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Mahfooz Hafez

National Research Institute Of Astronomy And Geophysics Nriag, Geomagnetic and Geoelectric Departement, Professor

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Received my B.Sc., M.Sc. and Ph.D in Geophysics from Cairo University in 1991, 1998 and 2001. In 1995 I have joined the National Research institute of Astronomy and Geophysics. In 2006 I received the degree of Associate professor and Professor Degree in 2013. I was a Visiting professor by COE, Tohoku University, Japan. In 2007 and got a researcher position in North East Asian studies lab. Tohoku University, Then after Ireceived a postdoctoral fellowship in the Leibniz Institute of Applied Geophysics (LIAG), Hannover, Germany supported by DAAD.
Phone: 00201121040555
Address: National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt

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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique / French National Centre for Scientific Research

alberto martin santa cruz

Elaine Sullivan

University of California, Santa Cruz

Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi

Giovanni Caselli

EUGENIO DEL REY

Hesham Elshazly

Cairo University

Mohamed Raafat Abbas

Ministry of State for Antiquities

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Papers by Mahfooz Hafez

GPR investigation to allocate the archaeological remains in Mut temple, Luxor, Upper Egypt

NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics, 2012

GPR investigation has been conducted on Mut temple; to the south portion of Al-Karnak temple at t... more GPR investigation has been conducted on Mut temple; to the south portion of Al-Karnak temple at the eastern bank of Luxor city. Within the survey, the GPR SIR system-10A has been used connected to 100/500 MHz antenna. The present work is oriented to allocate the buried Archaeological ruins at the site, and also to evaluate the archaeological significance of the artifacts in concern to the hydro-situation. The survey is composed of three data sets; the first set (A) includes three GPR profiles located inside the temple palisade at the western bank of the holy lake, the second set (B) includes four profiles distributed on the yard between Mute and Al Karnak temples, and the third set (C) includes three profiles oriented to study the EW Sphinx Avenue front of Mute temple. The measured GPR data has been processed and visualized in different ways to show the infra-content of the artifacts in the buried subsurface of the temple. Furthermore, intensive mutual work and discussion with the local inspectorate at Luxor about the results would lead to detect the zones of possible findings and, as much as possible, to define their identities. A series of sectional GPR records, time slices, maps, and 3D graphs are introduced to represent the remains of Mut temple and its infrastructure.

The Kamil Crater, Egypt

ABSTRACT Impact craters up to a few hundreds of meters in diameter are common structures of solid... more ABSTRACT Impact craters up to a few hundreds of meters in diameter are common structures of solid surfaces of planetary bodies in the solar system. Statistics predict that impacts producing small craters on Earth occur on decadal to secular time scales (1, 2). However, small craters are rare on Earth because they are rapidly eroded, and the few identified so far [15 &amp;lt;300 m in diameter out of 176 craters up to 300 km in diameter (3)] have lost most of their primary features. We report the detection in southern Egypt of a rayed impact crater 45min diameter (Fig. 1A) on a Cretaceous sandstone target. The ejecta rays highlight the exceptional freshness of the structure. The crater was identified by V. De Michele during a Google Earth survey and named Kamil Crater after nearby Gebel Kamil. A geophysical expedition undertaken [supporting online material (SOM)] in February 2010 revealed that the crater is bowl shaped and has an upraised rim (~3 m above preimpact surface) (figs. S1 and S2) typical of simple craters (4). The true crater floor depth is 16 m and is overlain by ~6-m-thick crater-fill material (fig. S2). Morphometric parameters agree with those predicted by models (5) for a transient crater generated by an iron meteorite 1.3 min diameter (equivalent to 9.1 × 103 kg) impacting at a velocity of 3.5 kms−1, assuming an average meteoroid entry velocity and entry angle of 18 kms−1 and 45°, respectively. Centimeterscale masses of scoriaceous impact melt glass (fig. S3) occur in and close to the crater and indicate local shock pressures &amp;gt;60 GPa (4). We identified 5178 iron meteorite specimens totaling ~1.71 tons in the crater and surrounding area during systematic searches (SOM). They consist of &amp;lt;34-kg shrapnel produced by the explosion of the impactor upon hypervelocity collision with the target (Fig. 1B), except one individual fragment of 83 kg (fig. S4). This evidence indicates that the Kamil Crater was generated by an impactor that landed nearly intact without substantial fragmentation in the atmosphere. The meteorite is classified as an ungrouped Ni-rich ataxite [Ni = 19.8 weight % (wt %), Co = 0.75 wt %, Ga = 49.5 mg g−1, Ge = 121 mg g−1, Ir = 0.39 mg g−1; data following (6); fig. S5]. Magnetic anomaly data show no evidence of buried meteorites larger than some tens of centimeters (fig. S1). On the basis of systematic meteorite searches, the estimated total mass of the impactor is of the order of 5 ×103 to 10 × 103 kg, corresponding to a preatmospheric mass of ~20 ×103 to 40 × 103 kg (2). According to geophysical models (2, 7), iron masses &amp;lt;3 × 106 kg normally fragment upon impact with Earth’s atmosphere, thereby reducing the energy of the impact at Earth’s surface. However, the present statistics, which include the recently discovered Whitecourt Crater (8) and the Kamil Crater, suggest that ~35% of the iron meteorites in the above mass range are not disrupted in the atmosphere.

Imaging Subsurface Cavities Using Geoelectric Tomograpgy, Ground-penetrating Radar and Microgravity

Proceedings, 2013

In the past few years, construction extended to the southeast of Cairo, Egypt, where limestone ca... more In the past few years, construction extended to the southeast of Cairo, Egypt, where limestone caves occur. The existence of caves and sinkholes represents a hazard for such new urban areas. Therefore, it is important to know the size, position, and depth of natural voids and cavities before building or reconstruction. In this paper, geoelectric-resistivity tomography, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and microgravity have been applied to image shallow subsurface cavities. Microgravity measurement was done to detect density variations in rock strata. Several gravity anomalies were found in the residual map. Semi-automated interpretation techniques including the Euler deconvolution, analytic signal have been used to investigate the depth and size of anomalous sources. Resistivity survey was conducted along three profiles over an exposed cave with unknown extensions. Results from 27 GPR profiles obtained by a SIR-2000 instrument equipped with a 200 MHz antenna were visualized in the form of horizontal time slices and vertical time sections. As a result, the cave at a depth of about 2 m and a width of about 4 m was detected using the geophysical data, which correlates with the known cave system.

Ground-penetrating radar exploration for ancient monuments at the Valley of Mummies -Kilo 6, Bahariya Oasis, Egypt

Journal of Applied Geophysics, 2009

A Valley of Mummies was discovered recently by an Egyptian team at Bahariya Oasis, located about ... more A Valley of Mummies was discovered recently by an Egyptian team at Bahariya Oasis, located about 380 km west of the pyramids. Four tombs were excavated, and inside them were found one hundred and five mummies (105), many of them beautifully gilded. These mummies, many sumptuously decorated with religious scenes, are the very best Roman-Period mummies ever found in Egypt. These remains are around 2000 years old, but they are in remarkable condition. A Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) had proved successful in detecting the cavities in resistive soil in which the mummies were found. The GPR survey conducted near the earlier-discovered tombs at Kilo-6 El-Bahariya to Farafra Oasis road is the focus of this paper. The GPR survey was conducted using the SIR-2000 attached to a 200 MHz monostatic antenna. The two areas to be surveyed were selected by the archaeologists in situ. Area one was 40 m × 40 m and Area two was 30 m × 15 m. A grid pattern survey in one direction; with onemeter profile spacing was done to both areas. In addition, a focusing survey was undertaken over the entire Area one. In addition, twenty long GPR profiles were conducted in an attempt to determine the outer, expected limits of the burial area. After the data acquisition, Reflex software was used for data processing and presentation. The final results of the radar survey: in the form of 2D radar records, time slices and 3D block diagrams; were used to guide the archaeologists during the excavation process. The excavation processes have been completed by the archaeologists, and many tombs and mummies were discovered. It is worthy to mention that, the excavations and location of tombs and cavities matched strongly with the GPR results.

Kamil Crater (Egypt): Ground truth for small-scale meteorite impacts on Earth

Geology, 2011

Kamil Crater (Egypt): Ground truth for small-scale meteorite impacts on Earth Email alerting serv... more Kamil Crater (Egypt): Ground truth for small-scale meteorite impacts on Earth Email alerting services articles cite this article to receive free e-mail alerts when new www.gsapubs.org/cgi/alerts click Subscribe to subscribe to Geology www.gsapubs.org/subscriptions/ click Permission request to contact GSA http://www.geosociety.org/pubs/copyrt.htm#gsa click official positions of the Society. citizenship, gender, religion, or political viewpoint. Opinions presented in this publication do not reflect presentation of diverse opinions and positions by scientists worldwide, regardless of their race, includes a reference to the article's full citation. GSA provides this and other forums for the the abstracts only of their articles on their own or their organization's Web site providing the posting to further education and science. This file may not be posted to any Web site, but authors may post works and to make unlimited copies of items in GSA's journals for noncommercial use in classrooms requests to GSA, to use a single figure, a single table, and/or a brief paragraph of text in subsequent their employment. Individual scientists are hereby granted permission, without fees or further Copyright not claimed on content prepared wholly by U.S. government employees within scope of Notes articles must include the digital object identifier (DOIs) and date of initial publication.

Higher Derivative Analysis for the Interpretation of Self-Potential Profiles at Southern Part of Nile Delta, Egypt

Arabian Journal for …, 2006

Dimensional Electrical Resistivity Imaging, and Ground Penetrating Radar for Imaging the Ancient Monuments at the Western

A combined near surface geophysical survey conducted in archaeological site at the western bank o... more A combined near surface geophysical survey conducted in archaeological site at the western bank of Luxor area shows that, the geophysical methods offer the possibility to characterize and recon-struct the geometry of subsurface structures without destroying the deposits, providing a way to find solutions to the questions of archaeological or engineering significance. The two dimensional electrical imaging (R2D) and the shallow seismic refraction (SSR) techniques were carried out through twelve profiles measured across the study area in NW-SE directions with 5 m profile spacing. The interpretation of the 2-D resistivity imaging shows that there are two layers which are arranged from the top to the bottom as soil layer consists of weathered clay and its thickness varies between 3.82 m and 4 m; wetted clay and mud with depth varies from 25.3 m to 26.23 m and a massive body may composed of Alabaster, limestone or granite is present within the second layer. Following, the inverted 2-D mo...

Impact Factor: 1.61 · DOI: 10.1190/1.1598112 CITATIONS

Shallow Geophysical Methods For Landmines Detection

One of the most important and tedious problem confronting the human safety is landmine detection.... more One of the most important and tedious problem confronting the human safety is landmine detection. A reviews the detection techniques of APM using GPR and Em and describes particular situations where each technique is feasible is presented. We provide an analysis for fusion based detection and classification of APM. The GPR and EM data acquisition, signal processing also include a comparative study of these two sensors with respect to signal processing and target detection procedures. The strengths and weaknesses of each of the sensors based on data capturing efficiency, overcoming environmental difficulties and sensor technology. Finally, we emphasize that a geometrical feature based sensor fusion, combining GPR and EM for detection and classification of APM may be the most effective technique. Detection of landmines using recent developments by using dual sensor technology by combining EMI and ground penetrating radar (GPR) have enabled improved discrimination against small metal f...

Geotechnical investigation of the El-Elb dam site, northwest Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, using 2D resistivity and ground-penetrating radar techniques

Arabian Journal of Geosciences

In the present study, the existence of cavities, voids, and fractures was verified at the site of... more In the present study, the existence of cavities, voids, and fractures was verified at the site of the El-Elb Dam, which is located to the northwest of Riyadh City across Wadi Hanifa, using 2D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) techniques. For this purpose, four ERT profiles were measured on the downstream side of the El-Elb Dam using the Syscal Pro Switch-72 resistivity meter. In addition, a GPR survey using a 400-MHz antenna and a SIR-3000 instrument was conducted along five profiles above the stilling basins on the downstream side of the dam and one radar profile was measured outside the stilling basins area across the course of the wadi. The resultant geophysical data were interpreted with the aid of information from a field-based structural and stratigraphic evaluation of the outcropped bedrock on the banks of the wadi course. The analysis of the inverted ERT and filtered radar sections revealed several resistivity and electromagnetic reflection anomalies that are identified laterally and vertically across the measured sections. These anomalies indicate the presence of fractures and karst features affected the limestone bedrock in the dam site. These near-surface karstified and fractured strata represent a critical hazard to the structural safety of the dam.

Supporting Material

Folco Kamil Science

Folco Kamil Science SOM

The Kamil Crater, Egypt

Geophysical and hydrological investigations at the west bankof Nile River (Luxor, Egypt)

Kamil Crater (Egypt): Ground truth for small-scale meteorite impacts on Earth

by I. Nicolosi, Mahfooz Hafez, Luigi Folco, and Ahmed El-barkooky

Geology, 2011

Interpretation of the self-potential anomaly over a 2-D inclined plate using moving average window curves method, 2005, M. A. Hafez,. Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, Vol. 2 , 97-102

Journal of Geophysics and Engineering

A new method has been developed to estimate the depth and the half-width of an inclined plate fro... more A new method has been developed to estimate the depth and the half-width of an inclined plate from moving average self-potential anomalies obtained from self-potential data. In this method, moving average filters of successive window lengths could be used to determine the depth and half-width of two-dimensional inclined plate. For a fixed window length, the depth is determined iteratively using a simple formula for each half-width value. The computed depths are plotted against the half-width values representing a continuous window curve. Then, the depth and the width of the buried source is read at the common intersection of the window curves. Finally, the method is applied to a synthetic data with and without random noise, and the efficiency of the method is tested on a field example from Germany, which demonstrates the efficiency of the method.

Imaging the subsurface cavities using geoelectrical tomography and GPR survey, 2005, G. El-Qady, M. A. Hafez, , M. A. Abd-alla and Keisuke Ushijima, Jounral of Cave and Karast studies, v. 67, no. 3, p. 174–181

Jounral of Cave and Karast studies, 2005

Imaging subsurface cavities using geoelectric tomography and ground-penetrating radar. Journal of... more

Self-potential survey for geotechnical investigation, 2006.. M. A. Hafez, G. El-Qady, S.A. Sultan, and E. Elsayed, , Arab Jounral of science and Engineering (AJSE), Vol.31, No 2A

ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

13. Migration interpolation for the handheld GPR MD sensor system (ALIS), 2006, X. Feng, T. Kobayashi, T. Kazunori, J. Fujiwara, M. A. Hafez, and M. Sato, An SPIE Event Defense & Security Symposium 2006, Orlando, Florida, USA

Defense and Security Analysis

GPR investigation to allocate the archaeological remains in Mut temple, Luxor, Upper Egypt

NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics, 2012

GPR investigation has been conducted on Mut temple; to the south portion of Al-Karnak temple at t... more GPR investigation has been conducted on Mut temple; to the south portion of Al-Karnak temple at the eastern bank of Luxor city. Within the survey, the GPR SIR system-10A has been used connected to 100/500 MHz antenna. The present work is oriented to allocate the buried Archaeological ruins at the site, and also to evaluate the archaeological significance of the artifacts in concern to the hydro-situation. The survey is composed of three data sets; the first set (A) includes three GPR profiles located inside the temple palisade at the western bank of the holy lake, the second set (B) includes four profiles distributed on the yard between Mute and Al Karnak temples, and the third set (C) includes three profiles oriented to study the EW Sphinx Avenue front of Mute temple. The measured GPR data has been processed and visualized in different ways to show the infra-content of the artifacts in the buried subsurface of the temple. Furthermore, intensive mutual work and discussion with the local inspectorate at Luxor about the results would lead to detect the zones of possible findings and, as much as possible, to define their identities. A series of sectional GPR records, time slices, maps, and 3D graphs are introduced to represent the remains of Mut temple and its infrastructure.

The Kamil Crater, Egypt

ABSTRACT Impact craters up to a few hundreds of meters in diameter are common structures of solid... more ABSTRACT Impact craters up to a few hundreds of meters in diameter are common structures of solid surfaces of planetary bodies in the solar system. Statistics predict that impacts producing small craters on Earth occur on decadal to secular time scales (1, 2). However, small craters are rare on Earth because they are rapidly eroded, and the few identified so far [15 &amp;lt;300 m in diameter out of 176 craters up to 300 km in diameter (3)] have lost most of their primary features. We report the detection in southern Egypt of a rayed impact crater 45min diameter (Fig. 1A) on a Cretaceous sandstone target. The ejecta rays highlight the exceptional freshness of the structure. The crater was identified by V. De Michele during a Google Earth survey and named Kamil Crater after nearby Gebel Kamil. A geophysical expedition undertaken [supporting online material (SOM)] in February 2010 revealed that the crater is bowl shaped and has an upraised rim (~3 m above preimpact surface) (figs. S1 and S2) typical of simple craters (4). The true crater floor depth is 16 m and is overlain by ~6-m-thick crater-fill material (fig. S2). Morphometric parameters agree with those predicted by models (5) for a transient crater generated by an iron meteorite 1.3 min diameter (equivalent to 9.1 × 103 kg) impacting at a velocity of 3.5 kms−1, assuming an average meteoroid entry velocity and entry angle of 18 kms−1 and 45°, respectively. Centimeterscale masses of scoriaceous impact melt glass (fig. S3) occur in and close to the crater and indicate local shock pressures &amp;gt;60 GPa (4). We identified 5178 iron meteorite specimens totaling ~1.71 tons in the crater and surrounding area during systematic searches (SOM). They consist of &amp;lt;34-kg shrapnel produced by the explosion of the impactor upon hypervelocity collision with the target (Fig. 1B), except one individual fragment of 83 kg (fig. S4). This evidence indicates that the Kamil Crater was generated by an impactor that landed nearly intact without substantial fragmentation in the atmosphere. The meteorite is classified as an ungrouped Ni-rich ataxite [Ni = 19.8 weight % (wt %), Co = 0.75 wt %, Ga = 49.5 mg g−1, Ge = 121 mg g−1, Ir = 0.39 mg g−1; data following (6); fig. S5]. Magnetic anomaly data show no evidence of buried meteorites larger than some tens of centimeters (fig. S1). On the basis of systematic meteorite searches, the estimated total mass of the impactor is of the order of 5 ×103 to 10 × 103 kg, corresponding to a preatmospheric mass of ~20 ×103 to 40 × 103 kg (2). According to geophysical models (2, 7), iron masses &amp;lt;3 × 106 kg normally fragment upon impact with Earth’s atmosphere, thereby reducing the energy of the impact at Earth’s surface. However, the present statistics, which include the recently discovered Whitecourt Crater (8) and the Kamil Crater, suggest that ~35% of the iron meteorites in the above mass range are not disrupted in the atmosphere.

Imaging Subsurface Cavities Using Geoelectric Tomograpgy, Ground-penetrating Radar and Microgravity

Proceedings, 2013

In the past few years, construction extended to the southeast of Cairo, Egypt, where limestone ca... more In the past few years, construction extended to the southeast of Cairo, Egypt, where limestone caves occur. The existence of caves and sinkholes represents a hazard for such new urban areas. Therefore, it is important to know the size, position, and depth of natural voids and cavities before building or reconstruction. In this paper, geoelectric-resistivity tomography, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and microgravity have been applied to image shallow subsurface cavities. Microgravity measurement was done to detect density variations in rock strata. Several gravity anomalies were found in the residual map. Semi-automated interpretation techniques including the Euler deconvolution, analytic signal have been used to investigate the depth and size of anomalous sources. Resistivity survey was conducted along three profiles over an exposed cave with unknown extensions. Results from 27 GPR profiles obtained by a SIR-2000 instrument equipped with a 200 MHz antenna were visualized in the form of horizontal time slices and vertical time sections. As a result, the cave at a depth of about 2 m and a width of about 4 m was detected using the geophysical data, which correlates with the known cave system.

Ground-penetrating radar exploration for ancient monuments at the Valley of Mummies -Kilo 6, Bahariya Oasis, Egypt

Journal of Applied Geophysics, 2009

A Valley of Mummies was discovered recently by an Egyptian team at Bahariya Oasis, located about ... more A Valley of Mummies was discovered recently by an Egyptian team at Bahariya Oasis, located about 380 km west of the pyramids. Four tombs were excavated, and inside them were found one hundred and five mummies (105), many of them beautifully gilded. These mummies, many sumptuously decorated with religious scenes, are the very best Roman-Period mummies ever found in Egypt. These remains are around 2000 years old, but they are in remarkable condition. A Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) had proved successful in detecting the cavities in resistive soil in which the mummies were found. The GPR survey conducted near the earlier-discovered tombs at Kilo-6 El-Bahariya to Farafra Oasis road is the focus of this paper. The GPR survey was conducted using the SIR-2000 attached to a 200 MHz monostatic antenna. The two areas to be surveyed were selected by the archaeologists in situ. Area one was 40 m × 40 m and Area two was 30 m × 15 m. A grid pattern survey in one direction; with onemeter profile spacing was done to both areas. In addition, a focusing survey was undertaken over the entire Area one. In addition, twenty long GPR profiles were conducted in an attempt to determine the outer, expected limits of the burial area. After the data acquisition, Reflex software was used for data processing and presentation. The final results of the radar survey: in the form of 2D radar records, time slices and 3D block diagrams; were used to guide the archaeologists during the excavation process. The excavation processes have been completed by the archaeologists, and many tombs and mummies were discovered. It is worthy to mention that, the excavations and location of tombs and cavities matched strongly with the GPR results.

Kamil Crater (Egypt): Ground truth for small-scale meteorite impacts on Earth

Geology, 2011

Kamil Crater (Egypt): Ground truth for small-scale meteorite impacts on Earth Email alerting serv... more Kamil Crater (Egypt): Ground truth for small-scale meteorite impacts on Earth Email alerting services articles cite this article to receive free e-mail alerts when new www.gsapubs.org/cgi/alerts click Subscribe to subscribe to Geology www.gsapubs.org/subscriptions/ click Permission request to contact GSA http://www.geosociety.org/pubs/copyrt.htm#gsa click official positions of the Society. citizenship, gender, religion, or political viewpoint. Opinions presented in this publication do not reflect presentation of diverse opinions and positions by scientists worldwide, regardless of their race, includes a reference to the article's full citation. GSA provides this and other forums for the the abstracts only of their articles on their own or their organization's Web site providing the posting to further education and science. This file may not be posted to any Web site, but authors may post works and to make unlimited copies of items in GSA's journals for noncommercial use in classrooms requests to GSA, to use a single figure, a single table, and/or a brief paragraph of text in subsequent their employment. Individual scientists are hereby granted permission, without fees or further Copyright not claimed on content prepared wholly by U.S. government employees within scope of Notes articles must include the digital object identifier (DOIs) and date of initial publication.

Higher Derivative Analysis for the Interpretation of Self-Potential Profiles at Southern Part of Nile Delta, Egypt

Arabian Journal for …, 2006

Dimensional Electrical Resistivity Imaging, and Ground Penetrating Radar for Imaging the Ancient Monuments at the Western

A combined near surface geophysical survey conducted in archaeological site at the western bank o... more A combined near surface geophysical survey conducted in archaeological site at the western bank of Luxor area shows that, the geophysical methods offer the possibility to characterize and recon-struct the geometry of subsurface structures without destroying the deposits, providing a way to find solutions to the questions of archaeological or engineering significance. The two dimensional electrical imaging (R2D) and the shallow seismic refraction (SSR) techniques were carried out through twelve profiles measured across the study area in NW-SE directions with 5 m profile spacing. The interpretation of the 2-D resistivity imaging shows that there are two layers which are arranged from the top to the bottom as soil layer consists of weathered clay and its thickness varies between 3.82 m and 4 m; wetted clay and mud with depth varies from 25.3 m to 26.23 m and a massive body may composed of Alabaster, limestone or granite is present within the second layer. Following, the inverted 2-D mo...

Impact Factor: 1.61 · DOI: 10.1190/1.1598112 CITATIONS

Shallow Geophysical Methods For Landmines Detection

One of the most important and tedious problem confronting the human safety is landmine detection.... more One of the most important and tedious problem confronting the human safety is landmine detection. A reviews the detection techniques of APM using GPR and Em and describes particular situations where each technique is feasible is presented. We provide an analysis for fusion based detection and classification of APM. The GPR and EM data acquisition, signal processing also include a comparative study of these two sensors with respect to signal processing and target detection procedures. The strengths and weaknesses of each of the sensors based on data capturing efficiency, overcoming environmental difficulties and sensor technology. Finally, we emphasize that a geometrical feature based sensor fusion, combining GPR and EM for detection and classification of APM may be the most effective technique. Detection of landmines using recent developments by using dual sensor technology by combining EMI and ground penetrating radar (GPR) have enabled improved discrimination against small metal f...

Geotechnical investigation of the El-Elb dam site, northwest Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, using 2D resistivity and ground-penetrating radar techniques

Arabian Journal of Geosciences

In the present study, the existence of cavities, voids, and fractures was verified at the site of... more In the present study, the existence of cavities, voids, and fractures was verified at the site of the El-Elb Dam, which is located to the northwest of Riyadh City across Wadi Hanifa, using 2D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) techniques. For this purpose, four ERT profiles were measured on the downstream side of the El-Elb Dam using the Syscal Pro Switch-72 resistivity meter. In addition, a GPR survey using a 400-MHz antenna and a SIR-3000 instrument was conducted along five profiles above the stilling basins on the downstream side of the dam and one radar profile was measured outside the stilling basins area across the course of the wadi. The resultant geophysical data were interpreted with the aid of information from a field-based structural and stratigraphic evaluation of the outcropped bedrock on the banks of the wadi course. The analysis of the inverted ERT and filtered radar sections revealed several resistivity and electromagnetic reflection anomalies that are identified laterally and vertically across the measured sections. These anomalies indicate the presence of fractures and karst features affected the limestone bedrock in the dam site. These near-surface karstified and fractured strata represent a critical hazard to the structural safety of the dam.

Supporting Material

Folco Kamil Science

Folco Kamil Science SOM

The Kamil Crater, Egypt

Geophysical and hydrological investigations at the west bankof Nile River (Luxor, Egypt)

Kamil Crater (Egypt): Ground truth for small-scale meteorite impacts on Earth

by I. Nicolosi, Mahfooz Hafez, Luigi Folco, and Ahmed El-barkooky

Geology, 2011

Interpretation of the self-potential anomaly over a 2-D inclined plate using moving average window curves method, 2005, M. A. Hafez,. Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, Vol. 2 , 97-102

Journal of Geophysics and Engineering

A new method has been developed to estimate the depth and the half-width of an inclined plate fro... more A new method has been developed to estimate the depth and the half-width of an inclined plate from moving average self-potential anomalies obtained from self-potential data. In this method, moving average filters of successive window lengths could be used to determine the depth and half-width of two-dimensional inclined plate. For a fixed window length, the depth is determined iteratively using a simple formula for each half-width value. The computed depths are plotted against the half-width values representing a continuous window curve. Then, the depth and the width of the buried source is read at the common intersection of the window curves. Finally, the method is applied to a synthetic data with and without random noise, and the efficiency of the method is tested on a field example from Germany, which demonstrates the efficiency of the method.

Imaging the subsurface cavities using geoelectrical tomography and GPR survey, 2005, G. El-Qady, M. A. Hafez, , M. A. Abd-alla and Keisuke Ushijima, Jounral of Cave and Karast studies, v. 67, no. 3, p. 174–181

Jounral of Cave and Karast studies, 2005

Imaging subsurface cavities using geoelectric tomography and ground-penetrating radar. Journal of... more

Self-potential survey for geotechnical investigation, 2006.. M. A. Hafez, G. El-Qady, S.A. Sultan, and E. Elsayed, , Arab Jounral of science and Engineering (AJSE), Vol.31, No 2A

ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

13. Migration interpolation for the handheld GPR MD sensor system (ALIS), 2006, X. Feng, T. Kobayashi, T. Kazunori, J. Fujiwara, M. A. Hafez, and M. Sato, An SPIE Event Defense & Security Symposium 2006, Orlando, Florida, USA

Defense and Security Analysis

Improving the image quality of GPR

The potential benefits of a demining GPR Reduction of the false alarm rate by target identificati... more