from the interview data included different forms of GBV; such as physical, sexual, psychological, economic, and online, while their empowering strategies were undertaken at the personal, relational, and social levels. This study showed the importance of being empowered to prevail over oppressive experiences. Lessons from the process provided input in applying the principles of transformative education. Expectedly, the findings will address issues on policy research on GBV and methodological challenges in transformative education.
In cognizance of the role of graduate education in human capital development and nation building,... more In cognizance of the role of graduate education in human capital development and nation building, the present study aimed to assess the status of graduate teacher education in the Philippines by describing the profile of graduate teacher education programs in both public and private higher education institutions (HEIs). To achieve the purpose of the study, the researchers used a descriptive research design wherein profile data on HEIs’ program offerings, program accreditation levels, and enrolment and graduation data were gathered from the Philippine Commission on Higher Education (CHED) 2017 databases. The research yielded results which served as basis for the researchers in making observations and identifying prospects for improvement of the quality of profile and status of the country's graduate teacher education programs. The implications of the results to policy development, curricular reforms, and future research are discussed.
My long involvement with women’s studies has made me sensitive to what Iread. I automatically cla... more My long involvement with women’s studies has made me sensitive to what Iread. I automatically classify books as either sexist or not. I examine theparticipation of women and the biases against them in many books that I use in teaching social science subjects. As one writer states: No one has ever devised a method for de-taching the scholar from the circumstances in life, from the fact of his involvement (con-scious or unconscious) with a class, a set of beliefs, a social position, or from the mere activity of being a member of a society. No production of knowledge in the human sciences can ever ignore or disclaim its au-thor’s involvement as a human subject in his own circumstance (Said, in Saigol 1995). I support an antipatriarchal ideology and envision a society that pursues gender equity in the area of education. Gender-fair educa-
This thematic paper is a contribution to our understanding of ways in which universities within t... more This thematic paper is a contribution to our understanding of ways in which universities within the Global South can and do engage with the challenge of internal and external migration. Migration is one of the most significant global challenges. According to the United Nations International Migration Report (2017), the number of international migrants worldwide has increased significantly from 173 million in 2000 to 258 million in 2017. In 2017, over 78 million international migrants lived in Europe, 80 million lived in Asia, and 25 million lived in Africa. Despite these patterns of migration, a Western-centric perspective dominates the literature and research with the focus being on Global South to Global North migration (i.e. migration to Europe or North America) or exclusively migration within the Global North. Less is known about Global South-Global South migration.
The purpose of this paper is to provide both a general overview of the socio-economic context of ... more The purpose of this paper is to provide both a general overview of the socio-economic context of each of the partner countries and cities and to explore the role that universities can play and what they can contribute in supporting and enhancing socio-economic development in the pursuit of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It also tales a critical approach to examine some of the global rankings and indicators used to measure or rank ‘development’. This is followed by examples of some of challenges the SUEUAA cities and regions face and examples of engagement through research and other initiatives that universities are currently undertaking in collaboration or partnership with city stakeholders including those in local communities to address some of the identified challenges that face their cities and countries more generally.
This study developed and validated an instrument to measure the level of internationalization of ... more This study developed and validated an instrument to measure the level of internationalization of Teacher Education Institutions (TEIs) in the Philippines and beyond. It was anchored on a research commissioned by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) to Padama, E. et al. (2010) which developed a conceptual framework in internationalizing private HEIs in the Philippines. The research established the content validity and the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of a 4-point scale rubric covering four (4) domains, nine (9) dimensions, and fifty-four essential indicators in internationalizing TEIs in the Philippines and even beyond its borders. The rubric provides a concrete assessment tool that can help TEIs particularly in the Philippines to gauge their level of internationalization, therefore, to serve as basis in improving their programs and processes to be at par with international standards
The Church and State’s separation is maintained through a Constitutional provision, but such ha... more The Church and State’s separation is maintained through a Constitutional provision, but such has caused controversies because the Catholic Church remains vocal in its political stand. Political leaders have accused church leaders with meddling on socio-political affairs. Religion is seldom critically examined in that statements and opinions of its leaders are readily accepted by believers. In this light the Pastoral Letters issued by the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines released after the Martial Law years were examined, given that the restored democracy safeguarded freedom of expression and speech. Analysis was done using Jager’s (2001), Osgood’s (in Littlejohn, 1996), Fairclough’s (1995), and Delia’s (1987) theories. Textual organization, linguistic components focusing on agency, topicalization, modality, and coherence, presupposition, ideology, and constructs on religiosity, law and order, and politics were crafted to guarantee favorable response from t...
Making space for women in universities and encouraging their participation in various sectors hav... more Making space for women in universities and encouraging their participation in various sectors have become some of the primary goals on many national and regional agendas in the Global South. However, feminist scholars have pointed out that gender mainstreaming failed to accomplish its goals as it primarily encouraged the integration of women in already compromised neoliberal and patriarchal structures, therefore ignoring the collective responsibilities for gender-based inequalities (Alston, 2014). Recently, there has been a shift by feminist researchers to focus on wider issues of gender and development, to account for the wide range of interrelated issues which may be at play in gender-based inequalities. In this paper, we explore the policies and actions towards gender mainstreaming (both in terms of public engagement, interventions, as well as discussions surrounding empowerment of women). By looking at three case study cities, Manila (Philippines), Duhok (Iraq) and Sanandaj (Ira...
This is a case study that looked into the pedagogy of transformative education applied to a cours... more This is a case study that looked into the pedagogy of transformative education applied to a course in Women Studies in one of the Teacher Education Institutions based in Manila, Philippines. Two sets of cases were included in this study. the first set were the twenty (20) students who facilitated the action research and the second set were the fifteen (15) women who developed the projects in one of the communities in Manila. It investigated how various action research projects of students in Women Studies were able to develop lifelong learning skills that led to empowerment of women in the community. These lifelong learning skills acquired by women include acquiring new mindset, strength of character, sharing one’s knowledge, having new disposition in life, taking care of one’s body and building self-confidence, patience and resiliency. Lifelong learning skills were not limited to the women in the community. Since students of Women Studies developed action research projects, the pro...
To respond effectively to (un)expected realities (effects of climate change, environmental degrad... more To respond effectively to (un)expected realities (effects of climate change, environmental degradation, war and migration, accelerated urbanization), universities in Asia and Africa are called upon to accomplish their third mission by getting more involved in local municipalities and addressing city-level challenges. However, universities are not always prepared for this third mission, and policies reveal different levels of preparedness. Through a thematic rhetorical analysis of a wide range of policies, this paper argues that university policy discourses build on different, and oftentimes competing, approaches to university engagement. A detailed analysis of policies in six cities (Dar es Salaam, Duhok, Harare, Johanesburgh, Manila, and Sanandaj) reveals how HEIs align with (un)expected social realities and work with local municipalities. While university-city partnerships exist in all six contexts, policies oftentimes remain broad in scope and provide little guidance to support r...
Early childhood years serve as a prime time for learning and growth into a responsible individual... more Early childhood years serve as a prime time for learning and growth into a responsible individual. In cognizance of this fact, one research highlighted that children who lack personal/social skills can display a variety of problems. A workable framework anchored on the competencies identified by the Department of Education (DepEd) and the American School Counselor Association (ASCA) was used in this study to explore and underscore personal and social competencies as output of the Kindergarten Model. The case study using observations of and in-depth interviews with 10 kindergarten teachers was utilized. Structured and unstructured interviews were conducted through one-on-one interviews and focusgroup discussion (FGD), which led to the emergence of six themes and 18 codes as empirical data. These themes were centralized on self; structuring relationships; diverse difficulties; influential issues; acquiring self-knowledge; and constellation of relationships. The study puts forward that...
Education is an important agency in building the ASEAN community. It is the main vehicle to raise... more Education is an important agency in building the ASEAN community. It is the main vehicle to raise ASEAN awareness, inspire the “we feeling” and create a sense of belonging and understanding of the richness of ASEAN history, languages, culture and human values. Education among young people is seen as the fastest and most effective means to create awareness and pride in being part of ASEAN. The logical promoters of this consciousness are the teachers who will transmit this need to be nurtured by the institutions that shaped their identities as teachers. Are these institutions responsive to ASEAN’s demands for an integrated socio-cultural community? An examination of the Vision Mission Goals (VMGs) of selected ASEAN teacher training institutions indicates their efforts towards national development and internationalization - recognition and leadership in the region. Their respective curricula, particularly in the Humanities and Social Sciences show a strong promotion of national identit...
The educational practice worldwide doesn't adequately promote early school leavers’ learning ... more The educational practice worldwide doesn't adequately promote early school leavers’ learning (Europe 2020). Despite the fact that the education system of Latvia offers evening (shift) schools as a measure to engage such people in learning, in Latvia in the third quarter of 2010 out of the total number of 245.6 thousand inhabitants (aged 18-24) 72.9 thousand did not have secondary education but 30.7 thousand were not engaged in any kind of learning. One of the obstacles preventing adults from returning to school is the discrepancy between the quality of offer provided by the evening (shift) school and the demand the adults can accept. This fact is the key problem that the Ministry of Education and Science of Latvia (MOES) will solve. Due the radical reduction of the number of young people leaving school early word wide this issue is significant also in the ASEM countries and world wide in general. The collaborative study “Identification of New Challenges and Opportunities of Enga...
Universities play a critical role in the delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals through th... more Universities play a critical role in the delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals through the third mission, i.e. public engagement activities. However, female academics miss opportunities to be part of this mission because they are caught in many roles that prevent them from getting involved in the SDGs. In light of SDG5, Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls, we conducted interviews with twenty female academics from Iran and the Philippines to investigate their aspirations, opportunities and experiences with public engagement activities. Our findings show that, while recent gender policies have enabled female academics to develop robust careers, their contributions beyond the walls of the university remain limited because of longstanding patriarchal structures, distrust in women’s professional expertise and unchanged systemic constraints. By bringing women’s engagement activities forward and supporting them in the delivery of the SDGs, we reframe current deb...
The educational practice worldwide doesn't adequately promote early school leavers’ learning ... more The educational practice worldwide doesn't adequately promote early school leavers’ learning (Europe 2020). Despite the fact that the education system of Latvia offers evening (shift) schools as a measure to engage such people in learning, in Latvia in the third quarter of 2010 out of the total number of 245.6 thousand inhabitants (aged 18-24) 72.9 thousand did not have secondary education but 30.7 thousand were not engaged in any kind of learning. One of the obstacles preventing adults from returning to school is the discrepancy between the quality of offer provided by the evening (shift) school and the demand the adults can accept. This fact is the key problem that the Ministry of Education and Science of Latvia (MOES) will solve. Due the radical reduction of the number of young people leaving school early word wide this issue is significant also in the ASEM countries and world wide in general. The collaborative study “Identification of New Challenges and Opportunities of Enga...
The study explored attributes of Filipino learners from the lens of social and emotional developm... more The study explored attributes of Filipino learners from the lens of social and emotional development to provide up-to-date data on developmental tasks of Filipino children from kinder to Grade 10. Learners' attributes and developmental characteristics are important data in drawing program standards and learning area competencies in educational practice. Using the case study method with research techniques such as interview of students, teachers and parents, observation and survey of teachers, results reveal that Filipino learners can be at par with the characteristics and developmental tasks presented by educational theorist. However, there are distinct Filipino socio-emotional attributes which can become the bases of learning standards for Filipinos. A number of tasks of Filipino learners are shown within the context of Filipino culture and realities. Since this research is exploratory, new areas of study have emerged. Social and emotional components may be studied through language, stories and everyday life situations of children. Studies comparing the developmental characteristics of children and the competencies of various learning areas in the K-12 curriculum may also be investigated.
This qualitative case research analyzed the gender-based violence (GBV) encountered by university... more This qualitative case research analyzed the gender-based violence (GBV) encountered by university students and their empowering actions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study utilized online in-depth unstructured interviews among eight cases selected for their experience with violence. Using thematic analysis, emerging themes from the interview data included different forms of GBV; such as physical, sexual, psychological, economic, and online, while their empowering strategies were undertaken at the personal, relational, and social levels. This study showed the importance of being empowered to prevail over oppressive experiences. Lessons from the process provided input in applying the principles of transformative education. Expectedly, the findings will address issues on policy research on GBV and methodological challenges in transformative education.
In cognizance of the role of graduate education in human capital development and nation building,... more In cognizance of the role of graduate education in human capital development and nation building, the present study aimed to assess the status of graduate teacher education in the Philippines by describing the profile of graduate teacher education programs in both public and private higher education institutions (HEIs). To achieve the purpose of the study, the researchers used a descriptive research design wherein profile data on HEIs’ program offerings, program accreditation levels, and enrolment and graduation data were gathered from the Philippine Commission on Higher Education (CHED) 2017 databases. The research yielded results which served as basis for the researchers in making observations and identifying prospects for improvement of the quality of profile and status of the country's graduate teacher education programs. The implications of the results to policy development, curricular reforms, and future research are discussed.
My long involvement with women’s studies has made me sensitive to what Iread. I automatically cla... more My long involvement with women’s studies has made me sensitive to what Iread. I automatically classify books as either sexist or not. I examine theparticipation of women and the biases against them in many books that I use in teaching social science subjects. As one writer states: No one has ever devised a method for de-taching the scholar from the circumstances in life, from the fact of his involvement (con-scious or unconscious) with a class, a set of beliefs, a social position, or from the mere activity of being a member of a society. No production of knowledge in the human sciences can ever ignore or disclaim its au-thor’s involvement as a human subject in his own circumstance (Said, in Saigol 1995). I support an antipatriarchal ideology and envision a society that pursues gender equity in the area of education. Gender-fair educa-
This thematic paper is a contribution to our understanding of ways in which universities within t... more This thematic paper is a contribution to our understanding of ways in which universities within the Global South can and do engage with the challenge of internal and external migration. Migration is one of the most significant global challenges. According to the United Nations International Migration Report (2017), the number of international migrants worldwide has increased significantly from 173 million in 2000 to 258 million in 2017. In 2017, over 78 million international migrants lived in Europe, 80 million lived in Asia, and 25 million lived in Africa. Despite these patterns of migration, a Western-centric perspective dominates the literature and research with the focus being on Global South to Global North migration (i.e. migration to Europe or North America) or exclusively migration within the Global North. Less is known about Global South-Global South migration.
The purpose of this paper is to provide both a general overview of the socio-economic context of ... more The purpose of this paper is to provide both a general overview of the socio-economic context of each of the partner countries and cities and to explore the role that universities can play and what they can contribute in supporting and enhancing socio-economic development in the pursuit of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It also tales a critical approach to examine some of the global rankings and indicators used to measure or rank ‘development’. This is followed by examples of some of challenges the SUEUAA cities and regions face and examples of engagement through research and other initiatives that universities are currently undertaking in collaboration or partnership with city stakeholders including those in local communities to address some of the identified challenges that face their cities and countries more generally.
This study developed and validated an instrument to measure the level of internationalization of ... more This study developed and validated an instrument to measure the level of internationalization of Teacher Education Institutions (TEIs) in the Philippines and beyond. It was anchored on a research commissioned by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) to Padama, E. et al. (2010) which developed a conceptual framework in internationalizing private HEIs in the Philippines. The research established the content validity and the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of a 4-point scale rubric covering four (4) domains, nine (9) dimensions, and fifty-four essential indicators in internationalizing TEIs in the Philippines and even beyond its borders. The rubric provides a concrete assessment tool that can help TEIs particularly in the Philippines to gauge their level of internationalization, therefore, to serve as basis in improving their programs and processes to be at par with international standards
The Church and State’s separation is maintained through a Constitutional provision, but such ha... more The Church and State’s separation is maintained through a Constitutional provision, but such has caused controversies because the Catholic Church remains vocal in its political stand. Political leaders have accused church leaders with meddling on socio-political affairs. Religion is seldom critically examined in that statements and opinions of its leaders are readily accepted by believers. In this light the Pastoral Letters issued by the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines released after the Martial Law years were examined, given that the restored democracy safeguarded freedom of expression and speech. Analysis was done using Jager’s (2001), Osgood’s (in Littlejohn, 1996), Fairclough’s (1995), and Delia’s (1987) theories. Textual organization, linguistic components focusing on agency, topicalization, modality, and coherence, presupposition, ideology, and constructs on religiosity, law and order, and politics were crafted to guarantee favorable response from t...
Making space for women in universities and encouraging their participation in various sectors hav... more Making space for women in universities and encouraging their participation in various sectors have become some of the primary goals on many national and regional agendas in the Global South. However, feminist scholars have pointed out that gender mainstreaming failed to accomplish its goals as it primarily encouraged the integration of women in already compromised neoliberal and patriarchal structures, therefore ignoring the collective responsibilities for gender-based inequalities (Alston, 2014). Recently, there has been a shift by feminist researchers to focus on wider issues of gender and development, to account for the wide range of interrelated issues which may be at play in gender-based inequalities. In this paper, we explore the policies and actions towards gender mainstreaming (both in terms of public engagement, interventions, as well as discussions surrounding empowerment of women). By looking at three case study cities, Manila (Philippines), Duhok (Iraq) and Sanandaj (Ira...
This is a case study that looked into the pedagogy of transformative education applied to a cours... more This is a case study that looked into the pedagogy of transformative education applied to a course in Women Studies in one of the Teacher Education Institutions based in Manila, Philippines. Two sets of cases were included in this study. the first set were the twenty (20) students who facilitated the action research and the second set were the fifteen (15) women who developed the projects in one of the communities in Manila. It investigated how various action research projects of students in Women Studies were able to develop lifelong learning skills that led to empowerment of women in the community. These lifelong learning skills acquired by women include acquiring new mindset, strength of character, sharing one’s knowledge, having new disposition in life, taking care of one’s body and building self-confidence, patience and resiliency. Lifelong learning skills were not limited to the women in the community. Since students of Women Studies developed action research projects, the pro...
To respond effectively to (un)expected realities (effects of climate change, environmental degrad... more To respond effectively to (un)expected realities (effects of climate change, environmental degradation, war and migration, accelerated urbanization), universities in Asia and Africa are called upon to accomplish their third mission by getting more involved in local municipalities and addressing city-level challenges. However, universities are not always prepared for this third mission, and policies reveal different levels of preparedness. Through a thematic rhetorical analysis of a wide range of policies, this paper argues that university policy discourses build on different, and oftentimes competing, approaches to university engagement. A detailed analysis of policies in six cities (Dar es Salaam, Duhok, Harare, Johanesburgh, Manila, and Sanandaj) reveals how HEIs align with (un)expected social realities and work with local municipalities. While university-city partnerships exist in all six contexts, policies oftentimes remain broad in scope and provide little guidance to support r...
Early childhood years serve as a prime time for learning and growth into a responsible individual... more Early childhood years serve as a prime time for learning and growth into a responsible individual. In cognizance of this fact, one research highlighted that children who lack personal/social skills can display a variety of problems. A workable framework anchored on the competencies identified by the Department of Education (DepEd) and the American School Counselor Association (ASCA) was used in this study to explore and underscore personal and social competencies as output of the Kindergarten Model. The case study using observations of and in-depth interviews with 10 kindergarten teachers was utilized. Structured and unstructured interviews were conducted through one-on-one interviews and focusgroup discussion (FGD), which led to the emergence of six themes and 18 codes as empirical data. These themes were centralized on self; structuring relationships; diverse difficulties; influential issues; acquiring self-knowledge; and constellation of relationships. The study puts forward that...
Education is an important agency in building the ASEAN community. It is the main vehicle to raise... more Education is an important agency in building the ASEAN community. It is the main vehicle to raise ASEAN awareness, inspire the “we feeling” and create a sense of belonging and understanding of the richness of ASEAN history, languages, culture and human values. Education among young people is seen as the fastest and most effective means to create awareness and pride in being part of ASEAN. The logical promoters of this consciousness are the teachers who will transmit this need to be nurtured by the institutions that shaped their identities as teachers. Are these institutions responsive to ASEAN’s demands for an integrated socio-cultural community? An examination of the Vision Mission Goals (VMGs) of selected ASEAN teacher training institutions indicates their efforts towards national development and internationalization - recognition and leadership in the region. Their respective curricula, particularly in the Humanities and Social Sciences show a strong promotion of national identit...
The educational practice worldwide doesn't adequately promote early school leavers’ learning ... more The educational practice worldwide doesn't adequately promote early school leavers’ learning (Europe 2020). Despite the fact that the education system of Latvia offers evening (shift) schools as a measure to engage such people in learning, in Latvia in the third quarter of 2010 out of the total number of 245.6 thousand inhabitants (aged 18-24) 72.9 thousand did not have secondary education but 30.7 thousand were not engaged in any kind of learning. One of the obstacles preventing adults from returning to school is the discrepancy between the quality of offer provided by the evening (shift) school and the demand the adults can accept. This fact is the key problem that the Ministry of Education and Science of Latvia (MOES) will solve. Due the radical reduction of the number of young people leaving school early word wide this issue is significant also in the ASEM countries and world wide in general. The collaborative study “Identification of New Challenges and Opportunities of Enga...
Universities play a critical role in the delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals through th... more Universities play a critical role in the delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals through the third mission, i.e. public engagement activities. However, female academics miss opportunities to be part of this mission because they are caught in many roles that prevent them from getting involved in the SDGs. In light of SDG5, Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls, we conducted interviews with twenty female academics from Iran and the Philippines to investigate their aspirations, opportunities and experiences with public engagement activities. Our findings show that, while recent gender policies have enabled female academics to develop robust careers, their contributions beyond the walls of the university remain limited because of longstanding patriarchal structures, distrust in women’s professional expertise and unchanged systemic constraints. By bringing women’s engagement activities forward and supporting them in the delivery of the SDGs, we reframe current deb...
The educational practice worldwide doesn't adequately promote early school leavers’ learning ... more The educational practice worldwide doesn't adequately promote early school leavers’ learning (Europe 2020). Despite the fact that the education system of Latvia offers evening (shift) schools as a measure to engage such people in learning, in Latvia in the third quarter of 2010 out of the total number of 245.6 thousand inhabitants (aged 18-24) 72.9 thousand did not have secondary education but 30.7 thousand were not engaged in any kind of learning. One of the obstacles preventing adults from returning to school is the discrepancy between the quality of offer provided by the evening (shift) school and the demand the adults can accept. This fact is the key problem that the Ministry of Education and Science of Latvia (MOES) will solve. Due the radical reduction of the number of young people leaving school early word wide this issue is significant also in the ASEM countries and world wide in general. The collaborative study “Identification of New Challenges and Opportunities of Enga...
The study explored attributes of Filipino learners from the lens of social and emotional developm... more The study explored attributes of Filipino learners from the lens of social and emotional development to provide up-to-date data on developmental tasks of Filipino children from kinder to Grade 10. Learners' attributes and developmental characteristics are important data in drawing program standards and learning area competencies in educational practice. Using the case study method with research techniques such as interview of students, teachers and parents, observation and survey of teachers, results reveal that Filipino learners can be at par with the characteristics and developmental tasks presented by educational theorist. However, there are distinct Filipino socio-emotional attributes which can become the bases of learning standards for Filipinos. A number of tasks of Filipino learners are shown within the context of Filipino culture and realities. Since this research is exploratory, new areas of study have emerged. Social and emotional components may be studied through language, stories and everyday life situations of children. Studies comparing the developmental characteristics of children and the competencies of various learning areas in the K-12 curriculum may also be investigated.
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