International Journal of Research in Sociology and Anthropology, 2017
Whereas there are several initiatives to combat poverty in the developing countries,, it has been... more Whereas there are several initiatives to combat poverty in the developing countries,, it has been observed that tourism may be, for developing countries like Rwanda, one of the most viable options for advancing their economic and social development. However, there are still unexplored scientific arguments to support the real impacts of these programmes at various levels. The present research attempted to contribute to fill this gap in the scientific literature about tourism and poverty alleviation. Its essential theoretical implication was to identify the main determinants that support the wide concept of capacity building and its role in triggering poverty reduction through tourism. During the study, a non-probabilistic sample of seventy (70) respondents was used. Thus, primary data was collected from local people of Kinigi Sector of Musanze District. The main research instruments used were directed questionnaires and documentation. Primary data collected were first entered in SPSS and then analysed using its descriptive tools. The study revealed that, tourism related activities have helped the local people to get jobs and create small scale projects, hence contributing towards the reduction of poverty in the area. Besides, it was observed that tourism has helped the local people to get markets for their agricultural and handcraft products. Based on elementary poverty indicators, the study has shown that general living conditions of rural people has improved because of tourism. Based on the scope and delimitation of the study, some recommendations were provided.
International Journal of Research in Sociology and Anthropology, 2017
The study present study is entitled: "Mobile Banking Services Empowering Youth in Rwanda: A Case ... more The study present study is entitled: "Mobile Banking Services Empowering Youth in Rwanda: A Case of Gisenyi Sector of Rubavu District". The study aimed at assessing how mobile banking services are empowering youth in the selected area for the study. Further, it was not only intended to find out the services offered to the youth pursuing business in the area through the facilitation of mobile banking services but also to analyse challenges faced by youth in business in Gisenyi Sector while making use of mobile banking services. Case study research design was adopted for the study. Data was obtained from both primary and secondary sources which included the use of questionnaire and observation methods, besides, the review of existing and available documents related to the present issue. The target population was 9022 comprising self employed youth in the selected Sector. The representative sample size of the study was 99 respondents consisting of the self employed youth in Gisenyi Sector acquiring mobile banking services and Mtn mobile money, Tigo cash, Airtel money business operators and bank agents selected through the application of convenience sampling and purposive sampling techniques. The obtained data were analysed by use of tables, frequencies and percentages. The study found that youth in Gisenyi Sector, from the mobile banking among the services received included: making money deposits; withdrawing money; money transfers; purchase;account balance checking and bill payment. Further, it was found that mobile banking system has contributed significantly towards the youth business in Gisenyi Sector, for instance, according to the respondents of the study, it has improved the connectivity of business in remote areas; it has connected the youth in business with supplier; it is said to have reduced the risk of theft and frauds in businesses; it has increased the volume of trade per day and, too, it has enhanced working capital among the youth in business. The noted challenges faced by youth in business in Gisenyi Sector included network problems; privacy and security problem;high charges and barrier in withdrawing higher than a specific amount. Hence, the study conclusively states that mobile banking system has played a significant role towards the advancement of the youth in business in Gisenyi Sector. The researchers, therefore, recommend that Rwandan youth should be enabled to continue accessing mobile phones, so that, mobile banking services can be facilitated and hence, serve as alternative way to promote the youth in accessing financial services quickly and easily.
International Journal of Research in Sociology and Anthropology, 2019
According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), domestic violence is a global issue which affec... more According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), domestic violence is a global issue which affects innumerable people especially women and children. The UN Population Fund (2000) in their report, it was noticed that in Africa and Asia, beating or intimidating a woman by a husband is a deep socially held belief. Even in societies where women look to be enjoying the life they live, they tolerate some amount of violence against them from their husbands. The WHO (2005) in their study on
International Journal of Research in Sociology and Anthropology, 2016
Traditionally, world all over, men and women's roles differed greatly due to the fact that divisi... more Traditionally, world all over, men and women's roles differed greatly due to the fact that division of labour was based on ones sex. Changes observed, today, in the forms of structure of employment, gender equality campaigns and policy guidelines are viewed as not being good enough to eliminate employment disparity by gender. There still exists an unfair share of key managerial and executive positions among women and men in all the sectors of the present Rwandan economy, the hotel industry included. The present study was conducted mainly with a view to identify the main factors that influence women's career advancement in the hotel industry, to examine the role of female workers in the industry besides seeking and analysing the workers' views on gender disparity within the hotel industry. The sample size of the study comprised a total of fifty (50) respondents drawn from the selected hotels: Three Star Hotels, Four Star Hotels and Five Star Hotels operating in the City of Kigali. The respondents comprised human resource managers, heads of housekeeping department, heads of food production department, sales and marketing department, food and beverage services department and heads of front office department. The principal findings of the study were: women were found to be labeled as sex objects, slow, moody and sickly and hence, the aforementioned seen as main cause of gender disparity in the hotel industry. The number of qualified women and with experience for senior positions is lower than that of men. Besides, management priorities, family responsibilities, recruitment procedures and the nature of works that favor men were identified as other factors contributing to gender disparity observed in the industry. In addition, recruitment based on family relations and social networks were pointed out as for factors for the aforesaid disparity. The researchers recommend that women employees should be given more opportunities for training on leadership and management in the hotel industry in particular and in other industries in general, with a view to equipping them with the needed professional skills in planning and in general management as well. Besides, this may improve their level of confidence and self-esteem. The employers should not only encourage but also make deliberate efforts to support women who have the relevant qualifications to go for senior positions in the hotel industry.
International Journal of Research in Sociology and Anthropology, 2017
Rwandans like any other people in the rest of the world, suffer physically and psychologically du... more Rwandans like any other people in the rest of the world, suffer physically and psychologically during and after the transportation of victims of human trafficking to other parts of the world. It is observed that, occupational hazards in industries pose danger to the lives of victims of labour trafficking. It is also noted that sexually-abused victims of human trafficking risk catching HIV/AIDS pandemic. Ignorance, poverty, family conflicts and gender inequality have been found to be some of the key 'push' factors that drive individuals to seek economic opportunities elsewhere other than their home areas. Too, there exist some key 'Pull' factors that tend to influence individuals to leave their permanent residences with a view to searching better life opportunities in the perceived more prosperous countries than their home countries, hence, escaping from the incidences of family conflicts, poverty and unemployment. The main objective of the present study was to understand the challenges faced by the Government of Rwanda in its efforts to prevent and control the incidence of trafficking in the country. Qualitative research design and documentary technique were adopted for the study. The findings of the study showed that limited research, limited capacity for law enforcers in terms of trained personnel and equipment, limited awareness, insufficient legislation, presence of cultural norms and attitudes, globalization, social media and digital technology, porous borders, gender inequality, limited coordination and cooperation among different stakeholders and law enforcing agencies, were identified as the main challenges towards effective prevention and control of human trafficking in the country.Hence,the present researchers recommend that the Government of Rwanda should make efforts to educate and sensitise the public in general on the dangers of human trafficking. Besides, it should enhance its coordination and cooperation with other relevant institutions and agencies, improve the capacity of all law enforcers and ensure appropriates legislations are put in place and effectively implemented. In addition, the Government should put mechanisms in place directed towards the reduction of poverty and unemployment among its citizens, improve gender equality and educate the masses on cultural norms that may create enabling environment for the incidence of human trafficking in the country.
The concept of self-help group as old as mankind and has been existence in all societies in the w... more The concept of self-help group as old as mankind and has been existence in all societies in the world all over though in different names at different times. Self-help groups are now viewed as great catalysts for the socio-economic development of the people in the developing world. There is sufficient evidence from studies already undertaken that the role of self-help groups in building new a world is inevitable. The present research was undertaken with a view to understanding: how and why self helps groups have been formed; the nature of activities they undertake and the benefits they bring to members; how they have been able to solidify their strengths and used them to integrate the communities. The study adopted descriptive cum case study research design and used content analysis technique. Self-help groups in India, Kenya and Rwanda were looked into and analysed scientifically, with a view to realising the objectives of the study. The self-help groups have made a lasting mark on ...
Women self help group is not a new concept in Kenya and has existed in almost in all traditional ... more Women self help group is not a new concept in Kenya and has existed in almost in all traditional communities in the country. The present study is on selected women self groups, operating at the grassroots in Kenya. It is a descriptive cum exploratory study. The study was undertaken with a view to understanding the members’ reasons for forming the groups, the social and economic status of group members, the activities undertaken by the groups, factors for the groups’ successes/failures, besides, seeking to understand their views on suitable measures for strengthening the present women’s movement in Kenya . Interview; focus group discussion and observation methods were used in obtaining data from the selected respondents. Reasons for forming and joining the groups ranged from the sharing common goals to fulfilling basic needs of the rural women and to enhancing the income generating capacity of the groups through their respective activities. The respondents aged 20-50, married, compri...
One of the key challenges facing humankind in the contemporary society is the manner in which nat... more One of the key challenges facing humankind in the contemporary society is the manner in which natural resource conservation can be made to go hand in hand with any given community"s development. Inspite of their long historical interaction with ecosystems, neighbouring communities have contributed to endangering their equilibrium through the incompatibility between conservation and their productive practices as Hernandez observed (2013). In the 1970s, conservationists realised that many conservation efforts around the world were failing in their mission of wildlife conservation (Hackel, 2009).Hence, claimed the said the failure was due to lack of support for conservation by local community. Therefore, Community conservation was then initiated as an approach to be used with a view to gaining communities" support for conservation efforts. Ecological preservation is a basic practice in securing the earth, an individual, organisational or government levels, for the advantage of the common habitat and (or) people (Otto et al., 2013). Environmental conservation is important because natural resources can easily become depleted for example forests and plants as noted by Ninan(2012). Besides, there are other benefits associated with environmental conservation that include preventing global warming which is connected to ozone-depleting emissions among other benefits such as management of water catchment areas. Environmental conservation also helps in guarding food supplies and plummeting air temperature and toxins from the environment. In addition, the increase in population over the time, the environment has voluntarily been influenced by the Abstract: The present study was conducted with a view to understanding the contribution of community based organisations towards conservation of environment in Rwanda, with Sabyinyo Community Livelihood Association (SACOLA) of Kinigi Sector, Musanze District. Descriptive research cum case study research designs were adopted for the study. The target population was 800 comprising SACOLA community members. The representative sample size was represented by 10% (80) of the target population and purposive sampling technique was used in selecting the respondents for the study. Primary data was collected from the respondents through the use of questionnaires whereas secondary data was collected through the use of content analysis method. The obtained data was presented in forms of tables, figures, graphs, pie charts, percentages, and averages and analysed through the use of SPSS-Version 21. Findings of the study indicate that SACOLA conducted moblisation activities with the aim of sensitising, training and educating communities in the selected area of the present study and its environs on the importance of environment conservation besides creating awareness regarding causes that were related to the mission and vision of the organisation. SACOLA help in the implementation of environment conservation practices by ensuring that natural resources in the area were well utilised, firms adhered to environment conservation measures and through partnerships with other governmental conservation agencies. SACOLAs projects were well planned and executed. There were negative correlations between SACOLA's roles: community mobilisation efforts; implementation of environmental conservation practices and monitoring and evaluation and environmental conservation indicators in Kinigi Sector. The study recommends that SACOLA should find appropriate and applicable ways of ensuring socioeconomic growth among its member and directed its energy towards the formation of self-help groups which could then help in adding value to the endeavours directed towards conservation of environment
International Journal of Research in Sociology and Anthropology, 2017
Whereas there are several initiatives to combat poverty in the developing countries,, it has been... more Whereas there are several initiatives to combat poverty in the developing countries,, it has been observed that tourism may be, for developing countries like Rwanda, one of the most viable options for advancing their economic and social development. However, there are still unexplored scientific arguments to support the real impacts of these programmes at various levels. The present research attempted to contribute to fill this gap in the scientific literature about tourism and poverty alleviation. Its essential theoretical implication was to identify the main determinants that support the wide concept of capacity building and its role in triggering poverty reduction through tourism. During the study, a non-probabilistic sample of seventy (70) respondents was used. Thus, primary data was collected from local people of Kinigi Sector of Musanze District. The main research instruments used were directed questionnaires and documentation. Primary data collected were first entered in SPSS and then analysed using its descriptive tools. The study revealed that, tourism related activities have helped the local people to get jobs and create small scale projects, hence contributing towards the reduction of poverty in the area. Besides, it was observed that tourism has helped the local people to get markets for their agricultural and handcraft products. Based on elementary poverty indicators, the study has shown that general living conditions of rural people has improved because of tourism. Based on the scope and delimitation of the study, some recommendations were provided.
International Journal of Research in Sociology and Anthropology, 2017
The study present study is entitled: "Mobile Banking Services Empowering Youth in Rwanda: A Case ... more The study present study is entitled: "Mobile Banking Services Empowering Youth in Rwanda: A Case of Gisenyi Sector of Rubavu District". The study aimed at assessing how mobile banking services are empowering youth in the selected area for the study. Further, it was not only intended to find out the services offered to the youth pursuing business in the area through the facilitation of mobile banking services but also to analyse challenges faced by youth in business in Gisenyi Sector while making use of mobile banking services. Case study research design was adopted for the study. Data was obtained from both primary and secondary sources which included the use of questionnaire and observation methods, besides, the review of existing and available documents related to the present issue. The target population was 9022 comprising self employed youth in the selected Sector. The representative sample size of the study was 99 respondents consisting of the self employed youth in Gisenyi Sector acquiring mobile banking services and Mtn mobile money, Tigo cash, Airtel money business operators and bank agents selected through the application of convenience sampling and purposive sampling techniques. The obtained data were analysed by use of tables, frequencies and percentages. The study found that youth in Gisenyi Sector, from the mobile banking among the services received included: making money deposits; withdrawing money; money transfers; purchase;account balance checking and bill payment. Further, it was found that mobile banking system has contributed significantly towards the youth business in Gisenyi Sector, for instance, according to the respondents of the study, it has improved the connectivity of business in remote areas; it has connected the youth in business with supplier; it is said to have reduced the risk of theft and frauds in businesses; it has increased the volume of trade per day and, too, it has enhanced working capital among the youth in business. The noted challenges faced by youth in business in Gisenyi Sector included network problems; privacy and security problem;high charges and barrier in withdrawing higher than a specific amount. Hence, the study conclusively states that mobile banking system has played a significant role towards the advancement of the youth in business in Gisenyi Sector. The researchers, therefore, recommend that Rwandan youth should be enabled to continue accessing mobile phones, so that, mobile banking services can be facilitated and hence, serve as alternative way to promote the youth in accessing financial services quickly and easily.
International Journal of Research in Sociology and Anthropology, 2019
According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), domestic violence is a global issue which affec... more According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), domestic violence is a global issue which affects innumerable people especially women and children. The UN Population Fund (2000) in their report, it was noticed that in Africa and Asia, beating or intimidating a woman by a husband is a deep socially held belief. Even in societies where women look to be enjoying the life they live, they tolerate some amount of violence against them from their husbands. The WHO (2005) in their study on
International Journal of Research in Sociology and Anthropology, 2016
Traditionally, world all over, men and women's roles differed greatly due to the fact that divisi... more Traditionally, world all over, men and women's roles differed greatly due to the fact that division of labour was based on ones sex. Changes observed, today, in the forms of structure of employment, gender equality campaigns and policy guidelines are viewed as not being good enough to eliminate employment disparity by gender. There still exists an unfair share of key managerial and executive positions among women and men in all the sectors of the present Rwandan economy, the hotel industry included. The present study was conducted mainly with a view to identify the main factors that influence women's career advancement in the hotel industry, to examine the role of female workers in the industry besides seeking and analysing the workers' views on gender disparity within the hotel industry. The sample size of the study comprised a total of fifty (50) respondents drawn from the selected hotels: Three Star Hotels, Four Star Hotels and Five Star Hotels operating in the City of Kigali. The respondents comprised human resource managers, heads of housekeeping department, heads of food production department, sales and marketing department, food and beverage services department and heads of front office department. The principal findings of the study were: women were found to be labeled as sex objects, slow, moody and sickly and hence, the aforementioned seen as main cause of gender disparity in the hotel industry. The number of qualified women and with experience for senior positions is lower than that of men. Besides, management priorities, family responsibilities, recruitment procedures and the nature of works that favor men were identified as other factors contributing to gender disparity observed in the industry. In addition, recruitment based on family relations and social networks were pointed out as for factors for the aforesaid disparity. The researchers recommend that women employees should be given more opportunities for training on leadership and management in the hotel industry in particular and in other industries in general, with a view to equipping them with the needed professional skills in planning and in general management as well. Besides, this may improve their level of confidence and self-esteem. The employers should not only encourage but also make deliberate efforts to support women who have the relevant qualifications to go for senior positions in the hotel industry.
International Journal of Research in Sociology and Anthropology, 2017
Rwandans like any other people in the rest of the world, suffer physically and psychologically du... more Rwandans like any other people in the rest of the world, suffer physically and psychologically during and after the transportation of victims of human trafficking to other parts of the world. It is observed that, occupational hazards in industries pose danger to the lives of victims of labour trafficking. It is also noted that sexually-abused victims of human trafficking risk catching HIV/AIDS pandemic. Ignorance, poverty, family conflicts and gender inequality have been found to be some of the key 'push' factors that drive individuals to seek economic opportunities elsewhere other than their home areas. Too, there exist some key 'Pull' factors that tend to influence individuals to leave their permanent residences with a view to searching better life opportunities in the perceived more prosperous countries than their home countries, hence, escaping from the incidences of family conflicts, poverty and unemployment. The main objective of the present study was to understand the challenges faced by the Government of Rwanda in its efforts to prevent and control the incidence of trafficking in the country. Qualitative research design and documentary technique were adopted for the study. The findings of the study showed that limited research, limited capacity for law enforcers in terms of trained personnel and equipment, limited awareness, insufficient legislation, presence of cultural norms and attitudes, globalization, social media and digital technology, porous borders, gender inequality, limited coordination and cooperation among different stakeholders and law enforcing agencies, were identified as the main challenges towards effective prevention and control of human trafficking in the country.Hence,the present researchers recommend that the Government of Rwanda should make efforts to educate and sensitise the public in general on the dangers of human trafficking. Besides, it should enhance its coordination and cooperation with other relevant institutions and agencies, improve the capacity of all law enforcers and ensure appropriates legislations are put in place and effectively implemented. In addition, the Government should put mechanisms in place directed towards the reduction of poverty and unemployment among its citizens, improve gender equality and educate the masses on cultural norms that may create enabling environment for the incidence of human trafficking in the country.
The concept of self-help group as old as mankind and has been existence in all societies in the w... more The concept of self-help group as old as mankind and has been existence in all societies in the world all over though in different names at different times. Self-help groups are now viewed as great catalysts for the socio-economic development of the people in the developing world. There is sufficient evidence from studies already undertaken that the role of self-help groups in building new a world is inevitable. The present research was undertaken with a view to understanding: how and why self helps groups have been formed; the nature of activities they undertake and the benefits they bring to members; how they have been able to solidify their strengths and used them to integrate the communities. The study adopted descriptive cum case study research design and used content analysis technique. Self-help groups in India, Kenya and Rwanda were looked into and analysed scientifically, with a view to realising the objectives of the study. The self-help groups have made a lasting mark on ...
Women self help group is not a new concept in Kenya and has existed in almost in all traditional ... more Women self help group is not a new concept in Kenya and has existed in almost in all traditional communities in the country. The present study is on selected women self groups, operating at the grassroots in Kenya. It is a descriptive cum exploratory study. The study was undertaken with a view to understanding the members’ reasons for forming the groups, the social and economic status of group members, the activities undertaken by the groups, factors for the groups’ successes/failures, besides, seeking to understand their views on suitable measures for strengthening the present women’s movement in Kenya . Interview; focus group discussion and observation methods were used in obtaining data from the selected respondents. Reasons for forming and joining the groups ranged from the sharing common goals to fulfilling basic needs of the rural women and to enhancing the income generating capacity of the groups through their respective activities. The respondents aged 20-50, married, compri...
One of the key challenges facing humankind in the contemporary society is the manner in which nat... more One of the key challenges facing humankind in the contemporary society is the manner in which natural resource conservation can be made to go hand in hand with any given community"s development. Inspite of their long historical interaction with ecosystems, neighbouring communities have contributed to endangering their equilibrium through the incompatibility between conservation and their productive practices as Hernandez observed (2013). In the 1970s, conservationists realised that many conservation efforts around the world were failing in their mission of wildlife conservation (Hackel, 2009).Hence, claimed the said the failure was due to lack of support for conservation by local community. Therefore, Community conservation was then initiated as an approach to be used with a view to gaining communities" support for conservation efforts. Ecological preservation is a basic practice in securing the earth, an individual, organisational or government levels, for the advantage of the common habitat and (or) people (Otto et al., 2013). Environmental conservation is important because natural resources can easily become depleted for example forests and plants as noted by Ninan(2012). Besides, there are other benefits associated with environmental conservation that include preventing global warming which is connected to ozone-depleting emissions among other benefits such as management of water catchment areas. Environmental conservation also helps in guarding food supplies and plummeting air temperature and toxins from the environment. In addition, the increase in population over the time, the environment has voluntarily been influenced by the Abstract: The present study was conducted with a view to understanding the contribution of community based organisations towards conservation of environment in Rwanda, with Sabyinyo Community Livelihood Association (SACOLA) of Kinigi Sector, Musanze District. Descriptive research cum case study research designs were adopted for the study. The target population was 800 comprising SACOLA community members. The representative sample size was represented by 10% (80) of the target population and purposive sampling technique was used in selecting the respondents for the study. Primary data was collected from the respondents through the use of questionnaires whereas secondary data was collected through the use of content analysis method. The obtained data was presented in forms of tables, figures, graphs, pie charts, percentages, and averages and analysed through the use of SPSS-Version 21. Findings of the study indicate that SACOLA conducted moblisation activities with the aim of sensitising, training and educating communities in the selected area of the present study and its environs on the importance of environment conservation besides creating awareness regarding causes that were related to the mission and vision of the organisation. SACOLA help in the implementation of environment conservation practices by ensuring that natural resources in the area were well utilised, firms adhered to environment conservation measures and through partnerships with other governmental conservation agencies. SACOLAs projects were well planned and executed. There were negative correlations between SACOLA's roles: community mobilisation efforts; implementation of environmental conservation practices and monitoring and evaluation and environmental conservation indicators in Kinigi Sector. The study recommends that SACOLA should find appropriate and applicable ways of ensuring socioeconomic growth among its member and directed its energy towards the formation of self-help groups which could then help in adding value to the endeavours directed towards conservation of environment
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