Papers by Silvia Elaluf-Calderwood
2010 14th International Conference on Intelligence in Next Generation Networks, 2010
Abstract This paper outlines an ongoing programme of research, which concerns a methodology for t... more Abstract This paper outlines an ongoing programme of research, which concerns a methodology for the development and analysis of business models concerning mobile service platforms. These platforms result from the generative system that is the mobile Internet combined with mobile devices, further enhanced by advanced user interaction modalities. The mobile telecoms industry seeks to control the mobile Internet for profit, whilst maintaining its capacity for innovative and appealing content and services. The ...
Flexible Networks Final Phase 1 Deliverable. J Herzhoff, S Elaluf-Calderwood, C Sørensen Internal... more Flexible Networks Final Phase 1 Deliverable. J Herzhoff, S Elaluf-Calderwood, C Sørensen Internal Report—Mobile VCE Core 5 Research Program, London, UK, 6/2009.
In this deliverable we summarize the research work and concepts of BIONETS subproject 3 (SP3) for... more In this deliverable we summarize the research work and concepts of BIONETS subproject 3 (SP3) for topics related to BIONETS autonomic service life-cycle and service ecosystem, and provide final outcome of SP3 with regard to a novel life-cycle support that enables services to evolve over time to remain responsive to environmental changes. The deliverable extends the BIONETS SerWorks Service Framework defined in deliverables [BIONETS_D113/313] and [BIONETS_D114/314] by illustrating some of the main innovations behind the SerWorks solutions and its service Framework. Since the work in BIONETS SP3 has been distributed in several different deliverables during the project lifetime and provided quite a amount of good solutions for the stated problems, this deliverable targets to provide a comprehensive overview and summary of the BIONETS service framework solutions and main features. In the first part of the deliverable we concentrate on the SP3 solutions for service framework and service life-cycle. These solutions includes for example the MAPE (monitor, analysis, plan and execute) control loop definition for BIONETS services taking into consideration the fitness evaluation and embryogenic solutions of BIONETS. In addition we illustrate the socioeconomic metaphors and evolving business models for BIONETS services and discuss about the possibilities of BIONETS self-contained and coupled business/economic models. The first part of the document also summarizes the main mediator components for the BIONETS service life-cycle and provides the description of required primitives and interfaces. The second part of document concentrates to solutions from WP4 and SP2 which are applied to BIONETS service framework and mainly to the service composition and security. For the service security we present the identity management with which it is possible to provide unique identifiers, names, for service individuals also globally. The service name is based on combination of service specific semantic description and secret/public key pair. Using the public key cryptographic system in disconnected BIONETS type of environment it is also needed to ensure that some compromised key pairs do not compromise the whole system. For this we also present the trust and reputation management and service configurations and execution management mechanisms for the service individuals and cells. The trust and reputation management is used for monitoring the behaviour of the service in order to rate and evaluate its trustworthiness. The monitoring is carried out with frequent user feedbacks and/or specific parameters and identification of malicious services, which can be also done proactively. In practise the trust and reputation system provides the information of already running services but usually the system can be violated as soon as a services starts running (for example unauthorized processes can be executed etc.). Thus, processes which may conflict with installed security policies need appropriate assistance. For this we introduce also the service configuration and executions management, which main purpose is to prevent the executions of malicious, unauthorized services and to complement the trust and reputation mechanisms by ensuring that the configuration and execution of the service comply with the security policies of the system. Respectively to WP4 we also introduce in this deliverable some fundamental studies from the S P 2 , w h i c h h a s a n i m p a c t o f t h e s e r v i c e l i f e-c y c l e. T h e w o r k a p p l i e d f r o m t h e S P 2 concentrates on the development of a biologically-inspired interaction computing model and of its formalisation through a corresponding specification language. In the Section 3.2 we present some consideration for Lie group analysis of metabolic pathways as well as comparison and analysis of automata for service composition. The main outcome from the study is that automaton realisation of the service interaction machine is possible and can be attempted, with the objective of reproducing biological behaviour in computer science applications such as security and service composition.
The contemporary period has witnessed the rapid evolution in a wide range of mobile technology. T... more The contemporary period has witnessed the rapid evolution in a wide range of mobile technology. This book charts the profound implications these technological changes have for workers and business organizations. From an organizational point of view they have the potential to transform the nature of organizations, through allowing workers to be increasingly mobile. From the perspective of workers these changes have the potential to impact on their work-related communications, how they manage the increasingly blurred public-private divide, and the nature of the home-work boundary. These chapters provide a detailed insight into these issues through bringing together an international collection of contemporary studies and analysis and taking a critical perspective towards some of the advertised myths regarding mobile technology usage. Issues covered include: * Travel and changing nature of spatial mobility patterns. * Work-Space and Place and the 'leaking' out of organizations into more public domains. * Mobile Work Practices including detailed and heterogeneous case studies. * Home-work dynamics and the changing nature of the home-work boundary. * Implications for Public Policy For 420 years it has been possible to hire someone to drive you around London by simply going to a cab rank or hailing one on the streets. These mobile workers have since 1622 been recognised as licensed Hackney carriage drivers. Since 1851, drivers have been required to study for a license called “The Knowledge” for which they intensively study over 300 routes covering 25,000 roads and destinations in Central London. The solitary mobile working of London cabbies has traditionally also been highly individual work where drivers themselves decide where and when they work. However, the advent of mobile phones, Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Computer-Cab dispatch technology along with increased competition from unlicensed minicab companies has resulted in emerging interdependencies between drivers and the companies they obtain work from, as well as amongst drivers, in some cases as small associated communities sharing such work. The aim of this chapter is to illustrate how work that has traditionally been both highly mobile and independent is increasingly conducted in contexts of emerging mutual interdependencies. The advent of mobile Information and Communication Technologies (mICT) play a central role in establishing these interdependencies. The chapter documents dramatic changes where mICT almost serve the opposite purpose of traditional settings where the purpose of mobilising interaction through mobile phones and devices such as the Blackberry is to allow flexible choices of context within existing boundaries of mutual interdependencies. Cabbies have always moved for work but can now negotiate interdependencies, a difference from office workers which have always negotiated interdependencies, but can now physically move when mediated by the use of mobile technology.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2013
ABSTRACT The Internet is currently in a major process of change and transformation. It is moving ... more ABSTRACT The Internet is currently in a major process of change and transformation. It is moving away from a basic model of layered architecture to a modular architecture (Garud, Kumaraswamy et al. 2003) (Clark 2004) (Fransman 2010) (Yoo 2010) with integrated provisioning of digital services and products to users. Furthermore traffic volumes and asymmetry of traffic information available for analysis makes it difficult to gain a full overview of and understand these changes (Liebenau, Elaluf-Calderwood et al. 2012) (Hallingby, Hartviksen et al. 2012). Hence studying the Internet as a whole is difficult, and there are many issues with data collection, with the academic and commercial literature providing plenty of references to such problems. The analysis is made even more complicated when trying to address medium and long-term sustainability of the telecom and Internet industries (Yoo 2012). Value creation and capturing is a growing challenge to the Internet ecosystem stakeholders, seeking to re-innovate a sustainable system. Hence the Internet changes the actions of national and regional regulators. Regulators are normative acting on behalf of consumers and ensuring adequate investments in society critical infrastructure (FCC 2011). Their goals are to provide mediation using competition laws and rules as the recent French case Cogent vs. France Telecom shows (ARCEP 2012). This is particularly due to fast convergence of the Internet and telecom. The transforming state of the Internet has led many regulators around the world to make efforts to collect data for such regulatory purposes but with variable degree of success. Thus measuring the Internet remains a huge challenge, and we will suggest some ways forward in this paper. Norway is a relatively small country “in the world of the Internet” (Hallingby and Erdal 2011). However the size and other aspects of the Nordic culture (e.g. openness to accountability, sense of community at all levels of society) have created an environment in which the national regulator NPT has multiple sources of data (NPT 2012b), and also with correlated Internet data that are collected by diverse institutions. This has resulted in a clear and well explained ability to describe the Norwegian Internet (Hallingby, Erdal 2011). There is also a culture of regulatory pro-active engagement with changes to the earliest emerging of issues e.g. CDNs legal forms (NPT 2012a). This article discusses possible type of metrics required to explain the link between the Internet network measures and the Internet economic variables. First of all we are describing the emerging Internet in Norway, also indicating a more generic change. More important for the purpose of this article, we believe these metrics are very valuable to companies, users, regulators and any other stakeholders. Specifically, we show the case of Norway as an example of what type of knowledge that may be developed, how these mappings can be performed, the scope and limitations of such methodology, and how it can be used by regulatory authorities to monitor but not obstruct the development of business activities. We also review the usefulness of this type of measurement in the context of a recent regulatory analysis of CDNs in Norway.
Report D18.7 produced for the Digital Business Ecosystem Project (EU contract number 507953). A s... more Report D18.7 produced for the Digital Business Ecosystem Project (EU contract number 507953). A synthesis of social science contributions conducted within the DBE project, framed in a discussion about the role of social science in the project with the aim of deriving recommendations for a broadened framework of critical research and policy intervention in Digital Ecosystems (DE) research.
AI and Ethics
This paper outlines the ethical implications of AI from a climate perspective. So far, much of th... more This paper outlines the ethical implications of AI from a climate perspective. So far, much of the discussion around AI ethics have focused on bias, unexplainable outcomes, privacy and other social impacts of such systems. The role and contribution of AI towards climate change and the ethical implications of its contribution to an unjust distribution of impact on the planet, humans and flora and fauna have not yet been covered in detail within the technical community. Within this paper, we aim to raise some of the issues of AI associated with climate justice and we propose a framework that will allow the AI and ICT industries to measure their true impact on the planet, propose an organisational structure to take this work forward and propose future research areas for this important topic.
The battle for the growing markets of internet TV is far from ended. In this post, Silvia Elaluf-... more The battle for the growing markets of internet TV is far from ended. In this post, Silvia Elaluf-Calderwood analyses the overview and current situation of one of the key players–Netflix–and offers conclusions based on their strategy of expansion in the European market. “Internet TV is replacing linear TV. Apps are replacing channels, remote controls are disappearing, and screens are proliferating. As Internet TV grows from millions to billions, Netflix is leading the way around the world.” Neflix, 2013
On December 12-13 2012, CAIDA and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) hosted the 3rd ... more On December 12-13 2012, CAIDA and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) hosted the 3rd (invitation-only) Workshop on Internet Economics at the University of California San Diego in La Jolla, CA. LSE Tech Research Fellow Silvia Elaluf-Calderwood gives an overview of the workshop and stresses the advances and main challenges about terms and concepts used as well as data issues on communications infrastructure.
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, Dec 23, 2017
Methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are implicated in serious infection... more Methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are implicated in serious infections and nosocomial outbreaks. The choices of treatment are reduced, as they are resistant to various antibiotics. Staphylococci are the normal inhabitants of human skin and mucous membranes. Staphylococci play a role in bacteremia, endocarditis, urinary tract infections, surgical site infections, and so on. MRSA are prevalent worldwide and are an important cause of nosocomial infections, resulting in an increased morbidity and mortality in the hospital settings worldwide. 1 In order to treat the penicillin-resistant S. aureus, methicillin was first introduced in human medicine in the 1960s, but within a few years, MRSA emerged. 2 Several mechanisms for the methicillin resistance seen in S. aureus have been detected. The most important is the production of an altered penicillin-binding protein (PBP). 3 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important public health threat in India, with significant disease burden. 4 Of particular concern are the growing number of cases that have origins in the community (CA-MRSA); these infections often affect individuals without underlying risk factors for disease. Because MRSA colonizes a large number of people, can be easily spread by fomites, and survives on surfaces for months, the environment is an important element in MRSA transmission. 5
Telematics and Informatics, 2016
The conceptual framework for understanding the logical Internet is based on the construction of a... more The conceptual framework for understanding the logical Internet is based on the construction of a horizontal, layered architecture, which differentiates between physical-, data link-, network-, transport-, and application layers (1). This is different from the telecommunication networks model where a new service traditionally used to require a new network architecture to be established (2). However, the digitalization of services and products offered over the telecom infrastructure allows us to observe an emergent phenomenon of increased vertical integration on the Internet as well as the creation of further service specialization opportunities for telecom operators and users (3). We propose in this paper that this development and change in the way services are provided, leads to a new type of Internetan addition to the current best effort Internet. This paper presents the case study of the Internet in Norway, analysing 166 of the approximately 40.000 independent AS numbers registered worldwide as catering for end-to-end services. The paper categorizes the Norwegian AS numbers according to size and type of services. Through our analyses two major groups of actors can be identified, each of them seeking to gain strategic advantage from the current Internet traffic growth: 1) Content providers and hosts seek to have a highly reliable network access with a minimal set of traffic or transmission costs. One action is to acquire AS numbers and use settlement-free peering agreements for distribution of their traffic, which is possible in traffic exchange regimes rooted in symmetry, slowly becoming asymmetric; 2) Internet access providers (IAPs) seek to take control over incoming traffic growth by hosting content within their own network and thereby to rebalance traffic and create new revenue streams with content hosting and premium end-to-end connection on-net. Our findings support the hypothesis that Internet is becoming both more vertically integrated and converged, and more specialized or modularized (4).
Routledge Studies in Innovation, Organizations and Technology, 2008
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Papers by Silvia Elaluf-Calderwood