Clothing and Textile Centre

Clothing is worn in single and multiple layer arrangements and during use subjected to conditions such as extension and wetting. This study investigated how selected variables affected transmission of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) through fabrics and whether these variables interact to modify transmission. Using a spectrophotometer the effect of: i) fabric type (two knitted, two woven), color (black and white), wetness (dry, wet, damp), and extension (relaxed, extended (10x10%, 10x20%), and ii) fabric type and layering (1, 2, 3 layers) of white fabrics, on UVR (290-400 nm), UVA (315-400 nm), UVB (290-315 nm), and ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) rating was investigated. Differences among variables were identified using univariate and repeated measures ANOVA and interactions among variables identified and described. Selecting dark colors, limiting extension and layering fabric are shown to be effective ways of increasing UV protection and UPF by decreasing transmittance. However, the effect of color, extension and layering varied among fabric types and modified UVA and UVB transmittance differently.

Methods The rate of pretibial injury was estimated from national hospital discharge data from the New Zealand Health Information Service (NZHIS) National Minimum Dataset (1986–1999), and estimates of New Zealand's resident population. Cases accepted by ...

This paper describes results from an online survey of 26 women from 8 universities, describing times when work and non-work situations have helped or hindered their advancement in university leadership roles. From the 110 reported incidents, 5 categories of factors that make a difference to advancement as leaders have been identified. This research is part of the L-SHIP (Leadership-Supporting Higher Intent & Practice) project and has two main aims. First, to identify factors in universities that help and hinder women's advancement as leaders, as reported by women; second, to produce practical programmes for aspiring leaders and tertiary institutions on how to identify what helps and hinders advancement in university leadership roles, and how to develop effective programmes to harness strengths and address barriers. This research is a first step to the L-SHIP Toolkit for good practice in leadership development in higher education.

The purpose of this work was to develop a model for estimating 'dry' and 'wet' thermal resistance of bedding during use. The model takes into account proportions of the body covered by different bedding arrangements, and the effects of an infants sleep position and method of tucking on thickness, thermal resistance and heat loss. Predictions of thermal resistance using various published formulae are compared with those from this study.

Bandages are common in many health-related treatments, including management of edema of the lower limb where they may remain in place for several days. The behavior of 2 bandage fabrics was investigated after exposure for up to 5 days to a multiaxial extension laboratory setup on a tensile tester in compression mode. The fabrics were extended 20% and remained under that machine setting. Stress-relaxation over time was determined by analyzing the rate of change over 24 hours and over 5 days. Most change, a rapid drop in force, occurred during the first 15 minutes; thereafter, for the next 12-hour period, a slower rate of decrease was observed. Both fabrics continued to relax gradually during the next 12 hours and continued to do so for up to 5 days. Little further change was evident during the last 12 hours or so. This phenomenon suggests that rewrapping may be appropriate (albeit not practical) after 12 hours of compression therapy to optimize the compression given to the lower leg....

Background: Differences in the incidence of SIDS between dWesternT and dEasternT countries has been attributed to cultural practices, which may affect the infants care and thermal environment. Aim: The purpose of this work was to estimate for selected dcommonlyT used bedding, sleep positions and practices in Japan, Korea and New Zealand, the intrinsic ddryT thermal resistance of bedding. Insulation levels are also discussed in the context of published information about the thermal environment in which the bedding is likely to be used. Method: Selected Japanese, Korean and New Zealand bedding was loosely tucked over an infant manikin in the lateral, prone and supine sleep positions. Thickness in use was measured, and intrinsic ddryT thermal resistance estimated using the Wilson Laing model which accommodates the effect on insulation of the three-dimensional arrangement of bedding combinations during use. Results and discussion: Thickness of under-and upper-bedding varied among countries with thickness and estimated ddryT thermal resistance of the upperbedding affected by the type/combination of bedding and the infants sleep position. Insulation levels are discussed in relation to environmental conditions within and among countries and between seasons. Further information on thermal environments, bedding combinations used and care practices within both Asian and Western countries is needed. Conclusions: dEasternT infants appear likely to be generally covered in bedding combinations of greater insulation than those used to cover dWesternT infants in comparable seasons. Differences existed between insulation of the Japanese and