Books by Alexander Doweld
The genus Sphenaster was erected by Jeffery (in Smith et al. 1999: 131) for a distinctive fossil ... more The genus Sphenaster was erected by Jeffery (in Smith et al. 1999: 131) for a distinctive fossil echinoid of the Thanetian (Palaeocene) age from Spain and considered to be the most ancient element of the echinoid family AEROPSIDAE Clark, 1917 (Spatangida, Echinoidea). Unfortunately, up to now (Kroh 2010), it was not realized that the generic name Sphenaster is invalid, being a junior homonym of Sphenaster Wilcoxon, 1970: 80, a genus of fossil protist (HAPTOMONADA).
As the protistan generic name Sphenaster Wilcoxon, 1970 is nomenclaturally available in zoology and still recognized in modern protistology and palaeoalgology (as a member of the HAPTOMONADA), a new generic name is necessary for the fossil echinoidean genus. To resolve this homonymy, in accordance with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (‘the Code’ below), a new replacement name is here proposed for Sphenaster Jeffery, 1999 nec Wilcoxon, 1970.
The genus Disparella (D. fusiformis Fedorov, 1987, by original designation) was established in Fe... more The genus Disparella (D. fusiformis Fedorov, 1987, by original designation) was established in Fedorov and Pereladov [1] for distinctive fossil spiculae of sponges from NorthEastern Siberia of Cambrian age. However, Hessler [2] , a living isopod (Crustacea: Malacostraca: Isopoda: Asellota: Desmosomatidae), preceded fossil generic name, which becomes a preoccupied later homonym.
Recently it was found (Doweld 2016) that the generic name Aenigma Kuznetsova (1957: 68; type spec... more Recently it was found (Doweld 2016) that the generic name Aenigma Kuznetsova (1957: 68; type species A. jucunda Kuznetsova, by original designation) of fossil Ostracoda from the Lower Cretaceous (Barremian) of Tegchaj, North-Eastern Azerbaijan, former USSR (Transcaucasia), is already preoccupied by a marine gastropod molluscan generic name Aenigma Newman (1836: 499), which is in active current use in zoology (Coleoptera: Carabidae), along with a few
other known homonyms, Aenigma Amsel (1956: 288) [Lepidoptera], Aenigma Koch (in Martini & Chemnitz 1846: 1, unpaginated) [Mollusca], Aenigma Karsch (1878: 825) [Arachnida], Aenigma Strecker (1876: 122) [Lepidoptera]. Therefore, a new replacement name was proposed, Kuznetsovia Doweld (2016: 68). However, it was overlooked that this
generic name is already preoccupied by Kuznetsovia Kammerer (2006: 269) [Arthropoda], escaped from Nomenclator Zoologicus and Zoobank. In this connection, to resolve unexpected homonymy with an arthropod generic name, in accordance with article 60 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999), a new replacement name is proposed for the fossil Ostracoda genus.
The book contains an outline of the phylogenetic system of Vascular plants (Tracheophyta) in the ... more The book contains an outline of the phylogenetic system of Vascular plants (Tracheophyta) in the form of Syllabus of all validly published from 1753 family, (super-, sub-) ordinal, (sub)class, and (sub)phylum names, including for the first time revised and summarized fossil suprageneric names. The Prosyllabus covers all vascular plants, including fossil, for the period of cca. 420 mln years (Upper Silurian-Extant). The Prosyllabus Tracheophytorum is published in the anticipation of the issuance in 2003 of New Syllabus of Plant Families (A Plant World System) [in English], which has been initiated by German botanist Adolf Engler in 1892 (as Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien) and served as a main source of systematic botany for the nearly half of XX century.22 phyla of vascular plants (including extinct forms) contain 2857 validly published names of families, orders, superorders, (sub-)classes as on December, 2001. Descriptive, illegitimate and invalidly published suprageneric names were omitted. An accepted system summarized molecular phylogenetics, carpology and seed anatomy in particular, for the system of flowering plants, ferns, club-mosses, conifers, cycads and fossil vascular plants.A revised detailed system of Eukaryota is also added with 481 analogous suprageneric names: the Eukaryota is considered as a domain (empire) of organisms, splitted into two subdomains, Chlorota (plant-like organisms aggregated into 5 kingdoms, Euglenobiota, Peridiniobiota, Bacillariobiota, Rhodymeniobiota, Chlorobiota) and Zoota (animals and fungi in 6 kingdoms, viz. Amoebobiota, Mucorobiota, Trichoplacobiota, Spongiobiota, Hydrobiota, Zoobiota). 504 new suprageneric names (from family to botanical kingdoms) are validated according to provisions of both International Codes of Botanical and Zoological Nomenclature; Protozoa were abandoned as polyphyletic taxon and replaced with numerous new phyla, subregnums and regnums. A comprehensive bibliography (671 entries) covers all papers and books in which where validly published all summarized suprageneric names for the period of cca. 250 years (since 1753). For botanists, zoologists, palaeontologists (palaeobotanists), protistologists, molecular biologists, all interested in botanical and zoological nomenclature and phylogenetic systematics.
Papers by Alexander Doweld
Acta Botánica Malacitana, 1998
The Melianthaceous seed and its Rhamnaceous affinity. The seed anatomy and morphology of Bersama ... more The Melianthaceous seed and its Rhamnaceous affinity. The seed anatomy and morphology of Bersama (Bersamataceae) and Melianthus (Melianthaceae) have been studied in an effort to clarify their phylogenetic position. The exotestal seed coats of Bersama and Melianthus with a differentiated palisade of Malpighian cells in exotesta, dimerous raphal vascular skeleton, abundant endosperm, and small differentiated straight embryo show a resemblance with exotestal albuminous seeds of Rhamnaceae and Elaeagnaceae. Using also additional data on carpology, floral and vegetative morphology it is suggested that Bersamataceae with Melianthaceae and Rhamnaceae/Elaeagnaceae constitute a distinct relict sidebranch of exo-mesotestal rosidaceous ancestry. Evidence from seed anatomy and morphology emphasizes the anomaly of the traditional inclusion of Bersama and Melianthus in the Sapindales, since they have a distinct spermoderm structure and seed vascularization. The seed anatomy does not confirm any relationships with alternatively suggested exo-mesotestal Lardizabalaceae. The formerly suggested relationships of this clade with exotegmic Malvales are also not supported by seed anatomy. The affinity with exotegmic Celastrales which are considered as a possible connecting link between archaic exo-mesotestal Rosales and exotestal Rhamnales/Elaeagnales is also found untenable. It is suggested that both families, Bersamataceae and Melianthaceae, constituting a distinct order Melianthales, together with Rhamnaceae (Rhamnales s.str.) and Elaeagnaceae (Elaeagnales) represent advanced remanants of the massive, much branched phylum tracing back directly to Fabales, passed by specialized Rosales, Sapindales, Icacinales, and Celastrales.
Acta Botánica Malacitana, 1996
The carpology and taxonomic relationships of Bretschneidera (Bretschneideraceae). The fruit and s... more The carpology and taxonomic relationships of Bretschneidera (Bretschneideraceae). The fruit and seed anatomy and morphology of Bretschneidera sinensis Hemsl., the monotypic genus in the Bretschneideraceae, have been studied in order to clarify its phylogenetic relationships. The loculicidal trilocular syncarpous fruit has unusual unspecialised, aerenchymatous fibrous 12-14-layered endocarp and sclerified innermost part of the mesocarp with numerous radially elongated bundles pervading the parenchyma of mesocarp. Such a distribution of mechanical elements is indicative of the derivation of the Bretschneidera fruit from a drupaceous fruit of the «durian» type. In order to emphasise hard differences in pericarpic mechanical system of between drupe, capsule and this specialised type it is proposed to establish a new type of fruits -ascade (aseada, lat.) -to accommodate all fruits originated from the superior ovary with sclerified mechanical system located in the mesocarp. Thus the fruit of Bretschneidera is defined as a loculicidal ascade instead of loculicidal capsule. Seeds of Bretschneidera are relatively large, practically exalbuminous, with straight dicotyledonous embryo. The spermoderm of Bretschneidera is exomesotestal with unspecialised crushed tegmen, 40-45-layered, traversed by 8 postchalazal vascular bundles. Evidence mainly from seed morphology and anatomy of seed coats emphasises the somewhat anomaly of the traditional inclusion of Bretschneideraceae in the Sapindales, being quite distinct in spermoderm structure and origin from both Sapindaceae and Hippocastanaceae as well as from other families of the order, excepting anomalous exo-mesotestal Akaniaceae. Furthermore, seed anatomy does not confirm any relationships with Capparales. It is suggested that Bretschneideraceae with Akaniaceae constitute a distinct relict side-branch of connaraceous-sapindaceous ancestry. It can by no means be considered as a basal clade to Capparales. It is suggested to keep Bretschneideraceae with Akaniaceae separately from Sapindales and Capparales before more comprehensive studies of seedcoat anatomy of other orders of Rosidae.
Journal of entomology and zoology studies, Dec 1, 2014
A new generic name, Aulacomela Doweld, is proposed as replacement name for junior homonym
Novon, 1999
Abstrac t. Eight superordinal and twelve ordinal names not validly published by A. L. Takhtajan i... more Abstrac t. Eight superordinal and twelve ordinal names not validly published by A. L. Takhtajan in 1997 are formally validated. One name proposed by Cronquist in 1980 is validated. In addition, three names not properly validated by J. L. Reveal are included. A new family name, Exbueklandiaceae, is proposed for the illegitimate family name Bucklandiaceae. Engelhardtiaceae is validated to accommodate Engelhardtia, Alfaroa, Alfaropsis, and Oreomunnea, all distinct from the Juglandaceae s. str.
Acta Palaeobotanica, Dec 1, 2017
The nomenclature of some fossil and extant homonyms of Typha (Typhaceae) is resolved. Fossil Typh... more The nomenclature of some fossil and extant homonyms of Typha (Typhaceae) is resolved. Fossil Typha elongata P.I. Dorofeev 1982, being an illegitimate later homonym of extant Typha elongata Pauquy 1834, is renamed T. asiatica nom. nov. Typha sibirica Krasnova 1987 (extant) is replaced by a new name, T. krasnovae nom. nov., on account of the earlier homonym, T. sibirica P.I. Dorofeev 1982 (fossil). T. transdnestrovica nom. nov. is proposed to replace the later homonym T. elliptica Negru 1976 (fossil) non T. elliptica Gmelin 1808 (extant). Fossil seeds from the Lower Oligocene (Rupelian) of Bembridge (Isle of Wight, U.K.), previously attributed to the fossil-species T. latissima, based on leaves, are described as a new fossil-species, T. latissimisperma sp. nov. Typha latissima is neotypified; Typha angustior is lectotypified for the first time.
Annals of Botany, Oct 1, 1998
This study of the anatomy and morphology of fruits and seeds of Trochodendron aralioides Sieb. & ... more This study of the anatomy and morphology of fruits and seeds of Trochodendron aralioides Sieb. & Zucc. and Tetracentron sinense Oliv. has revealed significant new data in the understanding of their systematic and phylogenetic relationships. The correction of the seed coat type for Trochodendron as (endotestal-) exotegmic (instead of endotestal) and for Tetracentron as exotegmic (instead of endotestal) documents a large morphogenetic gap between these putatively advanced types of seed coat and those of other Hamamelididae. Among primitive angiosperms, the combination of a few-layered testa with a markedly differentiated endotesta and a relatively multilayered tegmen with a sclerified tracheidal exotegmen occurs only in the seeds of the family Dilleniaceae (Dilleniales), which occupies a somewhat isolated position within the subclass Dilleniidae. The former features, as well as characteristics of node anatomy, anther dehiscence, pollen, floral and fruit morphology, suggest a close relationship between Trochodendrales and Dilleniales. The intermediate position of Trochodendrales between Magnoliidae and Hamamelididae is rejected, and Trochodendrales are taxonomically transferred from Hamamelididae to Dilleniidae in the rank of a distinct superorder : Trochodendranae. It is considered necessary to reform further the systematics of the artificial complex of the so-called ' lower ' Hamamelididae and Dilleniidae. The suggested relationship between Trochodendron and fossil forms such as Trochodendroides, NordenskioW ldia, Trochodendrocarpus and Trochodendrospermum is also found untenable in light of the carpological survey of modern forms presented here.
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Apr 1, 1996
The fruit and seed anatomy and morphology ofAkanaa bzdzvrzllzz, the monotypic genus in the Akania... more The fruit and seed anatomy and morphology ofAkanaa bzdzvrzllzz, the monotypic genus in the Akaniaceae, have been studied in an effort to clarzy its systematic position. The loculicidal(1, 2-) 3-locdar fruit with lignified fibrous 6-7-layered endocarp is clearly of capsular type. Seeds of Akania are relatively large, smelling of bitter almonds, abundantly albuminous, with straight dicotyledonous embryo. The seed coat of Akunia is exo-mesotestal with fully obliterated tegmen in early stages; 1-layered exotesta represented by columellar thick-walled cells with numerous invaginations of inner cell walls; mesotesta 25-35-layered, composed of thick-walled, but not lignified mostly rounded sclereids filled with tanninl i e substances, the innermost part of mesotesta is aerenchymatous, sometimes collapsed, and traversed by 6(8) postchalazal vascular bundles, 2-3 layers of endotesta composed of enlarged cuboid cells with heavily thickened walls. Evidence mainly from seed morphology and anatomy of seed coats emphasizes the anomaly of the traditional inclusion of Ankaniaceae in the Sapindales, being quite distinct in spermoderm structure and origm from both Sapindaceae and Staphyleaceae in particular as well as from other families of the order, excepting somewhat anomalous exo-mesotestal Bretschneideraceae. Furthermore, seed anatomy does not confirm any relationships with Capparales. It is suggested that Akaniaceae together w t h Bretschneideraceae constitute a distinct relict side-branch of connaraceoussapindaceous ancestry tracing hack to primitive exo-mesotestal Kosales On the basis of available data of seed coat anatomy it is appropriate to remove archaic Akaniaceae with Bretschneideraceae from more advanced Sapindales. Furthermore, with the addition of more data on carpology and seed anatomy of basal Rosidae the systematic position of the family should he redefined in terms of its primitiveness and the lack of close relationships with Sapindales.
Novon, 2001
Upon learning that the genus Pherosphaera W. Archer his (1850) was a synonym of the monospecific ... more Upon learning that the genus Pherosphaera W. Archer his (1850) was a synonym of the monospecific Tasmanian genus Microcachrys Hook¬ er f. ( ), the family name Microcaehrydaceae Doweld & Reveal (1999) was proposed for conser¬ vation giving it priority over Pherosphaeraceae . The long-used name Pherosphaeraceae was consistently misapplied in the sense of Microstrobos J. Garden & L. A. S. . Ac¬ cordingly, a new family, Microstrobaceae, is vali¬ dated and segregated into its own order, Microstrobales. In addition, for those who might wish to recognize the taxon at a lower rank within Podocarpaceae Endlicher, the names Microstroboideae and Microstrobeae are established to replace the already existing but consistently misapplied Pherosphaeroideae Pilger (1903, 1916) and Pherosphaereae Pilger (1903).
Plant Systematics and Evolution, May 10, 2001
... 2 According to a new, improved terminology of fruit dehiscence (Doweld 1997) modern epithets ... more ... 2 According to a new, improved terminology of fruit dehiscence (Doweld 1997) modern epithets for description of dehiscentia fructuum are formed with ... As a rule, the endocarp has only 2±3 layers of macrosclereids (including the inner epidermis) in the zone of fruit dehiscence ...
Acta Palaeobotanica, Dec 1, 2017
Comptonia comptoniifolia (Brongn.) Doweld, comb. nov., based on the recently rediscovered Phyllit... more Comptonia comptoniifolia (Brongn.) Doweld, comb. nov., based on the recently rediscovered Phyllites comptoniifolius Brongn., is reinstated based upon priority as the earliest validly published species name in place of the previously incorrectly used C. acutiloba Brongn. and C. difformis (Sternb.) E.W. Berry (Aspleniopteris dif formis Sternb.; Asplenium difforme Sternb. non R. Br.). Comptonia japonica Krysht. is shown to be the earliest validly published name instead of the previously widely accepted Comptoniphyllum naumannii Nath. A new genus, Paracomptonia gen. nov., is proposed instead of the previously invalidly published Dryandrophyllum Velen., being based on the formerly segregated Comptonia subg. Avushia Zhilin, with transference of two Cretaceous Dryandra species, D. cretacea, and D. yakovlevii, and one Palaeogene species, D. schrankii, into Paracomptonia. The aberrant fossil species of Western Siberian Comptonia, based on fruit endocarps with a superficial resemblance to the extant genus, are reclassified and transferred into the recircumscribed and amplified distinct fossil genus Carpinicar pus, which is reinstated as a validly published genus instead of the anomalous Comptonia section †Comptoniella
Phytotaxa, Jul 28, 2015
The fossil species Quercus lavrovii Rajushkina (1987: 146) was described on the fossil leaf remai... more The fossil species Quercus lavrovii Rajushkina (1987: 146) was described on the fossil leaf remains of an oak from the Miocene sediments of Dzhungarian Aktau, Ili depression (Kazakhstan, Central Asia). However, according to Art. 53.1 of ICN (McNeill et al. 2012) this name is illegitimate because of the existence of an overlooked earlier homonym, Quercus lavrovii Budantsev (1955: 93) which was originally described from the earlier Oligocene deposits of Bestau, Turgay (Kazakhstan). The homonymy between these fossil species emerged during the creation of the International Fossil Plant Names Index, which is planned to list all fossil plant species (IFPNI 2014 onwards). Since the preoccupied species P. lavrovii Rajushk. is systematically recognized as a valid species in current use and it does not have any synonym, a nomen novum, Q. rajushkinae, is here formally proposed as a replaced name.
Kew Bulletin, Sep 1, 2017
Several new names are proposed for extant and fossil Populus. P. hastifolia Doweld nom. nov. is p... more Several new names are proposed for extant and fossil Populus. P. hastifolia Doweld nom. nov. is proposed as a replacement name for the extant P. lancifolia N. Chao, a later homonym of the fossil name P. lancifolia A. Braun. P. neimongolica Doweld nom. nov. is published for the illegitimate name P. platyphylla T. Y. Sun, a later homonym of P. platyphylla (Göpp.) Schimp. P. trinervifolia Doweld nom. nov. is proposed as a replacement name for the extant P. trinervis Z. Wang & S. L. Tung, a later homonym of the fossil name P. trinervis J. W. Dawson, with an additional recombination of its regional variety: P. trinervifolia var. shimianica (Z. Wang & N. Chao) Doweld comb. nov. P. simonioides Doweld sp. nov. is proposed instead of the invalidly published P. sinensis H.-M. Li. The fossil name P. latior A. Braun is resurrected because a synonym, P. populina (Brongn.) Knobloch, which is in current use, was found to be a later illegitimate homonym of another fossil name P. populina Jarm. Both fossil names, P. latior A. Braun, P. lancifolia A. Braun and P. zaddachii Heer, are neotypified. A new combination, P. populifolia (Krasnow) Doweld comb. nov. is proposed for a distinctive Eocene-Oligocene fossil poplar, with the names for the fossil P. amplifolia Pimenova and P. germanica (Menzel) Walther (Menispermites germanicus Menzel) placed into synonymy on account of priority; in addition the species is lectotypified.
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Books by Alexander Doweld
As the protistan generic name Sphenaster Wilcoxon, 1970 is nomenclaturally available in zoology and still recognized in modern protistology and palaeoalgology (as a member of the HAPTOMONADA), a new generic name is necessary for the fossil echinoidean genus. To resolve this homonymy, in accordance with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (‘the Code’ below), a new replacement name is here proposed for Sphenaster Jeffery, 1999 nec Wilcoxon, 1970.
other known homonyms, Aenigma Amsel (1956: 288) [Lepidoptera], Aenigma Koch (in Martini & Chemnitz 1846: 1, unpaginated) [Mollusca], Aenigma Karsch (1878: 825) [Arachnida], Aenigma Strecker (1876: 122) [Lepidoptera]. Therefore, a new replacement name was proposed, Kuznetsovia Doweld (2016: 68). However, it was overlooked that this
generic name is already preoccupied by Kuznetsovia Kammerer (2006: 269) [Arthropoda], escaped from Nomenclator Zoologicus and Zoobank. In this connection, to resolve unexpected homonymy with an arthropod generic name, in accordance with article 60 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999), a new replacement name is proposed for the fossil Ostracoda genus.
Papers by Alexander Doweld
As the protistan generic name Sphenaster Wilcoxon, 1970 is nomenclaturally available in zoology and still recognized in modern protistology and palaeoalgology (as a member of the HAPTOMONADA), a new generic name is necessary for the fossil echinoidean genus. To resolve this homonymy, in accordance with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (‘the Code’ below), a new replacement name is here proposed for Sphenaster Jeffery, 1999 nec Wilcoxon, 1970.
other known homonyms, Aenigma Amsel (1956: 288) [Lepidoptera], Aenigma Koch (in Martini & Chemnitz 1846: 1, unpaginated) [Mollusca], Aenigma Karsch (1878: 825) [Arachnida], Aenigma Strecker (1876: 122) [Lepidoptera]. Therefore, a new replacement name was proposed, Kuznetsovia Doweld (2016: 68). However, it was overlooked that this
generic name is already preoccupied by Kuznetsovia Kammerer (2006: 269) [Arthropoda], escaped from Nomenclator Zoologicus and Zoobank. In this connection, to resolve unexpected homonymy with an arthropod generic name, in accordance with article 60 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999), a new replacement name is proposed for the fossil Ostracoda genus.