Himanshu Kumar

National Institute of Science & Technology, India, Electronics Engineering, Graduate Student

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Christos Argyropoulos

University of Nebraska Lincoln

Armando Marques-Guedes

UNL - New University of Lisbon

Brandon Kemp

Arkansas State University

naveen noronha

Visvesvaraya Technological University

Suresh Muthusamy

Kongu Engineering College

Tribeni Prasad Banerjee

West Bengal University Of Technology

Mayra Zahra

State University of Jakarta

A. Z. Hafez

University of Nottingham

Mahmoud Moghavvemi

University of Malaya, Malaysia

Gwen Robbins Schug

University of North Carolina at Greensboro

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Papers by Himanshu Kumar

Discovery of coesite from Indus Suture Zone (ISZ), Ladakh, India: Evidence for deep subduction

European Journal of Mineralogy, 2004

... Evidence for deep subduction Himanshu K. SACHAN 1 ,* , Barun K ... Earth. Planet. Sci. Lett.,... more

How Far Have We Reached in Tuberculosis Vaccine Development

Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 2003

Tuberculosis, a bacterial disease prevalent since ancient times, continues to cause the most deat... more Tuberculosis, a bacterial disease prevalent since ancient times, continues to cause the most deaths globally compared with all other diseases. The causative agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis is responsible for different types of tuberculosis in humans; however, pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common and causes the most deaths. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogenic bacterium, which has developed sophisticated mechanisms to survive inside host mononuclear phagocytes and thus evade the host immune system. This is attributed primarily to an inadequate immune response toward infecting bacteria, which results in temporary growth inhibition rather than death and subsequently allows the bacteria to multiply immensely, leading to full-blown disease in an individual. This disease has become a challenge due to poor diagnosis, a low-efficiency tuberculosis vaccine (Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin [BCG]), a long-term antibacterial chemotherapy regimen (approximately 6 months), and an emergence of multiple drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis especially in people with human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection, for whom researchers worldwide must develop effective short-term chemotherapy and an effective vaccine. In this review different aspects of vaccines in tuberculosis are discussed, and these include the traditional BCG vaccine, the modern auxotrophic vaccine, the subunit or acellular vaccine; and a DNA vaccine. We discuss also the potential of mycobacterial lipids as a vaccine or as an adjuvant in the future. Since complete genome information of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and bioinformatics tools are available, it is possible to develop new strategies for a better and effective tuberculosis vaccine, which can replace the traditional BCG vaccine.

Association study of major risk single nucleotide polymorphisms in the common regulatory region of PARK2 and PACRG genes with leprosy in an Indian population

European Journal of Human Genetics, 2006

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the regulatory region shared by PARK2 and PACRG have be... more Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the regulatory region shared by PARK2 and PACRG have been identified as major risk factors for leprosy susceptibility in two ethnically distinct populations. We investigated the association of six SNPs present in this regulatory region with leprosy susceptibility in an Indian population. Genotyping was performed by direct PCR sequencing in 286 leprosy patients and 350 healthy controls. Our results showed that T allele of SNPs PARK2_e01 (À2599) and 28 kb target_2_1 was significantly associated with susceptibility to leprosy per se (P ¼ 0.03 and 0.03, respectively). The T allele of SNPs PARK2_e01 (À2599) showed a significant recessive effect (P ¼ 0.04) in susceptibility to leprosy in Indian population as against the dominant effect of haplotype T-C of the major risk SNPs PARK2_e01 (À2599) and rs1040079 in Brazilian and Vietnamese population. However, after bonferroni corrections, these significant differences disappeared. Haplotype analysis also showed a lack of significant association of any haplotype with cases or controls. The noninvolvement of major risk SNPs in the regulatory region of PARK2 and PACRG locus with leprosy susceptibility in Indian population highlights the differential effect of these SNPs in regulating genetic susceptibility to leprosy in different populations.

Himanshu Kumar

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