In terms of importance, culture at the workplace is the foundation of the binder of any organizat... more In terms of importance, culture at the workplace is the foundation of the binder of any organization, a power to which it is conscientiously and meticulously working towards employees, who carry it further. The set of norms, rules, both written and of symbolic character, beliefs, values affect the organizational entity as a whole, but also at the level of each member belonging to it. By its ubiquitous force, this dimension which characterizes, in general, any organizational structure influencesundoubtedly -the behaviour of its members, influencing their decisional capacity. From this perspective, the correlation between organizational culture and good institutional progress is the field of evidence. The article is a theoretical approach that brings to the fore the dynamics of the organization from the point of view of its culture, which resonates with the identity of such a structure. The way in which its members understand how to adapt to the specific rhythm of this permanent dynamics resonates with the goal of achieving its objectives and, at the same time, defining the organization in relation to other organizations. Addressing aspects of the impact of culture on members forces them to consider how they relate to the institution of membership, and, in turn, how it treats them. In essence, a cumulus of features that, together, give the dimension of the role of organizational culture.
Leader–member exchange and innovative work behavior: a 2-1-1 model
Management Decision, May 11, 2023
PurposeThis study aims to examine the link between leader–member exchange (LMX) and employee inno... more PurposeThis study aims to examine the link between leader–member exchange (LMX) and employee innovative work behavior (IWB) by using employee job crafting as a mediator.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses multilevel, multisource and multiwave data collected from 284 employees working in the banking sector of Pakistan.FindingsThe study findings suggest a significant positive relationship between (i) LMX and job crafting dimensions and (ii) job crafting dimensions and employee IWB. Job crafting dimensions mediated the impact of LMX on IWB, except for relational crafting, which was not significant. Multilevel analysis demonstrated significant individual-level job crafting and IWB.Originality/valueThis study undertakes a multilevel mediational analysis to examine the relationship between LMX and IWB, which is rarely applied in the existing literature. Moreover, this study contributes to understanding how LMX influences IWB using the conservation of resources theory.
BACKGROUND: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many employees lost their jobs. At the same time, milli... more BACKGROUND: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many employees lost their jobs. At the same time, millions of individuals have been forced to relocate because of a “new normal, “ which requires them to work from home offices. Working from home poses difficulties for employees whose employers do not provide appropriate support to their home workplaces. Hence, it significantly affected employee performance and organizations. OBJECTIVE: This study utilizes stress theories to evaluate perceived job insecurity and perceived employability during COVID-19. The research examined perceived job insecurity and the resulting work stress, which led to adverse work outcomes. METHODS: The authors collected information from two multinational corporations and gathered longitudinal data in two waves. The authors used hierarchical regression for our data analysis. RESULTS: The findings indicated a substantial positive relationship between perceived job insecurity and work stress. Job insecurity in working e...
Investigating employer branding with mediation of trust and moderation of social media branding
Human Systems Management
OBJECTIVE: Drawing on Edgar Schein’s cultural model and the social identity theory, this study at... more OBJECTIVE: Drawing on Edgar Schein’s cultural model and the social identity theory, this study attempts to establish an empirical relationship between organizational culture and employer brand with mediation of organizational trust and moderation of employer social media branding. METHODS: The study, being quantitative in nature, used survey method to collect data from 106 employees of public sector universities of Pakistan. A conceptual framework was developed where we tested direct relationship between culture and brand using linear regression. The mediating role of trust and moderation of social media branding were tested with Jamovi statistics. RESULTS: The results suggest that organizational culture has a significant positive relationship with employer brand. Moreover, organizational trust mediates this relationship and employer social media branding emerged as a moderator. CONCLUSION: The study has multidimensional theoretical and practical contributions. It recommends that or...
Investigating the impact of servant leadership on service excellence: the mediating role of PsyCap as a personal resource and buffering role of conscientiousness
Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication
Purpose Applying servant leadership theory, this study aims to investigate whether servant leader... more Purpose Applying servant leadership theory, this study aims to investigate whether servant leadership predicts service excellence of bank employees through mediating role of psychological capital (PsyCap). It also tests buffering role of conscientiousness in boosting service excellence. Design/methodology/approach The study uses data collected from 224 bank employees. SPSS and jamovi statistics were used for data analysis. Findings Study findings suggest a significant relationship between servant leadership, service excellence and PsyCap. PsyCap emerged as a mediator, and conscientiousness moderated the nexus between servant leadership and service excellence. Practical implications Findings highlight important implications for organisational practitioners. Because servant leadership leads to service excellence, practitioners should consider adopting servant leadership at every organizational level. Further, servant leaders could enhance followers’ PsyCap for creating service excelle...
Linking high-performance work systems and happiness at work: role of career aspiration and thriving
Career Development International
PurposeThis study utilizes self-determination theory (SDT) to understand how high-performance wor... more PurposeThis study utilizes self-determination theory (SDT) to understand how high-performance work systems (HPWS) may foster happiness at work through serial transmission pathways of career aspiration and thriving at work.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses data collected from a sample of 309 employees working in various organizations. It uses multilevel, multisource and time-lagged data and applied Mplus 8.0 for hypotheses testing.FindingsThe study findings reveal a positive relationship between HPWS and career aspiration. Career aspiration was positively related to thriving at work and thriving at work was positively associated with happiness at work. Moreover, career aspiration mediated the relationship between HPWS and thriving at work. Whereas, thriving at work mediated the relationship between career aspiration and happiness at work. The results also support the serial mediation of career aspiration and thriving at work between HPWS and happiness at work.Practical implic...
4 Essais Sur L'Influence Du Stress Terroriste et Du Stress Au Travail Sur Les Attitudes et Les Comportements Des Employés
Le terrorisme est un fleau qui s’est repandu dans le monde entier. Les evenements de ces derniere... more Le terrorisme est un fleau qui s’est repandu dans le monde entier. Les evenements de ces dernieres annees au Sri Lanka, en Nouvelle-Zelande, au Royaume-Uni, en France, au Pakistan et dans d'autres zones du monde ont fait des victimes, touchees physiquement et mentalement. Dans certains pays, le terrorisme est une realite quotidienne. Vivre sous le terrorisme peut etre extremement stressant pour les societes en general et les entreprises en particulier. Jusqu'a present, peu de recherches ont ete consacrees a ce phenomene. Par consequent, cette etude vise a comprendre le stress lie au terrorisme et ses effets sur les employes travaillant dans des zones qui y sont exposes. Ce travail de these constitue de quatre essais, se fonde sur trois cadres conceptuels theoriques, developpes a partir d’une revue de litterature complete et une etude de recherche qualitative. Les trois cadres distincts utilises sont : le modele du Stress et de l'Evaluation Cognitive (Lazarus et Folkman, ...
Job Stress and Burnout Among Employees Working in Terrorist-Ridden Areas
This article examines the relationship of effort-reward imbalance (ERI) on employee stress by con... more This article examines the relationship of effort-reward imbalance (ERI) on employee stress by considering job burnout (BO), organizational (in)justice (OJ), and sensitivity to terrorism (STT). This study uses the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) framework as a job stress model. After describing terrorism and a brief discussion on organizational justice and some of its challenges, we introduced “sensitivity to terrorism” as a moderator in the ERI framework. Using a 432 sample size of questionnaire data collected from two big cities where terrorist attacks are rampant and received during a period when terrorist attacks were at a peak. After analyzing data in EFA, results from the hierarchical regression analysis provided support for our developed model. Overall, the statistical model is significant (p < 0.05). We found significant relationships between ERI and facets of BO. Organizational (in)justice mediated the influence of ERI on facets of BO. We also found that STT significantly m...
Historical Development of Organizational Behavior Management
Purpose: The study aims to review the existing literature linked to the field of Organization Beh... more Purpose: The study aims to review the existing literature linked to the field of Organization Behavior Management (OBM) and provide a historical account of OBM development based on the existing literature. Design/methodology/approach: The study performs keywords search of published OBM articles from 1950 onwards in widely used research databases. All materials were reviewed, i.e., the title, abstract, background, and methodology, to determine whether they are in line with the objective of the current study. Findings: The historical review shows that OBM practices applied widely over the years were visible in various sectors in the late 1960s and early 1970s. By the end of the 1980s, the OBM discipline was well established. It has produced considerable evidence through behavior analytic interventions that modify human behavior at work. Research findings show that OBM practices help an individual to understand how to carry out one’s tasks/activities within the organization to improve ...
Does social support at work enhance subjective career success? The mediating role of relational attachment
Purpose Drawing on Kahn’s model of meaningful connections, this study aims to examine relational ... more Purpose Drawing on Kahn’s model of meaningful connections, this study aims to examine relational attachment as a mediating mechanism linking social support in terms of instrumental support and personal support to employees’ subjective career success. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected in 2 waves from 247 employees working in Poland. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling in AMOS. Findings The findings indicated that employees are more attached to and satisfied with their careers when they have a stronger relational attachment to others at work. Furthermore, relational attachment was found to be driven by tangible or intangible instrumental support received at work rather than the personal support received at work. Practical implications Managers should recognize the importance of workplace relationships and social support, which can lead to higher career commitment and career satisfaction. However, managers should keep in mind that too much interferen...
Nexus between perceived job insecurity and employee work-related outcomes amid COVID-19: Attenuating effect of supervisor support
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine perceived job insecurity as an antecedent of adverse psycho... more OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine perceived job insecurity as an antecedent of adverse psychological well-being and job outcomes (i.e., job satisfaction and organizational commitment), applying conservation of resources and organizational support theories. The study also investigated the role of perceived supervisor support as a moderator in the study. METHODS: Two-wave longitudinal data (n = 385) was collected with two months between Time 1 and Time 2. Data collected from employees working in two MNCs in Pakistan. A conceptual framework was developed where the mediating role of work stress on the job insecurity relationship is conditional to the values of job satisfaction and organizational commitment. RESULTS: During analysis, a positive association was found between job insecurity and work stress. Further, job insecurity led to work stress and it negatively led to job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Perceived supervisor support moderated work stress and job satisf...
Diffusion of Innovation Model of New Services Offerings in Univesities of Karachi
This research study aims to investigate the influence of adoption of new major/specialization in ... more This research study aims to investigate the influence of adoption of new major/specialization in the universities of karachi, Pakistan. It also analyzes the relationship between new major and their adoption behavior. A convenient sample of 250 students from different universities students of Karachi was taken. After validating the instrument, one sample t-test was performed to test the relationship of selected variables i.e. Relative advantage, Observe-ability, Trial-ability, Compatibility and Complexity with the behavior of students in adopting a new major/specialization. Using SPSS 17.0 Statistical evidence at .05 level of significance proved that relative advantage, trial-ability, compatibility, complexity and observe-ability are significantly correlated with a new major/specialization adoption. The findings are helpful for academicians, bureau of curriculum and other institutions to design and market new academic programs.
Fear of terror and employees’ behaviour in terrorist-ridden areas
Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research
Purpose This study aims to investigate the impact of fear of terror (FOT) on employee organizatio... more Purpose This study aims to investigate the impact of fear of terror (FOT) on employee organizational commitment (OC) working in terror-induced areas through examining the role of rumination as a mediator and perceived organization support (POS) as a moderator. Design/methodology/approach The authors develop a model in which the mediating role of rumination in the FOT relationship is conditional to the values of OC. Using a sample size of 268 respondents, questionnaires were used to collect data from Pakistan during a period when terrorist attacks were at a peak. Results from the hierarchical regression analyses provided support for the developed model. Findings Overall, the statistical model is significant (p < 0.05); the authors found negative relationships between FOT and OC. The authors found that FOT positively led to rumination, which then negatively led to OC. It was also found that POS significantly moderated FOT and OC. Practical implications This study revealed that FOT ...
Measuring Job Satisfaction of Government Sector Employees; A case of Bureau of Statistics, Pakistan
ABSTRACT Purpose-This study examines level of job satisfaction among the staff of Sindh Bureau of... more ABSTRACT Purpose-This study examines level of job satisfaction among the staff of Sindh Bureau of Statistics, Planning &amp; Development Department, Government of Sindh. Methodology/Sample- The Bureau was randomly selected amongst the non- Secretariat departments which mostly have grievances developed against the policies discriminating in favour of the Secretariat employees and in disfavor of the subsidiary departments and bureaus. The study was based on measurement of satisfaction of employee satisfaction against various facets of their job. A random sample of 40 out of 100 staff members (from BPS-5 to BPS-18) was selected for investigation. Using exploratory research approach, close-ended questionnaire was used with four-point Likert scale. Background conservation and chats were also held with the sample members especially where they needed clarification. Findings- These conservations provided a healthy insight to the authors into the matter. Job facets like job security, immediate supervisors behavior, recognition, interpersonal relations, workload, career growth and pay/compensation were the factors that the employees showed satisfaction with. Whereas working conditions, feelings of achievement and government policies turned out to be the dissatisfying factors. Practical Implications- Findings of the study are likely to offer guideline to other government departments in understanding the various job satisfaction facets in the government sector departments and taking measures in that regard.
Brand trust, customer satisfaction and Brand Loyalty - A cross Examination
Brand Loyalty is one of the most significant tools for any organization to survive in a severe co... more Brand Loyalty is one of the most significant tools for any organization to survive in a severe competition. Brand helps in creating a relationship between consumer and producer. In this cross-sectional research, we have investigated the effect of service quality, perceived quality, perceived value, brand trust and customer satisfaction on brand loyalty. The service quality, perceived quality, and value were determined to be input variables; brand trust and customer satisfaction were determined to be intervening variables, and brand loyalty was determined to be the output variable. A conceptual model was designed to explain the factors on brand loyalty. Data were collected from 150 respondents who were users of the certain international brand. Our study results provide a better understanding of brand loyalty among customers of a certain brand.
In this paper we investigated the role of gold prices, interest rate and exchange rate against in... more In this paper we investigated the role of gold prices, interest rate and exchange rate against inflation in Pakistan both in the long and the short run, utilizing time series data over the period of 1975-2013 under the Johansen co-integration and vector error correction specifications. The results suggest that gold prices and interest rate are significantly positively related with inflation in the long run in the case of Pakistan, indicating that a rise in gold prices and interest will result in increase in inflation in Pakistan. Whereas exchange rate is found to be insignificant to impact inflation over the length of this study. However exchange rate is found to have significantly and negatively associated with inflation in the short run. That means that appreciation in rupee (PKR) will result in decrease in inflation and vice versa.
Purpose-Purpose of this conceptual study was to explore prospects of coaching and mentoring as a ... more Purpose-Purpose of this conceptual study was to explore prospects of coaching and mentoring as a HRD intervention in the private sector organizations and government departments in Pakistan. This study was prompted by coaching and mentoring being an effective and efficient mode of employee development compared to traditional off-the-job classroom training programs.
In terms of importance, culture at the workplace is the foundation of the binder of any organizat... more In terms of importance, culture at the workplace is the foundation of the binder of any organization, a power to which it is conscientiously and meticulously working towards employees, who carry it further. The set of norms, rules, both written and of symbolic character, beliefs, values affect the organizational entity as a whole, but also at the level of each member belonging to it. By its ubiquitous force, this dimension which characterizes, in general, any organizational structure influencesundoubtedly -the behaviour of its members, influencing their decisional capacity. From this perspective, the correlation between organizational culture and good institutional progress is the field of evidence. The article is a theoretical approach that brings to the fore the dynamics of the organization from the point of view of its culture, which resonates with the identity of such a structure. The way in which its members understand how to adapt to the specific rhythm of this permanent dynamics resonates with the goal of achieving its objectives and, at the same time, defining the organization in relation to other organizations. Addressing aspects of the impact of culture on members forces them to consider how they relate to the institution of membership, and, in turn, how it treats them. In essence, a cumulus of features that, together, give the dimension of the role of organizational culture.
Leader–member exchange and innovative work behavior: a 2-1-1 model
Management Decision, May 11, 2023
PurposeThis study aims to examine the link between leader–member exchange (LMX) and employee inno... more PurposeThis study aims to examine the link between leader–member exchange (LMX) and employee innovative work behavior (IWB) by using employee job crafting as a mediator.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses multilevel, multisource and multiwave data collected from 284 employees working in the banking sector of Pakistan.FindingsThe study findings suggest a significant positive relationship between (i) LMX and job crafting dimensions and (ii) job crafting dimensions and employee IWB. Job crafting dimensions mediated the impact of LMX on IWB, except for relational crafting, which was not significant. Multilevel analysis demonstrated significant individual-level job crafting and IWB.Originality/valueThis study undertakes a multilevel mediational analysis to examine the relationship between LMX and IWB, which is rarely applied in the existing literature. Moreover, this study contributes to understanding how LMX influences IWB using the conservation of resources theory.
BACKGROUND: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many employees lost their jobs. At the same time, milli... more BACKGROUND: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many employees lost their jobs. At the same time, millions of individuals have been forced to relocate because of a “new normal, “ which requires them to work from home offices. Working from home poses difficulties for employees whose employers do not provide appropriate support to their home workplaces. Hence, it significantly affected employee performance and organizations. OBJECTIVE: This study utilizes stress theories to evaluate perceived job insecurity and perceived employability during COVID-19. The research examined perceived job insecurity and the resulting work stress, which led to adverse work outcomes. METHODS: The authors collected information from two multinational corporations and gathered longitudinal data in two waves. The authors used hierarchical regression for our data analysis. RESULTS: The findings indicated a substantial positive relationship between perceived job insecurity and work stress. Job insecurity in working e...
Investigating employer branding with mediation of trust and moderation of social media branding
Human Systems Management
OBJECTIVE: Drawing on Edgar Schein’s cultural model and the social identity theory, this study at... more OBJECTIVE: Drawing on Edgar Schein’s cultural model and the social identity theory, this study attempts to establish an empirical relationship between organizational culture and employer brand with mediation of organizational trust and moderation of employer social media branding. METHODS: The study, being quantitative in nature, used survey method to collect data from 106 employees of public sector universities of Pakistan. A conceptual framework was developed where we tested direct relationship between culture and brand using linear regression. The mediating role of trust and moderation of social media branding were tested with Jamovi statistics. RESULTS: The results suggest that organizational culture has a significant positive relationship with employer brand. Moreover, organizational trust mediates this relationship and employer social media branding emerged as a moderator. CONCLUSION: The study has multidimensional theoretical and practical contributions. It recommends that or...
Investigating the impact of servant leadership on service excellence: the mediating role of PsyCap as a personal resource and buffering role of conscientiousness
Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication
Purpose Applying servant leadership theory, this study aims to investigate whether servant leader... more Purpose Applying servant leadership theory, this study aims to investigate whether servant leadership predicts service excellence of bank employees through mediating role of psychological capital (PsyCap). It also tests buffering role of conscientiousness in boosting service excellence. Design/methodology/approach The study uses data collected from 224 bank employees. SPSS and jamovi statistics were used for data analysis. Findings Study findings suggest a significant relationship between servant leadership, service excellence and PsyCap. PsyCap emerged as a mediator, and conscientiousness moderated the nexus between servant leadership and service excellence. Practical implications Findings highlight important implications for organisational practitioners. Because servant leadership leads to service excellence, practitioners should consider adopting servant leadership at every organizational level. Further, servant leaders could enhance followers’ PsyCap for creating service excelle...
Linking high-performance work systems and happiness at work: role of career aspiration and thriving
Career Development International
PurposeThis study utilizes self-determination theory (SDT) to understand how high-performance wor... more PurposeThis study utilizes self-determination theory (SDT) to understand how high-performance work systems (HPWS) may foster happiness at work through serial transmission pathways of career aspiration and thriving at work.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses data collected from a sample of 309 employees working in various organizations. It uses multilevel, multisource and time-lagged data and applied Mplus 8.0 for hypotheses testing.FindingsThe study findings reveal a positive relationship between HPWS and career aspiration. Career aspiration was positively related to thriving at work and thriving at work was positively associated with happiness at work. Moreover, career aspiration mediated the relationship between HPWS and thriving at work. Whereas, thriving at work mediated the relationship between career aspiration and happiness at work. The results also support the serial mediation of career aspiration and thriving at work between HPWS and happiness at work.Practical implic...
4 Essais Sur L'Influence Du Stress Terroriste et Du Stress Au Travail Sur Les Attitudes et Les Comportements Des Employés
Le terrorisme est un fleau qui s’est repandu dans le monde entier. Les evenements de ces derniere... more Le terrorisme est un fleau qui s’est repandu dans le monde entier. Les evenements de ces dernieres annees au Sri Lanka, en Nouvelle-Zelande, au Royaume-Uni, en France, au Pakistan et dans d'autres zones du monde ont fait des victimes, touchees physiquement et mentalement. Dans certains pays, le terrorisme est une realite quotidienne. Vivre sous le terrorisme peut etre extremement stressant pour les societes en general et les entreprises en particulier. Jusqu'a present, peu de recherches ont ete consacrees a ce phenomene. Par consequent, cette etude vise a comprendre le stress lie au terrorisme et ses effets sur les employes travaillant dans des zones qui y sont exposes. Ce travail de these constitue de quatre essais, se fonde sur trois cadres conceptuels theoriques, developpes a partir d’une revue de litterature complete et une etude de recherche qualitative. Les trois cadres distincts utilises sont : le modele du Stress et de l'Evaluation Cognitive (Lazarus et Folkman, ...
Job Stress and Burnout Among Employees Working in Terrorist-Ridden Areas
This article examines the relationship of effort-reward imbalance (ERI) on employee stress by con... more This article examines the relationship of effort-reward imbalance (ERI) on employee stress by considering job burnout (BO), organizational (in)justice (OJ), and sensitivity to terrorism (STT). This study uses the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) framework as a job stress model. After describing terrorism and a brief discussion on organizational justice and some of its challenges, we introduced “sensitivity to terrorism” as a moderator in the ERI framework. Using a 432 sample size of questionnaire data collected from two big cities where terrorist attacks are rampant and received during a period when terrorist attacks were at a peak. After analyzing data in EFA, results from the hierarchical regression analysis provided support for our developed model. Overall, the statistical model is significant (p < 0.05). We found significant relationships between ERI and facets of BO. Organizational (in)justice mediated the influence of ERI on facets of BO. We also found that STT significantly m...
Historical Development of Organizational Behavior Management
Purpose: The study aims to review the existing literature linked to the field of Organization Beh... more Purpose: The study aims to review the existing literature linked to the field of Organization Behavior Management (OBM) and provide a historical account of OBM development based on the existing literature. Design/methodology/approach: The study performs keywords search of published OBM articles from 1950 onwards in widely used research databases. All materials were reviewed, i.e., the title, abstract, background, and methodology, to determine whether they are in line with the objective of the current study. Findings: The historical review shows that OBM practices applied widely over the years were visible in various sectors in the late 1960s and early 1970s. By the end of the 1980s, the OBM discipline was well established. It has produced considerable evidence through behavior analytic interventions that modify human behavior at work. Research findings show that OBM practices help an individual to understand how to carry out one’s tasks/activities within the organization to improve ...
Does social support at work enhance subjective career success? The mediating role of relational attachment
Purpose Drawing on Kahn’s model of meaningful connections, this study aims to examine relational ... more Purpose Drawing on Kahn’s model of meaningful connections, this study aims to examine relational attachment as a mediating mechanism linking social support in terms of instrumental support and personal support to employees’ subjective career success. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected in 2 waves from 247 employees working in Poland. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling in AMOS. Findings The findings indicated that employees are more attached to and satisfied with their careers when they have a stronger relational attachment to others at work. Furthermore, relational attachment was found to be driven by tangible or intangible instrumental support received at work rather than the personal support received at work. Practical implications Managers should recognize the importance of workplace relationships and social support, which can lead to higher career commitment and career satisfaction. However, managers should keep in mind that too much interferen...
Nexus between perceived job insecurity and employee work-related outcomes amid COVID-19: Attenuating effect of supervisor support
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine perceived job insecurity as an antecedent of adverse psycho... more OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine perceived job insecurity as an antecedent of adverse psychological well-being and job outcomes (i.e., job satisfaction and organizational commitment), applying conservation of resources and organizational support theories. The study also investigated the role of perceived supervisor support as a moderator in the study. METHODS: Two-wave longitudinal data (n = 385) was collected with two months between Time 1 and Time 2. Data collected from employees working in two MNCs in Pakistan. A conceptual framework was developed where the mediating role of work stress on the job insecurity relationship is conditional to the values of job satisfaction and organizational commitment. RESULTS: During analysis, a positive association was found between job insecurity and work stress. Further, job insecurity led to work stress and it negatively led to job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Perceived supervisor support moderated work stress and job satisf...
Diffusion of Innovation Model of New Services Offerings in Univesities of Karachi
This research study aims to investigate the influence of adoption of new major/specialization in ... more This research study aims to investigate the influence of adoption of new major/specialization in the universities of karachi, Pakistan. It also analyzes the relationship between new major and their adoption behavior. A convenient sample of 250 students from different universities students of Karachi was taken. After validating the instrument, one sample t-test was performed to test the relationship of selected variables i.e. Relative advantage, Observe-ability, Trial-ability, Compatibility and Complexity with the behavior of students in adopting a new major/specialization. Using SPSS 17.0 Statistical evidence at .05 level of significance proved that relative advantage, trial-ability, compatibility, complexity and observe-ability are significantly correlated with a new major/specialization adoption. The findings are helpful for academicians, bureau of curriculum and other institutions to design and market new academic programs.
Fear of terror and employees’ behaviour in terrorist-ridden areas
Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research
Purpose This study aims to investigate the impact of fear of terror (FOT) on employee organizatio... more Purpose This study aims to investigate the impact of fear of terror (FOT) on employee organizational commitment (OC) working in terror-induced areas through examining the role of rumination as a mediator and perceived organization support (POS) as a moderator. Design/methodology/approach The authors develop a model in which the mediating role of rumination in the FOT relationship is conditional to the values of OC. Using a sample size of 268 respondents, questionnaires were used to collect data from Pakistan during a period when terrorist attacks were at a peak. Results from the hierarchical regression analyses provided support for the developed model. Findings Overall, the statistical model is significant (p < 0.05); the authors found negative relationships between FOT and OC. The authors found that FOT positively led to rumination, which then negatively led to OC. It was also found that POS significantly moderated FOT and OC. Practical implications This study revealed that FOT ...
Measuring Job Satisfaction of Government Sector Employees; A case of Bureau of Statistics, Pakistan
ABSTRACT Purpose-This study examines level of job satisfaction among the staff of Sindh Bureau of... more ABSTRACT Purpose-This study examines level of job satisfaction among the staff of Sindh Bureau of Statistics, Planning &amp; Development Department, Government of Sindh. Methodology/Sample- The Bureau was randomly selected amongst the non- Secretariat departments which mostly have grievances developed against the policies discriminating in favour of the Secretariat employees and in disfavor of the subsidiary departments and bureaus. The study was based on measurement of satisfaction of employee satisfaction against various facets of their job. A random sample of 40 out of 100 staff members (from BPS-5 to BPS-18) was selected for investigation. Using exploratory research approach, close-ended questionnaire was used with four-point Likert scale. Background conservation and chats were also held with the sample members especially where they needed clarification. Findings- These conservations provided a healthy insight to the authors into the matter. Job facets like job security, immediate supervisors behavior, recognition, interpersonal relations, workload, career growth and pay/compensation were the factors that the employees showed satisfaction with. Whereas working conditions, feelings of achievement and government policies turned out to be the dissatisfying factors. Practical Implications- Findings of the study are likely to offer guideline to other government departments in understanding the various job satisfaction facets in the government sector departments and taking measures in that regard.
Brand trust, customer satisfaction and Brand Loyalty - A cross Examination
Brand Loyalty is one of the most significant tools for any organization to survive in a severe co... more Brand Loyalty is one of the most significant tools for any organization to survive in a severe competition. Brand helps in creating a relationship between consumer and producer. In this cross-sectional research, we have investigated the effect of service quality, perceived quality, perceived value, brand trust and customer satisfaction on brand loyalty. The service quality, perceived quality, and value were determined to be input variables; brand trust and customer satisfaction were determined to be intervening variables, and brand loyalty was determined to be the output variable. A conceptual model was designed to explain the factors on brand loyalty. Data were collected from 150 respondents who were users of the certain international brand. Our study results provide a better understanding of brand loyalty among customers of a certain brand.
In this paper we investigated the role of gold prices, interest rate and exchange rate against in... more In this paper we investigated the role of gold prices, interest rate and exchange rate against inflation in Pakistan both in the long and the short run, utilizing time series data over the period of 1975-2013 under the Johansen co-integration and vector error correction specifications. The results suggest that gold prices and interest rate are significantly positively related with inflation in the long run in the case of Pakistan, indicating that a rise in gold prices and interest will result in increase in inflation in Pakistan. Whereas exchange rate is found to be insignificant to impact inflation over the length of this study. However exchange rate is found to have significantly and negatively associated with inflation in the short run. That means that appreciation in rupee (PKR) will result in decrease in inflation and vice versa.
Purpose-Purpose of this conceptual study was to explore prospects of coaching and mentoring as a ... more Purpose-Purpose of this conceptual study was to explore prospects of coaching and mentoring as a HRD intervention in the private sector organizations and government departments in Pakistan. This study was prompted by coaching and mentoring being an effective and efficient mode of employee development compared to traditional off-the-job classroom training programs.
The prime focus of this research is to determine the social, cultural and economic insinuations o... more The prime focus of this research is to determine the social, cultural and economic insinuations of women entrepreneurship and to investigate motivational features & obstructions associated with it. Female entrepreneurship is a famous building block of economy. It is a technique to create employment that could pay back to economic growth. Presently, economic inequality and unemployment are main concerns to Pakistan. Entrepreneurship is an asset which is able to eliminate all the evils linked with economic prosperity, social inequalities and job creation. Recently in the wake of current episodes of the financial crises, developing countries have been struggling to motivate female entrepreneurs for the reason that it has accredited benefits in the way to economic development. The literature advocates that entrepreneurs has a constructive impact on growth on most economies through capital and technology acquisition. This study shall take into account the chi square, ANNOVA and t-test analysis. Primary data has been used and collected from various parts of karachi. The Results will provide insights whether in the current economic settings, does female entrepreneurship play significantly positive role in the Economic Growth of Pakistan.
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