Thesis Chapters by Amiresmaeil Yazdani
چكیده برنامه ریزی، ظرفیت سازی، آماده سازی و تسهیل جهت حضور مردم در کار و فعالیت اقتصادی همچنین هد... more چكیده برنامه ریزی، ظرفیت سازی، آماده سازی و تسهیل جهت حضور مردم در کار و فعالیت اقتصادی همچنین هدایت سرمایه آنها در راستای تحقق اقتصاد مردمی از وظایف دولت است. تامین مالی بنگاههای تولیدی و خدماتی را می توان به عنوان هسته اصلی اقتصاد مقاومتی در نظر گرفت. از ابزارهای مالی اسلامی از جمله اوراق مشتقه می توان در راستای بهبود کارآیی تأمین مالی استفاده نمود. به نظر میرسد موانع ساختاری مهمی که برای مشارکت و امكان اعتماد به اوراق وجود دارد که نیازمند مداخله دولت ، وضع قوانین جدید و تلفیق ظرفیتهای موجود با تعریف ابزارهای نوین در جهت تسهیل این امر می باشد. اوراق مشتقه در شرایط امروز میتواند بخش زیادی از مازاد نقدینگی را در بازارهای مالی جذب نمایند. همچنین انتشار آن موجب به فعالتر شدن بازار سهام و تعمیق آن شده و در نتیجه منجر به رشد سطح اعتماد عمومی به بورس اوراق بهادار خواهد شد یكی از ریسكهای کلیدی برای سرمایه گذاران ریسک اعتباری است که از مهمترین ریسكهای اعتباری ریسک نكول یا همان عدم پرداخت است . یكی از ابزارهای رایج جهانی برای پوشش ریسک نكول استفاده از مشتقات اعتباری میباشد. سوآپ نكول اعتباری، یكی ازبروز ترین ابزارهای مدیریت ریسک اعتباری و انتقال آن می باشد این ابزار نوعی قرارداد است که در آن یكی از طرفین قرارداد در موضع خرید و دیگری در موضع فروش ریسک اعتباری دارایی پایه قرار میگیرند بیمه اعتبار بیمه ای است که فروشنده آن را به منظور پوشش ریسک ناشی از اعتبارات اعطایی از باب فروش کالاها و خدماتش ابتیاع مینماید. این بیمه خسارت ناشی از عدم پرداخت ، ناتوانی یا تأخیر در پرداخت را تحت پوشش قرار میدهد اختیار معامله، ابزار مالی مشتقهای است که حق (و نه تعهد) خرید یا فروش یک دارایی پایه را به قیمت توافقی در تاریخ معین به دارندۀ آن می دهد..فلسفه وجودی سواپ نكول اعتباری حمایت از خریداران ها در برابر زیان های اعتباری محتمل است که در اثر بروز پیشامد اعتباری ممكن است وارد شود از این حیث ماهیت این دو ابزار و قرارداد بیمه تا حدی به هم شباهت دارند در مورد خرید و فروش حمایت به عنوان مبنای اصلی معاملات مربوط به این دو ابزار وجه و دلیلی که خریدار حمایت بر اساس آن پرداختهای را به فروشنده حمایت انجام میدهد امنیت خاطر است که انجام این معامله برای به دنبال دارد با این حال، این ابزار هنوز با توجه به قوانین و مقررات حاکم در ایران مورد استفاده قرارر نگرفته است. ابزار سوآپ نكول اعتباری میتواند طراحی و راه اندازی دیگر مشتقات اعتباری را نیز به همراه داشته باشد . این پژوهش در صدد این است که بررسی کند آیا امكان استفاده از سوآپ نكول اعتباری در بازار پولی ایران، در قالب قرارداد جدیدی بر طبق عقود اسلامی و منطبق بر اصول بیمه وجود دارد تا ازین طریق به پوشش ریسک های اعتباری در قرادادهای اختیار معامله پردازد که این امر در راستای حمایت از اقتصاد مقاومتی طرح توسعه هفتم و باعث رشد و رونق بازار خواهد شد
international journal of advanced research in economics and finance, 2019
Intellectual property (IP) including trademark is a very important mechanism to protect the resul... more Intellectual property (IP) including trademark is a very important mechanism to protect the results or outcomes from the technology and indirectly encourage more creativity amongst the inventor to create and invent new useful technologies, which will assist the people in the society. Malaysian law requires Small Medium Enterprise (SME) companies and other businesses to be registered, but there is no similar requirement for trademarks to do the same, although trademark proprietors may choose to do so. In most countries, this increasingly knowledge-driven economy is initiated and often driven by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Unfortunately, these new invented products, brand names and other creative works are not always fully manipulated by many SMEs due to the lack of awareness in IP. Digital facilitation of SME exports refers to initiatives to use digital platforms to ease the procedures for exports. It is important to note that many SMEs do not register their brands as trademarks. Thus, the protection of certain trademark, which is used as keywords by online advertisers, may not be applicable to the SME's owner for the lack of trademark registration. The objective of this article is to examine trademark legislation relating to keyword advertising and its relevancy to the issue of digital facilitation of SME Exports in Malaysia.
The Internet has provided effective means of helping sellers to reach potential customers. Under ... more The Internet has provided effective means of helping sellers to reach potential customers. Under Google's Adwords program, for example, an advertiser can "bid" for and purchase keywords, which are words, or phrases usually derived from trademarks that are, in most cases, well-known. When Internet users enter the trademarked keyword on the search engine of a service provider, such as Google, they are automatically linked to an advertisement sponsored by that bidder, which appears next to the search results. Through this process called keyword advertising, advertisers are able to connect with many Internet users and inform them about their goods, and services. Keyword advertising has, however, generated heated disagreements among trademark proprietors, advertisers, search engine owners, and consumers. Trademark owners, in particular, argue that by allowing advertisers to make unauthorised use of their trademarks as keywords, Google Adword program enables those advertisers to profit from the goodwill commanded by their marks. This is especially because when Internet users enter a trademarked keyword on Google’s search engine, it is usually a bidder’s website that is shown, rather than that of a trademark proprietor. As a result, trademark proprietors have filed numerous lawsuits against Google for trademark infringement. But those disputes have tested the creativity of courts in different jurisdictions whose traditional trademark laws were designed before the advent of keyword advertising. For example, it was not clear whether the use of a trademark as a keyword constituted “:use” as defined in pre-existing trademark law. The main objective of this thesis is to determine whether use of competitors trademark as a keyword, can consider as trademark infringement or not. This thesis examines how a jurisdiction, such as the European Union (EU), as well as its Member States, has grappled with this legal challenge. The research is both qualitative and library-based. It builds upon primary and secondary legal sources, including directives, regulations, judicial decisions, especially the rulings of the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU), and academic literature. The thesis finds that, since the existing European Trade Mark Directive (TMD), and the Community Trade Mark Regulation (CTMR), which constitute the core of EU trademark law, did not anticipate .keyword advertising, the national courts of Member States faced a serious legal conundrum. This resulted in conflicting conclusions as to whether, or not keyword advertising amounted to trademark infringement. For a jurisdiction, such as Malaysia, the research did not uncover any cases on keyword advertising. But the analysis suggests that it is unlikely that keyword advertising will be held to constitute trademark infringement, or even passing off under the Trade Mark Act (TMA), 1976.
Papers by Amiresmaeil Yazdani
THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF LAW The Int... more THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF LAW The Internet has provided effective means of helping sellers to reach potential customers. Under Google's Adwords program, for example, an advertiser can "bid" for and purchase keywords, which are words, or phrases usually derived from trademarks that are, in most cases, well-known. When Internet users enter the trademarked keyword on the search engine of a service provider, such as Google, they are automatically linked to an advertisement sponsored by that bidder, which appears next to the search results. Through this process called keyword advertising, advertisers are able to connect with many Internet users and inform them about their goods, and services. Keyword advertising has, however, generated heated disagreements among trademark proprietors, advertisers, search engine owners, and consumers. Trademark owners, in particular, argue that by allowing advertisers to make unauth...
Keyword Advertising, Trademark Legislations and Digital Facilitation of Sme Exports in Malaysia
Intellectual property (IP) including trademark is a very important mechanism to protect the resul... more Intellectual property (IP) including trademark is a very important mechanism to protect the results or outcomes from the technology and indirectly encourage more creativity amongst the inventor to create and invent new useful technologies, which will assist the people in the society. Malaysian law requires Small Medium Enterprise (SME) companies and other businesses to be registered, but there is no similar requirement for trademarks to do the same, although trademark proprietors may choose to do so. In most countries, this increasingly knowledge-driven economy is initiated and often driven by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Unfortunately, these new invented products, brand names and other creative works are not always fully manipulated by many SMEs due to the lack of awareness in IP. Digital facilitation of SME exports refers to initiatives to use digital platforms to ease the procedures for exports. It is important to note that many SMEs do not register their brands as ...
Drafts by Amiresmaeil Yazdani
Analysis Legal privacy rising challenges in the development of cloud robotic with particular look... more Analysis Legal privacy rising challenges in the development of cloud robotic with particular look at health cloud robots. "The VIROS project considers the challenges and solutions in regulating roboticslegally and technicallyparticularly with respect to addressing the safety, security and privacy concerns such systems raise. 1 "Regarding the legal aspect of privacy concerns of robots and artificial intelligence (AI) which highlighted by The Norwegian Data Protection Authority (DPA) 2 .. Most applications of artificial intelligence (AI) require huge volumes of data in order to learn and make intelligent decisions. Data protection poses novel legal and regulatory questions. A deep investigate among brand new researches which have been worked over the issue, shows that concerns are dramatically increased in respect of data protection, legal and other regulatory issues by the fast-evolving development of robots and artificial intelligence (AI) systems as the AI is no longer speak of future and it is here. Rapid progress in AI and robotics are challenging the traditional boundaries of the law. 3. Algorithms are widely employed to make decisions that have an increasing impact on individuals and society, potentially leading to manipulation, biases, censorship, social discrimination, violations of privacy and property rights, and more. This has sparked a global debate on how to regulate AI and robotics.
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Thesis Chapters by Amiresmaeil Yazdani
Papers by Amiresmaeil Yazdani
Drafts by Amiresmaeil Yazdani