Psychology

This paper addresses cultural factors in illness and wellness, using depression as a specific context. The issue of cultural relativism and commensurability of diagnosis and evaluation of outcomes across cultures is discussed. The concepts underlying traditional systems of healing are compared to those of Western orthodox medicine.

We have reported results from the formative stage of a community health worker intervention designed to improve diabetes management among Bangladeshi patients in New York City. Trained community health workers conducted focus groups (n=47) and surveys (n=169) with Bangladeshi individuals recruited from community locations. Results indicated that participants faced numerous barriers to care, had high rates of limited English proficiency, and had low levels of knowledge about diabetes. Most participants expressed interest in participating in a community health worker intervention.

This special issue on a psychosocial view of mental illness continues the discussion initiated in the previous special issue under the same name (Vol. 4, No. 2, 1995). The theoretical framework established in that volume is further expanded in its complexity and comprehensiveness with contributions by Stewart, Runi Mukherji, Javier, Herron, and Yanos, Louden, and Azaunce. We wanted to provide the readers with a variety of analyses about the role of culture and ethnicity, not only with regard to mental illness, but with regard to the variety of forces impacting on the human condition in general. These contributions advance the idea that the different cultural norms do result in very different perceptions about the nature of human reality and condition, the view of health, pathology and treatment. They dictate the code of conduct which influences the individual's response to events in his/her life.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has required faculty and students to adapt to an unprecedented challenge and rapidly transition from traditional face-to-face instruction to distance learning formats through virtual classrooms. While most campuses trained faculty to ensure quality and maintenance of the curriculum through virtual classrooms, less consideration has been given to training students, who face equal challenges in adapting to this abrupt change in the delivery of the curriculum. Few approaches have been developed for students to facilitate their involuntary transition to virtual classrooms and maintenance of appropriate online learning behaviours and etiquette. Presented here are a series of propositions to help to maintain and enhance the quality of college student engagement and activity in the virtual classroom. These guidelines are from one example of the State University of New York public educational system perspective, at the pandemic’s epicentre, while serving ...

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has required faculty and students to adapt to an unprecedented challenge and rapidly transition from traditional face-to-face instruction to distance learning formats through virtual classrooms. While most campuses trained faculty to ensure quality and maintenance of the curriculum through virtual classrooms, less consideration has been given to training students, who face equal challenges in adapting to this abrupt change in the delivery of the curriculum. Few approaches have been developed for students to facilitate their involuntary transition to virtual classrooms and maintenance of appropriate online learning behaviours and etiquette. Presented here are a series of propositions to help to maintain and enhance the quality of college student engagement and activity in the virtual classroom. These guidelines are from one example of the State University of New York public educational system perspective, at the pandemic’s epicentre, while serving ...

1. Investigated the effects of semantic relatedness on categorization performance with 24 undergraduates. A different pair of categories was used in 6 tasks: vowel–nonword, good–bad, plant–animal, natural–artificial, and noun–verb. For the 1st 3 category pairs, ...

Habits in note-taking and media usage of the current generation of undergraduate college students are very different from prior generations. Current students are attracted to multi-dimensional teaching approaches which utilize visual learning aids and increased social interactions beyond the traditional lecture. Moreover, the diversity with respect to first generation college student/immigrant and returning learners is growing. This learning situation becomes further complicated in teaching interdisciplinary biopsychology courses, where students may not possess a complete set of foundational concepts. Thus, Addressing Diverse College Students and Interdisciplinary Learning Experiences Through Online Virtual Laboratory Instruction: A Theoretical Approach to ErrorBased Learning in Biopsychology

Immigration to the United States has been a major catalyst for population growth and is the significant factor in the changing racial/ethnic composition of our population. The specific changes in the racial/ethnic mix in United States in recent times are due in large part to a surge in immigration from diverse sending countries. However, much of the terminology that continues to be used in the context of higher education to describe diversity in the student populations are anachronistic and serves actually to occlude true diversity. We argue that variables such as country of birth of the student, the country of origin of the parent, and parental educational achievement, all have significant impact on the academic progress and success of undergraduate underrepresented minority students. These are variables that should be used to disaggregate the traditional racial and ethnic categories, to really serve the needs of the increasingly diverse student body. These are not data typically collected by institutions of higher education, but without which appropriate needs assessments and targeted interventions cannot occur.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the impact and feasibility of a pilot Community Health Worker (CHW) intervention to improve diabetes management among Bangladeshi-American individuals with type 2 diabetes living in New York City. Methods Participants were recruited at clinic- and community-based venues. The intervention consisted of 6 monthly, CHW-facilitated group sessions on topics related to management of diabetes. Surveys were collected at baseline and follow-up time points. Study outcomes included clinical, behavioral, and satisfaction measures for participants, as well as qualitative measures from CHWs. Results Improvements were seen in diabetes knowledge, exercise and diet to control diabetes, frequency of checking feet, medication compliance, and self-efficacy of health and physical activity from baseline to 12 months. Additionally, there were decreases in A1C, weight, and body mass index. Program evaluation revealed a high acceptability of the intervention, a...

This article reports results from a patient-centered intervention to improve management of type 2 diabetes in the New York City Bangladeshi community. The DREAM (Diabetes Research, Education, and Action for Minorities) intervention is a randomized trial among Bangladeshi immigrants with type 2 diabetes comparing those enrolled in a community health worker (CHW) intervention to those in usual care. Participants in the intervention group received five group-based educational sessions and two one-on-one visits delivered by a trained CHW, whereas those in the control group received only the first group educational session. Main outcomes include changes in A1C, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, weight, BMI, and patient-centered outcomes such as knowledge and behavior related to type 2 diabetes management.

Reformulations of Beck's theory (e.g., Dykman et al. J Pers Social Psychol 56:431-445, 1989) propose that depressed and nondepressed people are equally likely to use schematic processing to interpret information. The few studies to test this hypothesis have had methodological shortcomings. Past studies have not included a clinically depressed sample and have failed to assess a full range of potential biases (negative, neutral, and positive). To address these limitations, a recognition-of-information task was administered to clinically depressed, dysphoric, and nondepressed college students. Clinically depressed participants were significantly more likely than nondepressed participants to generate negative interpretations of a self-relevant ambiguous story. Clinically depressed participants also were more likely than both dysphoric and nondepressed participants to refute positive interpretations of the story. However, consistent with reformulations of Beck's theory, dysphoric participants and nondepressed participants also tended to ''go beyond'' the information given in the story. Indeed, all three participant groups were equally biased in their interpretations. The difference among the groups was in the direction (negative vs. positive) and the heterogeneity of the biases.

We have reported results from the formative stage of a community health worker intervention designed to improve diabetes management among Bangladeshi patients in New York City. Trained community health workers conducted focus groups (n = 47) and surveys (n = 169) with Bangladeshi individuals recruited from community locations. Results indicated that participants faced numerous barriers to care, had high rates of limited English proficiency, and had low levels of knowledge about diabetes. Most participants expressed interest in participating in a community health worker intervention.

Es muy frecuente en Costa Rica utilizar intervalos de referencia reportados en la literatura para pruebas químicas de laboratorio. Debido a que los valores de gases sanguíneos varían considerablemente con la edad y presión barométrica, es muy importante conocer los valores de referencia locales en la población de niños y de adultos. Se analizó un total de 200 niños y 100 adultos sin enfermedades aparentes, utilizando sangre arterial obtenida y mantenida en anaerobiosis a 4 0 C por no más de dos horas. Los valores promedio obtenidos en la determinación de pH, pCO2, HCO3 y PO2 fueron los siguientes: Niños de 2 a 5 años: pH 7.425, pCO2 29.4 mmHg, HCO3 18.9 mmHg, PO2 74.2 mmHg. Adultos de 18 a 50 años: pH 7.416, pCO2 35.2 mmHg, HCO3 22.5 mmHg PO2 83.1 mmHg.

The p T -differential inclusive production cross section of the prompt charm-strange meson D + s in the rapidity range |y| < 0.5 was measured in proton-proton collisions at √ s = 7 TeV at the LHC using the ALICE detector. The analysis was performed on a data sample of 2.98×10 8 events collected with a minimum-bias trigger. The corresponding integrated luminosity is L int = 4.8 nb −1 . Reconstructing the decay D + s → φ π + , with φ → K − K + , and its charge conjugate, about 480 D ± s mesons were counted, after selection cuts, in the transverse momentum range 2 < p T < 12 GeV/c. The results are compared with the prediction of a model based on perturbative QCD. The ratios of the cross sections of four D meson species (namely D 0 , D + , D * + and D + s ) were determined both as a function of p T and integrated over p T after extrapolating to full p T range, together with the strangeness suppression factor in charm fragmentation. The obtained values are found to be compatible within uncertainties with those measured by other experiments in e + e − , ep and pp interactions at various centre-of-mass energies.

Odeljenje za psihologiju, Filozofski fakultet u Beogradu U ovom članku izloženi su rezultati eksperimentalnog istraživanja strategija sticanja otpornosti na ubеđivanje. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se ispita efikasnost dve konkretne strategije kontraargumentovanja i obezvređivanja izvora i eventualna zavisnost efekata ovih strategija od kanala prijema poruke. Istraživanje se oslanja na modifikovanu eksperimentalnu paradigmu korišćenu u istraživanju Kameronove i saradnika (Cameron et al., 2002), sa namerom da se provere njihovi nalazi i to u situaciji prezentovanja poruke putem video, audio-zapisa ili pismenim putem. Ubeđujuća poruka proizvela je statistički značajne efekte-stav ispitanika prema prekidu trudnoće značajno je promenjen; ni jedna od strategija građenja otpornosti, međutim, nije se pokazala efikasnom, kao što ni efekat promene stava nije zavisio od kanala prijema poruke.

The present research took an experimental approach to examining strategies of resistance to persuasion. We tested the effects of two strategies (counterarguing and source derogation) and their relation to channel through which a message is received (print, audio and video). The experiment is based on modified experimental paradigm used in one previous research (Cameron et al, 2002) in order to retest their findings and examine the role of communication modality in inoculation. Persuasive message generated statistically significant effects- attitude towards abortion was significantly changed. Both resistance strategies, on the other hand, failed to elicit resistance and measured attitude change wasn&#39;t significantly related to communication channel.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has required faculty and students to adapt to an unprecedented challenge and rapidly transition from traditional face-to-face instruction to distance learning formats through virtual classrooms. While most campuses trained faculty to ensure quality and maintenance of the curriculum through virtual classrooms, less consideration has been given to training students, who face equal challenges in adapting to this abrupt change in the delivery of the curriculum. Few approaches have been developed for students to facilitate their involuntary transition to virtual classrooms and maintenance of appropriate online learning behaviours and etiquette. Presented here are a series of propositions to help to maintain and enhance the quality of college student engagement and activity in the virtual classroom. These guidelines are from one example of the State University of New York public educational system perspective, at the pandemic’s epicentre, while serving ...

Narrating Power and Injustice: How Young People Make Sense About Fairness by Svetlana Jović Adviser: Colette Daiute Our concrete embodiments as members of a specific class, race, and gender, as well as our historical situations play important roles in shaping our perspective of the world. The goal of this dissertation was to explore how different socioeconomic circumstances shape adolescents’ sense-making about fairness and their capacity to relate to different actors in a social situation including an instance of injustice. Additionally, the study explored the systematic shift in youth’s sense-making – their capacity to adjust one’s ways of knowing and being, depending on the perspective they assume and different others they address. I used narrative methodology to explore linguistic enactments of relational complexity, the capacity to imagine and embody the thoughts, feelings, intentions, and values of another person. The study involved 64 adolescents of high-school age (M=17), re...