Papers by ELEFTHERIA TSAKANIKA
RILEM state-of-the-art reports, 2021
This chapter aims to present a comprehensive report on the reinforcement of historic timber roofs... more This chapter aims to present a comprehensive report on the reinforcement of historic timber roofs, focusing on their main characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, which would help professionals select and define the design of reinforcement solutions. Cultural heritage issues are taken into consideration. Reinforcement can be done via different methods—traditional and modern—using simple or sophisticated techniques. An overview of the main materials and the techniques used for selected case studies are presented, illustrating how various reinforcement methods are implemented in practice.
TeMa, Feb 15, 2023
Remarkable historic timber roofs. Knowledge and conservation practice Part 2-Investigation, analy... more Remarkable historic timber roofs. Knowledge and conservation practice Part 2-Investigation, analysis, and interventions Year 2022 (Issues per year: 2) Cover illustration: Auxiliary truss for the strengthening of the roof of San Giovanni Battista church
Lecture notes in civil engineering, 2016
In the past decades, timber has been considered as a secondary construction material owing to the... more In the past decades, timber has been considered as a secondary construction material owing to the emergence of other materials such as concrete and steel, and as a consequence a large amount of knowledge on how to use timber has been forgotten or even lost. This has led to badly designed interventions on timber structures, which have misinterpreted the past structural solution and led to significant structural performance problems. However, the European research community has made a significant effort towards the dissemination of knowledge regarding the design and assessment of timber structures. Within that scope, COST FP1101 had the objective of increasing the acceptance of timber in both the design of new structures, as well as in the repair of old buildings by developing and disseminating methods to assess, reinforce and monitor them. To that aim, FP1101 and RILEM TC 245 RTE in collaboration with the University of Minho (Portugal) organized a Training School (TS) on the assessment and reinforcement of timber elements and structures during 11–14 May, 2015. The training school had the objective of disseminating knowledge to young researchers, as well as to others interested in wood and timber construction and the rehabilitation market. During the TS, several experts provided information on the assessment of existing timber structures, visual grading, interventions on heritage buildings and on analysis, repair and reinforcement of traditional and dowelled timber connections and structures. Also, full-scale tests on an old timber trusses and on connections were made examining both the original conditions and post failure reinforcement. This work presents the different areas of knowledge that were scope of that training school and its main achievements on the dissemination of knowledge to young researchers and other interested groups.
International Journal of Architectural Heritage, May 2, 2022
RILEM state-of-the-art reports, 2021
This chapter focuses on the reinforcement of traditional timber carpentry joints according to dif... more This chapter focuses on the reinforcement of traditional timber carpentry joints according to different standards, recommendations, case studies, as well as analytical, numerical and experimental research works. The aim of the review is to present the state-of-the-art methodologies that can be at the disposal of carpenters, architects and engineers. In order to understand how traditional carpentry joints, work and their failure mechanisms, such as compressive crushing, shear and tensile cracks, six geometrical typologies of such joints are discussed. Finally, for the above typologies, several reinforcement strategies are presented by defining their objectives, methodologies, traditional and contemporary techniques, performance criteria and applicability areas. When assessing and reinforcing traditional carpentry joints, some challenges may come up, namely their design, based on the ratios of stiffness and load-bearing capacities. These challenges should thus be a focal point for further research in the near future.
Building pathology and rehabilitation, Oct 14, 2017
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, May 1, 2021
Historic buildings are complex structures where all the composing elements are working together. ... more Historic buildings are complex structures where all the composing elements are working together. Studies made on heritage structures after seismic events show that timber roof structures strongly influence the seismic response of masonry structures, being able to reduce or enhance the out-of-plane displacement of the structure. Starting from these observations, three different types of roof structures, from the 18th, 19th and 20th century, were introduced in the finite element simulation software SCIA Engineer. The roof structures were placed subsequently on the same an 18th-century masonry building with ground floor and two upper floors, respecting its geometric features. The simulations were performed considering successively rigid, hinged or sliding connections between the roof and the masonry structure. At the same time, the traditionally crafted joints of the roof structures were consecutively modelled as hinged, rigid and semi-rigid (determined using three different methods). Ultimately the top horizontal displacement, inter-story drift and damage level of the masonry structure were compared. The main scope of the study was to observe if roof structures would have an influence on the seismic behaviour of the masonry building and if the compared parameters would suffer any changes depending on the used roof structure type, roof to wall connection and joints axial stiffness.
Springer eBooks, Dec 4, 2021
RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports, 2021
This chapter aims to present a comprehensive report on the reinforcement of historic timber roofs... more This chapter aims to present a comprehensive report on the reinforcement of historic timber roofs, focusing on their main characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, which would help professionals select and define the design of reinforcement solutions. Cultural heritage issues are taken into consideration. Reinforcement can be done via different methods—traditional and modern—using simple or sophisticated techniques. An overview of the main materials and the techniques used for selected case studies are presented, illustrating how various reinforcement methods are implemented in practice.
COST (European Co-operation in the field of scientific and technical research) is the longest run... more COST (European Co-operation in the field of scientific and technical research) is the longest running framework for research co-operation in Europe, having been established in 1971 by a Ministerial Conference attended by Ministers for Science and Technology from 19 countries. Today COST is used by the scientific communities of 35 European countries to cooperate in exchanging knowledge and technology developed within research projects supported by national or European funds. The main objective of COST is to contribute to the realization of the European Research Area (ERA) anticipating and complementing the activities of the Framework Programmes, constituting a ‘‘bridge’’ towards the scientific communities of emerging countries, increasing the mobility of researchers across Europe and fostering the establishment of ‘‘Networks of Excellence’’. Another essential objective is the knowledge transfer between the scientific society and industry. It is widely acknowledged that European scien...
Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 2016
In the past decades, timber has been considered as a secondary construction material owing to the... more In the past decades, timber has been considered as a secondary construction material owing to the emergence of other materials such as concrete and steel, and as a consequence a large amount of knowledge on how to use timber has been forgotten or even lost. This has led to badly designed interventions on timber structures, which have misinterpreted the past structural solution and led to significant structural performance problems. However, the European research community has made a significant effort towards the dissemination of knowledge regarding the design and assessment of timber structures. Within that scope, COST FP1101 had the objective of increasing the acceptance of timber in both the design of new structures, as well as in the repair of old buildings by developing and disseminating methods to assess, reinforce and monitor them. To that aim, FP1101 and RILEM TC 245 RTE in collaboration with the University of Minho (Portugal) organized a Training School (TS) on the assessment and reinforcement of timber elements and structures during 11–14 May, 2015. The training school had the objective of disseminating knowledge to young researchers, as well as to others interested in wood and timber construction and the rehabilitation market. During the TS, several experts provided information on the assessment of existing timber structures, visual grading, interventions on heritage buildings and on analysis, repair and reinforcement of traditional and dowelled timber connections and structures. Also, full-scale tests on an old timber trusses and on connections were made examining both the original conditions and post failure reinforcement. This work presents the different areas of knowledge that were scope of that training school and its main achievements on the dissemination of knowledge to young researchers and other interested groups.
RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports, 2021
This chapter focuses on the reinforcement of traditional timber carpentry joints according to dif... more This chapter focuses on the reinforcement of traditional timber carpentry joints according to different standards, recommendations, case studies, as well as analytical, numerical and experimental research works. The aim of the review is to present the state-of-the-art methodologies that can be at the disposal of carpenters, architects and engineers. In order to understand how traditional carpentry joints, work and their failure mechanisms, such as compressive crushing, shear and tensile cracks, six geometrical typologies of such joints are discussed. Finally, for the above typologies, several reinforcement strategies are presented by defining their objectives, methodologies, traditional and contemporary techniques, performance criteria and applicability areas. When assessing and reinforcing traditional carpentry joints, some challenges may come up, namely their design, based on the ratios of stiffness and load-bearing capacities. These challenges should thus be a focal point for further research in the near future.
Strengthening and Retrofitting of Existing Structures, 2017
Forests, May 4, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 2021
The current study is a dendroarchaeological/dendroarchitectural investigation of the remains of a... more The current study is a dendroarchaeological/dendroarchitectural investigation of the remains of a historically important multi-phase building, nicknamed 'Enetiko', located in Nafplio. Timber was used for the floors, the roof, and timber-framed walls of the building. Timber elements were also embedded in masonry. Particularly important are the architraves; ground storey timber lintels on the southern façade. According to prior research, the earliest phase was thought to date to the early 18<sup>th</sup> century with a later 19<sup>th</sup> century modification. Therefore, we applied dendrochronology to check whether it represents an early construction phase of the building and to confirm the previously mentioned different phases. Timber examination revealed six tree species and 60% of the 85 samples collected in total were dated. Imported deciduous oaks (<i>Quercus</i> spp.), dated c.1530 or after, represent an early Venetian or Ottoman phase of the building. Turkish origin of oaks suggests Ottoman period. Imported fir, most likely <i>Abies alba</i>, was dated in the 17<sup>th</sup> and 18<sup>th</sup> centuries. Black pine (<i>Pinus nigra</i>) from Greece and juniper (<i>Juniperus</i> sp.) from the East were used in interventions of the late 19<sup>th</sup> and 20<sup>th</sup> centuries.
«Methodology concerning the restoration of Historical Buildings. CASE STUDIES : The Turkish Mansion and the Hagi Mehmet Aga Mosque in Rhodes», 2004
The application of EC5 or any relevant standard is only a part of the procedure for the evaluatio... more The application of EC5 or any relevant standard is only a part of the procedure for the evaluation of a timber structure modern or historical one. The first goal is the recognition of the structural system, its behavior and pathology and then try by analytical modeling simulate it. An existing danger, is to calculate with the best program and the best knowledge of the relevant Standards (EC5, EC3, Aseismic code e.t.c.) the wrong model even of the simplest and most known structural system as a king post truss. Concerning Historical structures, cultural, historical and scientific reasons, dictate the necessity to study and protect our architectural heritage, including the constructional systems of them. The procedure of analyzing, designing and interventing in a timber structure has to be conducted with detailed 3d survey and recording of the structural system and the connections and with the close collaboration from the beginning, of all the involved professions,
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Papers by ELEFTHERIA TSAKANIKA
more than half a century later, it is worthy to revisit the topic with the organization of an international conference in orde r to trace the current condition of fields such as the research and conservation of Ottoman architecture , urban formation, the history of the city, as well as both Ottoman and Christian art with a focus in Greece