This paper presents a novel extension of the popular MP3 compression format which extends current... more This paper presents a novel extension of the popular MP3 compression format which extends current MP3 capabilities towards the efficient and compatible representation of multi-channel audio, including the widely used 5.1 surround sound. The new format features complete backward compatibility with existing stereo MP3 decoders at bit-rates comparable to those currently used to encode stereo material. The paper discusses the
IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 1992
Perceptual coding techniques have recently been applied successfully to high-quality coding of di... more Perceptual coding techniques have recently been applied successfully to high-quality coding of digital audio signals. The basic perceptual coding system uses an analysis/synthesis system to map the time-domain data into a number of frequency-domain channels. A perceptual model is used to estimate the amount of noise shaping needed in order to avoid any audible noise due to the quantization of
IEEE Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, 2002
Much interest has recently been received by systems for audio fingerprinting which enable automat... more Much interest has recently been received by systems for audio fingerprinting which enable automatic content-based identification by extracting unique signatures from the signal. Among other aspects, the main requirements for such systems include robustness to a wide range of signal distortions and availability of fast search methods, even for large fingerprint databases. This paper describes the provisions of the MPEG-7
[1991] Proceedings, Advanced Computer Technology, Reliable Systems and Applications, 1991
Based on frequency-domain techniques, coding of high-quality audio with bit rates down to 64 kbit... more Based on frequency-domain techniques, coding of high-quality audio with bit rates down to 64 kbit/s is possible. This performance is achieved using perceptual coding. Transform coding can be used to get the best performance at very low bit rates. Real-time implementations of several types of low bit rate codecs have been developed. Standardization of low bit rate audio coding systems
2003 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics (IEEE Cat. No.03TH8684), 2003
... Jurgen Herre, Eric Allamanche, Christian Erie1 ... This was examined for a (manually selected... more ... Jurgen Herre, Eric Allamanche, Christian Erie1 ... This was examined for a (manually selected) small set of 21 reference items spanning a range of rather different musical styles, such as pop, jazz, classical, rap, rhythm and blues. ...
Multimedia and Expo, 2007 IEEE International Conference on, 2007
... audio quality. Furthermore binaural decoding for headphone presentation is supported. By comb... more ... audio quality. Furthermore binaural decoding for headphone presentation is supported. By combining MPS with High-Efficiency AAC (HE-AAC), surround sound at bitrates as low as 48 kbit/s has become feasible. Using higher ...
2007 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics, 2007
Low delay perceptual audio coding has recently gained wide acceptance for high quality communicat... more Low delay perceptual audio coding has recently gained wide acceptance for high quality communication. While common schemes are based on the well-known Modified Discrete Cosine Transform (MDCT) filterbank, this paper describes novel coding algorithms that, for the first time, make use of dedicated low delay filterbanks, thus achieving improved coding efficiency while maintaining or even reducing the low codec delay. The MPEG-4 Enhanced Low Delay AAC (AAC-ELD) coder currently under development within ISO/MPEG combines a traditional perceptual audio coding scheme with spectral band replication (SBR), both running in a delay-optimized fashion by using low delay filterbanks.
... schemes do not offer a solution. The performance gain of the Temporal Noise Shaping technique... more ... schemes do not offer a solution. The performance gain of the Temporal Noise Shaping technique has been verified in the recent development process of the MPEG2-Audio NBC coder. Although the discussion in this paper has ...
... T. Sporer: Evaluating Small Impairments with mean Opinion Scale–Reliable or just a guess, AES... more ... T. Sporer: Evaluating Small Impairments with mean Opinion Scale–Reliable or just a guess, AES 101st Convention, Los Angeles, 1996 13. J. Beerends, J. Stemerdink: A Perceptual Audio Quality Measurement Based on a Psychoacoustic Sound Representation, J. Audio Eng. ...
Recently, technologies for parametric coding of multi-channel audio signals have received wide at... more Recently, technologies for parametric coding of multi-channel audio signals have received wide attention under the name of "Spatial Audio Coding." In contrast to a fully discrete representation of multi-channel sound, these techniques allow for a backward compatible transmission at bitrates only slightly higher than rates commonly used for mono / stereo sound. Motivated by this prospect, the MPEG Audio standardization group started a new work item on Spatial Audio Coding. This paper reports on the reference model zero architecture, as emerged from the MPEG Call for Proposals (CfP) and the subsequent evaluation of the submissions. The architecture combines the strong features of the two submissions to the CfP that were found best in the evaluation process.
A 24-year-old man presented with symptomatic, recurrent, sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT). ... more A 24-year-old man presented with symptomatic, recurrent, sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT). He was found to have a basal inferior left ventricular diverticulum. His sustained VT was reproduced by programmed electrical stimulation and was unresponsive to procainamide, tocainide, propafenone, and flecainide. Endocardial mapping followed by resection and cryoablative surgery was performed. The patient had only one recurrence after 18 months, with subsequent control with procainamide for over 14 months.
Recently, a new approach in low bitrate coding of stereo and multi-channel audio has emerged: Spa... more Recently, a new approach in low bitrate coding of stereo and multi-channel audio has emerged: Spatial audio coding permits an efficient representation of multi-channel audio signals by transmitting a downmix signal along with some compact spatial side information describing the most salient properties of the multi-channel sound image. Besides its impressive efficiency allowing multi-channel sound at total bitrates of only 64 kbit/s and lower, the approach is also backward compatible to existing transmission systems and thus accommodates a smooth transition towards multichannel audio in the consumer market. The paper gives an overview of the basic concepts and the options provided by spatial audio coding technology. It reports about some recent performance data, first commercial applications and related activities within the ISO/MPEG standardization group.
... 1 Ole Lando and Hugh Beale (eds.), Principles of European Contract Law Parts I and II. Prepar... more ... 1 Ole Lando and Hugh Beale (eds.), Principles of European Contract Law Parts I and II. Prepared by the Commission on European Contract Law (The Hague 1999); Ole Lando, Eric Clive, André Prüm and Reinhard Zimmermann (eds.), Principles of European Contract Law Part ...
Page 1. Content-based Identification of Audio Material Using ... To come as close as possible to ... more Page 1. Content-based Identification of Audio Material Using ... To come as close as possible to this aim, the system should be robust against alteration commonly applied to musical material, like filtering, dynamic range processing, audio coding, and so on. ...
... The distances between a reference item and all items in the test set were used to order the l... more ... The distances between a reference item and all items in the test set were used to order the list of test items according to their similarity with respect to any particular reference item. Thus, the entry at the first list position would ...
In 2004 the ISO/MPEG Audio standardization group started a new work item on efficient and backwar... more In 2004 the ISO/MPEG Audio standardization group started a new work item on efficient and backward-compatible coding of high-quality multichannel sound using parametric coding techniques. Finalized in the fall of 2006, the resulting MPEG Surround specification allows the transmission of surround sound at bit rates that have been commonly used for coding of mono or stereo sound. The results of the standardization process are summarized by describing the underlying ideas and providing an overview of the MPEG Surround technology. The performance of the scheme is characterized by the results of recent verification tests. These tests include several operation modes as they would be used in typical application scenarios to introduce multichannel audio into existing audio services.
Recently, the MPEG Audio standardization group started a new work item on Spatial Audio Coding. T... more Recently, the MPEG Audio standardization group started a new work item on Spatial Audio Coding. This new approach allows for a fully backward compatible representation of multi-channel audio at bit rates that are only slightly higher than common rates currently used for coding of mono / stereo sound. This paper briefly describes the underlying idea and reports on the current status of the MPEG standardization activities. It provides an overview of the resulting "MPEG Surround" technology, and discusses its capabilities. The current level of performance will be illustrated by listening test results.
This paper presents a novel extension of the popular MP3 compression format which extends current... more This paper presents a novel extension of the popular MP3 compression format which extends current MP3 capabilities towards the efficient and compatible representation of multi-channel audio, including the widely used 5.1 surround sound. The new format features complete backward compatibility with existing stereo MP3 decoders at bit-rates comparable to those currently used to encode stereo material. The paper discusses the
IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 1992
Perceptual coding techniques have recently been applied successfully to high-quality coding of di... more Perceptual coding techniques have recently been applied successfully to high-quality coding of digital audio signals. The basic perceptual coding system uses an analysis/synthesis system to map the time-domain data into a number of frequency-domain channels. A perceptual model is used to estimate the amount of noise shaping needed in order to avoid any audible noise due to the quantization of
IEEE Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, 2002
Much interest has recently been received by systems for audio fingerprinting which enable automat... more Much interest has recently been received by systems for audio fingerprinting which enable automatic content-based identification by extracting unique signatures from the signal. Among other aspects, the main requirements for such systems include robustness to a wide range of signal distortions and availability of fast search methods, even for large fingerprint databases. This paper describes the provisions of the MPEG-7
[1991] Proceedings, Advanced Computer Technology, Reliable Systems and Applications, 1991
Based on frequency-domain techniques, coding of high-quality audio with bit rates down to 64 kbit... more Based on frequency-domain techniques, coding of high-quality audio with bit rates down to 64 kbit/s is possible. This performance is achieved using perceptual coding. Transform coding can be used to get the best performance at very low bit rates. Real-time implementations of several types of low bit rate codecs have been developed. Standardization of low bit rate audio coding systems
2003 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics (IEEE Cat. No.03TH8684), 2003
... Jurgen Herre, Eric Allamanche, Christian Erie1 ... This was examined for a (manually selected... more ... Jurgen Herre, Eric Allamanche, Christian Erie1 ... This was examined for a (manually selected) small set of 21 reference items spanning a range of rather different musical styles, such as pop, jazz, classical, rap, rhythm and blues. ...
Multimedia and Expo, 2007 IEEE International Conference on, 2007
... audio quality. Furthermore binaural decoding for headphone presentation is supported. By comb... more ... audio quality. Furthermore binaural decoding for headphone presentation is supported. By combining MPS with High-Efficiency AAC (HE-AAC), surround sound at bitrates as low as 48 kbit/s has become feasible. Using higher ...
2007 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics, 2007
Low delay perceptual audio coding has recently gained wide acceptance for high quality communicat... more Low delay perceptual audio coding has recently gained wide acceptance for high quality communication. While common schemes are based on the well-known Modified Discrete Cosine Transform (MDCT) filterbank, this paper describes novel coding algorithms that, for the first time, make use of dedicated low delay filterbanks, thus achieving improved coding efficiency while maintaining or even reducing the low codec delay. The MPEG-4 Enhanced Low Delay AAC (AAC-ELD) coder currently under development within ISO/MPEG combines a traditional perceptual audio coding scheme with spectral band replication (SBR), both running in a delay-optimized fashion by using low delay filterbanks.
... schemes do not offer a solution. The performance gain of the Temporal Noise Shaping technique... more ... schemes do not offer a solution. The performance gain of the Temporal Noise Shaping technique has been verified in the recent development process of the MPEG2-Audio NBC coder. Although the discussion in this paper has ...
... T. Sporer: Evaluating Small Impairments with mean Opinion Scale–Reliable or just a guess, AES... more ... T. Sporer: Evaluating Small Impairments with mean Opinion Scale–Reliable or just a guess, AES 101st Convention, Los Angeles, 1996 13. J. Beerends, J. Stemerdink: A Perceptual Audio Quality Measurement Based on a Psychoacoustic Sound Representation, J. Audio Eng. ...
Recently, technologies for parametric coding of multi-channel audio signals have received wide at... more Recently, technologies for parametric coding of multi-channel audio signals have received wide attention under the name of "Spatial Audio Coding." In contrast to a fully discrete representation of multi-channel sound, these techniques allow for a backward compatible transmission at bitrates only slightly higher than rates commonly used for mono / stereo sound. Motivated by this prospect, the MPEG Audio standardization group started a new work item on Spatial Audio Coding. This paper reports on the reference model zero architecture, as emerged from the MPEG Call for Proposals (CfP) and the subsequent evaluation of the submissions. The architecture combines the strong features of the two submissions to the CfP that were found best in the evaluation process.
A 24-year-old man presented with symptomatic, recurrent, sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT). ... more A 24-year-old man presented with symptomatic, recurrent, sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT). He was found to have a basal inferior left ventricular diverticulum. His sustained VT was reproduced by programmed electrical stimulation and was unresponsive to procainamide, tocainide, propafenone, and flecainide. Endocardial mapping followed by resection and cryoablative surgery was performed. The patient had only one recurrence after 18 months, with subsequent control with procainamide for over 14 months.
Recently, a new approach in low bitrate coding of stereo and multi-channel audio has emerged: Spa... more Recently, a new approach in low bitrate coding of stereo and multi-channel audio has emerged: Spatial audio coding permits an efficient representation of multi-channel audio signals by transmitting a downmix signal along with some compact spatial side information describing the most salient properties of the multi-channel sound image. Besides its impressive efficiency allowing multi-channel sound at total bitrates of only 64 kbit/s and lower, the approach is also backward compatible to existing transmission systems and thus accommodates a smooth transition towards multichannel audio in the consumer market. The paper gives an overview of the basic concepts and the options provided by spatial audio coding technology. It reports about some recent performance data, first commercial applications and related activities within the ISO/MPEG standardization group.
... 1 Ole Lando and Hugh Beale (eds.), Principles of European Contract Law Parts I and II. Prepar... more ... 1 Ole Lando and Hugh Beale (eds.), Principles of European Contract Law Parts I and II. Prepared by the Commission on European Contract Law (The Hague 1999); Ole Lando, Eric Clive, André Prüm and Reinhard Zimmermann (eds.), Principles of European Contract Law Part ...
Page 1. Content-based Identification of Audio Material Using ... To come as close as possible to ... more Page 1. Content-based Identification of Audio Material Using ... To come as close as possible to this aim, the system should be robust against alteration commonly applied to musical material, like filtering, dynamic range processing, audio coding, and so on. ...
... The distances between a reference item and all items in the test set were used to order the l... more ... The distances between a reference item and all items in the test set were used to order the list of test items according to their similarity with respect to any particular reference item. Thus, the entry at the first list position would ...
In 2004 the ISO/MPEG Audio standardization group started a new work item on efficient and backwar... more In 2004 the ISO/MPEG Audio standardization group started a new work item on efficient and backward-compatible coding of high-quality multichannel sound using parametric coding techniques. Finalized in the fall of 2006, the resulting MPEG Surround specification allows the transmission of surround sound at bit rates that have been commonly used for coding of mono or stereo sound. The results of the standardization process are summarized by describing the underlying ideas and providing an overview of the MPEG Surround technology. The performance of the scheme is characterized by the results of recent verification tests. These tests include several operation modes as they would be used in typical application scenarios to introduce multichannel audio into existing audio services.
Recently, the MPEG Audio standardization group started a new work item on Spatial Audio Coding. T... more Recently, the MPEG Audio standardization group started a new work item on Spatial Audio Coding. This new approach allows for a fully backward compatible representation of multi-channel audio at bit rates that are only slightly higher than common rates currently used for coding of mono / stereo sound. This paper briefly describes the underlying idea and reports on the current status of the MPEG standardization activities. It provides an overview of the resulting "MPEG Surround" technology, and discusses its capabilities. The current level of performance will be illustrated by listening test results.
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