Books by Pelle Guldborg Hansen
It is said that we live in an information society, and not least thanks to new technologies, info... more It is said that we live in an information society, and not least thanks to new technologies, information is rarely in short supply. This is often viewed as a benefit; it can make users, citizens and decision makers better informed and knowledgeable.
Information can also be exploited strategically to manipulate and distort, to influence people's thinking, decisions and actions, both individually and collectively, which may ultimately have implications for democratic processes.
Blind spots of Enlightenment overviews a series of information phenomena that occur in our daily lives, and analyze these in a systematic manner based on the philosophy of social psychology, economy, decision-making and game theory. The book shows how such information phenomena can be used to educate, but also to manipulate people, opinions and markets.
Game Theory: 5 Questions is a collection of short interviews based on 5 questions presented to so... more Game Theory: 5 Questions is a collection of short interviews based on 5 questions presented to some of the most influential and prominent scholars in the field. We hear their views on game theory, its aim, scope, use, the future direction of game theory and how their work fits in these respects.
Contributions from Robert Aumann, Johan van Benthem, Cristina Bicchieri, Ken Binmore, Adam Brandenburger, Colin F. Camerer, Alan Grafen, Peter Hammerstein, Sergiu Hart, Ehud Kalai, David M. Kreps, Herve Moulin, Rohit Parikh, Ariel Rubinstein, Larry Samuelson, Thomas C. Schelling, Brian Skyrms, Robert Sugden, H. Peyton Young
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Papers by Pelle Guldborg Hansen
Handbook of Behavioural Change and Public Policy, 2019
La Villa Méditerranée entre discours officiel et opinion publique Au cours de l'année 2013, l'ann... more La Villa Méditerranée entre discours officiel et opinion publique Au cours de l'année 2013, l'année de Marseille-Provence Capitale Européenne de la Culture, la ville de Marseille s'est vue enrichie par plusieurs lieux culturels permanents ou éphémères. Le Musée des Civilisations de l'Europe et de la Méditerranée (MuCEM), le Frac, le J1, le Château Borély, le Musée d'Histoire de Marseille, entre autres, ont ouvert leurs portes pour la première fois en 2013 ou les ont réouvertes après des travaux de rénovation. Parmi les nouveaux lieux culturels figure également un nouvel espace emblématique de ce renouvellement culturel et urbanistique : la Villa Méditerranée 61. Inaugurée au mois d'avril 2013, avec ses 10.000 mètres carrés d'espaces utiles, blancs et lumineux et sa présence architecturale remarquable, elle a su rapidement gagner une place d'excellence dans le panorama culturel marseillais, non sans avoir un écho important dans la presse et au sein de l'opinion publique. 60 Cet article s'inscrit dans le cadre du programme de recherche "Publics et pratiques culturelles dans une capitale européenne de la culture-Marseille Provence 2013",
Ambient backscatter is an emerging green communication technology that exploits the environmental... more Ambient backscatter is an emerging green communication technology that exploits the environmental radio frequency (RF) signals to enable passive devices to communicate with each other. This paper investigates channel capacity and outage performance of ambient backscatter communication systems. Specifically, a calculation method is proposed to facilitate capacity analysis, and the ambient backscatter system capacities are derived in the case of four different RF signals. It is surprisingly found that the channel capacity is obtained when the RF signals are not equiprobably backscattered by tag, and that the capacity with complex Gaussian RF signals is not exactly twice that with real ones for the ambient backscatter communication systems. Then, the outage probability and its asymptotic value in the high signalto-noise ratio regime are obtained. Since the exact outage expression consists of an infinite number of terms, a tight truncation error bound is derived to reasonably estimate the number of effective terms for numerical simulation. Finally, simulation results are provided to corroborate theoretical analysis. INDEX TERMS Ambient backscatter, channel capacity, Gaussian variable, Internet of Things, outage probability, performance analysis.
De sidste 10 år har vi været vidner til opkomsten af et nyt evidensbaseret policyparadigme, Behav... more De sidste 10 år har vi været vidner til opkomsten af et nyt evidensbaseret policyparadigme, Behavioural Public Policy (BPP), der søger at integrere teoretiske og metodiske indsigter fra adfærdsvidenskaberne i offentlig politikudvikling. Arbejdet med BPP har dog båret præg af at være usystematisk såvel som centreret omkring best-cases, der hverken angiver forudsætninger for eller processerne involveret i, udviklingen af adfærdsbaseret politik. I denne artikel præsenteres basic; en diagnostisk tilgang til at integrere teoretiske og metodiske indsigter fra adfærdsvidenskaberne i udviklingen af BPP. Tilgangen består dels af den overordnede proces-model basic og dels af et iboende framework, abcd, der er en model for systematisk adfærdsanalyse, udvikling, test og implementering af adfærdsrettede løsningskoncepter. basic gør det muligt for forskere og offentligt ansatte bedre at begribe faserne involveret i den forsvarlige udvikling af adfærdsrettede politikker samt hvordan relevante adfæ...
In his Convention (1969) David Lewis defined conventions as behavioural regularities instantiatin... more In his Convention (1969) David Lewis defined conventions as behavioural regularities instantiating proper coordination equilibria made salient by precedent and operational by this being common knowledge. While later proponents of game theoretical approaches in the study of convention have agreed on dropping Lewis’ eccentric ‘coordination’ requirement as well as that of common knowledge, they are confused on whether conventions should be regarded as proper thereby precluding mixed equilibria. In this paper I argue that mixed equilibria may not be conventions, but also suggest that the reason for this reveals that though common knowledge is not necessary for a convention to operate, it may be utilized as to identify the conventional aspect of a given practice.
ABSTRACT Within the last decade or so theories of inductive learning in games have increasingly b... more ABSTRACT Within the last decade or so theories of inductive learning in games have increasingly become the primary approach in the construction of models for explaining how agents may resolve repeated coordination problems as well as the emergence social conventions at the more general level. However, looking closer at a paradigm case of such models, the Dirichlet model, this paper argues that such models only work for explaining emergence if presupposing pre-tailored and ad hoc conceptualizations of the recurrent decision problem faced by the agents. It then argues that such conceptualization itself rest on convention and thus that the models only work by begging the question they were thought to answer. Finally, the paper points to the possibility that a non-circular solution to the problem of conceptualization may be found in an understanding of the way agents reason about coordination, when the idea of repeated coordination itself acts as a frame for conceptualizing their mutual decision problem as a coordination problem.
International Review of Economics, 2011
In The Economics of Rights, Cooperation and Welfare (1986), Robert Sugden follows the tradition f... more In The Economics of Rights, Cooperation and Welfare (1986), Robert Sugden follows the tradition from Thomas Schelling and David Lewis in ascribing a central role to the notion of salience within his theory of convention. However, against this, Bruno Verbeek (Instrumental rationality and moral philosophy, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 2002) has argued that an empirically adequate notion of salience may not be incorporated into a generic account of convention without circularity obtains. This paper examines Verbeek's argument against a background of experimental as well as theoretical work on coordination problems. It finds that the argument fails to consider at least two candidate theories of salience that may be incorporated into the theory of convention without circularity: cognitive hierarchy theory that iterates Sugden's notion of psychological salience and Schelling salience. Thus, in the end Verbeek's criticism of the role ascribed to salience in theories of convention may be dismissed, though its discussion draws a fruitful perspective.
Nudging is widely portrayed as a purely inductive approach to influencing human behavior using in... more Nudging is widely portrayed as a purely inductive approach to influencing human behavior using insights from the behavioral sciences to learn what works. However, as this paper argues, to understand ‘what works’, requires not only scientists, but also policy-makers as well as practitioners to understand what cognitive mechanisms brings behavior change about as well as under what conditions. This is argued by explicating how the concept of nudge itself identifies the main condition for the efficacy of nudging as well as calls for considering what specific mechanisms mediate a nudge and its behavioral effects. The practical implications are illustrated relative to the intuitively appealing policy application of nudging people into becoming organ donors by changing the default from an opt-in to an opt-out system; and in turn reveals why prominent scientists in the field believe this policy application to be a bad idea.
Nutrients
Redesigning choice environments appears a promising approach to encourage healthier eating and ph... more Redesigning choice environments appears a promising approach to encourage healthier eating and physical activity, but little evidence exists of the feasibility of this approach in real-world settings. The aim of this paper is to portray the implementation and feasibility assessment of a 12-month mixed-methods intervention study, StopDia at Work, targeting the environment of 53 diverse worksites. The intervention was conducted within a type 2 diabetes prevention study, StopDia. We assessed feasibility through the fidelity, facilitators and barriers, and maintenance of implementation, building on implementer interviews (n = 61 informants) and observations of the worksites at six (t1) and twelve months (t2). We analysed quantitative data with Kruskall–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests and qualitative data with content analysis. Intervention sites altogether implemented 23 various choice architectural strategies (median 3, range 0–14 strategies/site), employing 21 behaviour change mechani...
Behavioural Public Policy
Surveys based on self-reported hygiene-relevant routine behaviors have played a crucial role in p... more Surveys based on self-reported hygiene-relevant routine behaviors have played a crucial role in policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this article, using anchoring to test validity in a randomized controlled survey experiment during the COVID-19 pandemic, we demonstrate that asking people to self-report on the frequency of routine behaviors are prone to significant measurement error and systematic bias. Specifically, we find that participants across age, gender, and political allegiance report higher (lower) frequencies of COVID-19-relevant behaviors when provided with a higher (lower) anchor. The results confirm that such self-reports should not be regarded as behavioral data and should primarily be used to inform policy decisions if better alternatives are not available. To this end, we discuss the use of anchoring as a validity test relative to self-reported behaviors as well as viable alternatives to self-reports when seeking to behaviorally inform policy decisions.
Aktuel Nordisk Odontologi
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Behavioural Public Policy
During the last decade, the Behavioural Insights Team (BIT) has been the main driver of establish... more During the last decade, the Behavioural Insights Team (BIT) has been the main driver of establishing behavioural public policy as a novel approach in public policy. Adhering to a set of strategic principles, BIT has succeeded in translating insights from the behavioural science literature into policy interventions to show how behavioural science may be applied to public policy in a methodologically as well as economically efficient way. However, as Sanders, Snijders and Hallsworth (2018) note in their paper, the wide-ranging transformation of public policy development that many thought possible has remained absent. In this comment, I argue that this situation itself is due, at least partly, to the strategic principles adopted by BIT, and I call for developing more ‘diagnostic’ approaches, including better tools and models, to ensure that behavioural science is not perceived as offering merely technocratic tweaks.
European Journal of Risk Regulation
In recent years the concepts of ‘nudge’ and ‘libertarian paternalism’ have become popular theoret... more In recent years the concepts of ‘nudge’ and ‘libertarian paternalism’ have become popular theoretical as well as practical concepts inside as well as outside academia. But in spite of the widespread interest, confusion reigns as to what exactly is to be regarded as a nudge and how the underlying approach to behaviour change relates to libertarian paternalism. This article sets out to improve the clarity and value of the definition of nudge by reconciling it with its theoretical foundations in behavioural economics. In doing so it not only explicates the relationship between nudges and libertarian paternalism, but also clarifies how nudges relate to incentives and information, and may even be consistent with the removal of certain types of choices. In the end we are left with a revised definition of the concept of nudge that allows for consistently categorising behaviour change interventions as such and that places them relative to libertarian paternalism.
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Books by Pelle Guldborg Hansen
Information can also be exploited strategically to manipulate and distort, to influence people's thinking, decisions and actions, both individually and collectively, which may ultimately have implications for democratic processes.
Blind spots of Enlightenment overviews a series of information phenomena that occur in our daily lives, and analyze these in a systematic manner based on the philosophy of social psychology, economy, decision-making and game theory. The book shows how such information phenomena can be used to educate, but also to manipulate people, opinions and markets.
Contributions from Robert Aumann, Johan van Benthem, Cristina Bicchieri, Ken Binmore, Adam Brandenburger, Colin F. Camerer, Alan Grafen, Peter Hammerstein, Sergiu Hart, Ehud Kalai, David M. Kreps, Herve Moulin, Rohit Parikh, Ariel Rubinstein, Larry Samuelson, Thomas C. Schelling, Brian Skyrms, Robert Sugden, H. Peyton Young
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Papers by Pelle Guldborg Hansen
Information can also be exploited strategically to manipulate and distort, to influence people's thinking, decisions and actions, both individually and collectively, which may ultimately have implications for democratic processes.
Blind spots of Enlightenment overviews a series of information phenomena that occur in our daily lives, and analyze these in a systematic manner based on the philosophy of social psychology, economy, decision-making and game theory. The book shows how such information phenomena can be used to educate, but also to manipulate people, opinions and markets.
Contributions from Robert Aumann, Johan van Benthem, Cristina Bicchieri, Ken Binmore, Adam Brandenburger, Colin F. Camerer, Alan Grafen, Peter Hammerstein, Sergiu Hart, Ehud Kalai, David M. Kreps, Herve Moulin, Rohit Parikh, Ariel Rubinstein, Larry Samuelson, Thomas C. Schelling, Brian Skyrms, Robert Sugden, H. Peyton Young
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were thought to answer. Finally, the paper points to the possibility that a non-circular solution to the problem of conceptualization may be found in an understanding of the way agents reason about coordination, when the idea
of repeated coordination itself acts as a frame for conceptualizing their mutual decision problem as a coordination problem.