Society of 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is presently evolving Long Term Evolution Ad... more Society of 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is presently evolving Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-Advanced) as a development of the standard of LTE. This generation aims to produce specifications for a new radio-access technology geared to higher data rates, low latency and greater spectral efficiency. LTE-Advanced is an evolutionary step in the continuing development of LTE where the description in this article is based on LTE release 10. This paper provides detailed interfacing parameters and factors, which effect to implement the traffics and links of the transport layer for LTE-Advanced networks using the network simulator NS-2. Furthermore, it provides a deeper insight for the interface of protocol stacks, user plane, and control plane of protocol stack with the investigation to the links between the main parts LTE-Advanced structure in terms of events, activities, organizations and other factors that have played an important role over transport layer.
Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a 4G wireless broadband technology developed by the Third Generation... more Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a 4G wireless broadband technology developed by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), and it's represent the competitiveness of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) for the next 10 years and beyond. The concepts for LTE systems have been introduced in 3GPP release 8, with objective of high-data-rate, low-latency and packet-optimized radio access technology. In this paper, performance of different TCP variants over LTE network investigated. This paper describes analysis of TCP-Vegas, TCP-Tahoe, TCP-Reno, TCP-New reno, TCP-SACK, and TCP-FACK, based on NS-2 Simulator with full modeling of all traffics of LTE system. The analysis of TCP performance over LTE ensures that all TCP's have a similar throughput and the best performance return to TCP-Vegas than other variants.
Major challenge for TCP is to keep up the new and modern generation in communications networks su... more Major challenge for TCP is to keep up the new and modern generation in communications networks such as networks with large bandwidth and long delay because when TCP applies on next generation networks will suffer from degradation in performance. The reason behind this shortcoming in performance is due to the congestion control mechanisms supported by TCP variants where these mechanisms depending on linear or exponential growth to increasing the transmission window. In TCP-Vegas, in spite of the performance degrades if applied in large bandwidth-large delay networks, but it can give acceptable performance when TCP receiver support delayed acknowledgment (ACK). Vegas congestion control algorithm developed in different manner and not support the same techniques used in other TCP source variants, because it minimizes the delay in connection queue and also provides a far less in loss of packets where that increase the throughput of network. This article presents results from a series of simulation experiments designed to study TCP Vegas performance in large bandwidth and large delay network model using NS-2 network simulator. The analysis and observation of Vegas behavior performed using the main two parameters, alpha and beta, to configure the congestion window (cwnd) phases. After used multiple values, the behavior of cwnd of TCP Vegas is very sensitive to the variation of the parameters values and then we got a wide variety results corresponding to parameters variation.
Recently, Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is the result of ongoing work by the Third Generation Partner... more Recently, Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is the result of ongoing work by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) toward Fourth Generation (4G) systems. LTE will be used for mobile, fixed and portable wireless broadband access, and will offer several benefits to operators, aimed at increasing capacity, reducing network complexity and thus lowering deployment and operational costs. It will enable operators to meet the growing demand for mobile data solutions, making it possible for richer services to be delivered to consumers more cost effectively. The targets for LTE indicate bandwidth increases as high as 100 Mbps on the downlink, and up to 50 Mbps on the uplink. However, this potential increase in bandwidth is just a small part of the overall improvement LTE aims to provide. This study illustrates the model and representation of LTE links and traffics using NS-2 network simulator and observation of TCP Reno performance investigated. The Evaluation of the network performance with TCP Reno is mainly based on congestion window behavior, throughput, average delay and lost packet.
TCP or Transmission Control Protocol represents one of the prevailing ''languages'' of the Intern... more TCP or Transmission Control Protocol represents one of the prevailing ''languages'' of the Internet Protocol Suite, complementing the Internet Protocol (IP), and therefore the entire suite is commonly referred to as TCP/IP. TCP provides reliability to data transferring in all end-to-end data stream services on the internet. This protocol is utilized by major internet applications such as the e-mail, file transfer, remote administration and world-wide-web. Other applications which do not require reliable data stream service may use the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), which provides a datagram service that emphasizes reduced latency over reliability. The task of determining the available bandwidth of TCP packets flow is in fact, very tedious and complicated. The complexity arises due to the effects of congestion control of both the network dynamics and TCP. Congestion control is an approved mechanism used to detect the optimum bandwidth in which the packets are to be sent by TCP sender. The understanding of TCP behaviour and the approaches used to enhance the performance of TCP in fact, still remain a major challenge. In conjunction to this, a considerable amount of researches has been made, in view of developing a good mechanism to raise the efficiency of TCP performance. The article analyses and investigates the congestion control technique applied by TCP, and indicates the main parameters and requirements required to design and develop a new congestion control mechanism.
Society of 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is presently evolving Long Term Evolution Ad... more Society of 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is presently evolving Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-Advanced) as a development of the standard of LTE. This generation aims to produce specifications for a new radio-access technology geared to higher data rates, low latency and greater spectral efficiency. LTE-Advanced is an evolutionary step in the continuing development of LTE where the description in this article is based on LTE release 10. This paper provides detailed interfacing parameters and factors, which effect to implement the traffics and links of the transport layer for LTE-Advanced networks using the network simulator NS-2. Furthermore, it provides a deeper insight for the interface of protocol stacks, user plane, and control plane of protocol stack with the investigation to the links between the main parts LTE-Advanced structure in terms of events, activities, organizations and other factors that have played an important role over transport layer.
Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a 4G wireless broadband technology developed by the Third Generation... more Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a 4G wireless broadband technology developed by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), and it's represent the competitiveness of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) for the next 10 years and beyond. The concepts for LTE systems have been introduced in 3GPP release 8, with objective of high-data-rate, low-latency and packet-optimized radio access technology. In this paper, performance of different TCP variants over LTE network investigated. This paper describes analysis of TCP-Vegas, TCP-Tahoe, TCP-Reno, TCP-New reno, TCP-SACK, and TCP-FACK, based on NS-2 Simulator with full modeling of all traffics of LTE system. The analysis of TCP performance over LTE ensures that all TCP's have a similar throughput and the best performance return to TCP-Vegas than other variants.
Major challenge for TCP is to keep up the new and modern generation in communications networks su... more Major challenge for TCP is to keep up the new and modern generation in communications networks such as networks with large bandwidth and long delay because when TCP applies on next generation networks will suffer from degradation in performance. The reason behind this shortcoming in performance is due to the congestion control mechanisms supported by TCP variants where these mechanisms depending on linear or exponential growth to increasing the transmission window. In TCP-Vegas, in spite of the performance degrades if applied in large bandwidth-large delay networks, but it can give acceptable performance when TCP receiver support delayed acknowledgment (ACK). Vegas congestion control algorithm developed in different manner and not support the same techniques used in other TCP source variants, because it minimizes the delay in connection queue and also provides a far less in loss of packets where that increase the throughput of network. This article presents results from a series of simulation experiments designed to study TCP Vegas performance in large bandwidth and large delay network model using NS-2 network simulator. The analysis and observation of Vegas behavior performed using the main two parameters, alpha and beta, to configure the congestion window (cwnd) phases. After used multiple values, the behavior of cwnd of TCP Vegas is very sensitive to the variation of the parameters values and then we got a wide variety results corresponding to parameters variation.
Recently, Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is the result of ongoing work by the Third Generation Partner... more Recently, Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is the result of ongoing work by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) toward Fourth Generation (4G) systems. LTE will be used for mobile, fixed and portable wireless broadband access, and will offer several benefits to operators, aimed at increasing capacity, reducing network complexity and thus lowering deployment and operational costs. It will enable operators to meet the growing demand for mobile data solutions, making it possible for richer services to be delivered to consumers more cost effectively. The targets for LTE indicate bandwidth increases as high as 100 Mbps on the downlink, and up to 50 Mbps on the uplink. However, this potential increase in bandwidth is just a small part of the overall improvement LTE aims to provide. This study illustrates the model and representation of LTE links and traffics using NS-2 network simulator and observation of TCP Reno performance investigated. The Evaluation of the network performance with TCP Reno is mainly based on congestion window behavior, throughput, average delay and lost packet.
TCP or Transmission Control Protocol represents one of the prevailing ''languages'' of the Intern... more TCP or Transmission Control Protocol represents one of the prevailing ''languages'' of the Internet Protocol Suite, complementing the Internet Protocol (IP), and therefore the entire suite is commonly referred to as TCP/IP. TCP provides reliability to data transferring in all end-to-end data stream services on the internet. This protocol is utilized by major internet applications such as the e-mail, file transfer, remote administration and world-wide-web. Other applications which do not require reliable data stream service may use the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), which provides a datagram service that emphasizes reduced latency over reliability. The task of determining the available bandwidth of TCP packets flow is in fact, very tedious and complicated. The complexity arises due to the effects of congestion control of both the network dynamics and TCP. Congestion control is an approved mechanism used to detect the optimum bandwidth in which the packets are to be sent by TCP sender. The understanding of TCP behaviour and the approaches used to enhance the performance of TCP in fact, still remain a major challenge. In conjunction to this, a considerable amount of researches has been made, in view of developing a good mechanism to raise the efficiency of TCP performance. The article analyses and investigates the congestion control technique applied by TCP, and indicates the main parameters and requirements required to design and develop a new congestion control mechanism.
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Papers by Ghassan Abed