Papers by William Cavanagh
American Journal of Archaeology, 2009
... I wish to dedicate this article to the memory of Bob Laxton, whose untimely death robbed me o... more ... I wish to dedicate this article to the memory of Bob Laxton, whose untimely death robbed me of a dear friend and the ... 408 WILLIAM CAVANAGH [AJA 113 ... Almost as a counsel of de spair, I suggestthat the remains of an archaic village might lie under the modern houses (supran. ...
Environmental Archaeology , 2021
New stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values of charred plant and bone collagen re... more New stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values of charred plant and bone collagen remains from 6th mill. BCE Halai, central Greece, together with datasets from 6th mill. BCE Kouphovouno, southern Greece, and later 6th/early 5th mill. BCE Makriyalos, northern Greece, demonstrate how early farming communities in mainland Greece adapted mixed farming strategies to distinct local environmental and cultural settings. Intra-site similarities and differences in δ13C and δ15N values of distinct crop species, along with the intra-species variabilities in stable isotopic values, are used to assess the cultivation choices that farmers at the three sites made to fulfill distinct economic goals. At Halai, farmers cultivated multiple crops under variable soil conditions, a strategy likely geared towards minimising overall risk in a relatively arid coastal setting. At better-watered Kouphovouno, by contrast, farmers practiced strategic manuring to maximise the yield of free-threshing wheat, likely grown exclusively for human consumption and rotated with nitrogen-fixing pulses. At Makriyalos, the limited sample size of cereal remains suggests a lack of intensive manuring, in contrast to the two other sites. Assessment of which crops may have been consumed by livestock sheds further light on symbiotic relationships between crop cultivation and animal husbandry. ARTICLE HISTORY
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2000
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Radiotherapy and Oncology, 2000
Molecular urology, 2000
In order to evaluate the effect of short-term androgen blockade on biochemical control rates for ... more In order to evaluate the effect of short-term androgen blockade on biochemical control rates for high-risk patients receiving a combination regimen of external-beam radiation therapy and low-dose-rate permanent seed implant brachytherapy, a retrospective matched subset analysis was performed. Inclusion in the high-risk cohort required at least two of the following poor prognostic factors: serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentration > or = 10.0 ng/mL, Gleason score > or = 7, or clinical stage T(2c) or T(3a) disease. Twenty-one patients who underwent androgen ablation between June 1991 and December 1995 in addition to combined-modality radiation therapy qualified as high risk, as did 77 patients who underwent combined-radiation therapy only. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of follow-up (mean 44.6 v 47.8 months, respectively), pretreatment PSA, clinical stage, biopsy Gleason score, or the presence of all three poor prognos...
Seminars in urologic oncology, 2000
Based on suggestions by anecdotal evidence to date, an attempt is made to estimate the occurrence... more Based on suggestions by anecdotal evidence to date, an attempt is made to estimate the occurrence of non-disease-related prostate-specific antigen (PSA) spiking in the serum PSA profiles of a series of men treated by (125)I/(103)Pd brachytherapy with or without external beam irradiation. Five hundred ninety-one patients treated between January 1988 and December 1993 were eligible for study. Patients whose clinical status was described as equivocal (declining PSA > 1.0 ng/mL or rising PSA without documented disease [9.6% of the cohort]) were not considered. Evidence of PSA increases that were followed by decline were identified. Treatment and disease-specific parameters were examined for influence of the occurrence of spiking. In patients judged biochemical successes at last follow-up (serum PSA < or = 1.0 ng/mL), 35.8% exhibited a temporary increase of 0.2 ng/mL or more. Seventy-five percent of these patients exhibited a temporary increase between 0.3 and 3.4 ng/mL. The averag...
The cancer journal from Scientific American
Urology, 2007
A growing number of studies have described an apparent synergy between systemic chemotherapy admi... more A growing number of studies have described an apparent synergy between systemic chemotherapy administration and the intratumoral injection of dendritic cells (DCs) in the successful treatment of murine tumors. A review of several of these studies is undertaken here and possible combinations of DC therapy and conventional cancer therapies are discussed with the goal of contemplating the exploitation of current findings and theory toward the treatment of human patients with cancer. The methods and results of several murine studies are described in detail and additional reference is made to other relevant murine studies. Hypothetical routes of synergy between DC therapy, chemotherapy, and ablative therapies are explored, and the potentially significant role played by the regulatory immune system is discussed. Given the results of preclinical studies and the current understanding of cancer immunity, it is possible to consider a human treatment that calls for focal ablation of cancer followed by intratumoral DC injection, in the setting of chemotherapy-based regulatory T-cell depletion. UROLOGY 70 (Suppl 6A): 36 -41, 2007.
The Cancer Journal, 2005
We tested the hypothesis that the shorter half-life of Pd-103 versus I-125 results in different l... more We tested the hypothesis that the shorter half-life of Pd-103 versus I-125 results in different late radiation-related morbidities following prostate brachytherapy.
Radiotherapy and Oncology, 2001
International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 2000
International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 2007
International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 2001
The evaluation of clinical variables that influence biochemical relapse-free survival in a cohort... more The evaluation of clinical variables that influence biochemical relapse-free survival in a cohort of patients treated by combined radiotherapy over a fixed interval. Three hundred forty-eight patients diagnosed with clinical Stage T1--T3a prostate cancer were treated with a course of (103)Pd or (125)I brachytherapy followed by a limited course of external beam radiation formed the basis for study. All censored patients had a minimum 2-year follow-up. Biochemical relapse-free survival (BRFS) was estimated using a modified American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology consensus definition. Discrete &quot;risk groups&quot; were developed based on BRFS as influenced by pretreatment parameters. Significant risk factors contributing to biochemical failure were serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) greater than 20 ng/mL, Gleason sum of 7 or greater, or clinical stage T2c or greater. Five-year biochemical control for those exhibiting no risk factor was 88%; one risk factor, 75%; two or more risk factors, 51%. The differences in BRFS among all three risk groups were statistically significant. Outcomes for patients presenting with PSA 10 to 20 ng/mL, but otherwise low-risk disease, fared no differently from those low risk patients presenting with PSA less than 10 ng/mL. Combined radiotherapy with (103)Pd or (125)I followed by external beam radiotherapy achieves a high rate of biochemical and clinical control in patients with low- to intermediate-risk clinically organ confined disease.
International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 2000
International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 2004
International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 2002
International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 2000
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International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 1997
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Papers by William Cavanagh