Papers by Peter Locke
The new standards in Circular 230 also apply to certified public accountants, enrolled agents and... more The new standards in Circular 230 also apply to certified public accountants, enrolled agents and enrolled actuaries. See 59 Fed Reg. 31,523 (1994). 6. 26 U.S.C. § § 6694(a)-(b) (Supp. 1993). A return position has a realistic possibility of being sustained on its merits if it has an approximate one in three chance of success if litigated, a standard measured by the existence of substantial legal authority in support of the return position. See infra note 25 (discussing the realistic possibility of success standard). 7. See31 C.F.R. § § 10.50-.52 (1993). 8. See generally LAWYER DiSCIPuNE, supra note 1. at 1012. NORTH DAKOTA LAW REVIEW following information is intended to inform attorneys who represent clients before the Service of some of the rules they must follow and what they can expect if they do not, as well as some of the recent changes in those rules. II. REGULATORY GUIDELINES FOR TAX PRACTICE Attorneys engaging in the practice of tax law, just like all other attorneys, must abide by the standards of professional responsibility established by the bar of the state in which they are licensed or admitted to practice. 9 North Dakota attorneys adhere to the North Dakota Rules of Professional Conduct.lO The American Bar Association (ABA) promulgates model rules and issues opinions, both aspirational in nature, and to the extent a state adopts those rules or opinions they become additional rules for the attorney to follow. Attorneys must also abide by the rules of the courts in which they practice. "1 For example, an attorney who files a refund suit in the United States Claims Court or one who defends a tax evasion case in federal district court must follow the rules of conduct prescribed by those forums. The United States Tax Court, which hears petitions for redetermination of deficiencies assessed by the Service, holds attorneys to the standard of conduct prescribed by the ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct. 12 The I.R.C. 13 places further restrictions on the activities of attorneys who fit the legal definition of income tax return preparers.1 4 It may come as a surprise to some attorneys to find that they fall into this 9. Id. 10. N.D. RULES OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT. reprinted in N.D. CENTr. CODE C ouRT RULES ANN. 937 (1994) [hereinafter PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT]. 11. See, e.g., N.D. CENTr. CODE § 27-13-01 (1991); N.D. RULES oF COURT 11.5. reprinted in N.D. CENT. CODE COURT RULES ANN. 773, 791 [hereinafter COURT RULES]; LOCAL RULES UNITED STATES DIST. COURT 2(e)(2) reprinted in N.D. CENT. CODECOURT RULES ANN. 1235. 1240 [hereinafter DiST.
The Palgrave Handbook of Sociocultural Perspectives on Global Mental Health, 2017
Violent conflict can have devastating and lasting consequences for mental as well as physical hea... more Violent conflict can have devastating and lasting consequences for mental as well as physical health. Posttrauma interventions have been a key focus of the global mental health movement, but have also given rise to an extensive body of literature criticizing the inappropriate transfer of Western psychological assumptions to contexts where they may not be meaningful. This chapter focuses on what has emerged from this debate and argues for building a richer cross-cultural understanding of mental disorder in war and post-war situations by paying attention to the complex interrelations of trauma-focused pathways, psychosocial pathways, and local expressions of distress.
He directs a number of research and training programs in Global Mental Health, such as the NIMH T... more He directs a number of research and training programs in Global Mental Health, such as the NIMH Training Program in Culture and Mental Health Services. His current work focuses on mental health services development in Asian societies. He collaborates with Dr. Mary-Jo Delvecchio Good and the International Organization for Migration (IOM) on developing mental health services in post-tsunami and post-conflict Aceh in Indonesia.
hal.archives-ouvertes.fr, 2009
The War in Bosnia and its Aftermath The beginning of the war in Bosnia in April 1992 cannot be ex... more The War in Bosnia and its Aftermath The beginning of the war in Bosnia in April 1992 cannot be explained outside the larger context of the break-up of socialist Yugoslavia. To be sure, the existence of Bosnia pre-dates the creation of the Yugoslav state in 1918, but its inclusion into a multinational state at least partially explains its preservation as both an autonomous territorial entity and a multiethnic society. In 1939, the growing rivalry between Serbs and Croats within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia led to the first territorial partition of Bosnia. Two years later, Bosnia was annexed by the Republic of Herceg-Bosna' (Hrvatska Republika Herceg-Bosna) led to fierce fighting between Muslims and Croats in Herzegovina and central Bosnia. This conflict was ended in March 1994, under strong diplomatic pressure from the United States, by the Washington Agreement, which established the Federation of Bosnia-Herzegovina (Federacija Bosne i Herzegovine) based on strictly consociational institutions and divided into ethnically defined cantons. The
Current Anthropology, 2010
Ethnographies of Practice, 2015
Medical humanitarianism—medical and other health-related initiatives undertaken in conditions bor... more Medical humanitarianism—medical and other health-related initiatives undertaken in conditions born of conflict, neglect, or disaster —has a prominent and growing presence in international development, global health, and human security interventions. Medical Humanitarianism: Ethnographies of Practice features twelve essays that fold back the curtains on the individual experiences, institutional practices, and cultural forces that shape humanitarian practice.
Contributors offer vivid and often dramatic insights into the experiences of local humanitarian workers in the Afghan-Pakistan border areas, national doctors coping with influxes of foreign humanitarian volunteers in Haiti, military doctors working for the British Army in Iraq and Afghanistan, and human rights-oriented volunteers within the Israeli medical bureaucracy. They analyze our contested understanding of lethal violence in Darfur, food crises responses in Niger, humanitarian knowledge in Ugandan IDP camps, and humanitarian departures in Liberia. They depict the local dynamics of healthcare delivery work to alleviate human suffering in Somali areas of Ethiopia, the emergency metaphors of global health campaigns from Ghana to war-torn Sudan, the fraught negotiations of humanitarians with strong state institutions in Indonesia, and the ambiguous character of research ethics espoused by missions in Sierra Leone. In providing well-grounded case studies, Medical Humanitarianism will engage both scholars and practitioners working at the interface of humanitarian medicine, global health interventions, and the social sciences. They challenge the reader to reach a more critical and compassionate understanding of humanitarian assistance.
Contributors: Sharon Abramowitz, Tim Allen, Ilil Benjamin, Lauren Carruth, Mary Jo DelVecchio-Good, Alex de Waal, Byron J. Good, Stuart Gordon, Jesse Hession Grayman, Jean-Hervé Jézéquel, Peter Locke, Amy Moran-Thomas, Patricia Omidian, Catherine Panter-Brick, Peter Piot, Peter Redfield, Laura Wagner
Sharon Abramowitz is Associate Professor of Anthropology and Africa Studies at the University of Florida and author of Searching for Normal in the Wake of the Liberian War, also available from the University of Pennsylvania Press.
Catherine Panter-Brick is Professor of Anthropology, Health, and Global Affairs at Yale University, and Director of the MacMillan Program on Conflict, Resilience, and Health. She has coedited six books, most recently Pathways to Peace.
This dissertation examines how the urban poor in Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH) cope with tra... more This dissertation examines how the urban poor in Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH) cope with trauma and rebuild their lives in a new post-war state and economy. The dissertation is based on twenty months of fieldwork with relief agencies and their beneficiaries. I carried out participant-observation of the activities of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and conducted interviews with policy-makers, mental health professionals, and individuals and families searching for care.
The dissertation charts the impact and sustainability of psychosocial support services—originally funded and delivered by international humanitarian organizations, now provided by local NGOs as foreign engagement in BiH declines. After surveying the available medical and welfare services for war victims in BiH, I conducted a study of “Wings of Hope,” an organization that supports families considered to be traumatized by the war and its aftermath. The dissertation focuses on how these families relate to Wings of Hope and other services that comprise a new, fragile therapeutic apparatus that is crucial to sustaining their survival and aspirations for the future. The dissertation explores how people adapt and transform the language of trauma as they struggle day-by-day to make ends meet in an environment of corruption, ethnically divided politics, and myopic, ineffective post-war reconstruction efforts.
Grand political and mass-therapeutic interventions—executed under the rubrics of reconciliation, democratization, and market reform—fail to incorporate the local expertise gleaned by ordinary people struggling to rebuild social worlds and to sustain deeply held values. Sarajevans are redefining the language of trauma to make moral and political claims and to convey the persistent intractability of the loss of cherished relations of care and ways of being. In accounting for this human agency, the dissertation demonstrates how anthropological evidence can help to ground debates about international humanitarianism and democracy-building, reconfigure social scientific and clinical approaches to trauma, and generate a new approach to post-war social repair that better incorporates the values, needs, and desires of survivors.
Philosopher Gilles Deleuze emphasizes the primacy of desire over power and the openness and flux ... more Philosopher Gilles Deleuze emphasizes the primacy of desire over power and the openness and flux of social fields. In this article, we place our ethnographic projects among the urban poor in Brazil and Bosnia‐Herzegovina in dialogue with Deleuze’s cartographic approach to subjectivity and his reflections on control and the transformative potential of becoming. As people scavenge for resources and care, they must deal with the encroachment of psychiatric diagnostics and treatments in broken public institutions and in altered forms of common sense. By reading our cases in light of Deleuze’s ideas, we uphold the rights of microanalysis, bringing into view the immanent fields that people, in all their ambiguity, invent and live by. Such fields of action and significance—leaking out on all sides—are mediated by power and knowledge, but they are also animated by claims to basic rights and desires. In making public a nuanced understanding of these fields—always at risk of disappearing—anthropologists still allow for larger structural and institutional processes to become visible and their true effect known. This fieldwork/philosophical dialogue highlights the limits of psychiatric models of symptoms and human agency and supplements applications of concepts such as biopolitics, structural violence, and social suffering in anthropology. Continually adjusting itself to the reality of contemporary lives and worlds, the anthropological venture has the potential of art: to invoke neglected human potentials and to expand the limits of understanding and imagination—a people yet to come.
Books by Peter Locke
Medical humanitarianism--medical and other health-related initiatives undertaken in conditions bo... more Medical humanitarianism--medical and other health-related initiatives undertaken in conditions born of conflict, neglect, or disaster --has a prominent and growing presence in international development, global health, and human security interventions. Medical Humanitarianism: Ethnographies of Practice features twelve essays that fold back the curtains on the individual experiences, institutional practices, and cultural forces that shape humanitarian practice.
Contributors offer vivid and often dramatic insights into the experiences of local humanitarian workers in the Afghan-Pakistan border areas, national doctors coping with influxes of foreign humanitarian volunteers in Haiti, military doctors working for the British Army in Iraq and Afghanistan, and human rights-oriented volunteers within the Israeli medical bureaucracy. They analyze our contested understanding of lethal violence in Darfur, food crises responses in Niger, humanitarian knowledge in Ugandan IDP camps, and humanitarian departures in Liberia. They depict the local dynamics of healthcare delivery work to alleviate human suffering in Somali areas of Ethiopia, the emergency metaphors of global health campaigns from Ghana to war-torn Sudan, the fraught negotiations of humanitarians with strong state institutions in Indonesia, and the ambiguous character of research ethics espoused by missions in Sierra Leone. In providing well-grounded case studies, Medical Humanitarianism will engage both scholars and practitioners working at the interface of humanitarian medicine, global health interventions, and the social sciences. They challenge the reader to reach a more critical and compassionate understanding of humanitarian assistance.
Contributors: Sharon Abramowitz, Tim Allen, Ilil Benjamin, Lauren Carruth, Mary Jo DelVecchio-Good, Alex de Waal, Byron J. Good, Stuart Gordon, Jesse Hession Grayman, Jean-Hervé Jézéquel, Peter Locke, Amy Moran-Thomas, Patricia Omidian, Catherine Panter-Brick, Peter Piot, Peter Redfield, Laura Wagner
Edited Books by Peter Locke
Unfinished: The Anthropology of Becoming, 2017
Editors | João Biehl & Peter Locke
Contributors | Lucas Bessire, João Biehl, Naisargi N. Dave, E... more Editors | João Biehl & Peter Locke
Contributors | Lucas Bessire, João Biehl, Naisargi N. Dave, Elizabeth Anne Davis, Michael M. J. Fischer, Angela Garcia, Peter Locke, Adriana Petryna, Bridget Purcell, Laurence Ralph, Lilia Moritz Schwarcz
About the Book | This original, field-changing collection explores the plasticity and unfinishedness of human subjects and lifeworlds, advancing the conceptual terrain of an anthropology of becoming. People’s becomings trouble and exceed ways of knowing and acting, producing new possibilities for research, methodology, and writing. The contributors creatively bridge ethnography and critical theory in a range of worlds on the edge, from war and its aftermath, economic transformation, racial inequality, and gun violence to religiosity, therapeutic markets, animal rights activism, and abrupt environmental change. Defying totalizing analytical schemes, these visionary essays articulate a human science of the uncertain and unknown and restore a sense of movement and possibility to ethics and political practice. Unfinished invites readers to consider the array of affects, ideas, forces, and objects that shape contemporary modes of existence and future horizons, opening new channels for critical thought and creative expression.
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Papers by Peter Locke
Contributors offer vivid and often dramatic insights into the experiences of local humanitarian workers in the Afghan-Pakistan border areas, national doctors coping with influxes of foreign humanitarian volunteers in Haiti, military doctors working for the British Army in Iraq and Afghanistan, and human rights-oriented volunteers within the Israeli medical bureaucracy. They analyze our contested understanding of lethal violence in Darfur, food crises responses in Niger, humanitarian knowledge in Ugandan IDP camps, and humanitarian departures in Liberia. They depict the local dynamics of healthcare delivery work to alleviate human suffering in Somali areas of Ethiopia, the emergency metaphors of global health campaigns from Ghana to war-torn Sudan, the fraught negotiations of humanitarians with strong state institutions in Indonesia, and the ambiguous character of research ethics espoused by missions in Sierra Leone. In providing well-grounded case studies, Medical Humanitarianism will engage both scholars and practitioners working at the interface of humanitarian medicine, global health interventions, and the social sciences. They challenge the reader to reach a more critical and compassionate understanding of humanitarian assistance.
Contributors: Sharon Abramowitz, Tim Allen, Ilil Benjamin, Lauren Carruth, Mary Jo DelVecchio-Good, Alex de Waal, Byron J. Good, Stuart Gordon, Jesse Hession Grayman, Jean-Hervé Jézéquel, Peter Locke, Amy Moran-Thomas, Patricia Omidian, Catherine Panter-Brick, Peter Piot, Peter Redfield, Laura Wagner
Sharon Abramowitz is Associate Professor of Anthropology and Africa Studies at the University of Florida and author of Searching for Normal in the Wake of the Liberian War, also available from the University of Pennsylvania Press.
Catherine Panter-Brick is Professor of Anthropology, Health, and Global Affairs at Yale University, and Director of the MacMillan Program on Conflict, Resilience, and Health. She has coedited six books, most recently Pathways to Peace.
The dissertation charts the impact and sustainability of psychosocial support services—originally funded and delivered by international humanitarian organizations, now provided by local NGOs as foreign engagement in BiH declines. After surveying the available medical and welfare services for war victims in BiH, I conducted a study of “Wings of Hope,” an organization that supports families considered to be traumatized by the war and its aftermath. The dissertation focuses on how these families relate to Wings of Hope and other services that comprise a new, fragile therapeutic apparatus that is crucial to sustaining their survival and aspirations for the future. The dissertation explores how people adapt and transform the language of trauma as they struggle day-by-day to make ends meet in an environment of corruption, ethnically divided politics, and myopic, ineffective post-war reconstruction efforts.
Grand political and mass-therapeutic interventions—executed under the rubrics of reconciliation, democratization, and market reform—fail to incorporate the local expertise gleaned by ordinary people struggling to rebuild social worlds and to sustain deeply held values. Sarajevans are redefining the language of trauma to make moral and political claims and to convey the persistent intractability of the loss of cherished relations of care and ways of being. In accounting for this human agency, the dissertation demonstrates how anthropological evidence can help to ground debates about international humanitarianism and democracy-building, reconfigure social scientific and clinical approaches to trauma, and generate a new approach to post-war social repair that better incorporates the values, needs, and desires of survivors.
Books by Peter Locke
Contributors offer vivid and often dramatic insights into the experiences of local humanitarian workers in the Afghan-Pakistan border areas, national doctors coping with influxes of foreign humanitarian volunteers in Haiti, military doctors working for the British Army in Iraq and Afghanistan, and human rights-oriented volunteers within the Israeli medical bureaucracy. They analyze our contested understanding of lethal violence in Darfur, food crises responses in Niger, humanitarian knowledge in Ugandan IDP camps, and humanitarian departures in Liberia. They depict the local dynamics of healthcare delivery work to alleviate human suffering in Somali areas of Ethiopia, the emergency metaphors of global health campaigns from Ghana to war-torn Sudan, the fraught negotiations of humanitarians with strong state institutions in Indonesia, and the ambiguous character of research ethics espoused by missions in Sierra Leone. In providing well-grounded case studies, Medical Humanitarianism will engage both scholars and practitioners working at the interface of humanitarian medicine, global health interventions, and the social sciences. They challenge the reader to reach a more critical and compassionate understanding of humanitarian assistance.
Contributors: Sharon Abramowitz, Tim Allen, Ilil Benjamin, Lauren Carruth, Mary Jo DelVecchio-Good, Alex de Waal, Byron J. Good, Stuart Gordon, Jesse Hession Grayman, Jean-Hervé Jézéquel, Peter Locke, Amy Moran-Thomas, Patricia Omidian, Catherine Panter-Brick, Peter Piot, Peter Redfield, Laura Wagner
Edited Books by Peter Locke
Contributors | Lucas Bessire, João Biehl, Naisargi N. Dave, Elizabeth Anne Davis, Michael M. J. Fischer, Angela Garcia, Peter Locke, Adriana Petryna, Bridget Purcell, Laurence Ralph, Lilia Moritz Schwarcz
About the Book | This original, field-changing collection explores the plasticity and unfinishedness of human subjects and lifeworlds, advancing the conceptual terrain of an anthropology of becoming. People’s becomings trouble and exceed ways of knowing and acting, producing new possibilities for research, methodology, and writing. The contributors creatively bridge ethnography and critical theory in a range of worlds on the edge, from war and its aftermath, economic transformation, racial inequality, and gun violence to religiosity, therapeutic markets, animal rights activism, and abrupt environmental change. Defying totalizing analytical schemes, these visionary essays articulate a human science of the uncertain and unknown and restore a sense of movement and possibility to ethics and political practice. Unfinished invites readers to consider the array of affects, ideas, forces, and objects that shape contemporary modes of existence and future horizons, opening new channels for critical thought and creative expression.
Contributors offer vivid and often dramatic insights into the experiences of local humanitarian workers in the Afghan-Pakistan border areas, national doctors coping with influxes of foreign humanitarian volunteers in Haiti, military doctors working for the British Army in Iraq and Afghanistan, and human rights-oriented volunteers within the Israeli medical bureaucracy. They analyze our contested understanding of lethal violence in Darfur, food crises responses in Niger, humanitarian knowledge in Ugandan IDP camps, and humanitarian departures in Liberia. They depict the local dynamics of healthcare delivery work to alleviate human suffering in Somali areas of Ethiopia, the emergency metaphors of global health campaigns from Ghana to war-torn Sudan, the fraught negotiations of humanitarians with strong state institutions in Indonesia, and the ambiguous character of research ethics espoused by missions in Sierra Leone. In providing well-grounded case studies, Medical Humanitarianism will engage both scholars and practitioners working at the interface of humanitarian medicine, global health interventions, and the social sciences. They challenge the reader to reach a more critical and compassionate understanding of humanitarian assistance.
Contributors: Sharon Abramowitz, Tim Allen, Ilil Benjamin, Lauren Carruth, Mary Jo DelVecchio-Good, Alex de Waal, Byron J. Good, Stuart Gordon, Jesse Hession Grayman, Jean-Hervé Jézéquel, Peter Locke, Amy Moran-Thomas, Patricia Omidian, Catherine Panter-Brick, Peter Piot, Peter Redfield, Laura Wagner
Sharon Abramowitz is Associate Professor of Anthropology and Africa Studies at the University of Florida and author of Searching for Normal in the Wake of the Liberian War, also available from the University of Pennsylvania Press.
Catherine Panter-Brick is Professor of Anthropology, Health, and Global Affairs at Yale University, and Director of the MacMillan Program on Conflict, Resilience, and Health. She has coedited six books, most recently Pathways to Peace.
The dissertation charts the impact and sustainability of psychosocial support services—originally funded and delivered by international humanitarian organizations, now provided by local NGOs as foreign engagement in BiH declines. After surveying the available medical and welfare services for war victims in BiH, I conducted a study of “Wings of Hope,” an organization that supports families considered to be traumatized by the war and its aftermath. The dissertation focuses on how these families relate to Wings of Hope and other services that comprise a new, fragile therapeutic apparatus that is crucial to sustaining their survival and aspirations for the future. The dissertation explores how people adapt and transform the language of trauma as they struggle day-by-day to make ends meet in an environment of corruption, ethnically divided politics, and myopic, ineffective post-war reconstruction efforts.
Grand political and mass-therapeutic interventions—executed under the rubrics of reconciliation, democratization, and market reform—fail to incorporate the local expertise gleaned by ordinary people struggling to rebuild social worlds and to sustain deeply held values. Sarajevans are redefining the language of trauma to make moral and political claims and to convey the persistent intractability of the loss of cherished relations of care and ways of being. In accounting for this human agency, the dissertation demonstrates how anthropological evidence can help to ground debates about international humanitarianism and democracy-building, reconfigure social scientific and clinical approaches to trauma, and generate a new approach to post-war social repair that better incorporates the values, needs, and desires of survivors.
Contributors offer vivid and often dramatic insights into the experiences of local humanitarian workers in the Afghan-Pakistan border areas, national doctors coping with influxes of foreign humanitarian volunteers in Haiti, military doctors working for the British Army in Iraq and Afghanistan, and human rights-oriented volunteers within the Israeli medical bureaucracy. They analyze our contested understanding of lethal violence in Darfur, food crises responses in Niger, humanitarian knowledge in Ugandan IDP camps, and humanitarian departures in Liberia. They depict the local dynamics of healthcare delivery work to alleviate human suffering in Somali areas of Ethiopia, the emergency metaphors of global health campaigns from Ghana to war-torn Sudan, the fraught negotiations of humanitarians with strong state institutions in Indonesia, and the ambiguous character of research ethics espoused by missions in Sierra Leone. In providing well-grounded case studies, Medical Humanitarianism will engage both scholars and practitioners working at the interface of humanitarian medicine, global health interventions, and the social sciences. They challenge the reader to reach a more critical and compassionate understanding of humanitarian assistance.
Contributors: Sharon Abramowitz, Tim Allen, Ilil Benjamin, Lauren Carruth, Mary Jo DelVecchio-Good, Alex de Waal, Byron J. Good, Stuart Gordon, Jesse Hession Grayman, Jean-Hervé Jézéquel, Peter Locke, Amy Moran-Thomas, Patricia Omidian, Catherine Panter-Brick, Peter Piot, Peter Redfield, Laura Wagner
Contributors | Lucas Bessire, João Biehl, Naisargi N. Dave, Elizabeth Anne Davis, Michael M. J. Fischer, Angela Garcia, Peter Locke, Adriana Petryna, Bridget Purcell, Laurence Ralph, Lilia Moritz Schwarcz
About the Book | This original, field-changing collection explores the plasticity and unfinishedness of human subjects and lifeworlds, advancing the conceptual terrain of an anthropology of becoming. People’s becomings trouble and exceed ways of knowing and acting, producing new possibilities for research, methodology, and writing. The contributors creatively bridge ethnography and critical theory in a range of worlds on the edge, from war and its aftermath, economic transformation, racial inequality, and gun violence to religiosity, therapeutic markets, animal rights activism, and abrupt environmental change. Defying totalizing analytical schemes, these visionary essays articulate a human science of the uncertain and unknown and restore a sense of movement and possibility to ethics and political practice. Unfinished invites readers to consider the array of affects, ideas, forces, and objects that shape contemporary modes of existence and future horizons, opening new channels for critical thought and creative expression.