English

Near the end of Qasr as-shawq (Palace of Desire), the second volume in Naguib Mahfouz's famous novel The Cairo Trilogy, one of the principal characters, Kamāl ʿAbd al-Jawād runs into his older brother Yāsīn at ʿAyūsha-Rose's brothel on Massage Street. The encounter is accidental and surprising, especially for Yāsīn, who has known Kamāl as religiously devout, only to discover that he is now one of Rose's favorites. Unexpectedly finding his bookish youngest brother drinking and whoring so bemuses Yāsīn that he invites him to a night of drinking, during which he offers a genetic explanation for the two brothers' hedonist tendencies, regaling Kamāl with stories of their father's own celebrated hedonism. Thus Kamāl first learns that the morally absolutist, pious, and tyrannical Ahmad ʿAbd al-Jawād he knows at home is publicly the convivial friend, hedonistic philanderer, and lover as-Sayyid Ahmad. Rather pleased at learning his father is as much a lover and friend as he is a sanctimonious tyrant, Kamāl returns home very late and very drunk, only to be severely reproached by that same father for staying out late. He is then consoled by his mother, who, explaining that his father's severity comes from wanting to protect Kamāl's uprightboundary 2 34:2 (2007)

The idea for this special issue of boundary 2 has a complicated genealogy. Its beginnings go back to the summer of 1985, when I had been asked by Harold Bloom to contribute an original essay for the Ralph Ellison volume of his Modern Critical Views series. I was a graduate student at the University of Minnesota at the time and had just met Henry Louis Gates Jr. at the Cultural Critique conference in Berkeley, California, on minority discourse. It was Skip to whom I was indebted for the opportunity extended by Bloom, which I botched. That failure, however, was the occasion for the beginning of the idea for this issue of boundary 2. I had begun to write a piece on the theory of language entailed in Ellison's understanding of the blues as an ironic practice of signification in which experience has no categorical foundation. In particular, I was trying to think about how the Negro, ever lurking in Invisible Man, and boldly delineated in Ellison's Shadow and Act essays, figured in his theory of the blues. Did it figure in as the agency of signifying practice, or as a function of the practice, the origin of whose agency was indeterminate? Pursuing the his

When Jonathan Arac and I sat down in my dining room four years ago in July 1999-at his strong suggestion, I must say-we could have and perhaps dared to imagine much of what was to transpire in the imminent future of the world, particularly in the two months just prior to the November 2001 conference we were planning. That July dining room discussion was a moment in a continuing, albeit sporadic, conversation about Ralph Ellison that Jonathan and I had been having for some years since I first came to the University of Pittsburgh in 1993. Over time, the focus of our conversation became the significance of Ellison's work in the formation of American intelligence during the postwar period just after the Second World War. ''The formation of American intelligence during the postwar period.'' How absurd that phrase sounds today, and so appropriately American in its absurdity. An absurdity whose import is aptly articulated in the mercurial consolidation in the last five years of the past century of Ralph Ellison's stature as a novelist and essayist. Evidence of this was to be found in the 1993 New Yorker profile commemorating Ellison's eightieth birthday, and in the 1995 publication of the Modern Library Collected Essays. The culboundary 2 30:2, 2003.

Let me state from the outset that I have spent some time struggling with how to understand my relationship to this occasion, and, frankly, came to a view somewhat analogous to that of the pre-Islamic poet Amru' al-Qaiys's at the news of his father, the king of al-Kind's assassination: He wasted my youth, and burdened my maturity with his blood Today no sobriety, Tomorrow no drunkenness Today drink, and tomorrow duty

Je tiens à exprimer mon profond respect et mes chaleureux remerciements à Alice Desclaux sans qui ce projet n'aurait ni vu le jour, ni pu être conduit à terme. Son accompagnement continu durant cette période m'a permis de mener l'aventure de la thèse avec enthousiasme et d'améliorer la qualité de mon travail au fil des années. J'exprime ma sincère gratitude à Robert Deliège dont les commentaires réguliers au sujet de mon travail m'ont encouragé à affiner mon raisonnement et dont les écrits m'ont permis appréhender le contexte social de l'Inde contemporaine. Je remercie chaleureusement Jean Pierre Muller, directeur à l'Institut Français de Pondichéry ainsi que le Dr. P.Marudanayagam, directeur du Pondichéry Institute of Linguistics and Culture pour m'avoir accueillie en tant que chercheur affiliée dans leur institution respective. Je remercie vivement Patrice Cohen à l'origine de la mise en place de la collaboration avec le Pondicherry Institute of Linguistics and Culture nécessaire au lancement du projet. Je le remercie également pour nos échanges et pour m'avoir offert l'occasion de publier une partie de mon travail au sujet des matrones. Je dois également beaucoup à Laurent Pordié qui m'a intégrée dans les activités de Nomad Rsi puis dans l'équipe du département des sciences sociales de l'Institut Français de Pondichéry. Je le remercie pour les échanges professionnels et amicaux que nous poursuivons depuis six ans et pour toutes les opportunités qu'il m'a donné l'occasion d'exposer mon travail et de publier. J'ai eu la chance de pouvoir mener ce travail sereinement grâce au soutien généreux de l'Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le Sida (ANRS) et de l'organisation Sidaction. Cette aide m'a fourni un confort matériel et un statut dont malheureusement peu de doctorants ont la chance de bénéficier. Je tiens à exprimer ma sincère gratitude aux représentants de ces institutions et à leurs donateurs. Le travail ethnographique n'aurait pu être mené sans la précieuse collaboration de Pragathi Vellore, maître de conférence au Pondicherry Institute of Linguistics and Culture que je remercie pour ses qualités en tant qu'assistante de recherche et pour sa précieuse amitié. Les noms des gens, des lieux, des castes et des divinités sont notés sans caractères diacritiques. Source : Tamil Lexicon (1924Lexicon ( -1936)). Ainsi, l'anthropologie de la naissance peut être définie comme un axe de recherche de l'anthropologie de la reproduction. Ce domaine de recherche s'intéresse à la manière dont les personnes, dans divers contextes culturels et dans des sousgroupes sociaux variés à l'intérieur d'une culture, reconnaissent et définissent leurs 7 J'étudierai cette question ultérieurement. Ce travail de recherche présente quatre ethnographies menées dans le cadre des « systèmes de naissance » précédemment décrits. La confrontation avec les contraintes diverses qui limitaient mon accès aux terrains de recherche envisagés m'a conduite à opter pour une méthode que je qualifie d'« approche par réseau ». Les premières prises de contacts avec les responsables d'institutions biomédicales ont rapidement révélé la difficulté d'obtenir les autorisations de recherche nécessaires. C'est en raison de cette contrainte majeure que j'ai construit ma stratégie d'identification des terrains de recherche. Dans un premier temps, j'ai privilégié l'étude de la maternité en milieu populaire, qui en dehors de contacts personnels initiaux ne demande aucune autorisation administrative préalable. Le village de Karik 13 a été choisi en raison des relations amicales précédemment établis sur place par Pragathi, l'assistante de recherche, que je présenterai ci-dessous. Certes, cette 12 Je décrirai plus loin la construction théorique de mon objet d'étude. 13 Je présente une ethnographie de ce village dans la partie I. * * * 151 Voir le chapitre 1 de cette partie à ce sujet.

This study aims to describe the improvement of students' learning activities, describe the improvement of teacher's teaching skills in learning management, and to find out the improvement of students' mathematical understanding by using Jigsaw's learning model with three-dimensional snake ladder game on geometrical properties in grade III of SD N 3 Ngeling. The classroom action research has been conducted in grade III SD N 3 Ngeling with 28 research subjects. The result of the research shows that mathematical understanding on properties of flat building a significant percentage reached the average percentage between cycle I (71.43%) and cycle II (82.14%). It supported by the improvement of student learning activities and teacher's teaching skills in each cycle. Students learning activity has improved from the average score 2.31 in cycle I with sufficient criteria; it improves to 2.53 in cycle II with good criteria. The results of teacher's teaching skills also improved from the average score 3.07 with good criteria, increased to an average score 3.35 in cycle II with very good criteria Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan peningkatan aktivitas belajar siswa, mendeskripsikan peningkatan keterampilan mengajar guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran, dan menemukan peningkatan kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa menggunakan model pembelajaran Jigsaw dengan permainan ular tangga tiga dimensi (ULTRA 3D) pada sifat-sifat bangun datar pada kelas III SD N 3 Ngeling. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini telah dilaksanakan di kelas III SD N 3 Ngeling dengan subjek penelitian 28 siswa dan peneliti sebagai guru. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan pemahaman matematis pada materi sifat-sifat bangun datar yang signifikan yang mencapai rata-rata presentase antara siklus I (71,43%) dan siklus II (82,14%). Rata-rata aktivitas belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan dari skor rata-rata 2,31 dengan kriteria cukup baik pada siklus I, mengalami peningkatan menjadi 2,53 pada siklus II dengan kriteria baik. Hasil keterampilan mengajar guru juga mengalami peningkatan dari skor rata-rata 3,07 dengan kriteria baik, meningkat menjadi skor rata-rata sebesar 3,35 pada siklus II dengan kriteria sangat baik

Rhetoric should be accorded a more central place in Aristotle's "Poetics" than it is usually given.  Treating rhetoric as "thought" or "dianoia" overemphasizes logos at the expense of ethos and pathos. Aristotle himself restores pathos to dianoia but fails to see that ethos, separated off as character, must belong to it as well.  A reconsideration of the "Poetics" in these terms opens the possibility of thought or speech being the principal object of imitation, not a tertiary, ambiguously defined part of tragedy.

We'll read primary texts from the classical Greek to the twentiethcentury French, British, Russian, Italian, and American with an eye to orienting ourselves to the theories and practices of criticism they underwrite and to the shifting place of literature and criticism in rhetoric, poetics, education, aesthetics, psychology, politics and ethics. Students should gain an overview of key terms, questions, theoretical perspectives and controversies that inform contemporary literary studies.