Papers by Phoebe Everingham
Affect and Emotion in Tourism
Promotion of volunteer tourism is couched within notions of ‘giving back’, drawing on affective s... more Promotion of volunteer tourism is couched within notions of ‘giving back’, drawing on affective sentiments of ‘care’, ‘compassion’ and ‘empathy’, reinforced by neo-colonial and neoliberal notions o...
Multilingual Matters eBooks, Dec 31, 2023
Emerald Publishing Limited eBooks, Nov 7, 2022
Tourism Recreation Research
CAUTHE 2020: 20: 20 Vision: New Perspectives on the Diversity of Hospitality, Tourism and Events, 2020
Annals of Leisure Research, 2020
Using an investigative research method, this paper explores the neo-liberal paradigm of governanc... more Using an investigative research method, this paper explores the neo-liberal paradigm of governance used to stage high-octane urban motor racing events. The discussion details the tactics used by Supercars Australia to anticipate and manage resistance from the impacted community through a process we term the 'juggernaut effect'. This study of the Newcastle 500 Supercar race in Newcastle, NSW found information tightly controlled by a Public/Private Partnership, which swept aside due democratic process to privilege the interests of a private corporation over community. The 'juggernaut effect' shows how power was manifested through boosterism, brinkmanship and secrecy. This paper investigates 'why' and 'how' due process is so frequently absent in event contexts. In so doing, it questions broader assumptions about the touted benefits of these events and challenges the ethics of entrepreneurial governance where government agencies may employ a marketing mandate to corrupt ethical considerations and the public's expectations of due process.
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Socialising Tourism, 2021
Neoliberal approaches to tourism have typically focused on economic growth, contributing to a “Tr... more Neoliberal approaches to tourism have typically focused on economic growth, contributing to a “Tragedy of the Commons” in terms of degradation of shared resources. This has significant adverse effects on the social and environmental well-being of host communities. In a post-COVID-19 era, where the tourism industry has already suffered significant impacts, the adverse effects of neoliberal tourism will be compounded if there is no change to economic models of “growth”. In the age of climate change, we know that there are social and ecological limits to that growth, but responsible and sustainable tourism approaches do not go far enough to address the challenges highlighted by COVID-19 and future crises. What we need now is transformative change in a way that socialises tourism within social and ecological planetary boundaries. Buen Vivir can act as a guide for socialising tourism towards transformative change by reframing tourism objectives, with greater emphasis on the collective we...
Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Volunteer tourism as development aid 1.3 Positioni... more Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Volunteer tourism as development aid 1.3 Positioning myself in the research 1.4 Volunteer Tourism: Thesis interventions in the (b)orderlands 1.5 Overview of chapters Chapter 2: Literature review 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Volunteer tourism, neoliberalism and neo-colonial development 2.3 Volunteer Tourism and the third space; possibilities for resistance and subversions through ambivalence and newness 2.4 The affective turn: Informing debates in volunteer tourism 2.5 Affect as a performativity of hope: methodology and positionality 2.6 Affective decolonial approaches in volunteer tourism 2.7 The hopeful tourism agenda: decolonising linear time, prefiguration and hope 2.8 Conclusion Chapter 3: Methodology 3.1 In-depth Interviews 3.7 Case Study 1: Otra Cosa Network 3.8 Case Study 2: Fundacion Arte Del Mundo 3.9 Conclusion Chapter 4: Teaching English as voluntary tourism: intercultural communication and the 'third space' 4.1 Introduction submit Thesis-Phoebe Everingham Embodying Hope: intercultural encounters in the (b)orderlands of volunteer tourism 4.2 Global/Glocal English(es) 4.3 What is intercultural communication? What does it mean to have intercultural competence? 4.4 Construction of 'the other' through tourism and the potential for the third space to overcome binaries 4.5 Volunteer tourism and the third space 4.6 Conclusion Chapter 5: "I'm not looking for a manufactured experience": calling for a decommodified volunteer tourism 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Literature review 5.3 Methods 5.4 Findings 5.4.1 Volunteer tourist/voluntourist/volunteer? 97 5.4.2 A non-commodified, 'non-manufactured' experience 99 5.4.3 The importance of mutuality and cross-cultural exchange 103 5.5 Conclusion Chapter 6: Intercultural exchange and mutuality in volunteer tourism: The case of intercambio in Ecuador 1066 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Decentring volunteer tourism from development aid 6.3 The case of Fundacion Arte del Mundo, Ecuador: reimagining volunteerism as mutual exchange 6.4 Methodology 6.5 Diversity of motivations and volunteers 6.6 Framing outcomes in development aid discourse 6.7 Providing a context for mutuality: intercambio (exchange of Spanish and English) 6.8 Learning from children: subverting binaries and shedding paternalism 6.9 Conclusion Chapter 7: Hopeful possibilities in spaces of 'the-not-yet become': relational encounters in volunteer tourism 1255 submit Thesis-Phoebe Everingham Embodying Hope: intercultural encounters in the (b)orderlands of volunteer tourism 7.4 A language of becoming in 'the-not-yet'; hopeful possibilities of being-in-the-world 7.5 Case study 7.6 Methodology 7.7 The skate ramp: (non) embodied encounters: (not) dwelling in place 7.7.1 Doing development; the interface of disappointment and hope 140 7.7.2 Possibilities in the 'not-yet' for the Skate Ramp 1466 7.8 Conclusion Chapter 8: Speaking Spanglish: embodying linguistic borderlands in volunteer tourism 1511 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Decolonising binary conceptions of volunteer tourism. 8.3 Towards pluriversal understandings of volunteer tourism 8.4 Situating myself (the researcher) within the body-politics of autoethnography 8.5 (B)orderlands 8.6 Speaking Spanglish-language mediated through empathy 8.7 Conclusion Chapter 9: Conclusion: embodying hope in research 1744 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Reflecting on relationships and moments: The Australian Day Barbeque, 26 January 2012 9.3 Key Contributions: being 'affected' in the field and performativity of research 9.4 Key Contributions: being 'affected' is ambivalent 9.5 Key ontributions: the hopeful turn in tourism 9.6 What can a weak theory and affective decolonial analysis bring to a hopeful tourism agenda? 9.7 Directions for the volunteer tourism industry Appendix 1: Interview schedule 190 Appendix 2 Detailed description of volunteering roles at Otra Cosa Network 1978 12.0 Bibliography 2034
Despite the increasing significance of e-business worldwide and construction market leaders devel... more Despite the increasing significance of e-business worldwide and construction market leaders developing innovative e-business applications, the widespread uptake in the Australian construction industry is lagging. There has been considerable literature related to e-business adoption focusing on drivers and barriers to adoption. However, there has not been an investigation that has applied fundamental supply chain theory concepts. In this paper a reflexive capability model for the individual firm in relation to e-business is developed which relies upon merging economic and social practices through an industrial organization economic theoretical lens and social science theories of communication. The reflexive capability model proposed within this paper describes a framework for theorization of the different degrees of e-business adoption exhibited by individual firm’s and accounts for social-cultural, organisational-structural, communicative and economic (market and supply chain) barri...
To date much of the critical literature on volunteer tourism has taken universal approaches to po... more To date much of the critical literature on volunteer tourism has taken universal approaches to power that privilege negative critique. While these critiques are important for drawing attention to complex geopolitical inequalities they tend to fall into binary and static notions of power and agency. This paper draws on fieldwork with two volunteer tourism organisations in South America, taking a research perspective of 'affirmative critique', a critique that is attentive to the very real issues of power and privilege, while also looking to other aspects of the experience that are positive. Attention to ambivalence opens up analysis beyond either/or. I argue it is within the emotional, affective spaces of ambivalent intercultural encounters where hope for a better world can be found. I call for (volunteer) tourism researchers to be attuned to the embodied spaces in tourism, to allow themselves to be affected by emotions such as empathy through intercultural connection. I utili...
Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2021
Abstract The extent to which volunteer tourism can contribute to peace promotion through intercul... more Abstract The extent to which volunteer tourism can contribute to peace promotion through intercultural exchange and understanding is a central theme in this paper. We present the tensions of situating volunteer tourism within a broader tourism industry that promotes hyper-consumption and homogenous development discourses. As volunteer tourism becomes increasingly commodified and co-opted by a profit-driven industry that perpetuates neoliberal capitalism and neocolonial development, the benefits of volunteer tourism to local communities are questioned. The differences between commodified and decommodified volunteer tourism are highlighted, with the heterogeneity of volunteer tourism through a diverse economies lens considered. Through a case study of a not-for-profit volunteer organisation in Ecuador, we examine volunteer tourism as a force for peace and social justice, outlining how volunteer programs can facilitate encounters that foster mutual understanding and respect for different cultures and knowledge systems. When volunteer tourism operates outside of hyper-consumption and neocolonial development aid models, peace can be (re)centred through intercultural learning and exchange.
The Routledge Handbook of Volunteering in Events, Sport and Tourism, 2021
Global Tourism and COVID-19, 2021
Annals of Tourism Research, 2021
Abstract This article analyses the recent closure of the Uluru climb in the settler colonial cont... more Abstract This article analyses the recent closure of the Uluru climb in the settler colonial context of Australia and reflects on (im)possibilities for doing tourism otherwise to practices and logics of coloniality. Tourism at Uluru is embedded within settler colonial map-making, privileging supply side models of consumption at the expense of the Anangu Traditional Custodians. We contribute to the emerging body of research in tourism that argues for a dismantling of colonial logics in practice and theory and discuss the possibilities inherent in forms of tourism led by the Aboriginal custodians. In this context, tourism can promote deeper engagement to place that is ‘more-than-human’, beyond the Eurocentric dualisms of nature and culture, human/non-human/spirit. Unlearning coloniality is key for promoting transformative tourism.
Journal of Qualitative Research in Tourism, 2020
Tourism offers necessary inter-disciplinary and multidisciplinary insights into the phenomenon of... more Tourism offers necessary inter-disciplinary and multidisciplinary insights into the phenomenon of slavery and orphanage tourism. It is a unique compilation of chapters largely because it is not written solely for academics by academics. Instead, it includes a combination of work from different sectors of the tourism industry and children's rights advocates, industry academics, tourism industry leaders, children's rights activists, legal practitioners, and even a film-maker. The book gives practical insights into areas of law, policy, community development and tourism for practitioners. In the introduction, Joseph Cheer leads the reader through the broader societal context of modern-day slavery and orphanage tourism, fuelled by tourists' desire to 'do good' while at the same time satisfying their appetites for travelling to exotic and faraway places. Ironically, however, these 'ethical' decisions are being co-opted and commodified by a tourism market that has cottoned on to the chance to profit from these 'ethical' forms of travel. Drawing on the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), which is used as a benchmark throughout the book to draw attention to orphanage tourism as a form of modern-day slavery, Cheer makes his position clear: that a call to arms against orphanage tourism is necessary. Modern-day slavery manifests in all sorts of ways in modern global capitalism, however it is less visible than in the colonial era of the transatlantic slave trade and chain gangs. This makes it very difficult to pinpoint what constitutes 'slavery'. As such, the first section of the book focuses on the legalities in this complex context. Explaining the CRC in simple language in chapter 1, Hannah Reid offers practitioners and children's rights activists a concrete toolkit to reform the industry through regulatory bodies and governments. Exploring Australia's modern-day slavery Act of 2019 in chapter 2, Kathryn van Doore argues that the scope needs to be broadened from just seeing slavery as human trafficking to include offences and penalties for individuals, businesses and organizations that facilitate, enable, organize and profit from tourist visits to orphanages. Taking a context-specific approach to orphanage tourism in Bali in chapter 3, Gemma Daniels also raises a crucial question that future research will hopefully address: that understanding institutional care mostly comes from minority world perspectives and may not account for majority world cultural uses of institutional care settings. Societal, economic and political issues that inform and impact orphanage care are connected to structural factors underlined by religion, family, culture and government. Karen Flanagan, for example, argues later in the book
Tourist Studies, 2021
In this article we map the 20 year trajectory of theorising embodiment in Tourist Studies. From i... more In this article we map the 20 year trajectory of theorising embodiment in Tourist Studies. From its inception in 2001, embedded within the turn in the social sciences towards embodiment, Tourist Studies has paved the way in pushing the boundaries of theorising the links between embodiment, sensuality and performativity. Tourist Studies has opened up novel trajectories in tourism research away from the traditional focus on vision, towards multi-sensual analysis including the role of taste, smell, touch and sound. In this article we draw attention to these important contributions in understanding the body-practices and body-subjects within tourism, including work that utilises non-representational analyses, relational materiality, affect, more-than-representational and more-than-human. About 20 years on we remind readers of what theorising embodiment can bring to understanding encounters in tourism spaces, and specifically how attention to embodiment moves analysis away from fixed and...
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Papers by Phoebe Everingham