Papers by Muhammad Nafees
Pakistan Journal of Botany
Date palm is a dioecious monocotyledonous plant which belongs to Arecaceae family. Date palm poll... more Date palm is a dioecious monocotyledonous plant which belongs to Arecaceae family. Date palm pollen retains viability for a single growing season. Air dried pollen was enclosed in sealed capsules and stored at 4°C,-20°C and-80°C for different storage periods (1, 3, 6, 12 months). Pollen viability of fresh and stored pollen was determined by in vitro germination and staining test. After thawing, stored pollens were cultured in petri dishes and incubated at three different temperature i.e., 20°C, 25°C and 30°C for different time periods (3, 6, 12 and 24 hours). Pollen grains looking normal and stained red were considered viable, whereas weakly stained or colorless were recorded as non viable. Germination test showed that pollen of cultivar Khadrawy stored at-20°C had higher germination (71.22%) when incubated at 30°C for 24 hours after 12 months of storage while least was in Hillawi i.e. 34.86%.
The Professional Medical Journal, 2011
Objective: The infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunod... more Objective: The infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are common among prisoners but such data are sparse from Pakistan; hence in this study, we evaluated the sero-prevalence of these three infections among Jail inmates. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Central Jail, Lahore. Period: May to November 2009. Methodology: Investigate the seroprevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV infections among the random population of sentenced inmates of Central Jail, Lahore. We examined 3062 jail inmates, 396 of them were females and 2666 males. Majority of the inmates were Pakistani national (97.06 %). All collected blood samples were tested for HIV antibodies, HBsAg, and anti-HCV antibodies with one step chromatographic immunoassay. Results: Seroprevalence rate of HCV, HBV and HIV infections was 15.31%, 3.46 % and 1.79 % respectively. Overall prevalence of these infections in the jail inmates was 20.57 % and 18.77 % of them were posi...
Acta Horticulturae, 2008
Seed dormancy is a major problem in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Dry heat treatments a... more Seed dormancy is a major problem in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Dry heat treatments at 40, 50 or 60°C for 24h were applied to assess their ability to break dormancy and invigorate seeds of four tomato cultivars ('Nagina', 'Pakit', 'Riogrande Improved' and 'Roma'). All the cultivars responded similarly. Dry heat treatments at 40 and 50°C resulted in improved germination and seedling vigor compared to untreated seeds, with the highest vigor observed in seeds treated at 50°C. However, seeds dry heat treated at 60°C behaved similarly in terms of germination and vigor to untreated seeds. In all cultivars, seeds dry heat treated at 50°C resulted in lower electrical conductivity of seed leachates, whereas the leachate conductivity of seeds dry heat treated at 40°C was generally not as low.
International Journal of Learning and Development, 2012
Education is the best way of bringing the disordered society on the right path or track; and the ... more Education is the best way of bringing the disordered society on the right path or track; and the source to apply this in education is the Head of the institution and teacher. The purpose of this study was to find out the reasons of conflict among teachers and between teachers and principals and their effects on the student’s achievement. The objective of this research study was to facilitate the students to understand the knowledge structure in peaceful atmosphere. The researcher developed two questionnaires as a research tool: one for principals and other for the teachers. All the questionnaires were delivered and received personally. This research study will be helpful for both the principals and teacher to become able to familiarize themselves with the reasons of conflict and try to establish a healthy relationship between principals and teaching staff by eradicating these reasons.Keywords: Administration, Conflict, Achievement
International Journal of Learning and Development, 2012
Corporal Punishment yields negative impact on the behaviors of students and thus their learning a... more Corporal Punishment yields negative impact on the behaviors of students and thus their learning achievements remain lower. Sometime, in a particular situation, students’ exhibit relatively better results but they actually get fed up with the learning enrolment and intrinsically intend to go away from teaching learning process. This study was under taken to get the opinion of primary school teachers and their practical behaviors towards corporal punishment at primary level in the Govt. Schools of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. In order to collect data, a questionnaire containing 35 questions was developed in Urdu for seeking opinion of primary school teachers. The questionnaire had two parts; the first part pertained to information about different aspects related to the classroom situation while the second part contained an open-ended question asking for suggestions. Stratified random sample technique was used but only those school were selected which were willing to respond and easy to ...
Biomedica, 2008
Viral hepatitis B and C are common causes of chronic liver disease and a major public health issu... more Viral hepatitis B and C are common causes of chronic liver disease and a major public health issue all over the world. Chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C infections are indolent, often subclinical diseases that may lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma after decades. In this study, our aim was to find out the frequency of HBsAg and Anti-HCV in the subjects planned to undergo eye surgery and to stress the importance of pre-operative screening by using cost effective immunochromatographic test kits. Subjects of both genders (n=6340) attending Madina Teaching Hospital, Faisalabad for ophthalmic surgery were randomly selected as study subjects and were screened for HBsAg and Anti-HCV during the pre-operative period. This study was conducted for a period of 27 months, in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Blood specimens were collected and tested for the qualitative detection of HBsAg and Anti-HCV in serum using simple, one step immunochromatographic assay. Our study was conducted in hospital based population and a total of 6340 subjects were screened for both hepatitis B and C. The carrier state of hepatitis was detected in 19.97% of the subjects. The prevalence of HCV among the total cases studied was 17.85 %, hepatitis B, 1.35% and hepatitis B and C (dual infection) 0.46%. More than half (51.06%) of the adults ≥ 60 years of age were HCV seropositive indicating a strong increase in the older age group. A higher percentage of male subjects showed positive results for HBsAg as compared to females but this difference was insignificant in Anti-HCV reactive subjects. This study concludes that frequency of HCV infection is quite high in the studied population and is much higher than that of HBV infection that is much lower in this population. Routine and preoperative screening for HBV and HCV infection can help reduction in transmission of infection. The simple and accurate ICT for HBsAg and Anti-HCV immunoassays provide a flexible, technically undemandable and relatively inexpensive approach to ensure a safer blood supply and pre-operative screening of surgical patients and donors.
The objective of this study was to compare the status of trout fish revenue with agriculture for ... more The objective of this study was to compare the status of trout fish revenue with agriculture for the financial years 2014-15 on Madayan Fish Hatchery (MFH) in Swat. For this purpose, one Government hatchery and 30 private hatcheries at Madyan were intensively studied for one year. Data shown that the total productions in all hatcheries were165600 kg/annum where the Government hatchery contribution was 40600kg/annum while privates were 12500 kg/annum. In addition, Government hatchery release 190 thousand fish per annum into t River Swat and played an important role in fish conservation and eco-tourism promotion. However, the total annual expenditures for the Government and 10 private hatcheries were 8 and 25 million rupees, respectively. Thus, the revenue generated from aquaculture was two times high than that of agriculture and considered to be the good source of livelihood for the local residence. Findings from this study suggested that the establishment of modern aquaculture syste...
Drones
Free-space optical (FSO) communication is expected to play an indispensable role with high data r... more Free-space optical (FSO) communication is expected to play an indispensable role with high data rates and low system complexity in beyond fifth-generation (B5G) networks. However, infrequent adverse weather conditions can incapacitate its performance. The combination of FSO and radio frequency (RF) has emerged as an effective alternative for meeting the growing need for high data rates in wireless communication networks. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are also anticipated to play an instrumental role in B5G networks due to their flexible movement and deployment. In this paper, a UAV-aided hybrid FSO/RF backhauling system using a matching game theory (GT) and reinforcement learning (RL) framework is investigated. We deploy a UAV to provide a user offloading service to an already existing ground base station (GBS), which is facing a reduced backhaul capacity due to weather attenuation (e.g., fog). It is considered that the GBS has a pre-installed FSO backhaul connection to a macro-ba...
ACM Computing Surveys
The smart grid (SG), regarded as the complex cyber-physical ecosystem of infrastructures, orchest... more The smart grid (SG), regarded as the complex cyber-physical ecosystem of infrastructures, orchestrates advanced communication, computation, and control technologies to interact with the physical environment. Due to the high rewards that threats to the grid can realize, adversaries can mount complex cyber-attacks such as advanced persistent threats-based and coordinated attacks to cause operational malfunctions and power outages in the worst scenarios: The latter of which was reflected in the Ukrainian power grid attack. Despite widespread research on smart grid security, the impact of targeted attacks on control and power systems is anecdotal. This article reviews the smart grid security from collaborative factors, emphasizing the situational awareness (SA). Specifically, we propose a threat modeling framework and review the nature of cyber-physical attacks to understand their characteristics and impacts on the smart grid’s control and physical systems. We examine the existing threa...
Journal of Water and Climate Change
Water is the fundamental part of living systems and it plays a key role in supporting life on ear... more Water is the fundamental part of living systems and it plays a key role in supporting life on earth; however, fluctuations in climatic conditions lead to limitation of the ground water causing serious concerns. The present research study was aimed at assessing growth and physio-biochemical responses of barley to calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution (10 mM) applied through roots under induced drought stress for 5, 10, and 15 days. CaCl2, being an enhancer of osmolytes and antioxidant enzymes, counteracts the damaging effects caused by abiotic stresses. A pot experiment was conducted by sowing barley under induced drought stress for 5, 10, and 15 days, respectively. Plants exposed to different levels of the induced drought stress condition were treated with 10 mM of CaCl2 solution via roots during the seedling stage. Results indicated that water-limited conditions negatively affected plant growth parameters including final emergence percentage, final germination percentage, and mean emer...
Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of color flow Doppler in differentiating between ... more Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of color flow Doppler in differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid nodules and using FNAC as gold standard. Study Design: Validation study. Place and Duration of Study: Radiology Department, Benazir Bhutto and Allied hospital Rawalpindi for a period of six months, from Mar 2013 to Sep 2013. Material and Methods: The validation study was done at Radiology department, Benazir Bhutto and Allied Hospitals, Rawalpindi for the period of six months from 13 th March to 13 th September 2013. A total of 130 patients presenting with thyroid swelling with at least one dominant nodule, belonging to either sex were included through non probability consecutive sampling. Results: Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values as well as accuracy of color flow Doppler ultrasonography in detection of malignant thyroid nodule was 93.3%, 97.4%, 82.4%, 99.1% and 96.9% respectively. Area under the curve (AUC) was 0.935 (p=0.000...
Bioscience Journal, 2019
Empowerment of wheat genotypes by application of growth regulators, compatible solutes and plant ... more Empowerment of wheat genotypes by application of growth regulators, compatible solutes and plant extracts under water restriction is an important strategy for getting sustainable yield. Field trail was performed at the research area of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan. Three wheat cultivars Aas-2011, Faisalabad- 2008 and Triple dwarf-1 were subjected to drought stress (skipping the irrigation at grain filling stage). The wheat genotypes were subjected to treatments viz., T1 i.e. All normal irrigation without application of abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), moringa (MLE) and mulberry leaf water extract (MBLE), T2 i.e. skipping the irrigation at grain filling stage and application of 2µM ABA, T3 i.e. skipping the irrigation at grain filling stage and application of 10 m mol SA, T4 i.e. skipping the irrigation at grain filling stage and application of 15% MLE and T5 i.e. skipping the irrigation at grain filling stage and applica...
Tuberculosis of the cervix is a rare disease and accounts for 0.1-0.65% of all cases of tuberculo... more Tuberculosis of the cervix is a rare disease and accounts for 0.1-0.65% of all cases of tuberculosis and 5-24% of genital tract tuberculosis. We present an unusual case of a 28 years old female who presented with chief complaints of lower abdominal pain, irregular bleeding and foul smelling discharge per vagina for last two years. Cervical examination revealed an unhealthy looking cervix which bled on touch. A provisional diagnosis of carcinoma of cervix was made. However, histopathology of the cervical biopsy revealed granulomatous lesion suggestive of tuberculosis. The patient responded to anti-tuberculosis therapy. In women with an abnormal cervical appearance, there should be high index of suspicious of tuberculosis of cervix, especially from areas where Tuberculosis is common as it can be treated easily and successfully.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a common cause of chronic liver disease and is relatively fr... more Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a common cause of chronic liver disease and is relatively fre- quent in certain populations. Liver disease progresses so slowly that a person can have hepatitis C for years without being feeling sick or having specific symptoms that would lead a clinician to sus- pect liver disease and diagnosis for hepatitis C often occurs only after they are found to have abno- rmal liver enzymes during routine blood workup or tested because of specific risk factors. Blood tests that assess liver function are frequently used to evaluate and treat patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic liver diseases. We scanned the literature in an effort to identify biochemical markers that may be helpful in the evaluation and management of chronic hepatitis C disease. This article discusses the utility and limitations of laboratory tests results in establishing the diagnosis and prognosis in HCV infected patients. INTRODUCTION TO BLOOD TESTS - BIOMARKERS OF LIVER FUNCTION...
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP, 2016
OBJECTIVE To compare the mean optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) in patients with idiopathic intr... more OBJECTIVE To compare the mean optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) versus normal healthy individuals using B-scan ultrasonography as diagnostic tool. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional analytical study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Armed Forces Institute of Radiology and Imaging, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from June to December 2015. METHODOLOGY Participants aged 30 - 50 years were divided into two groups. Group A(GP) comprised of patients who were diagnosed cases of idiopathic intracranial hypertension while normal healthy adults who volunteered to participate in the study were included in Group B (GC). Ocular B mode ultrasound scan was performed on all the participants and each eye was considered separately. The optic nerve head was visualized as a linear hypoechoic structure, and ONSD was measured 3 mm behind the retina. Atotal of three readings were taken by the same radiologist and the average of three was recorded. Mean values of b...
Annals of King Edward Medical University, 2008
Background: Alkaptonuria (AKU) is a rare hereditary metabolic disorder that occupies a unique pos... more Background: Alkaptonuria (AKU) is a rare hereditary metabolic disorder that occupies a unique position in the history of medical and biochemical genetics because it was the first human metabolic disorder to be interpreted as genetically determined. This condition is characterized by deficiency of HGAO, an enzyme that is mainly found in hepatocytes. The medical interest in alkaptonuria stems from its association with ochronosis, arthropathy and homogentisicaciduria.
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP, 2011
Haemoptysis has a long list of causes, but pulmonary varices are amongst the rare causes. Pulmona... more Haemoptysis has a long list of causes, but pulmonary varices are amongst the rare causes. Pulmonary varices are rare abnormalities of pulmonary veins that may exist either as an isolated malformation or in association with pulmonary venous hypertension. This case report describes pulmonary varices as a cause of hemoptysis in an adolescent boy, which was diagnosed on multislice CT and confirmed on angiography.
Annals of King Edward Medical University, 2010
Background: Hepatitis C is a common and important cause of chronic liver disease that often remai... more Background: Hepatitis C is a common and important cause of chronic liver disease that often remains asymptomatic and most of the times discovered incidentally by routine serologic or biochemical testing. Aminotransferases (AST and ALT) reflect alterations in liver function/inflammation in liver diseases. The current study was conducted to examine the utilization and limitations of these biochemical markers in subjects with asymptomatic HCV infection. Aims and Objectives: To find out how many subjects with asymptomatic HCV infection have normal or elevated serum AST and ALT levels. Subjects and Methods: Study Design: Cross sectional. Study Duration: Seven months from November 2008 to July 2009. Study Universe: Services Hospital, Lahore. Study Population: This study included 413 subjects attending the outpatient departments of hospital with minor complaints. The random population of subjects was referred to the clinical laboratory of Services Hospital, Lahore for LFTs, HBsAg and anti-...
The present study was conducted on cement industry at Hattar Industrial Estate, Haripur for asses... more The present study was conducted on cement industry at Hattar Industrial Estate, Haripur for assessment of particulate matter (PM10 & PM2.5) and its health impact on factory workers and nearby local community. Ten samples were collected from different units of cement industry and analyzed for PM10 & PM2.5.The concentrations of PM10 & 3 2.5 varied in different units of cement industry. The highest mean concentrations of PM10 &PM 2.5were found 1552 and 7867.5 (μg/m3) in main crusher and cement mill respectively. Eighty percent of samples (both PM10 &d PM 2.5) were above the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS), set by Pakistan. The air pollution index (API) revealed, that majority units released high amount of particulate matter to environment, which pose significant health risk to local community. The particulate matter released by cement industry have significant impacts on human health especially the respiratory system. Therefore, it was recommended to install air polluti...
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Papers by Muhammad Nafees