This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Africa... more This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History. Please check back later for the full article. Swazi women, who are grossly underrepresented in social, political, and economic spheres in contemporary Swaziland, nevertheless have helped to perpetuate the Dlamini dynasty that has ruled the kingdom since its inception in the mid-16th century. The kingdom has been ruled by the Ngwenyama and the Ndlovukazi, in complementary gender roles for the Swazi king and Queen Mother, respectively. Queen Mother Gwamile (1859–1925), a forward-thinking woman and the most prominent Queen Mother and regent, had a tremendous impact on shaping the Swazi polity by promoting the education of both genders and buying back land alienated by concessionaires and European settlers. Yet most women’s marginalization in the public sphere increased markedly during Swaziland’s colonization and has been reinforced in the post-independence period. Swaziland beca...
Interviews of twenty-six Industrial Engineering students and graduates were conducted during the ... more Interviews of twenty-six Industrial Engineering students and graduates were conducted during the first year of a three year study of the unexpected attainment of gender parity in the School of Industrial Engineering at the University of Oklahoma (OU). An analysis of the pattern of participant responses gives insight into industrial engineering (IE) student perceptions of IE. The perceptions were grouped into three broad themes: Career Profile, Discipline Profile, and Discipline Meta-Profile. The Career Profile includes the availability of multiple career paths and flexible careers in this discipline in addition to the potential for the attainment of status through entry into management. People-oriented, broad, and systems-oriented are terms that were used to describe the Discipline Profile. Discipline Meta-Profile is used to describe the participant's perception of other people's perceptions of industrial engineering (i.e. what IE students think other people think). These participants felt that other engineers think of IE as easy, or "imaginary" engineering. The participants also thought that the discipline is invisible, even to other engineers. While the meta-perception of IE might seem to be problematic for the discipline, many of the participants reject the meta-perception. Some participants recognized that IE's focus on people and systems is simply different than other engineering disciplines, not necessarily easier. Other participants felt the potential to enter into management outweighed the discipline meta-perception. One student summarized the response particularly well when he noted that IE is "inviteful" engineering.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Formatio Circumiectus, 2020
Aim of study In their book Digital Heritage Karol Król and Józef Hernik have made a unique and ma... more Aim of study In their book Digital Heritage Karol Król and Józef Hernik have made a unique and major contribution to the history of digital technology, and, coupled with that, to identifying the significance of "digital heritage" for societal development, in particular in relation to developmental improvements in environmental processes. The aim of this article is to identify some main scientific, technological, and logical features of the book's account of what digital heritage is as part of environmental processes. Material and methods The methodology used in this article is mainly examination of the text of the book, and study of that text's relationship with extra-textual societal phenomena as environmental processes. Results and conclusions Results. There are many logical interrelations described in this paper between the Król/Hernik text and environmentally relevant sources in the development studies literature. There are also many logical interrelations described in this paper between the Król/Hernik text and certain social science accounts of environmental processes and democracy (in relation to development or progress). Conclusions. This article concludes that the book deals with the history of technology, but that at the same time the book's text necessarily expresses concern with the present status of digital heritage, and particularly the role of digital heritage in future-centered societal development (in relation to environmental processes).
Fire affects many of physical, chemical and biological soil properties directly by the transport ... more Fire affects many of physical, chemical and biological soil properties directly by the transport of the heat to the soil or indirectly because of the vegetation changes and dynamic of nutrients and organic matter. This impact depends on many factors therefore the aim of this study was to consider the impact of different severity of fire on the changes in quantity and quality of soil organic matter (SOM) and soil structure in sandy dystrict Fluvisol. The samples were taken in the Zbehy district (autumn 2012) from three localities: 1. Unburned soil-the control, 2. Higher severity of fire, and 3. Lower severity of fire. The results showed the increase of SOM content due to higher severity of fire; on the other hand, the SOM quality was decreased. The stability of water-stable aggregates was clearly decreased because of higher fire-severity. Overall, our results indicate that the breakdown of soil structure was affected by higher severity of fire.
Skinner was a proli c scholar, a diplomat, and a founding member of the Association for Africanis... more Skinner was a proli c scholar, a diplomat, and a founding member of the Association for Africanist Anthropology (AfAA). The aim of the Elliott P. Skinner Book Award is to recognize Africanist Anthropology scholars whose books exhibit originality, make advances in ethnographic and theoretical scholarship, and have the potential to gain broader visibility. The Skinner Award committee is chaired by Betty J. Harris (Oklahoma), and includes AfAA Past Presidents Maria Cattell (Field Museum), Bennetta Jules-Rosette (UCSD), Gwendolyn Mikell (Georgetown), and Anita Spring (Florida).
The Political Economy of the Southern African Periphery, 1993
There is a paucity of literature on women and work in southern Africa. Until the 1970s, the vast ... more There is a paucity of literature on women and work in southern Africa. Until the 1970s, the vast majority of social science literature dealt with male labour migrancy to the South African gold mines. At that time, there was a shift of focus on to women in the family context in peripheral areas — local labour reserves within national labour reserves. However, women had participated in semi-industrial employment in some areas of the southern African periphery since the 1960s and even earlier in others. Cottage industries were the major semi-industrial employers for women in Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland as well as the South African homelands. It was not until the 1980s that South African textile industries began to tap systematically into the female labour reserve. Many problems related to women and work in southern Africa still await in-depth research.
The Political Economy of the Southern African Periphery, 1993
Having begun with an analysis of secondary industrialisation in South Africa to provide a context... more Having begun with an analysis of secondary industrialisation in South Africa to provide a context for women and textile industrialisation in Swaziland, it is only fitting to conclude with an analysis of the major alternative to South African economic hegemony in the southern African periphery. That alternative is the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) founded in 1980. Since its formation, an ideology of regional economic integration has emerged that involves individual economies both detaching from South Africa and linking with each other.1
The Political Economy of the Southern African Periphery, 1993
Industrialisation in southern Africa, as elsewhere, has been a complex process in its transformat... more Industrialisation in southern Africa, as elsewhere, has been a complex process in its transformation from core to semi-periphery to periphery. It has initiated the formation of a hierarchy of political economies which have considerable complementarity. To analyse the periphery, the core and semi-peripheral contexts must be established.
The Political Economy of the Southern African Periphery, 1993
This chapter focuses on the political economy of agricultural production in Swaziland. Industrial... more This chapter focuses on the political economy of agricultural production in Swaziland. Industrialisation cannot be viewed in a vacuum in the Swaziland political economy. It has had a great impact on the agricultural sector in a variety of ways. There is a hierarchy of farming units in the Swazi context deriving primarily from the skewed dichotomy between Swazi Nation Land and Title Deed Land and gradations on each side. On one side, Swazi peasants — including large numbers of women — engage in subsistence/cash-crop production, for which the majority produce at the sub-subsistence level. On the other, white settler farms engage almost exclusively in cash-crop production on a scale by which they can maintain a Western standard of living. They rely heavily on wage labour. However, the settler-estates represent the largest, most productive farming units. They are monopoly capitalist enterprises financed partially by international capital in conjunction with some local capital.
The Political Economy of the Southern African Periphery, 1993
Chapter 2 focused on the political economy of textile industrialisation in South Africa, to provi... more Chapter 2 focused on the political economy of textile industrialisation in South Africa, to provide a context in which to analyse the emergence and development of Swaziland’s peripheral political economy. However, just as South Africa exhibited a different pattern of industrialisation from European countries, Swaziland has experienced a modified version of the South African process. Mining and plantation agriculture began in the former at the turn of the century. Manufacturing has been introduced in two spurts, with agricultural processing beginning in the late 1940s and textile industrialisation in the 1980s. While men figured prominently in early industrialisation, women became involved later.
The Political Economy of the Southern African Periphery, 1993
Swaziland’s industrialisation process cannot be analysed without establishing the South African s... more Swaziland’s industrialisation process cannot be analysed without establishing the South African semi-periphery as a context in relation to which Swaziland derives its peripheral status as well as the pace and quality of its industrialisation. After establishing the mechanisms directing South African secondary industrialisation in this chapter, I will consider the Swaziland political economy in Chapter 3. However, the relationship between core and periphery will be explored with regard to the BLS countries’ relationship with South Africa via the Southern African Customs Union (SACU).
This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Africa... more This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History. Please check back later for the full article. Swazi women, who are grossly underrepresented in social, political, and economic spheres in contemporary Swaziland, nevertheless have helped to perpetuate the Dlamini dynasty that has ruled the kingdom since its inception in the mid-16th century. The kingdom has been ruled by the Ngwenyama and the Ndlovukazi, in complementary gender roles for the Swazi king and Queen Mother, respectively. Queen Mother Gwamile (1859–1925), a forward-thinking woman and the most prominent Queen Mother and regent, had a tremendous impact on shaping the Swazi polity by promoting the education of both genders and buying back land alienated by concessionaires and European settlers. Yet most women’s marginalization in the public sphere increased markedly during Swaziland’s colonization and has been reinforced in the post-independence period. Swaziland beca...
Interviews of twenty-six Industrial Engineering students and graduates were conducted during the ... more Interviews of twenty-six Industrial Engineering students and graduates were conducted during the first year of a three year study of the unexpected attainment of gender parity in the School of Industrial Engineering at the University of Oklahoma (OU). An analysis of the pattern of participant responses gives insight into industrial engineering (IE) student perceptions of IE. The perceptions were grouped into three broad themes: Career Profile, Discipline Profile, and Discipline Meta-Profile. The Career Profile includes the availability of multiple career paths and flexible careers in this discipline in addition to the potential for the attainment of status through entry into management. People-oriented, broad, and systems-oriented are terms that were used to describe the Discipline Profile. Discipline Meta-Profile is used to describe the participant's perception of other people's perceptions of industrial engineering (i.e. what IE students think other people think). These participants felt that other engineers think of IE as easy, or "imaginary" engineering. The participants also thought that the discipline is invisible, even to other engineers. While the meta-perception of IE might seem to be problematic for the discipline, many of the participants reject the meta-perception. Some participants recognized that IE's focus on people and systems is simply different than other engineering disciplines, not necessarily easier. Other participants felt the potential to enter into management outweighed the discipline meta-perception. One student summarized the response particularly well when he noted that IE is "inviteful" engineering.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Formatio Circumiectus, 2020
Aim of study In their book Digital Heritage Karol Król and Józef Hernik have made a unique and ma... more Aim of study In their book Digital Heritage Karol Król and Józef Hernik have made a unique and major contribution to the history of digital technology, and, coupled with that, to identifying the significance of "digital heritage" for societal development, in particular in relation to developmental improvements in environmental processes. The aim of this article is to identify some main scientific, technological, and logical features of the book's account of what digital heritage is as part of environmental processes. Material and methods The methodology used in this article is mainly examination of the text of the book, and study of that text's relationship with extra-textual societal phenomena as environmental processes. Results and conclusions Results. There are many logical interrelations described in this paper between the Król/Hernik text and environmentally relevant sources in the development studies literature. There are also many logical interrelations described in this paper between the Król/Hernik text and certain social science accounts of environmental processes and democracy (in relation to development or progress). Conclusions. This article concludes that the book deals with the history of technology, but that at the same time the book's text necessarily expresses concern with the present status of digital heritage, and particularly the role of digital heritage in future-centered societal development (in relation to environmental processes).
Fire affects many of physical, chemical and biological soil properties directly by the transport ... more Fire affects many of physical, chemical and biological soil properties directly by the transport of the heat to the soil or indirectly because of the vegetation changes and dynamic of nutrients and organic matter. This impact depends on many factors therefore the aim of this study was to consider the impact of different severity of fire on the changes in quantity and quality of soil organic matter (SOM) and soil structure in sandy dystrict Fluvisol. The samples were taken in the Zbehy district (autumn 2012) from three localities: 1. Unburned soil-the control, 2. Higher severity of fire, and 3. Lower severity of fire. The results showed the increase of SOM content due to higher severity of fire; on the other hand, the SOM quality was decreased. The stability of water-stable aggregates was clearly decreased because of higher fire-severity. Overall, our results indicate that the breakdown of soil structure was affected by higher severity of fire.
Skinner was a proli c scholar, a diplomat, and a founding member of the Association for Africanis... more Skinner was a proli c scholar, a diplomat, and a founding member of the Association for Africanist Anthropology (AfAA). The aim of the Elliott P. Skinner Book Award is to recognize Africanist Anthropology scholars whose books exhibit originality, make advances in ethnographic and theoretical scholarship, and have the potential to gain broader visibility. The Skinner Award committee is chaired by Betty J. Harris (Oklahoma), and includes AfAA Past Presidents Maria Cattell (Field Museum), Bennetta Jules-Rosette (UCSD), Gwendolyn Mikell (Georgetown), and Anita Spring (Florida).
The Political Economy of the Southern African Periphery, 1993
There is a paucity of literature on women and work in southern Africa. Until the 1970s, the vast ... more There is a paucity of literature on women and work in southern Africa. Until the 1970s, the vast majority of social science literature dealt with male labour migrancy to the South African gold mines. At that time, there was a shift of focus on to women in the family context in peripheral areas — local labour reserves within national labour reserves. However, women had participated in semi-industrial employment in some areas of the southern African periphery since the 1960s and even earlier in others. Cottage industries were the major semi-industrial employers for women in Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland as well as the South African homelands. It was not until the 1980s that South African textile industries began to tap systematically into the female labour reserve. Many problems related to women and work in southern Africa still await in-depth research.
The Political Economy of the Southern African Periphery, 1993
Having begun with an analysis of secondary industrialisation in South Africa to provide a context... more Having begun with an analysis of secondary industrialisation in South Africa to provide a context for women and textile industrialisation in Swaziland, it is only fitting to conclude with an analysis of the major alternative to South African economic hegemony in the southern African periphery. That alternative is the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) founded in 1980. Since its formation, an ideology of regional economic integration has emerged that involves individual economies both detaching from South Africa and linking with each other.1
The Political Economy of the Southern African Periphery, 1993
Industrialisation in southern Africa, as elsewhere, has been a complex process in its transformat... more Industrialisation in southern Africa, as elsewhere, has been a complex process in its transformation from core to semi-periphery to periphery. It has initiated the formation of a hierarchy of political economies which have considerable complementarity. To analyse the periphery, the core and semi-peripheral contexts must be established.
The Political Economy of the Southern African Periphery, 1993
This chapter focuses on the political economy of agricultural production in Swaziland. Industrial... more This chapter focuses on the political economy of agricultural production in Swaziland. Industrialisation cannot be viewed in a vacuum in the Swaziland political economy. It has had a great impact on the agricultural sector in a variety of ways. There is a hierarchy of farming units in the Swazi context deriving primarily from the skewed dichotomy between Swazi Nation Land and Title Deed Land and gradations on each side. On one side, Swazi peasants — including large numbers of women — engage in subsistence/cash-crop production, for which the majority produce at the sub-subsistence level. On the other, white settler farms engage almost exclusively in cash-crop production on a scale by which they can maintain a Western standard of living. They rely heavily on wage labour. However, the settler-estates represent the largest, most productive farming units. They are monopoly capitalist enterprises financed partially by international capital in conjunction with some local capital.
The Political Economy of the Southern African Periphery, 1993
Chapter 2 focused on the political economy of textile industrialisation in South Africa, to provi... more Chapter 2 focused on the political economy of textile industrialisation in South Africa, to provide a context in which to analyse the emergence and development of Swaziland’s peripheral political economy. However, just as South Africa exhibited a different pattern of industrialisation from European countries, Swaziland has experienced a modified version of the South African process. Mining and plantation agriculture began in the former at the turn of the century. Manufacturing has been introduced in two spurts, with agricultural processing beginning in the late 1940s and textile industrialisation in the 1980s. While men figured prominently in early industrialisation, women became involved later.
The Political Economy of the Southern African Periphery, 1993
Swaziland’s industrialisation process cannot be analysed without establishing the South African s... more Swaziland’s industrialisation process cannot be analysed without establishing the South African semi-periphery as a context in relation to which Swaziland derives its peripheral status as well as the pace and quality of its industrialisation. After establishing the mechanisms directing South African secondary industrialisation in this chapter, I will consider the Swaziland political economy in Chapter 3. However, the relationship between core and periphery will be explored with regard to the BLS countries’ relationship with South Africa via the Southern African Customs Union (SACU).
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